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Five-dimensional unequally weighted mapping methodology for measuring the level of human development: an application in Bagmati Province, Nepal 衡量人类发展水平的五维不等加权绘图法:在尼泊尔巴格马蒂省的应用
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00359-1
Ishwari Prasad Banjade, Srijan Lal Shrestha

Human development index (HDI) was estimated based on an alternative and modified methodology. We considered five components to be relatively more rational and representative of the HDI: income, education, health, social governance, and technological adaptation. Reviews suggested for the formulation of hypotheses that the present HDI fails to address many factors included in SDGs and hence is insufficient in its representativeness. In addition, the components need not necessarily be equally weighted. The validity of HDI was improved by inclusion of social governance and technological adaptation. The method of mapping between SDGs and HDI components was used along with the Laplace rule of probability to determine the component weights, and HDI was estimated by weighted geometric mean. The modified methodology was applied by conducting a sample household survey in Bagmati Province, Nepal, in 2023, based on three-stage stratified random sampling that covered mountain to Terai regions of the province including 17 rural and urban municipalities with a sample size of 569 households. The estimated weights of the components differed notably (0.16–0.26), which implied varied levels of importance and could be crucial in development planning. Survey results quantified sub-indices of HDI as income = 0.341 (95% CI 0.337, 0.345), education = 0.650 (95% CI 0.645, 0.655), health = 0.807 (95% CI 0.806, 0.807), social governance = 0.678 (95% CI 0.674, 0.681), and technological adaptation = 0.462 (95% CI 0.454, 0.469). These figures suggest a high priority for economic progress and technological support for the people of Bagmati Province. Finally, the estimated HDI of the province was found to be 0.559 (95% CI 0.555, 0.564), which is substantially lower than the current UNDP-estimated HDI value (0.661) and warrants more focused development policies than those based on the UNDP HDI value. Moreover, the inequality adjusted HDI was found to be substantially lower by 13.4% compared to HDI and demonstrates the existence of considerable inequalities in the province. Overall, the comprehensively modified HDI is useful to enhance policy implications, particularly in developing countries like Nepal and results suggested that Bagmati Province would suffer from inappropriate development policies due to overestimated UNDP-adopted HDI.

人类发展指数(HDI)是根据另一种经过修改的方法估算出来的。我们认为人类发展指数的五个组成部分:收入、教育、健康、社会治理和技术适应性相对更加合理和具有代表性。审查表明,在提出假设时,目前的人类发展指数未能涉及可持续发展目标中的许多因素,因此其代表性不足。此外,各组成部分的权重不一定相同。通过纳入社会治理和技术适应,人类发展指数的有效性得到了提高。采用可持续发展目标与人类发展指数各组成部分之间的映射方法以及拉普拉斯概率法则来确定各组成部分的权重,并通过加权几何平均数来估算人类发展指数。修改后的方法于 2023 年在尼泊尔巴格马蒂省进行了一次住户抽样调查,调查基于三个阶段的分层随机抽样,涵盖该省山区到特莱地区,包括 17 个农村和城市市镇,样本量为 569 户。各组成部分的估计权重差异显著(0.16-0.26),这意味着重要程度不同,在发展规划中可能至关重要。调查结果将人类发展指数的子指数量化为:收入 = 0.341(95% CI 0.337,0.345),教育 = 0.650(95% CI 0.645,0.655),健康 = 0.807(95% CI 0.806,0.807),社会治理 = 0.678(95% CI 0.674,0.681),技术适应 = 0.462(95% CI 0.454,0.469)。这些数字表明,巴格马蒂省人民高度重视经济进步和技术支持。最后,巴格马蒂省的人类发展指数估计值为 0.559(95% CI 0.555,0.564),大大低于联合国开发计划署目前估计的人类发展指数值(0.661),因此需要制定比根据联合国开发计划署人类发展指数值制定的政策更有针对性的发展政策。此外,不平等调整后的人类发展指数比人类发展指数低 13.4%,表明该省存在严重的不平等现象。总之,全面修订后的人类发展指数有助于加强政策影响,特别是在尼泊尔这样的发展中国家,结果表明,由于高估了联合国开发计划署采用的人类发展指数,巴格马蒂省将受到不适当的发展政策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of regional network economies on industrial productivity in Japan: dynamic total factor productivity function approach 区域网络经济对日本工业生产率的影响:动态全要素生产率函数法
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00358-2
Akihiro Otsuka

