Forest fires are one of the natural disasters that severely affect ecosystems, damage property and threat human life. An early warning system helps people respond to dangers promptly and appropriately. In the scope of this study, the forest fires occurred in Manavgat province of Antalya in Turkiye between 28 July 2021 and 6 August 2021 was analyzed using the meteorological early warning system (MEUS), which is developed by the Turkish State Meteorology Service. The performance of the model products was assessed and the association between the weather conditions in the region and the forest fire was evaluated. To examine the synoptic models, hourly meteorological data and MEUS warnings data were obtained two days before the Manavgat forest fire, and the probabilities generated by the meteorological variables that may be effective in the preparation of fire conditions in the region were evaluated in the study.
{"title":"Using Meteorological Early Warning System (MEUS) and Meteorological Indices for Assessment of Manavgat Forest Fires Occurred in Turkiye July-August 2021","authors":"Gülten Çamalan, Sercan Akil, M. Peki̇n","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1288070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1288070","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are one of the natural disasters that severely affect ecosystems, damage property and threat human life. An early warning system helps people respond to dangers promptly and appropriately. In the scope of this study, the forest fires occurred in Manavgat province of Antalya in Turkiye between 28 July 2021 and 6 August 2021 was analyzed using the meteorological early warning system (MEUS), which is developed by the Turkish State Meteorology Service. The performance of the model products was assessed and the association between the weather conditions in the region and the forest fire was evaluated. To examine the synoptic models, hourly meteorological data and MEUS warnings data were obtained two days before the Manavgat forest fire, and the probabilities generated by the meteorological variables that may be effective in the preparation of fire conditions in the region were evaluated in the study.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46071121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timber transport is one of the main components of woody supply chain, which causes high costs and considerable emissions depending on truck size, type, transport distance, and payload. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of Softwood plantations and regrowth hardwood native forests estimated that the most significant contributor to total greenhouse emissions per unit of wood production in softwood plantation was log haulage at 37%. For regrowth native hardwood forests, log transportation contributed 23% of greenhouse gas emissions. This research, built on existing literature, focused on how timber harvesting transportation costs and emissions to the environment can be reduced, specifically, the transport of the industrial timber logs from the Forest Stockpile to the processing facility or unloading points. The review summarized the data and highlighted that the efficiency and emissions data could be categorized into five themes: Higher Capacity Transportation (HCT), Road Networks & Surfaces, Logistics and Planning, Fleet Replacement, and Fuel efficiency technologies. Fuel efficiency improvements across these themes ranged from 3% to 43% within the reviewed case studies. Several studies researched the fuel efficiency of High Capacity Transport indicated that the fuel consumption in liters per ton kilometer was 8-11% lower in the 92-tonne combination HCT compared to a 72-tonne combination HCT due to the increased payload for High Capacity Transport. Road networks and the composition of the surfaces have been shown to have a strong correlation to emissions. Studies have shown a 16.7% increase in emissions from a network of predominantly highways to a higher proportion of Forrest and Gravel roads. Studies that included data on vehicle age found efficiency improvements of up to 26% when new vehicles’ fuel consumption was compared to older vehicles. Newer truck fleets incorporate newer technologies, with reports showing fuel consumption improvements of up to 43% with less than a two-year payback period.
