Technological progress does not stand still. As a result of a detailed analysis of the existing options for technological equipment used in production and described in the sources of patent information, the idea of modernizing the harvester (processor) head of logging machines came up, which makes it possible to increase the number of functions it implements. However, all currently existing designs of harvester heads either do not allow debarking, or when using them, slow debarking is carried out with multiple starts and stops of the debarking mechanism. The purpose of the variant of the modernization of the harvester head of a logging machine for felling, delimbing and bucking of trees described in the article is to create such a technical device that will allow the debarking of assortments by a rotary debarking mechanism without stopping its operation at the moments of delimbing and bucking the trunk. The main research method in the preparation of the article materials was the patent search for analogues and the development of a new technical solution based on them, which makes it possible to implement the task set by the authors. As an analogue, the impulse type of the harvester head was chosen. As a result of the modernization of the existing technical solution, several important elements were added to the design. The principle of operation of the new technical solution is substantiated. The proposed working body of the feller-lopper-bucker performs capture, sawing, felling a tree, pruning, bucking into assortments and debarking without stopping the debarking mechanism in the process of delimbing and bucking the tree trunk, which makes it possible to debark timber without reducing the productivity of the harvester head.
{"title":"Developing a new harvester head for tree felling","authors":"Konstantin P. Rukomojnikov, Aleksagina Natal'ya","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1457445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1457445","url":null,"abstract":"Technological progress does not stand still. As a result of a detailed analysis of the existing options for technological equipment used in production and described in the sources of patent information, the idea of modernizing the harvester (processor) head of logging machines came up, which makes it possible to increase the number of functions it implements. However, all currently existing designs of harvester heads either do not allow debarking, or when using them, slow debarking is carried out with multiple starts and stops of the debarking mechanism. The purpose of the variant of the modernization of the harvester head of a logging machine for felling, delimbing and bucking of trees described in the article is to create such a technical device that will allow the debarking of assortments by a rotary debarking mechanism without stopping its operation at the moments of delimbing and bucking the trunk. The main research method in the preparation of the article materials was the patent search for analogues and the development of a new technical solution based on them, which makes it possible to implement the task set by the authors. As an analogue, the impulse type of the harvester head was chosen. As a result of the modernization of the existing technical solution, several important elements were added to the design. The principle of operation of the new technical solution is substantiated. The proposed working body of the feller-lopper-bucker performs capture, sawing, felling a tree, pruning, bucking into assortments and debarking without stopping the debarking mechanism in the process of delimbing and bucking the tree trunk, which makes it possible to debark timber without reducing the productivity of the harvester head.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rising temperatures, an indication of climate change, threaten outdoor workers' productivity and occupational health, especially in physically demanding jobs like forestry. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to address knowledge gaps in the forestry sector by examining the relationship between knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior among pine oleoresin tappers, who work 8–12 hours per day. Hypothesis testing affirms significant relationships between knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior. The study confirms the mediating role of risk perception (dread factor) and the moderating effect of work experience. Enhanced knowledge emerges as a positive influencer on risk perception and precautionary behavior among pine oleoresin tappers, emphasizing the necessity for effective strategies in addressing health challenges within forestry occupations.