Improving productivity performance is essential for achieving regional economic sustainability. With the advent of the network society, regional economic agents have benefited not only from local within-region interactions but also from external out-of-region economies. However, it remains unclear whether localized external economies or spillovers of externalities through inter-regional networks are more significant in improving productivity performance. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between productivity performance and geographical externalities from an industry perspective using regional economic data for Japan and employed a dynamic total factor productivity function approach. It also assessed the impact of high-quality transportation infrastructure improvements on productivity catch-up. The results revealed the long-run effects of inter-regional networks on the productivity performance of industries. Furthermore, it revealed that, as a geographical externality, the “borrowed size” effect contributed significantly to productivity improvements in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. These findings suggest that enhancing both high-quality transportation infrastructure and inter-regional transportation networks is likely to improve industry productivity performance.

提高生产率对于实现区域经济的可持续性至关重要。随着网络社会的出现,区域经济行为主体不仅受益于本地的区域内互动,也受益于外部的区域外经济。然而,究竟是本地化的外部经济还是通过区域间网络的外部性溢出效应对提高生产率绩效更有意义,目前仍不清楚。因此,本研究利用日本的区域经济数据,采用动态全要素生产率函数方法,从产业角度研究了生产率绩效与地理外部性之间的关系。研究还评估了高质量交通基础设施的改善对生产力赶超的影响。研究结果表明,区域间网络对各行业的生产率绩效具有长期影响。此外,研究还发现,作为一种地理外部性,"借用规模 "效应对制造业和非制造业的生产率提高都有显著促进作用。这些研究结果表明,加强高质量的交通基础设施和区域间交通网络有可能提高产业的生产率绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of financial globalization on CO2 emissions in Asian countries and implications for Vietnam 金融全球化对亚洲国家二氧化碳排放的影响及对越南的启示
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00357-3
Hanh Nguyen Thi My, Linh Nguyen Thi Khanh, Truong Pham Xuan

Currently, economies around the world are striving for sustainable development with commitments to ensure environmental quality, while simultaneously experiencing rapid growth in the global financial market. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how financial globalization has influenced CO2 emissions in Asian countries. We utilized secondary data from 39 Asian countries spanning the years 2000 to 2020. Through cross-dependence tests, unit root tests, and panel cointegration analysis, we found that the variables exhibited a random pattern rather than a direct interconnection. Therefore, regression techniques such as POLS (Pooled Ordinary Least Squares), FEM (Fixed Effects Model), and REM (Random Effects Model) were utilized for analysis. The findings revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial globalization and CO2 emissions, suggesting an initial increase in emissions followed by a decline as financial globalization progresses beyond a certain threshold. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was confirmed, and positive correlations were found between trade openness, urbanization, energy intensity and CO2 emissions. These findings underscore the importance of sustainable financial globalization policies, emphasizing the need for Asian countries, including Vietnam, to balance economic growth with environmental protection by promoting green investments, adopting cleaner technologies and transitioning to renewable energy sources.

目前,全球各经济体都在努力实现可持续发展,承诺确保环境质量,与此同时,全球金融市场也在快速发展。本研究的主要目的是探讨金融全球化如何影响亚洲国家的二氧化碳排放量。我们利用了 39 个亚洲国家 2000 年至 2020 年的二手数据。通过交叉依存检验、单位根检验和面板协整分析,我们发现变量呈现出随机模式,而非直接的相互联系。因此,我们采用了 POLS(集合普通最小二乘法)、FEM(固定效应模型)和 REM(随机效应模型)等回归技术进行分析。研究结果表明,金融全球化与二氧化碳排放量之间呈倒 U 型关系,即当金融全球化发展到一定程度后,排放量会随之下降。环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)假设得到证实,贸易开放度、城市化、能源强度和二氧化碳排放量之间存在正相关关系。这些研究结果突出了可持续金融全球化政策的重要性,强调了包括越南在内的亚洲国家通过促进绿色投资、采用清洁技术和向可再生能源过渡来平衡经济增长与环境保护的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Is E-commerce an opportunity for boosting employment in developing countries? a study for the Chilean case 电子商务是促进发展中国家就业的机遇吗?
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00356-4
Manuel Pérez-Trujillo, Camila Alvayay Torrejón, Maricruz Lacalle Calderón

