Global climate change has become more important than ever in last decades. Increased concentration of greenhouse gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere is considered as the primary cause of global warming which impacts and changes the global climate. Among the greenhouse gases, the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on global warming is significantly higher than any other greenhouse gases mainly due to its abundance in the atmosphere. It has been determined by the international global climate organizations that the most effective way to combat climate change is to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Forests as terrestrial ecosystems have an important role in the storage of CO2. In recent decades, the importance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests has been increasing regarding with economic value of carbon storage function. Therefore, the monetary valuation of the carbon stored by the forests has become an extremely important issue. In this study, it was aimed to calculate the carbon storage capacity of a sample forest and estimate its economic value. The study was implemented in Orumcek Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Gumushane in Turkey. The amount of carbon storage was calculated by using the allometric carbon models previously developed for tree species exist in the study area. Then, the economic value of carbon storage was estimated based on the amount of forest products extracted from the FEC between 2005 and 2017, the unit sale prices of the products, and total costs of associated activities over the years. The results indicated that the economic value of carbon stored by the forests was found to be 40.2 TRY per ton. Even though this value cannot be generalized and it is valid specifically for the forest and economic conditions in Orumcek FEC, the results in general highlight the significance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests in terms of their economic assess, which is important for the forestry sector in many countries as well as in Turkey.
{"title":"Monetary Valuation of Carbon Storage of the Forests: A Case of the Örümcek Forest in Turkey","authors":"Batuhan Ateş Yimaz, M. Misir","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.720775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.720775","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change has become more important than ever in last decades. Increased concentration of greenhouse gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere is considered as the primary cause of global warming which impacts and changes the global climate. Among the greenhouse gases, the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on global warming is significantly higher than any other greenhouse gases mainly due to its abundance in the atmosphere. It has been determined by the international global climate organizations that the most effective way to combat climate change is to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Forests as terrestrial ecosystems have an important role in the storage of CO2. In recent decades, the importance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests has been increasing regarding with economic value of carbon storage function. Therefore, the monetary valuation of the carbon stored by the forests has become an extremely important issue. In this study, it was aimed to calculate the carbon storage capacity of a sample forest and estimate its economic value. The study was implemented in Orumcek Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Gumushane in Turkey. The amount of carbon storage was calculated by using the allometric carbon models previously developed for tree species exist in the study area. Then, the economic value of carbon storage was estimated based on the amount of forest products extracted from the FEC between 2005 and 2017, the unit sale prices of the products, and total costs of associated activities over the years. The results indicated that the economic value of carbon stored by the forests was found to be 40.2 TRY per ton. Even though this value cannot be generalized and it is valid specifically for the forest and economic conditions in Orumcek FEC, the results in general highlight the significance of the carbon storage capacity of the forests in terms of their economic assess, which is important for the forestry sector in many countries as well as in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to analyze forest industry professionals’ opinions of the utility of pre-clearance work prior to the first-thinning operations. A total of 153 interviews were conducted with three groups of professionals (forest machine entrepreneurs, harvester operators and logging officers) with a response rate of 80%. In general, the respondents agreed that the occurrence of understory would hinder the cutting work if the softwood tree understory density exceeded 1,152 trees/ha and a height of 1.42 m. The corresponding values for broadleaved trees were 1,669 trees/ha and a height of 1.86 m. The respondents stated that trees eligible for logging should be pre-cleared within a circular area with a mean radius of 1.24 m, and the stump height of cleared trees should not exceed 10.8 cm. In intermediate areas (i.e., outside of the circular areas) understory trees exceeding a height of 1.96 m should be pre-cleared. Pre-harvest clearing should be conducted, on average, 9.2 months prior to the logging operation. The results indicated significant differences between the opinions of the respondents concerning the understory density, the height that would hinder cutting and the most convenient pre-harvest clearing method. As a result of this research, pre-clearance guidelines, based on the best-practice knowledge of the professionals, was launched at Stora Enso company in Finland. Because the study results were based on subjective knowledge, they should be validated by long-term empirical data collection and continuing analysis of the effect of understory trees on the efficiency of a forest machine operator.
