A partir del analisis longitudinal de dos casos, se analiza el activismo etnico en coaliciones contenciosas contra la construccion de centrales hidroelectricas en Chile. Nos preguntamos sobre el rendimiento de las coaliciones interetnicas y de las condiciones que lo hacen posible. Se propone un modelo de analisis multidimensional que busca establecer aquellos factores distintivos que podrian ayudar a explicar los resultados en uno y otro caso. Se concluye, que si bien el contexto politico puede facilitar o limitar el desarrollo de cada caso, los factores mas relevantes tienen que ver con la capacidad asociativa local, la construccion de un framing transversal, el apoyo o coincidencia con diversas instituciones publicas, y la identificacion de una economia local alternativa al proyecto. Two cases are analyzed longitudinally to examine ethnic activism in contentious coalitions against the construction of hydroelectric plants in Chile. We want to assess the success of interethnic coalitions and the conditions that contribute to it. A multidimensional model is proposed that seeks to define specific factors that would help explain the results in each case. We conclude that, although the political context can facilitate or limit development in either case, the most relevant factors are related to the local associative capacity, construction of transversal framing, support by, or coincidence with, diverse public institutions, and identification of a local economy alternative to the project.
{"title":"Coaliciones interétnicas, framing y estrategias de movilización contra centrales hidroeléctricas en Chile: ¿Qué podemos aprender de los casos de Ralco y Neltume?","authors":"Christian Martínez Neira, Gonzalo Delamaza","doi":"10.23870/MARLAS.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23870/MARLAS.180","url":null,"abstract":"A partir del analisis longitudinal de dos casos, se analiza el activismo etnico en coaliciones contenciosas contra la construccion de centrales hidroelectricas en Chile. Nos preguntamos sobre el rendimiento de las coaliciones interetnicas y de las condiciones que lo hacen posible. Se propone un modelo de analisis multidimensional que busca establecer aquellos factores distintivos que podrian ayudar a explicar los resultados en uno y otro caso. Se concluye, que si bien el contexto politico puede facilitar o limitar el desarrollo de cada caso, los factores mas relevantes tienen que ver con la capacidad asociativa local, la construccion de un framing transversal, el apoyo o coincidencia con diversas instituciones publicas, y la identificacion de una economia local alternativa al proyecto. Two cases are analyzed longitudinally to examine ethnic activism in contentious coalitions against the construction of hydroelectric plants in Chile. We want to assess the success of interethnic coalitions and the conditions that contribute to it. A multidimensional model is proposed that seeks to define specific factors that would help explain the results in each case. We conclude that, although the political context can facilitate or limit development in either case, the most relevant factors are related to the local associative capacity, construction of transversal framing, support by, or coincidence with, diverse public institutions, and identification of a local economy alternative to the project.","PeriodicalId":36126,"journal":{"name":"Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guadalupe Pérez-Anzaldo. 2014. El espectáculo de la violencia en el cine mexicano del siglo XXI. México, D.F.: Ediciones Eón.","authors":"Sabrina S. Laroussi","doi":"10.23870/MARLAS.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23870/MARLAS.190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36126,"journal":{"name":"Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45244000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U.S. troops withdrew from the forward operating location (FOL) in Manta, Ecuador, in 2009 after a decade of presence. The withdrawal was celebrated not only by Ecuadorian activists, who had protested the FOL since it was established in 1999, but also by anti-U.S. military base movements around the world, which became connected through the transnational “No Bases” network and considered this a “people’s victory.” To advance our understanding of the role of such movements and their agency in U.S. military base politics, I borrow from civil resistance literature that holds a pluralistic view of power and examine the campaign to close the FOL in Manta through the lens of this conceptual framework, which revealed some limitations to the approach. I discuss areas that require further improvements in order for the framework to offer more rigorous explanations of anti-U.S. military base campaigns and their outcomes.
{"title":"Exploring a Civil Resistance Approach to Examining U.S. Military Base Politics: The Case of Manta, Ecuador","authors":"Anna Ikeda","doi":"10.23870/MARLAS.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23870/MARLAS.177","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. troops withdrew from the forward operating location (FOL) in Manta, Ecuador, in 2009 after a decade of presence. The withdrawal was celebrated not only by Ecuadorian activists, who had protested the FOL since it was established in 1999, but also by anti-U.S. military base movements around the world, which became connected through the transnational “No Bases” network and considered this a “people’s victory.” To advance our understanding of the role of such movements and their agency in U.S. military base politics, I borrow from civil resistance literature that holds a pluralistic view of power and examine the campaign to close the FOL in Manta through the lens of this conceptual framework, which revealed some limitations to the approach. I discuss areas that require further improvements in order for the framework to offer more rigorous explanations of anti-U.S. military base campaigns and their outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36126,"journal":{"name":"Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45458415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Latin America has been a laboratory for innovative strategic nonviolent action to confront oppression, corruption, human rights violations, and authoritarianism. One of the most salient explanations for why some movements achieve greater scale and effectiveness in meeting their objectives is the skills of movement organizers in unifying the population, planning strategic moves, and maintaining nonviolent discipline. The training and education to improve these skills often requires resources, transnational networks, and information sharing from external actors to complement the contextual knowledge, local legitimacy, and embedded institutional networks of local insiders. This essay proposes a model for international support of nonviolent action training and education that avoids the pitfalls of imposed liberal peacebuilding and colonizing hierarchies that could undermine movement legitimacy and expose activists to greater scrutiny and repression. In order to illustrate how the model works in practice, the essay examines the case of the Regional Institute for the Study and Practice of Strategic Nonviolent Action in the Americas.