Little is known about how e-commerce impacts a firm’s performance and hiring decisions. The aim of this study was to empirically assess the impact of e-commerce on employment, labor demand and the skill composition of labor in a developing economy. We used Chile as a case study of a developing economy in Latin America that has seen e-commerce sales increase tenfold in the last decade. Data on e-commerce and employment for around 6,000 firms from the Chilean Ministry of Economy's Longitudinal Survey of Companies (ELE) for 2017 were used. Our identification technique was based on a matching procedure between firms that use e-commerce and those that do not. The fundamental aim was to compare labor demand among similar firms from multiple aspects, with the exception of e-commerce usage. Our results showed that e-commerce has a positive effect not only on total employment but also on hiring in Chilean firms by boosting the demands for both high and medium-skilled labor.

人们对电子商务如何影响公司业绩和招聘决策知之甚少。本研究旨在以实证方法评估电子商务对发展中经济体的就业、劳动力需求和劳动力技能构成的影响。我们将智利作为拉丁美洲发展中经济体的一个案例进行研究,在过去十年中,智利的电子商务销售额增长了十倍。我们使用了智利经济部 2017 年公司纵向调查(ELE)中约 6000 家公司的电子商务和就业数据。我们的识别技术基于使用电子商务和不使用电子商务的企业之间的匹配程序。其根本目的是从多个方面对类似企业的劳动力需求进行比较,但电子商务使用情况除外。我们的研究结果表明,电子商务不仅对智利企业的总就业率产生了积极影响,而且通过提高对高技能和中等技能劳动力的需求,对企业的招聘也产生了积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering embodied carbon emissions network between China and major regional economies with consideration of China’s trade structure optimization 结合中国贸易结构优化,揭示中国与主要区域经济体之间的碳排放体现网络
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00354-6
Feng Xu, Ruijie Suo, Nan Xiang, Jianghong Feng, Chang Shu

Carbon emissions embodied in trade account for 23% of total global emissions. This phenomenon will exacerbate as global trade flourishes, impeding carbon reduction. To clarify the evolutionary characteristics of global embodied carbon network, we constructed a multiregional input–output model spanning 2001 to 2021, encompassing China (CHN), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the European Union (EU), and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which represent 76% of global GDP. Combining industry correlation analysis and scenario simulation, we further explored embodied carbon emissions (ECE) mitigation potential through trade restructuring and carbon emissions intensity reducing in China. Results revealed an 89% increase in global ECE over the past two decades, with 70% contributed by intermediate trade. China emerged as the only country with net carbon inflow, but it experienced a significant decrease in net inflow in 2021 (32% lower than the peak in 2011). Conversely, the other three economic entities exhibited net carbon outflow in aggregate terms. Notably, RCEP (except CHN) experienced a transition in the direction of carbon flows in final trade, shifting from accounting for 10% of net global carbon outflows to 11% of inflows. In addition, dual control of emission intensity and trade scale, particularly in manufacturing industries, can reduce net inflows to China by up to 19% and contribute a 3.42% decrease in global ECE. Promoting trade to final products and transforming key industries to low-carbon, high value-added sectors were vital for carbon mitigation. These results can facilitate policy-making in shaping green and low-carbon foreign trade patterns.

