High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a popular activity that combines high effort and compound exercises. Many women aged 20 to 40 who are expected to become pregnant soon are also fond on it. HIFT is an activity in which the heart rate increases significantly, there is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, free weights are also used. There is poor evidence of HIFT and its effect on pregnancy or childbirth. The subject of this case study was a healthy woman (31 years old) who has long term experience with HIFT. The aim of the study was to analyze training regime (length, intensity, heart rate) and number of steps in the period from the 1st to the 38th week. The effect on the health of the mother and the fetus, the delivery and the birth weight were monitored. The findings show that with an optimally set training program, HIFT can be a safe activity that has no adverse effect on pregnancy, fetal health or childbirth. This is the first such study, so further research is needed.
{"title":"High-Intensity Functional Training in Pregnancy: A Case Study","authors":"P. Schlegel","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is a popular activity that combines high effort and compound exercises. Many women aged 20 to 40 who are expected to become pregnant soon are also fond on it. HIFT is an activity in which the heart rate increases significantly, there is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, free weights are also used. There is poor evidence of HIFT and its effect on pregnancy or childbirth. The subject of this case study was a healthy woman (31 years old) who has long term experience with HIFT. The aim of the study was to analyze training regime (length, intensity, heart rate) and number of steps in the period from the 1st to the 38th week. The effect on the health of the mother and the fetus, the delivery and the birth weight were monitored. The findings show that with an optimally set training program, HIFT can be a safe activity that has no adverse effect on pregnancy, fetal health or childbirth. This is the first such study, so further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Miguel Vegara-Ferri, Sanela Škorić, J. María López-Gullón, Marina Rueda, Salvador Angosto
The objective of this study is to carry out a qualitative analysis of the ratings of tourists and residents attending the road cycling sporting event "La Vuelta" held in Spain in 2019, 2020 and 2021 editions. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,203 comments/observations from tourists and residents in the in situ and post-event phase of each edition. For this qualitative analysis, an open question was used at the end of a quantitative questionnaire on social and tourism impact. Once each comment had been categorised, a summary was made of the responses and frequencies of each idea according to each category, positive and negative comments and the words most used in each type of comment. Nvivo v.10 software (QSR International, Burlington, MA 01803, USA) was used to analyse the comments and frequencies of each idea. Results: Most of the positive comments focus on the positive feelings and emotions generated by attending the event (emotion or enjoyment; 12.4%), great experience (14.8%), atmosphere of the event (10.4%), good organisation of the event (12.1%) and future intentions to return and recommend the event (7.4%). Negative comments mainly refer to the COVID-19 pandemic (11.8%), the advertising caravan (7.4%) and traffic and parking problems (5.9% of comments). Among the words associated with negative comments, the word "advertising caravan" stands out, while the most used words in positive reviews were "experience" and "emotion". Conclusion: Most of the positive comments focus on positive feelings and emotions generated by attending the event (emotion or enjoyment) and the great experience and atmosphere surrounding the sporting event. In the 2020 edition, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the event, although parking problems and traffic congestion are the worst-rated categories.