{"title":"Heat-Resilient Workforce: Unveiling the Relationships Between Heat-related Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Precautionary Behavior in Indonesian Pine Forest Workers","authors":"E. Y. Yovi","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1374811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1374811","url":null,"abstract":"Rising temperatures, an indication of climate change, threaten outdoor workers' productivity and occupational health, especially in physically demanding jobs like forestry. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to address knowledge gaps in the forestry sector by examining the relationship between knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior among pine oleoresin tappers, who work 8–12 hours per day. Hypothesis testing affirms significant relationships between knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior. The study confirms the mediating role of risk perception (dread factor) and the moderating effect of work experience. Enhanced knowledge emerges as a positive influencer on risk perception and precautionary behavior among pine oleoresin tappers, emphasizing the necessity for effective strategies in addressing health challenges within forestry occupations.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forests have a very important function in sustaining the natural life on our planet. However, fires, natural disasters, uncontrolled tree cutting and many other dangers threaten these important resources. Therefore, effective monitoring and protection of forests is vital. This paper explores the development and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled forest monitoring system as an innovative solution that will contribute to the protection of forests. The presented system provides real-time and comprehensive forest data by integrating sensors, data communication and cloud platforms. It captures important information such as temperature, humidity, air quality and wildlife activities. Fire detection is achieved by correlating the increase in CO gas concentration with the increase in temperature. Landslides are detected by measuring the acceleration of soil movement in 3 axes. Additionally, the system includes advanced machine learning-based acoustic tracking techniques to detect chainsaws, motor vehicles, screams, shouts, and gunshots. The IoT-based system provides a web-based user interface and other powerful tools to system users such as forest managers and researchers. These tools detect early signs of threats such as wildfires, landslides and changes in forest health. Through our testing, we demonstrate the system's effectiveness in providing timely insights for protecting forests and managing ecosystems. Through the use of effective technology, this research contributes to improving our ability to protect and preserve the forests that are so important for our planet.
{"title":"An Internet of Things Platform for Forest Protection","authors":"Mustafa Sanli","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1383234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1383234","url":null,"abstract":"Forests have a very important function in sustaining the natural life on our planet. However, fires, natural disasters, uncontrolled tree cutting and many other dangers threaten these important resources. Therefore, effective monitoring and protection of forests is vital. This paper explores the development and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled forest monitoring system as an innovative solution that will contribute to the protection of forests. The presented system provides real-time and comprehensive forest data by integrating sensors, data communication and cloud platforms. It captures important information such as temperature, humidity, air quality and wildlife activities. Fire detection is achieved by correlating the increase in CO gas concentration with the increase in temperature. Landslides are detected by measuring the acceleration of soil movement in 3 axes. Additionally, the system includes advanced machine learning-based acoustic tracking techniques to detect chainsaws, motor vehicles, screams, shouts, and gunshots. The IoT-based system provides a web-based user interface and other powerful tools to system users such as forest managers and researchers. These tools detect early signs of threats such as wildfires, landslides and changes in forest health. Through our testing, we demonstrate the system's effectiveness in providing timely insights for protecting forests and managing ecosystems. Through the use of effective technology, this research contributes to improving our ability to protect and preserve the forests that are so important for our planet.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanized timber harvesting involves various activities including; road planning and selection of harvesting systems and machineries. The emergence of geospatial technology (GSPT) i.e., geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing in the recent decades, has been considered as the best tools to facilitate timber harvesting planning in plantation forests. GSPT provide accurate stand information enabling better decision-making and optimizing forest operations. This study was conducted at Sao hill Forest Plantation (SHFP) in Tanzania, with the objective of determining relative efficiency (RE) between geospatial approach (GSPA) and conventional approach (CA) on planning mechanized timber harvesting. 120 grapple skidder (GS) time study observations in 30 sample plots covering different elevation terrain ranges were studied in both approaches. Productivity and costs under the two approaches were estimated and modelled using generalized linear model (GLM) approach. To obtain large scale estimates of productivity and costs, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation approach was used. The results showed that, GSPA demonstrated higher productivity and lower unit skidding costs (i.e., 71.1m3/hr and 2.121USD/m3) compared to CA (i.e., 67.5m3/hr and 2.914USD/m3) respectively. Skidding distance and slope (p-value < 0.05) were significant predictors of the GS performance in both approaches. The pseudo R2 ranging from 58.1% to 64.3% under CA, and from 62.9% to 60.8% under GSPA. Likewise, relative root mean square error (RMSEr) for the models under CA ranged from 49.3% to 50.4% and 33.4% to 35.2% under GSPA. Generally, the results showed that, models under GSPA have better fits and accuracy, compared to CA. Furthermore, the GSPA provided a raster representation of productivity and costs over the entire study area. Moreover, computed RE values (i.e., 1.18 and 6.17) indicated that parameter estimates for the GS productivity and costs were more precise in geospatial models (GSPM) compared to conventional models (CM). These findings highlight the potential of GSPT for an efficient large scale timber harvesting planning, by considering terrain constraints.