Graphical abstract

贸易所体现的碳排放量占全球总排放量的 23%。随着全球贸易的蓬勃发展,这一现象将愈演愈烈,阻碍碳减排。为了阐明全球内含碳网络的演变特征,我们构建了一个跨区域投入产出模型,时间跨度为 2001 年至 2021 年,涵盖了中国、区域全面经济伙伴关系(RCEP)、欧盟(EU)和美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定(USMCA),这些国家的 GDP 占全球的 76%。结合行业相关性分析和情景模拟,我们进一步探讨了中国通过贸易结构调整和降低碳排放强度来减少体现碳排放(ECE)的潜力。结果显示,在过去二十年中,全球 ECE 增长了 89%,其中 70% 来自中间贸易。中国是唯一的碳净流入国,但 2021 年净流入量大幅下降(比 2011 年的峰值下降 32%)。相反,其他三个经济实体的碳排放总量均为净流出。值得注意的是,RCEP(中国除外)在最终贸易中经历了碳流动方向的转变,从占全球碳净流出量的 10%转变为占流入量的 11%。此外,排放强度和贸易规模的双重控制,尤其是在制造业,可使中国的净流入量减少高达 19%,并使全球 ECE 减少 3.42%。促进最终产品贸易和将关键产业转型为低碳、高附加值行业对于碳减排至关重要。这些结果有助于制定政策,塑造绿色低碳的对外贸易模式。
{"title":"Uncovering embodied carbon emissions network between China and major regional economies with consideration of China’s trade structure optimization","authors":"Feng Xu,&nbsp;Ruijie Suo,&nbsp;Nan Xiang,&nbsp;Jianghong Feng,&nbsp;Chang Shu","doi":"10.1007/s41685-024-00354-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41685-024-00354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon emissions embodied in trade account for 23% of total global emissions. This phenomenon will exacerbate as global trade flourishes, impeding carbon reduction. To clarify the evolutionary characteristics of global embodied carbon network, we constructed a multiregional input–output model spanning 2001 to 2021, encompassing China (CHN), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the European Union (EU), and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which represent 76% of global GDP. Combining industry correlation analysis and scenario simulation, we further explored embodied carbon emissions (ECE) mitigation potential through trade restructuring and carbon emissions intensity reducing in China. Results revealed an 89% increase in global ECE over the past two decades, with 70% contributed by intermediate trade. China emerged as the only country with net carbon inflow, but it experienced a significant decrease in net inflow in 2021 (32% lower than the peak in 2011). Conversely, the other three economic entities exhibited net carbon outflow in aggregate terms. Notably, RCEP (except CHN) experienced a transition in the direction of carbon flows in final trade, shifting from accounting for 10% of net global carbon outflows to 11% of inflows. In addition, dual control of emission intensity and trade scale, particularly in manufacturing industries, can reduce net inflows to China by up to 19% and contribute a 3.42% decrease in global ECE. Promoting trade to final products and transforming key industries to low-carbon, high value-added sectors were vital for carbon mitigation. These results can facilitate policy-making in shaping green and low-carbon foreign trade patterns.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":36164,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science","volume":"8 4","pages":"971 - 992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors on pulse production in Bangladesh for sustainable solutions: exploring the long-run and short-run dynamics 揭示气候和非气候因素对孟加拉国脉动生产的影响,寻求可持续的解决方案:探索长期和短期的动态变化
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00355-5
Farhana Arefeen Mila, Monira Parvin Moon, Mst. Noorunnahar, Mohammad Kabir Hasan Shahjada

This study highlights the urgent need for sustainable pulse production solutions in Bangladesh, given the nutritional and economic importance of pulses and the increasing challenges posed by climate change. Data from 1972 to 2020 were analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the long-run and short-run dynamics affecting pulse production. Granger causality tests was also employed to explore causal relationships and significant influences among the variables. The results revealed that average annual rainfall significantly enhances long-term pulse production, while temperature and humidity had insignificant negative effects. Conversely, carbon dioxide emissions showed a substantial negative long-term impact on pulse production. Non-climatic factors, such as pulse area, total population, and fertilizer use, showed significant positive effects in the long run, whereas energy consumption in agriculture remained statistically insignificant. In the short-run, pulse area, total population, and fertilizer use notably boosted production, while energy consumption continued to be insignificant. Granger causality tests identified causal links between CO2 emissions and total population, as well as two-way relationships between rainfall, pulse area, and production. These findings provide critical insights for stakeholders and policymakers in developing sustainable pulse production strategies.