{"title":"Assessing the Guidelines for Pre-Harvest Clearing Operations of Understory in First Thinnings: Preliminary Results from Stora Enso in Finland","authors":"K. Kärhä, D. Bergström","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.645639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.645639","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze forest industry professionals’ opinions of the utility of pre-clearance work prior to the first-thinning operations. A total of 153 interviews were conducted with three groups of professionals (forest machine entrepreneurs, harvester operators and logging officers) with a response rate of 80%. In general, the respondents agreed that the occurrence of understory would hinder the cutting work if the softwood tree understory density exceeded 1,152 trees/ha and a height of 1.42 m. The corresponding values for broadleaved trees were 1,669 trees/ha and a height of 1.86 m. The respondents stated that trees eligible for logging should be pre-cleared within a circular area with a mean radius of 1.24 m, and the stump height of cleared trees should not exceed 10.8 cm. In intermediate areas (i.e., outside of the circular areas) understory trees exceeding a height of 1.96 m should be pre-cleared. Pre-harvest clearing should be conducted, on average, 9.2 months prior to the logging operation. The results indicated significant differences between the opinions of the respondents concerning the understory density, the height that would hinder cutting and the most convenient pre-harvest clearing method. As a result of this research, pre-clearance guidelines, based on the best-practice knowledge of the professionals, was launched at Stora Enso company in Finland. Because the study results were based on subjective knowledge, they should be validated by long-term empirical data collection and continuing analysis of the effect of understory trees on the efficiency of a forest machine operator.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review article provides an overview of decision-making processes for harvesting of wood based forest products, which should include criteria that are environmentally friendly, technically feasible, economically viable, socially and institutionally acceptable. The decision-making on wood harvesting is a complex task that requires supporting management strategies for, not only satisfy socio-economic expectations but also handle environmental considerations. The changing paradigms and developing technologies related to forestry have a significantly impact on the contents of the decisions. In order to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the decisions, it is necessary to analyze the issues taken into consideration and focused in decision making processes. The aim of the article was to demonstrate the state-of-the-art of the decision making processes in Turkish forestry and review the contents of decisions in terms of adaptation to changing forestry operations management and technologies. Depending on the current status, the decision process related to wood harvesting system was firstly divided into two sub-process as managerial (administrative) and operational (technical), and then, each process was separately analyzed. To analyze managerial process in forest administrations, it was used a job analysis method by following of hierarchical and ordinary the paper-work procedure. For analysis of operational process, process mapping and work flowcharts were used by means of work study methods belonging to previous researches. It was found that the decisions were economical oriented (budget balanced) and societal sophisticated in administrative process. In the operational step, the harvest operations were based on technical and economic completion with basic and to moderate technologies. Environmental issues were not completely prioritized as a primary subject in any of the decision-making processes, yet.
{"title":"A Review on Decision Processes for Wood Harvesting in Turkish Forestry","authors":"M. Eker","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.739789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.739789","url":null,"abstract":"This review article provides an overview of decision-making processes for harvesting of wood based forest products, which should include criteria that are environmentally friendly, technically feasible, economically viable, socially and institutionally acceptable. The decision-making on wood harvesting is a complex task that requires supporting management strategies for, not only satisfy socio-economic expectations but also handle environmental considerations. The changing paradigms and developing technologies related to forestry have a significantly impact on the contents of the decisions. In order to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the decisions, it is necessary to analyze the issues taken into consideration and focused in decision making processes. The aim of the article was to demonstrate the state-of-the-art of the decision making processes in Turkish forestry and review the contents of decisions in terms of adaptation to changing forestry operations management and technologies. Depending on the current status, the decision process related to wood harvesting system was firstly divided into two sub-process as managerial (administrative) and operational (technical), and then, each process was separately analyzed. To analyze managerial process in forest administrations, it was used a job analysis method by following of hierarchical and ordinary the paper-work procedure. For analysis of operational process, process mapping and work flowcharts were used by means of work study methods belonging to previous researches. It was found that the decisions were economical oriented (budget balanced) and societal sophisticated in administrative process. In the operational step, the harvest operations were based on technical and economic completion with basic and to moderate technologies. Environmental issues were not completely prioritized as a primary subject in any of the decision-making processes, yet.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most forests in Azerbaijan are distributed in mountain ecosystems, and lowland forests cover very small area. The biodiversity of Caspian coastal lowlands has come face-to-face with the danger of depletion over the last 100 years. At the present, their main broad-leaved forest example remains in the Samur-Yalama zone. Due to a strong anthropogenic impact, forest-covered areas are decreasing. From this point of view, a comprehensive study of the forests of the Samur-Yalama National Park is of special importance. In the studying of the dynamics of the forest cover, the spectral vegetation indices are main technique. The aim of the research is to analyze the forest covers dynamics by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for the Samur-Yalama National Park of Azerbaijan. For this study, multi-spectral images were obtained from the Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI program of the United States between 1984-2019 years. According to the analysis, the dynamics of forest cover development show a negative value and gradually replacement of the densely forested areas by sparse forest-shrub vegetation. Although the overall condition of forests has deteriorated in recent years and it has been considered to fit the category of moderately healthy forests. If this decrease will continue with current speed, then next decades’ forests will move towards the weak healthy forests. That is why it needed to increase management, protection and awareness activities.