本研究的目的是对参加2019年、2020年和2021年在西班牙举行的公路自行车运动赛事“环法自行车赛”的游客和居民的评分进行定性分析。方法:样本包括1203个来自游客和居民的评论/观察，每个版本的现场和事后阶段。对于这一定性分析，在关于社会和旅游影响的定量问卷的最后使用了一个开放问题。一旦每个评论被分类，根据每个类别，积极的和消极的评论以及每种评论中最常用的单词，对每个想法的回应和频率进行总结。使用Nvivo v.10软件(QSR International, Burlington, MA 01803, USA)分析每个想法的评论和频率。结果:大多数积极评价集中在参加活动所产生的积极感受和情绪上(情感或享受;12.4%)、良好的体验(14.8%)、活动氛围(10.4%)、良好的活动组织(12.1%)以及将来会再次光顾和推荐活动的意向(7.4%)。负面评论主要涉及新冠肺炎疫情(11.8%)、广告大篷车(7.4%)和交通和停车问题(5.9%)。在与负面评论相关的词汇中，“广告车队”一词尤为突出，而在正面评论中使用最多的词汇是“体验”和“情感”。结论:大多数积极的评论都集中在积极的感受和情绪上(情感或享受)，以及围绕体育赛事的良好体验和氛围。在2020年的版本中，尽管停车问题和交通拥堵是评分最差的类别，但COVID-19大流行对赛事产生了负面影响。
{"title":"Opinion of the Spectators of a Grand Tour in Spain: A Qualitative Analysis","authors":"J. Miguel Vegara-Ferri, Sanela Škorić, J. María López-Gullón, Marina Rueda, Salvador Angosto","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-24","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to carry out a qualitative analysis of the ratings of tourists and residents attending the road cycling sporting event \"La Vuelta\" held in Spain in 2019, 2020 and 2021 editions. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,203 comments/observations from tourists and residents in the in situ and post-event phase of each edition. For this qualitative analysis, an open question was used at the end of a quantitative questionnaire on social and tourism impact. Once each comment had been categorised, a summary was made of the responses and frequencies of each idea according to each category, positive and negative comments and the words most used in each type of comment. Nvivo v.10 software (QSR International, Burlington, MA 01803, USA) was used to analyse the comments and frequencies of each idea. Results: Most of the positive comments focus on the positive feelings and emotions generated by attending the event (emotion or enjoyment; 12.4%), great experience (14.8%), atmosphere of the event (10.4%), good organisation of the event (12.1%) and future intentions to return and recommend the event (7.4%). Negative comments mainly refer to the COVID-19 pandemic (11.8%), the advertising caravan (7.4%) and traffic and parking problems (5.9% of comments). Among the words associated with negative comments, the word \"advertising caravan\" stands out, while the most used words in positive reviews were \"experience\" and \"emotion\". Conclusion: Most of the positive comments focus on positive feelings and emotions generated by attending the event (emotion or enjoyment) and the great experience and atmosphere surrounding the sporting event. In the 2020 edition, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the event, although parking problems and traffic congestion are the worst-rated categories.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47169306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ice hockey is a very popular sport in the Czech Republic. Nowadays, hockey player efficiency analysis is a useful tool that helps sports managers with player selection, team composition and team performance evaluation. The literature offers only a limited number of scientific studies that deal with the evaluation of the efficiency of hockey players or clubs. The aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to help Czech hockey clubs, managers and coaches to evaluate the efficiency of their players. This research evaluates the technical efficiency of Czech hockey players using three data envelopment analysis models, ranks the best players based on their super-efficiency scores, and then tries to uncover the main sources of player inefficiency. The models are empirically applied to players playing in the Tipsport extraliga in the 2021/22 season. The evaluation used in this paper attempts to incorporate greater objectivity into decision making and thus may be an important step in developing a systematic methodology for evaluating hockey players.
{"title":"Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Hockey Players: Empirical Evidence from Czech Hockey Competition","authors":"N. Pelloneová","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-23","url":null,"abstract":"Ice hockey is a very popular sport in the Czech Republic. Nowadays, hockey player efficiency analysis is a useful tool that helps sports managers with player selection, team composition and team performance evaluation. The literature offers only a limited number of scientific studies that deal with the evaluation of the efficiency of hockey players or clubs. The aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to help Czech hockey clubs, managers and coaches to evaluate the efficiency of their players. This research evaluates the technical efficiency of Czech hockey players using three data envelopment analysis models, ranks the best players based on their super-efficiency scores, and then tries to uncover the main sources of player inefficiency. The models are empirically applied to players playing in the Tipsport extraliga in the 2021/22 season. The evaluation used in this paper attempts to incorporate greater objectivity into decision making and thus may be an important step in developing a systematic methodology for evaluating hockey players.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer and its treatment itself (especially chemotherapy) is associated with number of negative effects on the human body. These include mainly cardiac toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, bone loss, depression, anxiety, nausea, pain, cognitive changes, fatigue, fitness reduction and more. Fatigue is one of the most common negative effects, often persists long after treatment and is described as insurmountable and is associated with lower parasympathetic activity. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the main homeostatic regulatory system of the body, it regulates involuntary physiological processes. We believe that this part of the peripheral nervous system can be negatively affected by cancer and chemotherapy, which can have a negative impact on all the processes that control this system. Most drugs used in oncology lead to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and are expected to have an influence on the autonomic nervous system. Activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system depend on a range of dynamically changing and quantitatively different conditions such as age, stress, physical activity, sleep, illness, fatigue and more. Methods: To evaluate ANS activity, spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed. During treatment, 19 oncological patients with prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy measured HRV 3 times a week using a chest strap with a HRV monitor mySASY and mySASY software. Parasympathetic activity (PA), sympathetic activity (S), total score (TS) and total power (TP) were selected as indicators of ANS activity. The patients were women aged 50.38 ± 10,29 with BMI 25,72 ± 4,16. The mean values for the first 14 days of treatment and then for 14 days after 12 weeks of treatment were compared. Data normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) and static significance was calculated by t-test. All statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant decrease in values for three parameters. The PA decreased from 3,80 ± 1,56 to 3,14 ± 1,67 (p = .03), TP decreased from 3,65 ± 1,87 to 2,82 ± 2,08 (p = .04), TS decreased from 3,40 ± 1,67 to 2,67 ± 1,73 (p = .01). Sympathetic activity was somewhat but not significantly higher, increased from 6,74 ± 1,22 to 6,80 ± 1,44 (p = .83). Conclusion: During the 12 weeks of treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy, there was a significant reduction in parasympathetic activity, total score, and total power. A decrease in PA is usually associated with lower regenerative abilities of the organism, a decrease in TP is associated with a decrease in the activity of the entire ANS. TS evaluates the total power and balance of both ANS branches. The higher the values, the more the body is regenerated and ready for further stress and response to stress.
{"title":"Impact of Cancer and 12 Weeks of Chemotherapy on the Balance of the Autonomic Nervous System in Cancer Patients","authors":"Pavlina Bazalova, K. Kapounková, I. Kiss","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-26","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer and its treatment itself (especially chemotherapy) is associated with number of negative effects on the human body. These include mainly cardiac toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, bone loss, depression, anxiety, nausea, pain, cognitive changes, fatigue, fitness reduction and more. Fatigue is one of the most common negative effects, often persists long after treatment and is described as insurmountable and is associated with lower parasympathetic activity. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the main homeostatic regulatory system of the body, it regulates involuntary physiological processes. We believe that this part of the peripheral nervous system can be negatively affected by cancer and chemotherapy, which can have a negative impact on all the processes that control this system. Most drugs used in oncology lead to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and are expected to have an influence on the autonomic nervous system. Activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system depend on a range of dynamically changing and quantitatively different conditions such as age, stress, physical activity, sleep, illness, fatigue and more. Methods: To evaluate ANS activity, spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed. During treatment, 19 oncological patients with prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy measured HRV 3 times a week using a chest strap with a HRV monitor mySASY and mySASY software. Parasympathetic activity (PA), sympathetic activity (S), total score (TS) and total power (TP) were selected as indicators of ANS activity. The patients were women aged 50.38 ± 10,29 with BMI 25,72 ± 4,16. The mean values for the first 14 days of treatment and then for 14 days after 12 weeks of treatment were compared. Data normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) and static significance was calculated by t-test. All statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant decrease in values for three parameters. The PA decreased from 3,80 ± 1,56 to 3,14 ± 1,67 (p = .03), TP decreased from 3,65 ± 1,87 to 2,82 ± 2,08 (p = .04), TS decreased from 3,40 ± 1,67 to 2,67 ± 1,73 (p = .01). Sympathetic activity was somewhat but not significantly higher, increased from 6,74 ± 1,22 to 6,80 ± 1,44 (p = .83). Conclusion: During the 12 weeks of treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy, there was a significant reduction in parasympathetic activity, total score, and total power. A decrease in PA is usually associated with lower regenerative abilities of the organism, a decrease in TP is associated with a decrease in the activity of the entire ANS. TS evaluates the total power and balance of both ANS branches. The higher the values, the more the body is regenerated and ready for further stress and response to stress.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agricola, I. Růžička, A. Křehký, K. Růžičková, Vojtěch Nalevanko, Stephanie Walterová