{"title":"A short Literature Review on Sawlog and Pulpwood Transport Efficiency and Fuel Consumption","authors":"Riley Small, M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1315293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1315293","url":null,"abstract":"Timber transport is one of the main components of woody supply chain, which causes high costs and considerable emissions depending on truck size, type, transport distance, and payload. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of Softwood plantations and regrowth hardwood native forests estimated that the most significant contributor to total greenhouse emissions per unit of wood production in softwood plantation was log haulage at 37%. For regrowth native hardwood forests, log transportation contributed 23% of greenhouse gas emissions. This research, built on existing literature, focused on how timber harvesting transportation costs and emissions to the environment can be reduced, specifically, the transport of the industrial timber logs from the Forest Stockpile to the processing facility or unloading points. The review summarized the data and highlighted that the efficiency and emissions data could be categorized into five themes: Higher Capacity Transportation (HCT), Road Networks & Surfaces, Logistics and Planning, Fleet Replacement, and Fuel efficiency technologies. Fuel efficiency improvements across these themes ranged from 3% to 43% within the reviewed case studies. Several studies researched the fuel efficiency of High Capacity Transport indicated that the fuel consumption in liters per ton kilometer was 8-11% lower in the 92-tonne combination HCT compared to a 72-tonne combination HCT due to the increased payload for High Capacity Transport. Road networks and the composition of the surfaces have been shown to have a strong correlation to emissions. Studies have shown a 16.7% increase in emissions from a network of predominantly highways to a higher proportion of Forrest and Gravel roads. Studies that included data on vehicle age found efficiency improvements of up to 26% when new vehicles’ fuel consumption was compared to older vehicles. Newer truck fleets incorporate newer technologies, with reports showing fuel consumption improvements of up to 43% with less than a two-year payback period.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring of forests is important for the diagnosis of insect damage to vegetation. Detection and monitoring of damaged areas facilitates the control of pests for practitioners. For this purpose, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been recently used to detect damaged areas. In order to distinguish damage areas from healthy areas on UAV images, it is necessary to extract the feature parameters of the images. Therefore, feature extraction is an important step in Computer Aided Diagnosis of insect damage monitored with UAV images. By reducing the size of the UAV image data, it is possible to distinguish between damaged and healthy areas from the extracted features. The accuracy of the classification algorithm depends on the segmentation method and the extracted features. The Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) characterizes areas texture based on the number of pixel pairs with specific intensity values arranged in specific spatial relationships. In this paper, texture characteristics of insect damage areas were extracted from UAV images using with GLCM. The 3000*4000 resolution UAV images containing damaged and healthy larch trees were analyzed using Definiens Developer (e-Cognition software) for multiresolution segmentation to detect the damaged areas. In this analysis, scale parameters were applied as 500, shape 0.1, color 0.9 and compactness 0.5. As a result of segmentation, GLCM homogeneity, GLCM contrast and GLCM entropy texture parameters were calculated for each segment. When calculating the texturing parameters, neighborhoods in different angular directions (0,45,90,135) are taken into account. As a result of the calculations made by considering all directions, it was found that GLCM homogeneity values ranged between 0.08 - 0.2, GLCM contrast values ranged between 82.86 - 303.58 and GLCM entropy values ranged between 7.81 - 8.51. On the other hand, GLCM homogeneity for healthy areas varies between 0.05 - 0.08, GLCM contrast between 441.70 - 888.80 and GLCM entropy between 8.93 - 9.40. The study demonstrated that GLCM technique can be a reliable method to detection of insect damage areas from UAV imagery.
{"title":"Image Processing Techniques based Feature Extraction for Insect Damage Areas","authors":"Ece Alkan, A. Aydın","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1320121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1320121","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of forests is important for the diagnosis of insect damage to vegetation. Detection and monitoring of damaged areas facilitates the control of pests for practitioners. For this purpose, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been recently used to detect damaged areas. In order to distinguish damage areas from healthy areas on UAV images, it is necessary to extract the feature parameters of the images. Therefore, feature extraction is an important step in Computer Aided Diagnosis of insect damage monitored with UAV images. By reducing the size of the UAV image data, it is possible to distinguish between damaged and healthy areas from the extracted features. The accuracy of the classification algorithm depends on the segmentation method and the extracted features. The Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) characterizes areas texture based on the number of pixel pairs with specific intensity values arranged in specific spatial relationships. In this paper, texture characteristics of insect damage areas were extracted from UAV images using with GLCM. The 3000*4000 resolution UAV images containing damaged and healthy larch trees were analyzed using