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EVOLUTION OF THE IMAGE OF THE SKY (“TENGER”) IN DAURIAN CULTURE 达斡尔文化中天空形象(“tenger”)的演变
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.1.82-90
Li Ping, B. Tsybenov
The article studies the historical transformation of the image of the sky in Daurian culture. The authors analyze the myths and shamanistic rituals of the Daur people. The concept of the sky - “tenger” - refers not only to the sky itself, but also to the tops of deer horns, tree tops, the upper part of human and horse’s heads. The authors compare the Daurian and Buryat shamanistic rituals and reveal many similar points. They come to the conclusion that the ancient people worshiped the image of “tenger” as the sun and the moon. After the Neolithic period, “tenger” worship was expressed in the totemistic cult of eagle. The cult of horse was also associated with the sky worship; Daurs sacrificed white horses and bulls to the sky. The authors find out the solar origin of the fairytale heroes of some Daurian myths as well. The sun also appeared as mother in mythical representation. Ancient people considered the sun and the moon as a man and a woman respectively. In the period of matriarchy, when paired marriages arose, there appeared the Daurian myth of marriage of two siblings to two celestial fairies (dakini)...
本文研究了达斡尔文化中天空形象的历史变迁。作者分析了达斡尔人的神话和萨满教仪式。天空的概念——“腾格尔”——不仅指天空本身,还指鹿角的顶端、树顶、人和马的头部上部。作者比较了达斡尔人和布里亚特人的萨满教仪式,揭示了许多相似之处。他们得出的结论是,古人崇拜“tenger”的形象作为太阳和月亮。新石器时代以后,“腾格尔”崇拜表现为对鹰的图腾崇拜。马的崇拜也与天空崇拜有关;达斡尔斯向天空献祭白马和公牛。作者还找出了一些达斡尔神话中童话英雄的太阳起源。在神话中,太阳也以母亲的形象出现。古人认为太阳和月亮分别是男人和女人。在母权制时期,当配对婚姻出现时,出现了两个兄弟姐妹与两个仙女(空行母)结婚的达斡尔神话……
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引用次数: 0
SOCIOLOGY OF MEANING: THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN GNOSTICISM AND ORTHODOXY AS ONTOLOGICAL PARADIGMS 意义社会学:作为本体论范式的教会在诺斯替主义与正统对立中的角色
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.2.5-16
V. S. Levytskyy, Adaptation
The focus of this article is on the confrontation between Gnostic teachings and Christianity. This problem became the subject of special studies in various humanitarian discourses, but not so often in philosophical ones. Moreover, the struggle of Gnosticism and Orthodoxy was the struggle between two fundamentally different worldviews - the dualism, which is classical for mythological communities, characteristic of ancient thinking, and theocentric monism, which emerged from this struggle as the winner and in which the foundations of a natural ontology were laid. A philosophical analysis of this confrontation deepens the understanding of philosophical problems, which include the question of the nature of social reality, the mechanisms of its construction and maintenance. In this regard, Gnosticism and Christianity can be represented not only as competing religious systems and worldviews but also as different value-semantic universes that protect various “ontological canons”...
这篇文章的重点是诺斯替教和基督教之间的对抗。这个问题成为各种人道主义话语的专门研究主题,但在哲学话语中并不常见。此外,诺斯替主义和东正教之间的斗争是两种根本不同的世界观之间的斗争——二元论是神话团体的经典,是古代思想的特征,而以神为中心的一元论是从这场斗争中脱颖而出的,它是胜利者,奠定了自然本体论的基础。对这种对立的哲学分析加深了对哲学问题的理解,这些哲学问题包括社会现实的本质问题、社会现实的构建和维持机制问题。在这方面,诺斯替主义和基督教不仅可以表现为相互竞争的宗教体系和世界观,而且可以表现为保护各种“本体论规范”的不同价值-语义宇宙……
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引用次数: 0
CORRELATION OF MENTALITY WITH CULTS AND LIFE-SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE AMUR-SAKHALIN REGION 阿穆尔-库页岛地区土著民族的心态与邪教和维持生命的技术的关系
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.3.61-69
S. Bereznitsky
The aim of the research is to search for the regularities of the mechanism of functioning of the mentality of the Tungus-Manchus and Paleoasiatics of the Amur-Sakhalin region in relation to their complexes of cults, beliefs, rituals, and life-supporting technologies. The Tungus-Manchu and Paleoasiatics mentality is understood as a way of thinking based on specific worldview archetypes, knowledge, life-supporting technologies, a complex of dominant needs, beliefs, cults, traditions, and values. The system of life activity is considered as a complex of historically formed and constantly evolving cultural, ideological, economic and household components that allow an ethnic group to be preserved and reproduced in a specific geoanthropogenic landscape, creatively develop and improve its basic ethno-cultural features as global values. According to the author, the interaction of the mentality and the system of life activity is a bi-directional process: on the one hand, the mentality determines the ways and forms of life activity, on the other - the elements of culture that form the basis of life activity, make up the patterns, patterns, models and results of thinking that characterize the features of the ethno-cultural mentality of the ethnic community...