{"title":"Potential of Geospatial technologies in Mechanized Timber harvesting planning","authors":"Gilberth Temba, Ernest Mauya","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1364534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1364534","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanized timber harvesting involves various activities including; road planning and selection of harvesting systems and machineries. The emergence of geospatial technology (GSPT) i.e., geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing in the recent decades, has been considered as the best tools to facilitate timber harvesting planning in plantation forests. GSPT provide accurate stand information enabling better decision-making and optimizing forest operations. This study was conducted at Sao hill Forest Plantation (SHFP) in Tanzania, with the objective of determining relative efficiency (RE) between geospatial approach (GSPA) and conventional approach (CA) on planning mechanized timber harvesting. 120 grapple skidder (GS) time study observations in 30 sample plots covering different elevation terrain ranges were studied in both approaches. Productivity and costs under the two approaches were estimated and modelled using generalized linear model (GLM) approach. To obtain large scale estimates of productivity and costs, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation approach was used. The results showed that, GSPA demonstrated higher productivity and lower unit skidding costs (i.e., 71.1m3/hr and 2.121USD/m3) compared to CA (i.e., 67.5m3/hr and 2.914USD/m3) respectively. Skidding distance and slope (p-value < 0.05) were significant predictors of the GS performance in both approaches. The pseudo R2 ranging from 58.1% to 64.3% under CA, and from 62.9% to 60.8% under GSPA. Likewise, relative root mean square error (RMSEr) for the models under CA ranged from 49.3% to 50.4% and 33.4% to 35.2% under GSPA. Generally, the results showed that, models under GSPA have better fits and accuracy, compared to CA. Furthermore, the GSPA provided a raster representation of productivity and costs over the entire study area. Moreover, computed RE values (i.e., 1.18 and 6.17) indicated that parameter estimates for the GS productivity and costs were more precise in geospatial models (GSPM) compared to conventional models (CM). These findings highlight the potential of GSPT for an efficient large scale timber harvesting planning, by considering terrain constraints.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most preferred timber extraction methods in steep and mountainous terrain conditions is cable yarding. In recent years in Turkiye, mid-size cable yarders have begun to be used frequently in steep forest areas where intensive forestry is carried out. In order to make more effective use of cable yarders and achieve maximum productivity, timber extraction operations must be planned in the most appropriate way and implemented in the field accordingly. The productivity of mechanized equipment used in harvesting operations is mostly determined by using time study analysis. In traditional methods, time measurements are carried out by observing the work stages with time recording devices (stopwatches) in the area where the machine operates. Since timber extraction by using a cable yarder takes place in steep and tough terrain conditions, difficulties may be encountered in applying time analysis in the field. In this study, it was aimed to obtain high-resolution digital video images of the activities of cable yarding operation with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to calculate productivity through time study analysis on these images. In the study, Tajfun MOZ 500 GR model mid-size cable yarder was evaluated during a timber extraction operation in Köyceğiz Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Muğla in Turkiye. Besides, statistical analysis was performed to estimate the effects of factors such as average product length, product diameter, lateral yarding distance, number of pieces and total product volume per turn on the productivity of the cable yarder. The results indicated that UAV video images can be an effective alternative method to conduct time study analysis and productivity estimations. It was found that the productivity of the mid-size cable yarder was 11.76 m3/hour. During the operation, pulling mainline to the product and choker setting was the most time-consuming work stage, followed by the time loaded carriage reaching the landing. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship (p