{"title":"Analysis of the forest covers dynamics in the Samur-Yalama National Park of Azerbaijan","authors":"Y. Abiyev, F. Karsli, S. Gümüş, F. Seyfullayev","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.724022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.724022","url":null,"abstract":"Most forests in Azerbaijan are distributed in mountain ecosystems, and lowland forests cover very small area. The biodiversity of Caspian coastal lowlands has come face-to-face with the danger of depletion over the last 100 years. At the present, their main broad-leaved forest example remains in the Samur-Yalama zone. Due to a strong anthropogenic impact, forest-covered areas are decreasing. From this point of view, a comprehensive study of the forests of the Samur-Yalama National Park is of special importance. In the studying of the dynamics of the forest cover, the spectral vegetation indices are main technique. The aim of the research is to analyze the forest covers dynamics by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for the Samur-Yalama National Park of Azerbaijan. For this study, multi-spectral images were obtained from the Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI program of the United States between 1984-2019 years. According to the analysis, the dynamics of forest cover development show a negative value and gradually replacement of the densely forested areas by sparse forest-shrub vegetation. Although the overall condition of forests has deteriorated in recent years and it has been considered to fit the category of moderately healthy forests. If this decrease will continue with current speed, then next decades’ forests will move towards the weak healthy forests. That is why it needed to increase management, protection and awareness activities.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45529033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the productivity of front-end loader (Liebherr L 514 Stereo), which is one of the most used mechanized harvesting equipment in the production of forest products, was analyzed using time-study method. Factors influencing loader productivity were also evaluated by statistical analysis. Time measurements were carried out during forest harvesting operations in Topcam Forest Enterprise Chief in the city of Giresun. The results indicated that the most time-consuming stage of the loading operation was moving loaded to the logging truck, followed by moving unloaded to the side of the logs. According to the results, the average productivity of the loader was 34.27 m3/hr. Correlation test results showed that there was a positive correlation between productivity and log diameter and log volume, while there was no significant relationship between productivity and log length. The regression model developed with respect to the loader's productivity and specified log parameters (i.e. log diameter and log volume) was found to be significant and adequately explained the productivity of the loader. It was found that there was a significant relation between loader productivity and diameter classes and volume classes. It was also found that loader productivity increased as log diameter and log volume increases.