Definiens Developer (e-Cognition software) for multiresolution segmentation to detect the damaged areas. In this analysis, scale parameters were applied as 500, shape 0.1, color 0.9 and compactness 0.5. As a result of segmentation, GLCM homogeneity, GLCM contrast and GLCM entropy texture parameters were calculated for each segment. When calculating the texturing parameters, neighborhoods in different angular directions (0,45,90,135) are taken into account. As a result of the calculations made by considering all directions, it was found that GLCM homogeneity values ranged between 0.08 - 0.2, GLCM contrast values ranged between 82.86 - 303.58 and GLCM entropy values ranged between 7.81 - 8.51. On the other hand, GLCM homogeneity for healthy areas varies between 0.05 - 0.08, GLCM contrast between 441.70 - 888.80 and GLCM entropy between 8.93 - 9.40. The study demonstrated that GLCM technique can be a reliable method to detection of insect damage areas from UAV imagery.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sercan GÜLCİ, Temel SARIYILDIZ, Abdullah Emin AKAY
The term "cutting residue" is a widely used term in Turkey, which refers to the leftover pieces of logs in the forest after cutting, except for the logs. As of yet, there is no specific expression and explanation for the term "slash" in Turkish forestry. Turkey carries out intensive forestry activities based on industrial wood production, primarily in mature stands and damaged after disasters such as fire or storm fall. Products that do not carry industrial woodiness in the stand, such as branches, roots, and tips that are not suitable for industrial production, are considered firewood and used for energy production or left in the stand. As a result, it is observed that the collected cutting residues from the fields that are sufficient in terms of benefit and cost is burned to generate electricity in electricity generation stations. Due to the demand for forest-based wood raw materials in recent years, some domestic companies have begun converting thick branches into industrial products such as paper and chipboard production. Additionally, some studies have been conducted to reduce transportation costs in bringing cutting residues to the economy, focusing on the storage and processing of forest cutting residues on the landing sites. In this regard, small-scale chipping machines have been produced by the domestic industry. Therefore, slash disposal and mechanization have a very limited place in Turkish forestry. Decision makers need to prepare action plans in this regard and provide support to joint research projects with academic units.
{"title":"The Current Status of Forest Residues and Disposal Machinery in Turkiye","authors":"Sercan GÜLCİ, Temel SARIYILDIZ, Abdullah Emin AKAY","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1316019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1316019","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"cutting residue\" is a widely used term in Turkey, which refers to the leftover pieces of logs in the forest after cutting, except for the logs. As of yet, there is no specific expression and explanation for the term \"slash\" in Turkish forestry. Turkey carries out intensive forestry activities based on industrial wood production, primarily in mature stands and damaged after disasters such as fire or storm fall. Products that do not carry industrial woodiness in the stand, such as branches, roots, and tips that are not suitable for industrial production, are considered firewood and used for energy production or left in the stand. As a result, it is observed that the collected cutting residues from the fields that are sufficient in terms of benefit and cost is burned to generate electricity in electricity generation stations. Due to the demand for forest-based wood raw materials in recent years, some domestic companies have begun converting thick branches into industrial products such as paper and chipboard production. Additionally, some studies have been conducted to reduce transportation costs in bringing cutting residues to the economy, focusing on the storage and processing of forest cutting residues on the landing sites. In this regard, small-scale chipping machines have been produced by the domestic industry. Therefore, slash disposal and mechanization have a very limited place in Turkish forestry. Decision makers need to prepare action plans in this regard and provide support to joint research projects with academic units.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forest fire is one of the greatest environmental disasters in forest ecosystems. In order to effectively fight against forest fires, the ground team needs to access fire areas immediately and start firefighting within critical response time. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the forest areas where the ground team can reach in critical response time. In this study, the GIS-based network analysis method was used to evaluate the capabilities of the ground team to arrive at forest areas promptly, considering the forested areas in Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the solution process, the effectiveness of establishing new fire stations (20) was evaluated by comparing the results obtained in the case where only the former stations (12) were taken into account. The optimal route and associated response times of firefighting teams to potential fire areas were generated considering the previously occurred forest fires (58 fires) in the region. The results indicated that about 18% of the forested areas were accessible considering the former fire station while accessible forest areas increased up to 45% considering the new stations. When analyzing the previously occurred forest fires, it was found that 33 fires were reached in the critical response time considering former fire stations. On the other hand, the accessible forest fires increased up to 56 fires for the case of new fire stations in the region.