{"title":"Productivity Analysis of Mid-Size Cable Yarding Operation based on UAV-captured Video Sequences","authors":"Halit Büyüksakalli, A. Akay","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1401698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1401698","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most preferred timber extraction methods in steep and mountainous terrain conditions is cable yarding. In recent years in Turkiye, mid-size cable yarders have begun to be used frequently in steep forest areas where intensive forestry is carried out. In order to make more effective use of cable yarders and achieve maximum productivity, timber extraction operations must be planned in the most appropriate way and implemented in the field accordingly. The productivity of mechanized equipment used in harvesting operations is mostly determined by using time study analysis. In traditional methods, time measurements are carried out by observing the work stages with time recording devices (stopwatches) in the area where the machine operates. Since timber extraction by using a cable yarder takes place in steep and tough terrain conditions, difficulties may be encountered in applying time analysis in the field. In this study, it was aimed to obtain high-resolution digital video images of the activities of cable yarding operation with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to calculate productivity through time study analysis on these images. In the study, Tajfun MOZ 500 GR model mid-size cable yarder was evaluated during a timber extraction operation in Köyceğiz Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Muğla in Turkiye. Besides, statistical analysis was performed to estimate the effects of factors such as average product length, product diameter, lateral yarding distance, number of pieces and total product volume per turn on the productivity of the cable yarder. The results indicated that UAV video images can be an effective alternative method to conduct time study analysis and productivity estimations. It was found that the productivity of the mid-size cable yarder was 11.76 m3/hour. During the operation, pulling mainline to the product and choker setting was the most time-consuming work stage, followed by the time loaded carriage reaching the landing. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship (p","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid LOTFALİAN, Jorn ERLER, Tibor PENTEK, Abdullah Emin AKAY, Rodolfo PİCHİO, Tomislav PORŠİNSKY
As the forestry approaches have been formed according to the demands and aspirations of the society, the forest sector implies different concerns such as social, economic, and environmental. Harvesting and extraction of wood at low-cost, protection of stands against degradation and changes in land use, proper implementation of afforestation and forest extension, conservation of endemic species, preservation of soil, providing jobs, and supporting national and domestic development were the cases that, depending on the time and area conditions, have a different priority for foresters. Of course, all this has always been discussed by the shareholders in the forest sector with the main attention to forest sustainability. But the question is: are forestry approaches compatible with the changes in the world today? Today, with increasing environmental concerns, as discussed at the Glasgow 2021 Conference, the importance of forests and their protection has doubled, and it seems that forestry practices in the world need a new approach. In addition to climate change, increasing human population and regional and global economic changes affect the use of forests and the form of forest management and utilization.
This paper aimed to take an analytical look at this issue and examine the current situation in five countries. It was also targeted with the help of the DPSIR Framework to elaborate the social consequences of the situation and analysis was presented about what to do or not. The emphasis of this paper is that forest managers and policymakers need to modify and adapt the plans and methods in a way that is appropriate to the progress of time and its changes, while protecting forests and ensuring their sustainability, limiting non-professionals from involving directly in the decision-making process.
{"title":"Insights from the Silviculture of Different Asian and European Countries: National Forest Harvesting Strategies and New Approaches","authors":"Majid LOTFALİAN, Jorn ERLER, Tibor PENTEK, Abdullah Emin AKAY, Rodolfo PİCHİO, Tomislav PORŠİNSKY","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1335766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1335766","url":null,"abstract":"As the forestry approaches have been formed according to the demands and aspirations of the society, the forest sector implies different concerns such as social, economic, and environmental. Harvesting and extraction of wood at low-cost, protection of stands against degradation and changes in land use, proper implementation of afforestation and forest extension, conservation of endemic species, preservation of soil, providing jobs, and supporting national and domestic development were the cases that, depending on the time and area conditions, have a different priority for foresters. Of course, all this has always been discussed by the shareholders in the forest sector with the main attention to forest sustainability. But the question is: are forestry approaches compatible with the changes in the world today? Today, with increasing environmental concerns, as discussed at the Glasgow 2021 Conference, the importance of forests and their protection has doubled, and it seems that forestry practices in the world need a new approach. In addition to climate change, increasing human population and regional and global economic changes affect the use of forests and the form of forest management and utilization.