{"title":"Productivity Analysis of Front-end Loader in Timber Harvesting","authors":"A. Akay, E. Bi̇li̇ci̇, I. Tas, H. Fındık","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.713860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.713860","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the productivity of front-end loader (Liebherr L 514 Stereo), which is one of the most used mechanized harvesting equipment in the production of forest products, was analyzed using time-study method. Factors influencing loader productivity were also evaluated by statistical analysis. Time measurements were carried out during forest harvesting operations in Topcam Forest Enterprise Chief in the city of Giresun. The results indicated that the most time-consuming stage of the loading operation was moving loaded to the logging truck, followed by moving unloaded to the side of the logs. According to the results, the average productivity of the loader was 34.27 m3/hr. Correlation test results showed that there was a positive correlation between productivity and log diameter and log volume, while there was no significant relationship between productivity and log length. The regression model developed with respect to the loader's productivity and specified log parameters (i.e. log diameter and log volume) was found to be significant and adequately explained the productivity of the loader. It was found that there was a significant relation between loader productivity and diameter classes and volume classes. It was also found that loader productivity increased as log diameter and log volume increases.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timber extraction from forest to the roadside/landing can be operated using cut-to-length, whole stem and whole tree. Skidding is one of the options for wood extraction. This paper aimed to review the available studies on work productivity of skidders in Eucalypt plantations. Reviewing the machine productivity information indicated that skidding productivity in Eucalypt plantations may be impacted by tree volume, load size, skid distance, slope of skid trail and power of the machine. Based on the reviewed literatures the machine productivity varied from 11.20 green tons per PMH 0 (Caterpillar 528 operating in skidding distance of 251 m tested in USA) to 80.25 green tons per PMH 0 (Timberjack 1710D operating in skidding distance of 241 m in Brazil). General productivity model was developed including variables such as skidding distance, tree size and power of machine. Future research could verify the impact of harvesting intensity/yield per ha, plantation layout (landing locations and block shape), operator experience, terrain conditions and availability of chippers/or processors at the landing in the case of hot decking on the productivity of the skidders in Eucalypt plantations.
{"title":"General Productivity Predicting Model for Skidder Working in Eucalypt Plantations","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.618344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.618344","url":null,"abstract":"Timber extraction from forest to the roadside/landing can be operated using cut-to-length, whole stem and whole tree. Skidding is one of the options for wood extraction. This paper aimed to review the available studies on work productivity of skidders in Eucalypt plantations. Reviewing the machine productivity information indicated that skidding productivity in Eucalypt plantations may be impacted by tree volume, load size, skid distance, slope of skid trail and power of the machine. Based on the reviewed literatures the machine productivity varied from 11.20 green tons per PMH 0 (Caterpillar 528 operating in skidding distance of 251 m tested in USA) to 80.25 green tons per PMH 0 (Timberjack 1710D operating in skidding distance of 241 m in Brazil). General productivity model was developed including variables such as skidding distance, tree size and power of machine. Future research could verify the impact of harvesting intensity/yield per ha, plantation layout (landing locations and block shape), operator experience, terrain conditions and availability of chippers/or processors at the landing in the case of hot decking on the productivity of the skidders in Eucalypt plantations.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest roads are necessary engineering structures for accessing and managing forestry resources. Considering the difficult terrain and its numerous variable effects, it must be ensured that the capacity of forest roads function adequately and that the road platform is suitable for vehicle traffic. This study aimed to focus on the determination and evaluation of deformation on the surface of the soil roads in the forest using SfM (Structure from Motion) technique. The study focused on the usage opportunity of close-range photogrammetry in the analysis of surface deformation on skidding roads used for forestry operations. Field surveys were conducted on a newly constructed skidding road for forestry operations with a four-wheel farm tractor. The geo-spatial location of the road was obtained by a Total Station (TS) prior to harvesting operation. A digital camera mounted on a 3.5 m high pole was used as a carrier platform in the field survey. The photographs with front and side overlaps (approximately 60% and -80%) were obtained from 95 m segment of the unpaved road. The spatial (X, Y and Z) differences between field measurements- and SfM-based models were compared using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the values of spatial error (SfMXY: 0.048; SfMZ: 0.010 for estimated model) were calculated. The change rate of stable, accumulations and abrasions on the road surface were calculated as 0.165%, 48.642% and 51.192%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that the use of semi-automatic measurement technique offers a promising potential for the evaluation of forest road surface deformation.