鉴于豆类在营养和经济方面的重要性以及气候变化带来的日益严峻的挑战,本研究强调孟加拉国迫切需要可持续的豆类生产解决方案。采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)方法分析了 1972 年至 2020 年的数据,以研究影响豆类生产的长期和短期动态。此外,还采用了格兰杰因果检验法来探讨变量之间的因果关系和重要影响因素。结果表明,年均降雨量显著提高了长期脉搏产量,而温度和湿度的负面影响不明显。相反,二氧化碳排放对脉冲产量有很大的长期负面影响。非气候因素,如脉冲面积、总人口和化肥使用量,在长期内显示出显著的正效应,而农业能源消耗在统计上仍不显著。在短期内,脉冲面积、总人口和化肥使用量明显促进了生产,而能源消耗仍然不显著。格兰杰因果检验确定了二氧化碳排放量与总人口之间的因果关系,以及降雨量、种植面积和产量之间的双向关系。这些发现为利益相关者和政策制定者提供了制定可持续脉动生产战略的重要见解。
{"title":"Unveiling the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors on pulse production in Bangladesh for sustainable solutions: exploring the long-run and short-run dynamics","authors":"Farhana Arefeen Mila,&nbsp;Monira Parvin Moon,&nbsp;Mst. Noorunnahar,&nbsp;Mohammad Kabir Hasan Shahjada","doi":"10.1007/s41685-024-00355-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41685-024-00355-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study highlights the urgent need for sustainable pulse production solutions in Bangladesh, given the nutritional and economic importance of pulses and the increasing challenges posed by climate change. Data from 1972 to 2020 were analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the long-run and short-run dynamics affecting pulse production. Granger causality tests was also employed to explore causal relationships and significant influences among the variables. The results revealed that average annual rainfall significantly enhances long-term pulse production, while temperature and humidity had insignificant negative effects. Conversely, carbon dioxide emissions showed a substantial negative long-term impact on pulse production. Non-climatic factors, such as pulse area, total population, and fertilizer use, showed significant positive effects in the long run, whereas energy consumption in agriculture remained statistically insignificant. In the short-run, pulse area, total population, and fertilizer use notably boosted production, while energy consumption continued to be insignificant. Granger causality tests identified causal links between CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and total population, as well as two-way relationships between rainfall, pulse area, and production. These findings provide critical insights for stakeholders and policymakers in developing sustainable pulse production strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36164,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science","volume":"8 4","pages":"1051 - 1076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial regression analysis of political gender gap in Japan 日本政治性别差距的空间回归分析
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00352-8
Kenichi Kuromiya

Internationally, it has been repeatedly pointed out that the proportion of female members in the Diet and the local assemblies is extremely low in Japan. This is called a political gender gap. We analyzed the relationships between socioeconomic indicators and this political gender gap, and underlying causes using several spatial regression models. Prefectures are geographically connected; so, they can influence each other. Therefore, we incorporated geographical relationships between prefectures into the model. We found that a high proportion of women in a particular prefectural assembly was associated with a low proportion of women in adjacent prefectural assemblies. Thus, competition and repulsion exist between the adjacent prefectural assemblies. Furthermore, several series of analyses using spatial regression models showed that the impact of the political gender gap in a particular prefecture spread to adjacent prefectures, but not further. We found that considering prefectural spatial autocorrelations was important while examining the political gender gap, and previous studies that did not consider spatial autocorrelation might have been biased. However, here we were able to better explain the background of real-world phenomena occurring in the real world by applying spatial regression models.

国际社会一再指出,日本国会和地方议会中女性议员的比例极低。这就是所谓的政治性别差距。我们利用多个空间回归模型分析了社会经济指标与这种政治性别差距之间的关系及其深层原因。都道府县在地理上相互连接,因此可以相互影响。因此,我们将都道府县之间的地理关系纳入了模型。我们发现,某一都道府县议会中女性比例高,与相邻都道府县议会中女性比例低有关。因此,相邻县议会之间存在竞争和排斥。此外,利用空间回归模型进行的一系列分析表明,政治性别差距在特定都道府县的影响会扩散到相邻都道府县,但不会进一步扩散。我们发现,在研究政治性别差距时,考虑都道府县的空间自相关性非常重要,而以往不考虑空间自相关性的研究可能存在偏差。然而,在这里,我们通过应用空间回归模型,能够更好地解释现实世界中发生的现实现象的背景。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of socio-demographic and psychological factors on shaping farmers’ pro-environmental behavior in Dinajpur, Bangladesh 社会人口和心理因素对孟加拉国迪纳杰布尔农民环保行为的影响
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00351-9
Susmita Sarmin, Atia Shahin, Md. Faruq Hasan