 This paper aimed to take an analytical look at this issue and examine the current situation in five countries. It was also targeted with the help of the DPSIR Framework to elaborate the social consequences of the situation and analysis was presented about what to do or not. The emphasis of this paper is that forest managers and policymakers need to modify and adapt the plans and methods in a way that is appropriate to the progress of time and its changes, while protecting forests and ensuring their sustainability, limiting non-professionals from involving directly in the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presented a study, during which an analysis of waste generation process from wood during logging operations was carried out. The design of a device for the production of flour from the greenery of coniferous wood is presented. Estimates were also carried out of the waste volume of felling residues obtained directly at the cutting areas and the direction of possible use. The waste of coniferous wood greens is singled out separately as a potential raw material for the production of various types of products. For the production of flour from the greenery of coniferous trees, directly at the logging site, the design of a knife mobile unit is proposed. In order to determine the optimal values of the design and technological parameters of the proposed installation and the project conception of an industrial device, a multifactorial experiment was planned and implemented. This paper presents the results of experimental studies and analyzes the data obtained. The research is implemented on the basis of analytical and experimental methods. The main directions are statistical analysis and research of scientific literature on the topic of scientific work. The numerical data array used in the study is the results of a laboratory multifactorial experiment. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office and Statistica software packages. The use of a mobile plant for the production of flour from green coniferous wood, in the conditions of logging operations, will expand the raw material base for the manufacture of products using needles, as well as reduce the amount of waste generated during the harvesting of wood. Reducing waste will not only have a positive impact on the ecological situation of the environment, but will also reduce the likelihood of the outbreak and spread of forest fire.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING FLOUR FROM WOOD GREENS OF CONIFEROUS SPECIES","authors":"Mikhail ZYRYANOV, Sergey MEDVEDEV, Irina SHVETSOVA","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1299016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1299016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented a study, during which an analysis of waste generation process from wood during logging operations was carried out. The design of a device for the production of flour from the greenery of coniferous wood is presented. Estimates were also carried out of the waste volume of felling residues obtained directly at the cutting areas and the direction of possible use. The waste of coniferous wood greens is singled out separately as a potential raw material for the production of various types of products. For the production of flour from the greenery of coniferous trees, directly at the logging site, the design of a knife mobile unit is proposed. In order to determine the optimal values of the design and technological parameters of the proposed installation and the project conception of an industrial device, a multifactorial experiment was planned and implemented. This paper presents the results of experimental studies and analyzes the data obtained. The research is implemented on the basis of analytical and experimental methods. The main directions are statistical analysis and research of scientific literature on the topic of scientific work. The numerical data array used in the study is the results of a laboratory multifactorial experiment. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office and Statistica software packages. The use of a mobile plant for the production of flour from green coniferous wood, in the conditions of logging operations, will expand the raw material base for the manufacture of products using needles, as well as reduce the amount of waste generated during the harvesting of wood. Reducing waste will not only have a positive impact on the ecological situation of the environment, but will also reduce the likelihood of the outbreak and spread of forest fire.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Said Labed, Hamza Touati̇, Amani Heri̇da, Sarra Kerbab, Amira Sai̇ri̇
Forest and field fires have severe global implications, causing significant environmental and economic harm. Traditional methods of fire detection often rely on human personnel, which can pose safety risks and reduce their efficiency in large-scale monitoring. To address these challenges and minimize losses, there is an urgent need for real-time fire detection technology. In this research, we propose the utilization of artificial intelligence techniques, specifically Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to tackle this issue. Our proposed system analyzes real-time images captured by IP cameras and stored on a cloud server. Its primary objective is to detect signs of fires and promptly notify users through a mobile application, ensuring timely awareness. To train our model, we meticulously assembled a dataset by merging three existing datasets comprising both fire and non-fire images. Additionally, we incorporated images that could potentially be misinterpreted as fire, such as red trees, individuals wearing red clothing, and red flags. Furthermore, we supplemented the dataset with images of unaffected areas obtained from online sources. The final dataset consisted of 1,588 fire images and 909 non-fire images. During evaluations, our model achieved an accuracy of 93.07%. This enables effective detection, thus rapid intervention and damage reduction. It is a proactive and preventive solution to combat these devastating fires.