Motor fitness is seen as a prerequisite for efficient physical functioning of the body and contributes to an active lifestyle. The aim of the research was to use 4 motor tests (standing long jump; sit-up test; 4x10 m shuttle run; Leger test /Beep test/) (1) to assess the level of motor fitness in comparison with UNIFITTEST, (2) to assess the significance of the difference in performance between the sexes, and (3) to assess the current status of the mean values of body height (BH) and body weight (BW) with the values of the National Institute of Public Health’s National Anthropological Research (NIPH’s NAR), in CZ: Celostátní antropologický výzkum (CAV) Státního zdravotního ústavu (SZÚ). Testing was conducted among 2nd grade primary school students (boys: n=129; girls n=99) in the Hradec Králové and Pardubice Regions. Comparison with the UNIFITTEST values for boys showed average performance in the sit-up test, below-average performance in the standing long jump, 4x10 m shuttle run and Leger tests. For girls, the comparison showed average performance in the sit-up test, below-average performance in the standing long jump and 4x10 m shuttle run tests, and significantly below-average performance in the Leger test. The results of the statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, T-test, effect size) showed a significant difference between sexes only in the case of 4x10m run test (p=0.018); the magnitude of substantive significance (Cohen's d) was between small and medium effect (d=0.321). Comparison of the mean BH and BW values of the pupils with the NIPH’s NAR values showed that the pupils tested by us achieved lower BH and higher BW than the NIPH’s NAR values: boys 131.5cm (NIPH’s NAR) x 127cm; 27kg (NIPH’s NAR) x 29.2kg, girls 130cm (NIPH’s NAR) x 125.5cm; 27kg (NIPH’s NAR) x 27.7kg.
{"title":"Diagnostics of Motor Abilities in Primary School Pupils in the Hradec Králové and Pardubice Regions","authors":"A. Agricola, I. Růžička, A. Křehký, K. Růžičková, Vojtěch Nalevanko, Stephanie Walterová","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-16","url":null,"abstract":"Motor fitness is seen as a prerequisite for efficient physical functioning of the body and contributes to an active lifestyle. The aim of the research was to use 4 motor tests (standing long jump; sit-up test; 4x10 m shuttle run; Leger test /Beep test/) (1) to assess the level of motor fitness in comparison with UNIFITTEST, (2) to assess the significance of the difference in performance between the sexes, and (3) to assess the current status of the mean values of body height (BH) and body weight (BW) with the values of the National Institute of Public Health’s National Anthropological Research (NIPH’s NAR), in CZ: Celostátní antropologický výzkum (CAV) Státního zdravotního ústavu (SZÚ). Testing was conducted among 2nd grade primary school students (boys: n=129; girls n=99) in the Hradec Králové and Pardubice Regions. \u0000Comparison with the UNIFITTEST values for boys showed average performance in the sit-up test, below-average performance in the standing long jump, 4x10 m shuttle run and Leger tests. For girls, the comparison showed average performance in the sit-up test, below-average performance in the standing long jump and 4x10 m shuttle run tests, and significantly below-average performance in the Leger test. The results of the statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, T-test, effect size) showed a significant difference between sexes only in the case of 4x10m run test (p=0.018); the magnitude of substantive significance (Cohen's d) was between small and medium effect (d=0.321). Comparison of the mean BH and BW values of the pupils with the NIPH’s NAR values showed that the pupils tested by us achieved lower BH and higher BW than the NIPH’s NAR values: boys 131.5cm (NIPH’s NAR) x 127cm; 27kg (NIPH’s NAR) x 29.2kg, girls 130cm (NIPH’s NAR) x 125.5cm; 27kg (NIPH’s NAR) x 27.7kg.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies investigated the situational efficiency parameters at tennis matches in the men's and women's competition at previous Rolland Garros tournaments. The aim of this study was to determine if there are differences in the situational efficiency parameters between winners and losers in the women's main draw competition at Roland Garros 2022. This study included 125 main draw matches. Differences in performance were analysed across 7 situational efficiency variables: aces, double faults, 1st serve average speed, 2nd serve average speed, winners, unforced errors and forced errors. The results showed significant differences between winners and losers with the following parameters on the winners’ side: number of aces per match (2.40/1.63; p = 0.03), winners (24.83/19.37; p = 0.00), unforced errors (23.80/29.13; p = 0.00) and forced errors (19.71/23.64; p = 0.00). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in double faults, 1st serve average speed and 2nd serve average speed. More aces of winners can indicate better service accuracy and variability, as there is no significant difference in service speed. Also, a more successful start of a point can positively affect the early dominance in the point rally and easier achieving of winners. In addition to all the above, it is notable that more successful tennis players, as well as having more winners, record less unforced and forced errors. The information obtained should be used by tennis coaches in planning trainings and preparing matches in order for their tennis players to achieve maximum results. Keywords: tennis, efficiency, match statistics