{"title":"Weaving Transnational Activist Networks: Balancing International and Bottom-up Capacity-building Strategies for Nonviolent Action in Latin America","authors":"J. Pugh","doi":"10.23870/MARLAS.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23870/MARLAS.179","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America has been a laboratory for innovative strategic nonviolent action to confront oppression, corruption, human rights violations, and authoritarianism. One of the most salient explanations for why some movements achieve greater scale and effectiveness in meeting their objectives is the skills of movement organizers in unifying the population, planning strategic moves, and maintaining nonviolent discipline. The training and education to improve these skills often requires resources, transnational networks, and information sharing from external actors to complement the contextual knowledge, local legitimacy, and embedded institutional networks of local insiders. This essay proposes a model for international support of nonviolent action training and education that avoids the pitfalls of imposed liberal peacebuilding and colonizing hierarchies that could undermine movement legitimacy and expose activists to greater scrutiny and repression. In order to illustrate how the model works in practice, the essay examines the case of the Regional Institute for the Study and Practice of Strategic Nonviolent Action in the Americas.","PeriodicalId":36126,"journal":{"name":"Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42618464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
America Latina ha sido por decadas un escenario primordial para la creacion de innovadoras estrategias de la no violencia con el fin de confrontar la opresion, corrupcion, violaciones a los derechos humanos y el autoritarismo. Una de las explicaciones fundamentales del exito de ciertos movimientos en terminos de alcance y efectividad en el logro de sus objetivos es la habilidad de quienes los lideran de unificar a la poblacion, planear acciones estrategicas y mantener la disciplina de la no violencia. La preparacion y el entrenamiento para mejorar tales habilidades implican recursos, redes transnacionales e informacion suministrada por actores externos, asi como el conocimiento del contexto, la legitimidad local y las redes locales institucionales. Este ensayo propone un modelo de apoyo internacional de entrenamiento y educacion en accion no violenta que evita caer en la trampa de imponer el modelo liberal de la construccion de paz y que desafia jerarquias colonizadoras que podrian poner en peligro la legitimidad de los movimientos y exponer a los activistas a mayor escrutinio y represion. Con el fin de ilustrar como este modelo puede operar en la practica, este ensayo examina el caso del Programa Regional para el Estudio y Practica de la Accion Estrategica No violenta en las Americas. Traducido por Adriana Rincon Villegas University of Massachusetts Boston adriana.rinconvil001@umb.edu
{"title":"Tejiendo redes de activismo transnacional: el balance entre estrategias internacionales y locales en la construcción de capacidades para la acción no violenta en América Latina","authors":"Jeffrey D. Pugh","doi":"10.23870/MARLAS.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23870/MARLAS.194","url":null,"abstract":"America Latina ha sido por decadas un escenario primordial para la creacion de innovadoras estrategias de la no violencia con el fin de confrontar la opresion, corrupcion, violaciones a los derechos humanos y el autoritarismo. Una de las explicaciones fundamentales del exito de ciertos movimientos en terminos de alcance y efectividad en el logro de sus objetivos es la habilidad de quienes los lideran de unificar a la poblacion, planear acciones estrategicas y mantener la disciplina de la no violencia. La preparacion y el entrenamiento para mejorar tales habilidades implican recursos, redes transnacionales e informacion suministrada por actores externos, asi como el conocimiento del contexto, la legitimidad local y las redes locales institucionales. Este ensayo propone un modelo de apoyo internacional de entrenamiento y educacion en accion no violenta que evita caer en la trampa de imponer el modelo liberal de la construccion de paz y que desafia jerarquias colonizadoras que podrian poner en peligro la legitimidad de los movimientos y exponer a los activistas a mayor escrutinio y represion. Con el fin de ilustrar como este modelo puede operar en la practica, este ensayo examina el caso del Programa Regional para el Estudio y Practica de la Accion Estrategica No violenta en las Americas. Traducido por Adriana Rincon Villegas University of Massachusetts Boston adriana.rinconvil001@umb.edu","PeriodicalId":36126,"journal":{"name":"Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46218371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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