{"title":"Using GIS-based Network Analysis to Evaluate the Accessible Forest Areas Considering Forest Fires: The Case of Sarajevo","authors":"D. Sokolovi̇c, M. Bajrić, A. Akay","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1211687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1211687","url":null,"abstract":"The forest fire is one of the greatest environmental disasters in forest ecosystems. In order to effectively fight against forest fires, the ground team needs to access fire areas immediately and start firefighting within critical response time. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the forest areas where the ground team can reach in critical response time. In this study, the GIS-based network analysis method was used to evaluate the capabilities of the ground team to arrive at forest areas promptly, considering the forested areas in Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the solution process, the effectiveness of establishing new fire stations (20) was evaluated by comparing the results obtained in the case where only the former stations (12) were taken into account. The optimal route and associated response times of firefighting teams to potential fire areas were generated considering the previously occurred forest fires (58 fires) in the region. The results indicated that about 18% of the forested areas were accessible considering the former fire station while accessible forest areas increased up to 45% considering the new stations. When analyzing the previously occurred forest fires, it was found that 33 fires were reached in the critical response time considering former fire stations. On the other hand, the accessible forest fires increased up to 56 fires for the case of new fire stations in the region.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46284978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bark of logs from coniferous trees is mostly debarked in the stand or roadside. In recent time chainsaw mounted debarking apparatus (C-debarker), axe, and a new tool that is brushcutter mounted debarking apparatus (B-debarker) have been used for peeling barks in-stand. At the terminal points, storages, and mills industrial debarking machines have been operated for debarking of timber, as well. Debarking treatments is very time-consuming work phase within total time for unit of wood procurement. In order to save operation time and to minimize unit costs, the logging operators have difficulty deciding on suitable tools for debarking. The purpose of this study is to determine a procedure to help select the appropriate tool in-stand debarking of timber logs. In addition to the axe and C-debarker, which are traditionally used in debarking; the recently developed peeling tool B-debarker has been determined as the tools to be compared in terms of various criteria. In multi-criteria analysis, in order to enable the description of the appropriate tool, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. The criteria set are based on technically appropriate, economically viable, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable debarking tool and operation. While the application potential of C-debarker is high level in terms of operational efficiency, the advantages of B-debarker in terms of ergonomics stand out, on the other hand, it has been determined that the axe is a preferable tool in terms of ease of use and accessibility.
{"title":"Determining the Appropriate Tool for In-Stand Debarking with Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"M. Eker","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1216881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1216881","url":null,"abstract":"The bark of logs from coniferous trees is mostly debarked in the stand or roadside. In recent time chainsaw mounted debarking apparatus (C-debarker), axe, and a new tool that is brushcutter mounted debarking apparatus (B-debarker) have been used for peeling barks in-stand. At the terminal points, storages, and mills industrial debarking machines have been operated for debarking of timber, as well. Debarking treatments is very time-consuming work phase within total time for unit of wood procurement. In order to save operation time and to minimize unit costs, the logging operators have difficulty deciding on suitable tools for debarking. The purpose of this study is to determine a procedure to help select the appropriate tool in-stand debarking of timber logs. In addition to the axe and C-debarker, which are traditionally used in debarking; the recently developed peeling tool B-debarker has been determined as the tools to be compared in terms of various criteria. In multi-criteria analysis, in order to enable the description of the appropriate tool, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. The criteria set are based on technically appropriate, economically viable, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable debarking tool and operation. While the application potential of C-debarker is high level in terms of operational efficiency, the advantages of B-debarker in terms of ergonomics stand out, on the other hand, it has been determined that the axe is a preferable tool in terms of ease of use and accessibility.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49626301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The deterioration of the surface of forest roads is an important factor affecting the safe navigation of vehicles and traffic safety. In addition to traditional methods, automated methods are also used to determine the deterioration of the road surface. UAV systems, which are among the automated methods, are widely used to determine surface deformations with high accuracy. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of two different flight modes of UAV, i.e. autonomous flight and manual flight in mapping road surface deformations. Within the scope of this study, Kardüz Forest Management Chief (Düzce / Turkey), 50-meter section of the Type B forest road was selected. In the study, starting from the pros and cons of the autonomous and manual flight data acquisition process, the outputs obtained as a result of photogrammetric processing of the data, has been compared in terms of features such as data size, with precision and accuracy. In addition, the deformation status of the zones created within the road surface was determined in both flight methods by taking advantage of the average Z value differences. As a result of the study, the number of images taken from manual flights was found to be 5.5 times higher than autonomous flights and the flight time was 4 times higher. The average ground sampling distance of the orthophotos produced from flight images provided 7 times higher resolution in manual flights compared to autonomous flights. When manual flights and autonomous flights are evaluated in terms of reducing the shadow effect, manual flights can be considered as more advantageous. Furthermore, it was found that the dynamic mobility of erosion and accumulation on the road surface continued in time series in both flight methods.