{"title":"The Evaluation of SfM Technique in the Determination of Surface Deformation on Skidding Roads Following Timber Harvesting","authors":"S. Gülci, Seçkin Şireli","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.600860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.600860","url":null,"abstract":"Forest roads are necessary engineering structures for accessing and managing forestry resources. Considering the difficult terrain and its numerous variable effects, it must be ensured that the capacity of forest roads function adequately and that the road platform is suitable for vehicle traffic. This study aimed to focus on the determination and evaluation of deformation on the surface of the soil roads in the forest using SfM (Structure from Motion) technique. The study focused on the usage opportunity of close-range photogrammetry in the analysis of surface deformation on skidding roads used for forestry operations. Field surveys were conducted on a newly constructed skidding road for forestry operations with a four-wheel farm tractor. The geo-spatial location of the road was obtained by a Total Station (TS) prior to harvesting operation. A digital camera mounted on a 3.5 m high pole was used as a carrier platform in the field survey. The photographs with front and side overlaps (approximately 60% and -80%) were obtained from 95 m segment of the unpaved road. The spatial (X, Y and Z) differences between field measurements- and SfM-based models were compared using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the values of spatial error (SfMXY: 0.048; SfMZ: 0.010 for estimated model) were calculated. The change rate of stable, accumulations and abrasions on the road surface were calculated as 0.165%, 48.642% and 51.192%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that the use of semi-automatic measurement technique offers a promising potential for the evaluation of forest road surface deformation.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective management of forest resources is very important for the future of the forest and to meet both ecological and economic needs. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the applicability of modeling in practice by identifying regions that may be landslide in forest areas via different modeling approaches. A total of six models were created by using four criteria (elevation, slope, aspect and stream power index) and using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Modified-Analytic Hierarchy Process (M-AHP) approaches in this study. The model’s performance was measured using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under Curve (AUC). According to the results of study, the most successful model was determined as FIS Model 1 with the AUC value of 82.1% and M-AHP Model 1 with the AUC value of 80.9%. This study provides important outputs that indicates the potential benefits of using landslide susceptibility mapping in the fields of forest harvesting, road network planning and forest management.
{"title":"Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Different Modeling Approaches in Forested Areas (Sample of Çankırı-Yapraklı)","authors":"Ender Buğday","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.582276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.582276","url":null,"abstract":"The effective management of forest resources is very important for the future of the forest and to meet both ecological and economic needs. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the applicability of modeling in practice by identifying regions that may be landslide in forest areas via different modeling approaches. A total of six models were created by using four criteria (elevation, slope, aspect and stream power index) and using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Modified-Analytic Hierarchy Process (M-AHP) approaches in this study. The model’s performance was measured using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under Curve (AUC). According to the results of study, the most successful model was determined as FIS Model 1 with the AUC value of 82.1% and M-AHP Model 1 with the AUC value of 80.9%. This study provides important outputs that indicates the potential benefits of using landslide susceptibility mapping in the fields of forest harvesting, road network planning and forest management.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49447495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current technology in Australia is mainly large swing tower yarder with grapple. These yarders operate under whole tree or cut-to-length methods in steep terrains of Victoria, Tasmania and South-East Queensland. Cable yarding is often applied in clear fell operations in pine or Eucalypt stands in Australia. Felling operations prior to yarding are carried out manually or using tracked feller-bunchers. Typical terrains for applying cable yarding have slope larger than 30°. There is currently a lack of small to medium size cable yarders that can efficiently operates under different circumstances. Medium size capacity yarders would be required to handle a wide range of situations under uphill and downhill extractions while small capacity highly mobile yarders will be needed for clean-up operations.
{"title":"A short review of cable yarding applications in Australia","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.33904/EJFE.473061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/EJFE.473061","url":null,"abstract":"The current technology in Australia is mainly large swing tower yarder with grapple. These yarders operate under whole tree or cut-to-length methods in steep terrains of Victoria, Tasmania and South-East Queensland. Cable yarding is often applied in clear fell operations in pine or Eucalypt stands in Australia. Felling operations prior to yarding are carried out manually or using tracked feller-bunchers. Typical terrains for applying cable yarding have slope larger than 30°. There is currently a lack of small to medium size cable yarders that can efficiently operates under different circumstances. Medium size capacity yarders would be required to handle a wide range of situations under uphill and downhill extractions while small capacity highly mobile yarders will be needed for clean-up operations.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47429911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the developments in computer technology are as effective in forestry as in many sectors. Open source web map based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a significant advantage in investigating forest structure. When using in open source web maps, the relationships between the data of different features can be evaluated effectively and accurately. In this study, the relationship between online landslide data and online stand data was investigated by coding a web interface with OpenLayers which is one of the common open source web maps. OpenLayers based landslide areas and ArcGIS Web Services based stand areas have been evaluated in the solution process. The parameters of the landslide stands have been evaluated in a case study conducted in Trabzon Regional Directorate of Forestry. Landslide data were obtained from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, while stands data were obtained from General Directorate of Forestry. The results indicated that most of the active landslide areas consisted of pure stands (26.71%), mixed stands (20.50%), and agricultural areas (38.51%). It was found that 14.29% of active landslide areas consisted of degraded forest and open areas while 38.51% consisted of agricultural lands. The results also indicated that stands with sparse crown closure covered 32.30% of the active landslide areas, while moderate and dense crown closures covered 12.42 % and 2.48 %, respectively. It was revealed that percentages of landslide areas were high in stands with low crown closure due to effects of heavy rain on the soil. It was also found that mostly tree species with narrow canopy and shallow root formation are subject to landslide incidents. This study suggested that OSWMs can be effectively used to investigate landslide activities in forest areas. It is anticipated that sharing open source data through online databases will provide great opportunity for practitioners and researchers in the field of forestry.