{"title":"Differences in the Situational Parameters of Tennis Matches Between Winners and Losers in the Women’s Main Draw Competition at ROLAND GARROS 2022","authors":"Zlatan Bilić","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies investigated the situational efficiency parameters at tennis matches in the men's and women's competition at previous Rolland Garros tournaments. The aim of this study was to determine if there are differences in the situational efficiency parameters between winners and losers in the women's main draw competition at Roland Garros 2022. This study included 125 main draw matches. Differences in performance were analysed across 7 situational efficiency variables: aces, double faults, 1st serve average speed, 2nd serve average speed, winners, unforced errors and forced errors. The results showed significant differences between winners and losers with the following parameters on the winners’ side: number of aces per match (2.40/1.63; p = 0.03), winners (24.83/19.37; p = 0.00), unforced errors (23.80/29.13; p = 0.00) and forced errors (19.71/23.64; p = 0.00). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in double faults, 1st serve average speed and 2nd serve average speed. More aces of winners can indicate better service accuracy and variability, as there is no significant difference in service speed. Also, a more successful start of a point can positively affect the early dominance in the point rally and easier achieving of winners. In addition to all the above, it is notable that more successful tennis players, as well as having more winners, record less unforced and forced errors. The information obtained should be used by tennis coaches in planning trainings and preparing matches in order for their tennis players to achieve maximum results. \u0000Keywords: tennis, efficiency, match statistics","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44063195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the creativity and tactical skill levels of the athletes (n=259) who actively continued their sports life in handball in Turkey in the 2020-2021 season. In order to determine athlete’s creativity levels, we used the “Creativity Questionnaire for Athletes” and for tactical skills, we used the “Tactical Skills Questionnaire for Sports”. We examined the relationships between these two dependent variables and the independent variables of gender, sports age and league category. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the creativity level of the athletes was predicted by tactical skills at a level of approximately 74%. In terms of the variable of the handball players' years of playing handball, a low positive correlation was found in the sub-dimensions of the Tactical Skills Questionnaire. This relationship is statistically significant in other sub-dimensions, except for the Knowledge of Ball Movements sub-dimension of the Tactical Skills Questionnaire. The same variable was examined in terms of the creativity level and a low level of positive correlation was found. This relationship was found to be statistically significant. Appropriate training settings and environments should be designed in order to develop the creativity skills of the athletes. The similarity of the training environment to real competition conditions can greatly contribute to the development and use of creativity and tactical skills in sports. Key Words: Creativity, Tactical skills, Handball.
{"title":"Creativity and Tactical Skill Profiles of Handball Players","authors":"Yasin Unvanli, Ekrem Levent İlhan, H. Válková","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-30","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the creativity and tactical skill levels of the athletes (n=259) who actively continued their sports life in handball in Turkey in the 2020-2021 season. In order to determine athlete’s creativity levels, we used the “Creativity Questionnaire for Athletes” and for tactical skills, we used the “Tactical Skills Questionnaire for Sports”. We examined the relationships between these two dependent variables and the independent variables of gender, sports age and league category. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that the creativity level of the athletes was predicted by tactical skills at a level of approximately 74%. In terms of the variable of the handball players' years of playing handball, a low positive correlation was found in the sub-dimensions of the Tactical Skills Questionnaire. This relationship is statistically significant in other sub-dimensions, except for the Knowledge of Ball Movements sub-dimension of the Tactical Skills Questionnaire. The same variable was examined in terms of the creativity level and a low level of positive correlation was found. This relationship was found to be statistically significant. Appropriate training settings and environments should be designed in order to develop the creativity skills of the athletes. The similarity of the training environment to real competition conditions can greatly contribute to the development and use of creativity and tactical skills in sports. \u0000Key Words: Creativity, Tactical skills, Handball.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Table tennis is considered as a reaction sport, in which reaction speed is the key factor of sports performance. However, in addition to the quality of sensory (or cognitive) functions, it also requires a rapid motor response. Reactive agility is one of the most important qualities of table tennis performance. It comprises both sensory and motor components. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the relationship between reactive agility performance and reaction speed (sensory part), sprint and change of direction speed, and muscle strength parameters (motor part) and thus to identify determinants of reactive agility in table tennis players. METHODS: Fifteen male competitive table tennis players (26.3 ± 4.0 years, 179.4 ± 6.0 cm, 77.2 ± 6.4 kg) performed the Reactive Agility Test (RAT), three reaction time tests (simple and choice reaction, reaction to four visual stimuli), sprint for 5 m, 505 Agility test, countermovement and drop jumps. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between RAT performance and reaction time to four visual stimuli (r = 0.801, p < 0.001). Nonsignificant, but the medium correlation was found between RAT performance and choice reaction time (r = 0.404) and decision-making time, which was calculated as a difference between choice and simple reaction time (r = 0.410). These results showed that reactive agility is determined by the cognitive component (reflected by the reaction time) in table tennis players. CONCLUSION: It seems that fast reactions associated with hand movements are more important than explosive strength and speed abilities in table tennis performance. Therefore, the trainers should focus primarily on the development of reaction-speed abilities in their training program. Secondary, they should focus on more specific movements (e.g., lateral change of direction or speed of first steps) rather than linear sprint speed or changing of direction under angles higher than 90°. Additionally, it seems that explosive strength training has only supportive character in relationship to the sports performance.
{"title":"Determinants of Reactive Agility Performance in Table Tennis Players","authors":"Henrieta Horníková","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Table tennis is considered as a reaction sport, in which reaction speed is the key factor of sports performance. However, in addition to the quality of sensory (or cognitive) functions, it also requires a rapid motor response. Reactive agility is one of the most important qualities of table tennis performance. It comprises both sensory and motor components. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the relationship between reactive agility performance and reaction speed (sensory part), sprint and change of direction speed, and muscle strength parameters (motor part) and thus to identify determinants of reactive agility in table tennis players. METHODS: Fifteen male competitive table tennis players (26.3 ± 4.0 years, 179.4 ± 6.0 cm, 77.2 ± 6.4 kg) performed the Reactive Agility Test (RAT), three reaction time tests (simple and choice reaction, reaction to four visual stimuli), sprint for 5 m, 505 Agility test, countermovement and drop jumps. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between RAT performance and reaction time to four visual stimuli (r = 0.801, p < 0.001). Nonsignificant, but the medium correlation was found between RAT performance and choice reaction time (r = 0.404) and decision-making time, which was calculated as a difference between choice and simple reaction time (r = 0.410). These results showed that reactive agility is determined by the cognitive component (reflected by the reaction time) in table tennis players. CONCLUSION: It seems that fast reactions associated with hand movements are more important than explosive strength and speed abilities in table tennis performance. Therefore, the trainers should focus primarily on the development of reaction-speed abilities in their training program. Secondary, they should focus on more specific movements (e.g., lateral change of direction or speed of first steps) rather than linear sprint speed or changing of direction under angles higher than 90°. Additionally, it seems that explosive strength training has only supportive character in relationship to the sports performance.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vít, Jan Novák, Zdenko Reguli, Zdeněk Maláník, Jaroslav Matoušek, L. Bily
A forensic expert in the field of self-defense is a specialist with extensive knowledge in defence methods, close combat, defensive means, or coercive means. The core of the forensic expert's work in this field is the assessment of the facts of conflict situations in which physical violence between two or more persons has been used. The role of a forensic expert is to answer questions related to the parties' roles in the conflict, factors that influenced the conduct of the fight, the course of the fight and the possibility of resolving the conflict situation. Self-defense expertise is sometimes associated or confused with martial arts or combat sports expertise. This judgment is based on the assumption that most forensic experts in the field of self-defense also have experience or expertise in martial arts and combat sports. Such knowledge is an advantage for the profession of forensic expert in the field of self-defense, similar to knowledge in the field of weapons and ammunition, but it is not the same area as expertise in the field of self-defense or a condition for the exercise of this profession. The new Act No. 254/2019 Coll., on forensic experts, expert offices and expert institutes, faces professional criticism in several areas (expert duties, sanctions, division of specializations, etc.) and is likely to lead to pressure for further amendments. The article deals with these changes and the perspective in the coming years with the expert opinion of current forensic experts on the field of self-defense on the appropriate inclusion of this specialization in the future categorization of specializations.