{"title":"Comparison of Autonomous and Manual UAV Flights in Determining Forest Road Surface Deformations","authors":"Yılmaz Türk, A. Aydın, R. Eker","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1206846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1206846","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of the surface of forest roads is an important factor affecting the safe navigation of vehicles and traffic safety. In addition to traditional methods, automated methods are also used to determine the deterioration of the road surface. UAV systems, which are among the automated methods, are widely used to determine surface deformations with high accuracy. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of two different flight modes of UAV, i.e. autonomous flight and manual flight in mapping road surface deformations. Within the scope of this study, Kardüz Forest Management Chief (Düzce / Turkey), 50-meter section of the Type B forest road was selected. In the study, starting from the pros and cons of the autonomous and manual flight data acquisition process, the outputs obtained as a result of photogrammetric processing of the data, has been compared in terms of features such as data size, with precision and accuracy. In addition, the deformation status of the zones created within the road surface was determined in both flight methods by taking advantage of the average Z value differences. As a result of the study, the number of images taken from manual flights was found to be 5.5 times higher than autonomous flights and the flight time was 4 times higher. The average ground sampling distance of the orthophotos produced from flight images provided 7 times higher resolution in manual flights compared to autonomous flights. When manual flights and autonomous flights are evaluated in terms of reducing the shadow effect, manual flights can be considered as more advantageous. Furthermore, it was found that the dynamic mobility of erosion and accumulation on the road surface continued in time series in both flight methods.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pankratov, Andrey Ebel, S. Zalesov, E. Nysanbayev, A. Rakhimzhanov
The creation of artificial plantings in the conditions of the kovylno-tipchak steppe makes it possible to form long-lasting high-density and productive plantings, however, despite the accumulated knowledge, the rate of afforestation of the steppe is hindered by the fleeting or delayed death of plantings due to the effects of droughts. Fast-growing young trees become especially vulnerable in areas with deep groundwaters. The study was conducted in green zone of Nur-Sultan, the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main value of the forests of the region lies in the creation of environmentally favorable environmental conditions, their performance of recreational, aesthetic, soil protection, erosion control, water protection, climate control and water regulation functions. Work on the study of the impact of care felling on plantings of various formations in the green zone of the city of Nursultan has not been carried out before, which determines the scientific novelty of the project.
{"title":"Influence of felling cutting on decorativeness and vitality of maple (Acer negundo L.), elm (Ulmus pumila L.), willow (Salix alba L.) and loch narrow-leaved (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) young trees under dry steppe conditions","authors":"V. Pankratov, Andrey Ebel, S. Zalesov, E. Nysanbayev, A. Rakhimzhanov","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1185030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1185030","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of artificial plantings in the conditions of the kovylno-tipchak steppe makes it possible to form long-lasting high-density and productive plantings, however, despite the accumulated knowledge, the rate of afforestation of the steppe is hindered by the fleeting or delayed death of plantings due to the effects of droughts. Fast-growing young trees become especially vulnerable in areas with deep groundwaters. \u0000The study was conducted in green zone of Nur-Sultan, the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main value of the forests of the region lies in the creation of environmentally favorable environmental conditions, their performance of recreational, aesthetic, soil protection, erosion control, water protection, climate control and water regulation functions. \u0000Work on the study of the impact of care felling on plantings of various formations in the green zone of the city of Nursultan has not been carried out before, which determines the scientific novelty of the project.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ergonomics, which is also known as Human Engineering or Human Factors Engineering, is a discipline allowing a working design in accordance with individuals’ anthropometric (bodily) size, physical strength, and personal characteristics by considering the relationships between individuals and other actors in the system. Specifically, one of the main principles of ergonomics is that individuals should be in harmony with and adaptable to the environment. In working environments where ergonomic principles are not applied, the equipment, machinery, and tools are generally designed without considering the different anthropometric characteristics of people. Hence, employees have to exhibit incorrect working postures in order to adapt to those conditions. It causes a decrease in productivity, loss of labor force, lack of motivation, and musculoskeletal system disorders. It is obvious that such negative outcomes would increase unless the necessary ergonomic arrangements are done. Carried out in 7 different workstations of a furniture manufacturing factory, the present study aims to analyze the postures of workers, determine the points they have difficulty and to what extent they have difficulty (the level of risk), and bring the workplace conditions in compliance with the workers’ necessities through improvement arrangements about how they can avoid the ergonomic risks and dangers they face. Within the scope of this study, the data consisting of the photos of workers were used. Contrary to the previous studies incorporating estimation-based risk analyses, the present study employs uMED Ergonomics software in analyzing the angles of body parts and clearly revealing the workers’ postures. Ergonomic risk analysis was performed using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method, one of the risk assessment methods. It was determined that the posture modifications and some ergonomic improvements significantly reduced the risk level.