Pro-environmental behavior (PEB) addresses environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, habitat loss, and resource depletion. This research aimed to identify the most influential factors shaping farmers’ pro-environmental behavior. The study was conducted in Biral and Kaharol upazila of Dinajpur District in Bangladesh. One hundred and thirty-eight (138) farmers participating in the Climate Smart Agriculture and Water Management Project (CSAWMP) were selected as samples through a simple random sampling procedure. The pro-environmental behavior of the farmers was measured using a five-point rating scale with 24 items under four dimensions. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the constructs were ensured before data collection. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire from September 2023 to February 2024. Statistical analyses, viz. correlation analysis, regression analysis (multiple linear and stepwise), and path analysis, were performed using SPSS, SPSS AMOS, and SmartPLS 4 software. Most farmers exhibited moderate pro-environmental behavior and adopted practices under the ‘social environmentalism’ dimension (mean = 4.5). Overall, the socio-psychological variables had the greatest influence (62.9%) on farmers’ pro-environmental behavior, where environmental knowledge was the sole contributor of approximately 48.8%, followed by environmental attitude (ΔR2 = 10%). According to the path analysis, environmental knowledge had the greatest direct effect (0.488), and ‘environmental self-efficacy’ had the greatest indirect effect (0.430) (in the positive direction) on the dependent variable. In contrast, age had the greatest indirect effect (−0.461) in the negative direction. Interventions such as community education programs, policies addressing psychological barriers and socio-economic disparities, and incentivized green technologies should be employed to ensure environmental sustainability.

亲环境行为(PEB)旨在应对气候变化、污染、栖息地丧失和资源枯竭等环境挑战。本研究旨在确定影响农民亲环境行为的最有影响力的因素。研究在孟加拉国 Dinajpur 区的 Biral 和 Kaharol 乡进行。通过简单随机抽样程序,选取了 138 名参与气候智能型农业和水资源管理项目(CSAWMP)的农民作为样本。农民的亲环境行为采用五点评分量表进行测量,共有四个维度 24 个项目。在收集数据之前,确保了各构念的内部一致性、综合信度、收敛效度和区分效度。数据是在 2023 年 9 月至 2024 年 2 月期间通过结构化问卷进行面对面访谈收集的。使用 SPSS、SPSS AMOS 和 SmartPLS 4 软件进行了统计分析,即相关分析、回归分析(多元线性和逐步)和路径分析。大多数农民表现出中等程度的亲环境行为,并采用了 "社会环境主义 "维度下的做法(平均值 = 4.5)。总体而言,社会心理变量对农民亲环境行为的影响最大(62.9%),其中环境知识是唯一的影响因素,约占 48.8%,其次是环境态度(ΔR2 = 10%)。根据路径分析,环境知识对因变量的直接影响最大(0.488),"环境自我效能 "对因变量的间接影响最大(0.430)(正向)。相反,年龄对因变量的间接影响最大(-0.461),呈负方向。应采取社区教育计划、解决心理障碍和社会经济差异的政策以及激励性绿色技术等干预措施,以确保环境的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of consumer satisfaction with green e-marketing of international fast foods chains using service quality dimensions and happiness approach: a case study from urban Pakistan 利用服务质量维度和幸福感方法研究消费者对国际快餐连锁店绿色电子营销满意度的决定因素:巴基斯坦城市案例研究
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00349-3
Khadija Shams, Alexander Kadow

Trends in fast foods and green e-marketing are increasing around the world including Pakistan. Drawing on unique survey data of the year 2023 for urban Pakistan, this study aimed to identify the principal determinants of consumer satisfaction toward green e-marketing of international fast food chains using service quality (SERVQUAL) dimensions and the conventional economics of happiness approach. The overall sample size of 400 respondents was determined by the Yamane method. Applying ordered probit regression analyses, we found that the tangibility dimension in terms of eco-labeling of fast food packaging and the empathy dimension in terms of employees’ understanding of customer needs and preferences according to their age or gender were the most significant and important determinants for consumer satisfaction. Interestingly, monthly expenditures on green consumption fell hand in hand with consumer satisfaction, and positively and significantly related to consumer satisfaction. Using independent sample T test and ANOVA test for gender difference and different working age groups, respectively, we found significant differences between male and female consumers in their mean online expenditures on green fast food products. At least one of the working age groups showed different mean online expenditures toward the green consumption of international fast food products from the rest of the working age groups. Therefore, policy makers and stakeholders should be advised to support eco-labeling and consider consumer preferences according to their age or gender.