{"title":"An AI-based Image Recognition System for Early Detection of Forest and Field Fires","authors":"Said Labed, Hamza Touati̇, Amani Heri̇da, Sarra Kerbab, Amira Sai̇ri̇","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1322396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1322396","url":null,"abstract":"Forest and field fires have severe global implications, causing significant environmental and economic harm. Traditional methods of fire detection often rely on human personnel, which can pose safety risks and reduce their efficiency in large-scale monitoring. To address these challenges and minimize losses, there is an urgent need for real-time fire detection technology. In this research, we propose the utilization of artificial intelligence techniques, specifically Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to tackle this issue. Our proposed system analyzes real-time images captured by IP cameras and stored on a cloud server. Its primary objective is to detect signs of fires and promptly notify users through a mobile application, ensuring timely awareness. To train our model, we meticulously assembled a dataset by merging three existing datasets comprising both fire and non-fire images. Additionally, we incorporated images that could potentially be misinterpreted as fire, such as red trees, individuals wearing red clothing, and red flags. Furthermore, we supplemented the dataset with images of unaffected areas obtained from online sources. The final dataset consisted of 1,588 fire images and 909 non-fire images. During evaluations, our model achieved an accuracy of 93.07%. This enables effective detection, thus rapid intervention and damage reduction. It is a proactive and preventive solution to combat these devastating fires.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41657894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution of litterfall (dead leaves, twigs, etc., fallen to the ground) and forest floor (organic residues such as leaves, twigs, etc., in various stages of decomposition, on the top of the mineral soil) is fundamental in both forest ecosystem sustainability and soil greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange system with the atmosphere. A focus on forested wetlands is particularly important, as these systems account for a disproportionate amount of global carbon flux relative to their spatial coverage, and the decomposition of leaf litter is a major contributor. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different thinning treatments (low thinning-canopy closure 41-70% and intense thinning-canopy closure 10-40%) on litterfall, forest floor litter and leaf litter decomposition rates of alder (Alnus glutinosa) stands in Karacabey forested wetlands. The litterfall was monthly collected using open litterfall traps for 2 years from 2021 to 2022. The forest floor litter was also sampled 50 x 50 cm2 quadrates of 5 points in research plots of 20×20 m. The differences in leaf litter decomposition rates between the low and intense thinning stands were investigated using the litterbag method in the field for 18 months. The results indicated that the intense thinning significantly reduced the total litterfall production (7.24 ± 0.384 Mg ha-1) and the forest floor litter (2.78 ± 0.41 Mg ha-1) compared to the low thinning stand (10.8 ± 0.527 Mg ha-1 and (4.38 ± 0.82 Mg ha-1 respectively). Lower leaf litter decomposition rates were also seen in the intense thinning stands than in the lower thinning stands. At the end of the 18 months, the leaf litter mass loss was 83.6% in the intense thinning stands compared to the lower thinning stands (88.3%).
{"title":"Effects of Thinning on Litterfall Production and Leaf Litter Decomposition Rates of Karacabey Forested Wetlands, Bursa, Turkiye","authors":"T. Sarıyıldız, S. Parlak, O. Gönültaş, G. Savaci","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1317805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1317805","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of litterfall (dead leaves, twigs, etc., fallen to the ground) and forest floor (organic residues such as leaves, twigs, etc., in various stages of decomposition, on the top of the mineral soil) is fundamental in both forest ecosystem sustainability and soil greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange system with the atmosphere. A focus on forested wetlands is particularly important, as these systems account for a disproportionate amount of global carbon flux relative to their spatial coverage, and the decomposition of leaf litter is a major contributor. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different thinning treatments (low thinning-canopy closure 41-70% and intense thinning-canopy closure 10-40%) on litterfall, forest floor litter and leaf litter decomposition rates of alder (Alnus glutinosa) stands in Karacabey forested wetlands. The litterfall was monthly collected using open litterfall traps for 2 years from 2021 to 2022. The forest floor litter was also sampled 50 x 50 cm2 quadrates of 5 points in research plots of 20×20 m. The differences in leaf litter decomposition rates between the low and intense thinning stands were investigated using the litterbag method in the field for 18 months. The results indicated that the intense thinning significantly reduced the total litterfall production (7.24 ± 0.384 Mg ha-1) and the forest floor litter (2.78 ± 0.41 Mg ha-1) compared to the low thinning stand (10.8 ± 0.527 Mg ha-1 and (4.38 ± 