近年来，计算机技术的发展在林业和许多部门一样有效。基于开放源代码网络地图的地理信息系统（GIS）在调查森林结构方面具有显著优势。当在开源网络地图中使用时，可以有效、准确地评估不同特征的数据之间的关系。在本研究中，通过使用OpenLayers（一种常见的开源网络地图）编写网络界面，研究了在线滑坡数据和在线林分数据之间的关系。在解决过程中，对基于OpenLayers的滑坡区域和基于ArcGIS Web Services的林分区域进行了评估。在特拉布宗地区林业局进行的一项案例研究中，对滑坡林分的参数进行了评估。滑坡数据来自矿产研究和勘探总局，林分数据来自林业总局。结果表明，滑坡活动区主要由纯林（26.71%）、混交林（20.50%）和农业区（38.51%）组成，其中14.29%的滑坡活动区为退化森林和开阔地，38.51%为农业用地。结果还表明，稀疏树冠封闭的林分覆盖了32.30%的活动滑坡区，而中等和密集树冠封闭的覆盖率分别为12.42%和2.48%。结果表明，由于暴雨对土壤的影响，在树冠封闭度较低的林分中，滑坡面积的百分比较高。研究还发现，大多数树冠狭窄、根系形成浅的树种都容易发生滑坡。这项研究表明，OSWMs可以有效地用于调查森林地区的滑坡活动。预计通过在线数据库共享开源数据将为林业领域的从业者和研究人员提供巨大机会。
{"title":"Investigation Of Relevance Between Landslide And Stand Areas On Open Source Web Map (Openlayers): Case Study In Trabzon Region","authors":"S. Gümüş, T. Hatay, S. Okan","doi":"10.33904/EJFE.539554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/EJFE.539554","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the developments in computer technology are as effective in forestry as in many sectors. Open source web map based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a significant advantage in investigating forest structure. When using in open source web maps, the relationships between the data of different features can be evaluated effectively and accurately. In this study, the relationship between online landslide data and online stand data was investigated by coding a web interface with OpenLayers which is one of the common open source web maps. OpenLayers based landslide areas and ArcGIS Web Services based stand areas have been evaluated in the solution process. The parameters of the landslide stands have been evaluated in a case study conducted in Trabzon Regional Directorate of Forestry. Landslide data were obtained from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, while stands data were obtained from General Directorate of Forestry. The results indicated that most of the active landslide areas consisted of pure stands (26.71%), mixed stands (20.50%), and agricultural areas (38.51%). It was found that 14.29% of active landslide areas consisted of degraded forest and open areas while 38.51% consisted of agricultural lands. The results also indicated that stands with sparse crown closure covered 32.30% of the active landslide areas, while moderate and dense crown closures covered 12.42 % and 2.48 %, respectively. It was revealed that percentages of landslide areas were high in stands with low crown closure due to effects of heavy rain on the soil. It was also found that mostly tree species with narrow canopy and shallow root formation are subject to landslide incidents. This study suggested that OSWMs can be effectively used to investigate landslide activities in forest areas. It is anticipated that sharing open source data through online databases will provide great opportunity for practitioners and researchers in the field of forestry.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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