在包括巴基斯坦在内的世界各地,快餐和绿色电子营销的趋势都在不断增长。本研究利用 2023 年巴基斯坦城市的独特调查数据,采用服务质量(SERVQUAL)维度和传统的幸福经济学方法,旨在确定消费者对国际快餐连锁店绿色电子营销满意度的主要决定因素。采用山根法确定了 400 名受访者的总体样本量。通过有序概率回归分析,我们发现,快餐包装上的生态标签的有形性维度和员工根据年龄或性别了解顾客需求和偏好的移情维度是消费者满意度最显著、最重要的决定因素。有趣的是,每月用于绿色消费的支出与消费者满意度同时下降,并且与消费者满意度呈显著正相关。通过对性别差异和不同工作年龄组别的独立样本 T 检验和方差分析检验,我们发现男性和女性消费者在绿色快餐产品上的平均在线支出存在显著差异。至少有一个工作年龄组在国际快餐产品绿色消费方面的平均在线支出与其他工作年龄组有所不同。因此,应建议政策制定者和利益相关者支持生态标签,并根据年龄或性别考虑消费者的偏好。
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引用次数: 0
Ranking the quality of life indexes by years in Asian countries using multi-criteria decision-making methods 利用多标准决策方法对亚洲国家按年份分列的生活质量指数进行排序
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41685-024-00350-w
Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan, Fatma Sönmez Çakır, Ilkben Akansel

The objective weighting methods recently introduced in the literature include method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC), logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting (LOPCOW), and modified preference selection index method (MPSI). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the above methods on criteria weights and rank in decision problems involving over 20 alternatives. Based on the quality of life index (QLI), the ranking of Asian countries was carried out by combining the above weighting methods with the multi-attributive ideal-real comparative analysis (MAIRCA). Combination of these methods has not been used before in this research area. Capitals of Asian countries were selected and evaluated with eight different criteria. MEREC, LOPCOW, and MPSI methods were used to weight the criteria. The MAIRCA method was used to rank the alternatives. These results were compared with Numbeo rankings. The MPSI method showed the closest ranking to the Numbeo ranking, exhibiting the highest Spearman rank correlation and lowest Euclidean distance. Given its straightforward applicability, the MPSI method is preferred among the aforementioned objective weighting methods, followed by the MEREC and then the LOPCOW methods. In addition, we also examined the applicability of the preference selection index (PSI) method to the data sets. The results indicate the PSI method may not calculate the criteria weights in decision-making problems where the number of alternatives is high.

最近在文献中提出的目标加权法包括基于标准去除效应的方法(MEREC)、对数百分比变化驱动的目标加权法(LOPCOW)和修正的偏好选择指数法(MPSI)。本研究旨在分析在涉及 20 多个备选方案的决策问题中,上述方法对标准权重和排序的影响。在生活质量指数(QLI)的基础上,将上述加权方法与多属性理想-现实比较分析法(MAIRCA)相结合,对亚洲国家进行了排序。在这一研究领域,以前从未使用过这些方法的组合。我们选择了亚洲国家的首都,并用八种不同的标准对其进行了评估。采用 MEREC、LOPCOW 和 MPSI 方法对标准进行加权。采用 MAIRCA 方法对备选方案进行排序。这些结果与 Numbeo 排名进行了比较。MPSI 方法的排序与 Numbeo 排序最为接近,表现出最高的斯皮尔曼等级相关性和最低的欧氏距离。鉴于 MPSI 方法的直接适用性,在上述客观加权方法中,MPSI 方法是首选,其次是 MEREC 方法和 LOPCOW 方法。此外,我们还考察了偏好选择指数(PSI)方法对数据集的适用性。结果表明,在备选方案数量较多的决策问题中,PSI 方法可能无法计算出标准权重。
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Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science
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