本研究旨在探讨阿穆尔河-萨哈林地区通古斯-满族人和古亚洲人的心理功能机制与他们的崇拜、信仰、仪式和生活支持技术的关系。通古斯-满族和古亚洲人的心态被理解为一种基于特定世界观原型、知识、生活支持技术、主导需求、信仰、邪教、传统和价值观的复杂思维方式。生命活动系统被认为是历史形成和不断演变的文化、思想、经济和家庭组成部分的复合体,使一个民族能够在特定的地球人为景观中保存和繁殖,创造性地发展和改善其作为全球价值的基本民族文化特征。作者认为,心理与生命活动系统的相互作用是一个双向的过程:一方面,心理决定着生命活动的方式和形式;另一方面,构成生命活动基础的文化要素构成了构成民族社会民族文化心理特征的思维模式、模式、模式和结果。
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引用次数: 0
SOVIET ANTI-RELIGIOUS FILM. “SECTARIANS” BY VLADIMIR KOROLEVICH (1930) 苏联反宗教电影。vladimir korolevich的《宗派主义》(1930)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.3.151-159
E. Golovneva, I. Golovnev
The article examines a unique phenomenon of Soviet cinema - the anti-religious film of the 1920s-1930s - a question insufficiently explored in humanitarian historiography so far. Being an organic part of the “cultural revolution”, on the one hand, anti-religious films of this period acted as an effective tool for the propaganda of the Soviet state in the fight against both the official church and manifestations of everyday religiosity. On the other hand, their creation was accompanied by detailed theoretical and methodological recommendations on the forms of interaction of party propagandists with the audience, and on the formats for the presentation of anti-religious attitudes. Based on previously unpublished archival materials, the authors bring to the fore one of the most indicative of such films titled “Sectarians” shoot by Vladimir Korolevich (Sovkino, 1930). The authors consider the film as a document of that time and analyze processes that ran parallel with one another in the Soviet culture and policy...
本文考察了苏联电影的一个独特现象——20世纪20年代至30年代的反宗教电影,这是迄今为止人道主义史学尚未充分探讨的问题。作为“文化大革命”的有机组成部分,这一时期的反宗教电影一方面是苏维埃国家在对抗官方教会和日常宗教表现的斗争中宣传的有效工具。另一方面,他们的创作伴随着详细的理论和方法的建议,关于党的宣传人员与受众的互动形式,以及关于反宗教态度的表现形式。根据以前未发表的档案材料,作者将弗拉基米尔·科罗列维奇(Sovkino, 1930)拍摄的最具代表性的电影《宗派主义》(sec)放在了前面。作者认为这部电影是当时的一份文件,并分析了苏联文化和政策中相互平行的过程。
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引用次数: 0
MARI LUTHERANS OF BASHKIRIA: BETWEEN OLD TRADITIONS AND NEW RELIGIOUS RULES 巴什基利亚的马里路德教徒:在旧传统和新宗教规则之间
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.3.15-25
R. Sadikov
The Mari people living in the Republic of Bashkortostan are mostly followers of their ethnic religion (“Mari paganism”). There is also a small group of Orthodox Christians, formed in the midst of the Mari pagan population as a result of forced baptism in the past. Since the 90s of the last century, the Mari people have also become acquainted with Protestantism, from different denominations of which only Lutheranism has had a tangible impact on the religious life of the Mari people. The teachings of Luther were preached among them by Finnish missionaries, who positioned themselves as representatives of a kindred Mari people. The use of the ethnic factor was one of the main reasons for the dynamic development of the Mari Lutheran community in Bashkiria. As a result of successful preaching work in the city of Birsk, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria was formed, which at one time was also the center of the Ural Brotherhood...