{"title":"The Role of a Forensic Expert in the Field of Self-Defense Under Current Legislation and Beyond","authors":"M. Vít, Jan Novák, Zdenko Reguli, Zdeněk Maláník, Jaroslav Matoušek, L. Bily","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-21","url":null,"abstract":"A forensic expert in the field of self-defense is a specialist with extensive knowledge in defence methods, close combat, defensive means, or coercive means. The core of the forensic expert's work in this field is the assessment of the facts of conflict situations in which physical violence between two or more persons has been used. The role of a forensic expert is to answer questions related to the parties' roles in the conflict, factors that influenced the conduct of the fight, the course of the fight and the possibility of resolving the conflict situation. Self-defense expertise is sometimes associated or confused with martial arts or combat sports expertise. This judgment is based on the assumption that most forensic experts in the field of self-defense also have experience or expertise in martial arts and combat sports. Such knowledge is an advantage for the profession of forensic expert in the field of self-defense, similar to knowledge in the field of weapons and ammunition, but it is not the same area as expertise in the field of self-defense or a condition for the exercise of this profession. The new Act No. 254/2019 Coll., on forensic experts, expert offices and expert institutes, faces professional criticism in several areas (expert duties, sanctions, division of specializations, etc.) and is likely to lead to pressure for further amendments. The article deals with these changes and the perspective in the coming years with the expert opinion of current forensic experts on the field of self-defense on the appropriate inclusion of this specialization in the future categorization of specializations.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48583579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness demands are placed on students of all military schools. The bachelors study programmes usually include subjects which requires the high level of physical fitness. The study aims to give a comprehensive account of the level of physical fitness of selected military school. Design: Comparing of results of the physical activity tests were used in this study. Methods: The sample consisted of bachelor´s students of University of Defence between the academic year 2008/2009 and 2015/2016. The total number of participated students in our study depends of academic year and number of tested students (men from 102 to 111; women from 76 to 84). A male group (mean ± SD: 19.91 ± 0.29 years, 182.8 ± 7.2 cm, 82.9 ± 10.9 kg) performed all physical activity tests (12 min running, push-ups, sit-ups, pull-up on the crossbar, running the 100 m and throwing a hand grenade). A women group (mean ± SD: 19.36 ± 1.23 years, 171.8 ± 7.2 cm, 66.9 ± 8.7 kg) performed physical activity tests (12 min running, sit-ups, running the 100 m and throwing a hand grenade). Results: It has been found that study programme which includes physical activity subjects (>7 hours per week) is highly effective because we did not observe statistical significance decrease of values in selected physical tests. Conclusions: Summing up the results, it can be concluded good physical readiness and preparation for military duty in students of University of Defence in Czech Republic.
{"title":"Longitudinal Assessment of Physical Fitness of Students from the University of Defence in the Czech Republic","authors":"Dominik Puda","doi":"10.5817/sts2022-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2022-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness demands are placed on students of all military schools. The bachelors study programmes usually include subjects which requires the high level of physical fitness. The study aims to give a comprehensive account of the level of physical fitness of selected military school. \u0000Design: Comparing of results of the physical activity tests were used in this study. \u0000Methods: The sample consisted of bachelor´s students of University of Defence between the academic year 2008/2009 and 2015/2016. The total number of participated students in our study depends of academic year and number of tested students (men from 102 to 111; women from 76 to 84). A male group (mean ± SD: 19.91 ± 0.29 years, 182.8 ± 7.2 cm, 82.9 ± 10.9 kg) performed all physical activity tests (12 min running, push-ups, sit-ups, pull-up on the crossbar, running the 100 m and throwing a hand grenade). A women group (mean ± SD: 19.36 ± 1.23 years, 171.8 ± 7.2 cm, 66.9 ± 8.7 kg) performed physical activity tests (12 min running, sit-ups, running the 100 m and throwing a hand grenade). \u0000Results: It has been found that study programme which includes physical activity subjects (>7 hours per week) is highly effective because we did not observe statistical significance decrease of values in selected physical tests. \u0000Conclusions: Summing up the results, it can be concluded good physical readiness and preparation for military duty in students of University of Defence in Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":36179,"journal":{"name":"Studia Sportiva","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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