{"title":"Computer-Assisted Ergonomic Analysis of Working Postures Causing Strain","authors":"Tuna Emir, T. Varol, H. Özel","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1188547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1188547","url":null,"abstract":"Ergonomics, which is also known as Human Engineering or Human Factors Engineering, is a discipline allowing a working design in accordance with individuals’ anthropometric (bodily) size, physical strength, and personal characteristics by considering the relationships between individuals and other actors in the system. Specifically, one of the main principles of ergonomics is that individuals should be in harmony with and adaptable to the environment. In working environments where ergonomic principles are not applied, the equipment, machinery, and tools are generally designed without considering the different anthropometric characteristics of people. Hence, employees have to exhibit incorrect working postures in order to adapt to those conditions. It causes a decrease in productivity, loss of labor force, lack of motivation, and musculoskeletal system disorders. It is obvious that such negative outcomes would increase unless the necessary ergonomic arrangements are done. \u0000Carried out in 7 different workstations of a furniture manufacturing factory, the present study aims to analyze the postures of workers, determine the points they have difficulty and to what extent they have difficulty (the level of risk), and bring the workplace conditions in compliance with the workers’ necessities through improvement arrangements about how they can avoid the ergonomic risks and dangers they face. Within the scope of this study, the data consisting of the photos of workers were used. Contrary to the previous studies incorporating estimation-based risk analyses, the present study employs uMED Ergonomics software in analyzing the angles of body parts and clearly revealing the workers’ postures. Ergonomic risk analysis was performed using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method, one of the risk assessment methods. It was determined that the posture modifications and some ergonomic improvements significantly reduced the risk level.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42491241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two of the very basic forestry parameters, the Breast Height Diameter (DBH) and Tree Height (TH) are very effective when characterizing forest stands and individual trees. The traditional measurement process of these parameters takes a lot of time and consumes human power. However, because of the development of PC power and digital storage in recent years, 3D Point Cloud (PC) gains quickly provide a very detailed view of forestry parameters. PC data sources include Airborne LiDAR Systems (ALS), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and finally, the Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) for forestry applications. In this study, the PC datasets from these sources were used to study the feasibility of the DBH and TH values of a D-stage oak stand. The DBH and TH estimates are compared with the onsite measurements, which are considered to be fundamental truths, to their performance due to overall error statistics, as well as the cost of calculation and the difficulties in data collection. The results show that the computer data obtained by TLS has the best average square error (0.22 cm for DBH and 0,051 m for TH) compared to other computer data. The size of Pearson correlation between TLS-based and on-site-based measurements has reached 0.97 and 0.99 for DBH, respectively.
{"title":"Point Cloud Data from Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Aerial LiDAR Data: Estimations of Forest Stand Parameters in Open Forest Stand","authors":"A. E. Arslan, M. Inan, M. F. Celik, E. Erten","doi":"10.33904/ejfe.1174123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1174123","url":null,"abstract":"Two of the very basic forestry parameters, the Breast Height Diameter (DBH) and Tree Height (TH) are very effective when characterizing forest stands and individual trees. The traditional measurement process of these parameters takes a lot of time and consumes human power. However, because of the development of PC power and digital storage in recent years, 3D Point Cloud (PC) gains quickly provide a very detailed view of forestry parameters. PC data sources include Airborne LiDAR Systems (ALS), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and finally, the Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) for forestry applications. In this study, the PC datasets from these sources were used to study the feasibility of the DBH and TH values of a D-stage oak stand. The DBH and TH estimates are compared with the onsite measurements, which are considered to be fundamental truths, to their performance due to overall error statistics, as well as the cost of calculation and the difficulties in data collection. The results show that the computer data obtained by TLS has the best average square error (0.22 cm for DBH and 0,051 m for TH) compared to other computer data. The size of Pearson correlation between TLS-based and on-site-based measurements has reached 0.97 and 0.99 for DBH, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36173,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49092553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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