居住在巴什科尔托斯坦共和国的马里人大多信奉他们的民族宗教(“马里异教”)。还有一小群东正教基督徒,他们是在马里异教徒人口中形成的,这是过去强迫洗礼的结果。自上世纪90年代以来,马里人民也熟悉了来自不同教派的新教,其中只有路德教对马里人民的宗教生活产生了切实的影响。路德的教义是由芬兰传教士在他们中间传播的,他们把自己定位为马里人的代表。利用种族因素是巴什基利亚马里路德教会社区蓬勃发展的主要原因之一。由于在巴什科尔托斯坦共和国的比尔斯克市布道工作的成功,英格里亚福音派路德教会的教区成立了,它一度也是乌拉尔兄弟会的中心……
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引用次数: 0
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL POLICY (THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES) 国家忏悔政策背景下西伯利亚天主教会的行政结构(19世纪至20世纪初)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.4.47-55
T. Nedzelyuk
The article studies the peculiarities of the state and confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th centuries in relation to Roman Catholics. The materials that served as the basis for the study are stored both in the Russian State Historical Archive and in the archives of Siberian cities: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but in Tomsk they are in the best state of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but they are in the Tomsk State Archive in the best degree of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. The study revealed that the initiative to create the first Catholic parishes in Siberia belonged to the government and was dictated by the desire to remove the clergy of the Jesuit оrder from the capital...
本文研究了19世纪至20世纪初俄罗斯帝国与罗马天主教徒有关的国家和忏悔政策的特点。作为研究基础的材料存放在俄罗斯国家历史档案馆和西伯利亚城市的档案馆:托博尔斯克、托木斯克、鄂木斯克、伊尔库茨克、克拉斯诺亚尔斯克。相同内容的政府命令被发送到西伯利亚所有省级中心,但在托木斯克,它们保存得最好,这使我们有机会将它们系统化并用于分析。相同内容的政府命令被发送到西伯利亚所有省级中心,但它们在托木斯克国家档案馆保存得最好,这使我们有机会将它们系统化并用于分析。研究显示,在西伯利亚建立第一个天主教教区的倡议属于政府,是为了将耶稣会的神职人员赶出首都……
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引用次数: 0
THE IMAGE OF THE PANDEMIC: DISCUSSION AMONG ORTHODOX CLERICS (ROC MP) ON THE PANDEMIC 大流行的形象:东正教神职人员对大流行的讨论
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.2.119-127
A. Blinkova, S. M. Shurukht
The article analyzes views among clerics of the ROC (MP) on coronavirus and its spread broadcasted in Telegram channels from March 1 to June 30, 2020, during the first wave of the Coronavirus in Russia. Psycholinguistic and content analysis of 166 posts devoted to one or another aspect of the pandemic in the agenda of six analyzed popular Telegram channels allows to define the main themes that to varying degrees reflect the existing opinions in church on the origins of COVID-19, the risks of being infected, as well as the restrictions introduced by governmental and medical authorities to prevent the disease from spreading. The results obtained from two different kinds of analysis reveal the problematic situation among official church representatives towards the pandemic. Due to the lack of a clear position of the hierarchy they act in accordance with their personal reasons and understandings which often may cause real harm to the audience relying on clerics’ opinions. What is interesting, such views encompass both the sentiments of COVID-dissidents denying the very existence of the virus and its risks that leads to their disregard of safety precautions as well as the views of ‘undecided’ who prefer to confine themselves to cautionary statements without taking any additional actions.
本文分析了2020年3月1日至6月30日在俄罗斯第一波冠状病毒疫情期间,中华民国(国会)神职人员对冠状病毒及其传播的看法。通过对六个受欢迎的电报频道的166个帖子进行心理语言学和内容分析,可以确定不同程度上反映教会对COVID-19起源,感染风险以及政府和医疗当局为防止疾病传播而引入的限制的现有观点的主题。从两种不同的分析中获得的结果揭示了官方教会代表对大流行病的问题情况。由于缺乏明确的等级地位,他们根据自己的个人原因和理解行事,往往会因为神职人员的意见而对听众造成真正的伤害。有趣的是,这些观点既包括了对covid - 19持不同政见者的观点,他们否认病毒的存在及其风险,导致他们无视安全预防措施,也包括了“犹豫不决”的观点,他们更愿意将自己局限于告诫性声明,而不采取任何额外行动。
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引用次数: 0
THE HISTORY OF THE COEXISTENCE OF RELIGIONS AND THE PROSPECTS FOR WORLDVIEW TRADITIONS IN EVENKI SOCIETY 宗教共存的历史和鄂温克社会世界观传统的前景
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.2.17-27
A. Varlamov
The publication deals with the interaction of religions in the Evenki society since the 17th century. The author considers the process of Christianization of various Evenki groups, among whom the spread of the influence of the new religion was significantly different. The reasons for the formal status of the Christian religion among the majority of Evenk groups are outlined. Information about the history of the penetration of Buddhism into the environment of the Evenks of Transbaikalia is given, which is associated with the acquisition of ethnographic traditions of cattle breeding in close cultural relationships with Mongolian groups and clans. The reasons for the loss of the traditions of Evenk shamanism, associated with the repressive state policy in the 1930-40s, are indicated and the degradation of the cultural traditions of the ethnos in the second half of the 20th century. The article presents a picture of worldview and religious preferences in modern Evenk society, characterized by the coexistence of atheistic, Christian, Buddhist, and pagan (shamanic) views...