0.82 Mg ha-1 respectively). Lower leaf litter decomposition rates were also seen in the intense thinning stands than in the lower thinning stands. At the end of the 18 months, the leaf litter mass loss was 83.6% in the intense thinning stands compared to the lower thinning stands (88.3%).","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44151086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer-assisted forest road design mainly relies on a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), which provides terrain data for supporting the analysis of road design features. The resolution and accuracy of the DEM in representing the terrain structures vary depending on the preferred dataset, which then reflects some of the essential road features such as alignment, road slope, and earthwork. In this study, three forest road sections were designed by using high-resolution DEMs generated from UAV photogrammetry data, GNSS-GPS data and Total Station data. NetCAD 7.6 software, developed in Turkey and mostly used in road design applications, was used to perform the road design while calculating horizontal profiles, vertical profiles, curves, cross sections, and earthwork. The DEM generation capabilities for three datasets were compared based on spatial resolution, data collection and data processing stage. Then, the differences between three road sections were evaluated by considering specified road features such as alignment properties, road slope, and earthwork. The results indicated that the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based DEM generation method provided the highest resolution (10 cm), followed by the Total Station (56 cm) and GNSS-GPS (61 cm) based methods. When comparing the time for data collection procedure, it took 14 minutes, 70 minutes, and 110 minutes for UAV data, GNSS-GPS data, and Total Station data, respectively. On the other hand, UAV based method falls into a disadvantageous situation in data processing stage, due to high data processing time (3 hours). However, GNSS-GPS and Total Station based methods work only with spatial point data, so they require less processing time of 15 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively. The results indicated that road lengths were 294.8, 272.4 and 282.1 m and the average road slopes were 3.41%, 3.39%, and 3.31% for the road sections designed by using UAV, GNSS-GPS, and Total Station based DEMs, respectively. The excavation and landfill volumes were 369.16 m3 and 166.98 m3, 285.86 m3 and 201.83 m3, and 433.17 m3 and 183.95 m3, respectively. The results indicated that UAV photogrammetry data generates high-resolution DEMs that can be effectively used to design forest roads.
{"title":"Assessment of Using UAV Photogrammetry Based DEM and Ground-Measurement Based DEM in Computer-Assisted Forest Road Design","authors":"I. Tas, Mehmet Sait Kaska, A. Akay","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1312514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1312514","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-assisted forest road design mainly relies on a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), which provides terrain data for supporting the analysis of road design features. The resolution and accuracy of the DEM in representing the terrain structures vary depending on the preferred dataset, which then reflects some of the essential road features such as alignment, road slope, and earthwork. In this study, three forest road sections were designed by using high-resolution DEMs generated from UAV photogrammetry data, GNSS-GPS data and Total Station data. NetCAD 7.6 software, developed in Turkey and mostly used in road design applications, was used to perform the road design while calculating horizontal profiles, vertical profiles, curves, cross sections, and earthwork. The DEM generation capabilities for three datasets were compared based on spatial resolution, data collection and data processing stage. Then, the differences between three road sections were evaluated by considering specified road features such as alignment properties, road slope, and earthwork. The results indicated that the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based DEM generation method provided the highest resolution (10 cm), followed by the Total Station (56 cm) and GNSS-GPS (61 cm) based methods. When comparing the time for data collection procedure, it took 14 minutes, 70 minutes, and 110 minutes for UAV data, GNSS-GPS data, and Total Station data, respectively. On the other hand, UAV based method falls into a disadvantageous situation in data processing stage, due to high data processing time (3 hours). However, GNSS-GPS and Total Station based methods work only with spatial point data, so they require less processing time of 15 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively. The results indicated that road lengths were 294.8, 272.4 and 282.1 m and the average road slopes were 3.41%, 3.39%, and 3.31% for the road sections designed by using UAV, GNSS-GPS, and Total Station based DEMs, respectively. The excavation and landfill volumes were 369.16 m3 and 166.98 m3, 285.86 m3 and 201.83 m3, and 433.17 m3 and 183.95 m3, respectively. The results indicated that UAV photogrammetry data generates high-resolution DEMs that can be effectively used to design forest roads.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70076390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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