该出版物涉及自17世纪以来在埃文基社会中宗教的相互作用。作者考察了埃文基各群体的基督教化过程,在这些群体中,新宗教影响的传播有很大的不同。本文概述了基督教在大多数埃文人群体中占有正式地位的原因。书中提供了关于佛教渗透到外贝加尔的伊文克族环境的历史资料,这与在与蒙古团体和氏族的密切文化关系中获得养牛的民族志传统有关。文章指出了埃文萨满教传统丧失的原因,这与20世纪30-40年代的镇压性国家政策有关,并指出了20世纪下半叶各民族文化传统的退化。这篇文章展示了现代埃及社会的世界观和宗教偏好,以无神论、基督教、佛教和异教(萨满教)观点共存为特征。
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引用次数: 0
FORMATION OF MENTALITY IN SHAMANISTIC SOCIETIES OF THE NANAI PEOPLE 纳乃人萨满教社会心理的形成
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.3.70-77
Tatiana D. Bulgakova
The generalization of the field material collected by the author allowed to identify two groups of interrelated factors that form the mentality of those Nanai people who practice shamanism. There were two principles identified, the goal-setting and detecting the resources required to achieve the desired results. On the one hand, an irrational worldview, the idea of the accessibility of the space of the spiritual world and the characters inhabiting it (spirits), is specific to the mentality of shamanists. On the other hand, the basis of the mentality of shamanists is the priority of the principle of pragmatism (utility), that is, the desire to consider the spiritual invisible reality as a resource available for solving those problems that arise in the real physical world. The mentality formed at the intersection of the principles of irrationality and utility has a significant sociogenetic potential, its effect extends to those aspects of the socio-cultural reality that are outside of the actual shamanic practice...
作者对收集到的田野资料进行了归纳,确定了两组相互关联的因素,形成了纳乃人的萨满教心态。确定了两项原则,即设定目标和查明实现预期结果所需的资源。一方面,一种非理性的世界观,即精神世界空间的可达性和居住在其中的人物(精神)的观念,是萨满教心理所特有的。另一方面,萨满教的心理基础是实用主义(效用)原则的优先考虑,也就是说,他们希望将精神上不可见的现实视为解决现实世界中出现的问题的可用资源。在非理性和功利原则的交汇处形成的心态具有重要的社会遗传学潜力,其影响延伸到实际萨满实践之外的社会文化现实的那些方面……
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引用次数: 0
EXPLOITATION OF NEO-FASCIST IDEAS IN THE RADICAL WING OF THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF RUSSIAN MUSLIMS 在俄罗斯穆斯林国家组织的激进派别中利用新法西斯主义思想
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2021.3.140-150
V. N. Rogatin
The current article represents an example of neo-fascist ideas exploitation within the endeavor of the National Organization of Russian Muslims (NORM). The main members of the NORM asset and projects that this organization tried to implement within the framework of activities are presented. The ideological transformation of the NORM is presented in accordance with the author's periodization, which includes four periods: the Jemalist-Salafi period, the Opposition (Murabitunov) period, the Slavic-Islamic period and the Islam-European period. Each of these periods implies ideological and structural changes in the NORM. The periodization reflects the stages of politicization and radicalization of the NORM and its representatives. At each stage of the work of the NORM there were stable ideas that this organization tried to put into practice: the formation of a separate ethnic community (consortium) united on religious grounds within the framework of Islam and the exploitation of neo-fascist and Islamist ideas combined with political activism...
当前这篇文章是俄罗斯穆斯林国家组织(NORM)利用新法西斯主义思想的一个例子。该组织试图在活动框架内实现的NORM资产和项目的主要成员被呈现出来。NORM的思想转型是按照作者的时代划分来呈现的,分为四个时期:犹太主义-萨拉菲主义时期、反对派(穆拉比图诺夫)时期、斯拉夫-伊斯兰时期和伊斯兰-欧洲时期。每一个时期都意味着规范在意识形态和结构上的变化。这种分期反映了规范及其代表的政治化和激进化阶段。在规范工作的每个阶段,都有一些稳定的想法,该组织试图付诸实践:在伊斯兰教的框架内,以宗教为基础建立一个独立的民族社区(联盟),利用新法西斯主义和伊斯兰主义思想与政治激进主义相结合……
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引用次数: 0
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Religiovedenie
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