The teeth are a common site for infection, trauma, tumors, and tumorlike lesions. Because the teeth are frequently included in the field of view of imaging studies, radiologists can serve an important role in the identification, diagnosis, and, ultimately, the management of dental disease. This requires a level of familiarity with a wide range of diseases typical to the teeth and their supporting structures. This article provides a framework for radiologists in the approach to dental disease. Dental anatomy, development, and nomenclature are first discussed to serve as a foundation. This is followed by a review of typical trauma patterns and the pathophysiology and imaging features of dental infections, including their complications and management. Also, a structured approach to the imaging of tumor and tumorlike entities associated with dentition is outlined.Learning Objectives: Review dental anatomy, nomenclature, and development, and discuss diseases of the teeth and their surrounding structures, including their imaging findings.
{"title":"A Radiologist’s Guide to Teeth: An Imaging Review of Dental Anatomy, Nomenclature, Trauma, Infection, and Tumors","authors":"K. Dean","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000024","url":null,"abstract":"The teeth are a common site for infection, trauma, tumors, and tumorlike lesions. Because the teeth are frequently included in the field of view of imaging studies, radiologists can serve an important role in the identification, diagnosis, and, ultimately, the management of dental disease.\u0000 This requires a level of familiarity with a wide range of diseases typical to the teeth and their supporting structures. This article provides a framework for radiologists in the approach to dental disease. Dental anatomy, development, and nomenclature are first discussed to serve as a foundation.\u0000 This is followed by a review of typical trauma patterns and the pathophysiology and imaging features of dental infections, including their complications and management. Also, a structured approach to the imaging of tumor and tumorlike entities associated with dentition is outlined.Learning\u0000 Objectives: Review dental anatomy, nomenclature, and development, and discuss diseases of the teeth and their surrounding structures, including their imaging findings.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Congenital ossicular anomalies are important, often-missed causes of pediatric conductive hearing loss that may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Accurately identifying and describing ossicular anomalies is important for determining treatment options and surgical planning. We review ossicular development, anatomy, and CT imaging findings of both nonsyndromic and syndromic congenital anomalies, including branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities and deafness) syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and cleidocranial dysostosis.Learning Objective: Review normal anatomy and development of the ossicles, and identify imaging features of various congenital ossicular anomalies.
{"title":"The Ossicles in Pediatric Conductive Hearing Loss","authors":"A. Foust, D. Poe, C. Robson","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000004","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital ossicular anomalies are important, often-missed causes of pediatric conductive hearing loss that may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Accurately identifying and describing ossicular anomalies is important for determining treatment options and surgical planning.\u0000 We review ossicular development, anatomy, and CT imaging findings of both nonsyndromic and syndromic congenital anomalies, including branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development,\u0000 Genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities and deafness) syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and cleidocranial dysostosis.Learning Objective: Review normal anatomy and development of the ossicles, and identify imaging\u0000 features of various congenital ossicular anomalies.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46636064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ortiz, R. Patel, R. Riascos, M. Castillo, J. Hochsztein, R. Sacchi, S. Khanpara
Penetrating spine trauma presents a major challenge to clinical management. By using standard and cross-sectional imaging modalities, radiologists should be able to perform a trajectory analysis of the penetrating object and identify the path of injury as well as those structures that were injured along that path. Toward this end, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review of 23 patients who had penetrating spine trauma due to either a gunshot or stab wound and who, subsequently, underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MR imaging. Two patterns of imaging findings were associated with the penetrating spine trauma. Assault-related gunshot wounds accounted for most of penetrating spine trauma (83%) and were frequently associated with spinal cord injuries, and tended to be associated with other visceral and/or vascular injuries. Stabbing injuries, although less common (17%), were associated with focal spinal cord injuries and with fewer extraspinal injuries. These imaging finding patterns may assist in the evaluation of the imaging examinations, with implications for the extent of injury and prognosis for neurologic recovery, and, when necessary, can contribute to forensic analysis.Learning Objective: To identify the imaging findings and understand the value of trajectory analysis and its implications in projectile- and nonprojectile-penetrating spine trauma.
{"title":"More Than Meets the Eye: Additional Insights on Trajectory Analysis in Penetrating Spine Trauma","authors":"A. Ortiz, R. Patel, R. Riascos, M. Castillo, J. Hochsztein, R. Sacchi, S. Khanpara","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000014","url":null,"abstract":"Penetrating spine trauma presents a major challenge to clinical management. By using standard and cross-sectional imaging modalities, radiologists should be able to perform a trajectory analysis of the penetrating object and identify the path of injury as well as those structures that\u0000 were injured along that path. Toward this end, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review of 23 patients who had penetrating spine trauma due to either a gunshot or stab wound and who, subsequently, underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MR imaging. Two patterns of imaging\u0000 findings were associated with the penetrating spine trauma. Assault-related gunshot wounds accounted for most of penetrating spine trauma (83%) and were frequently associated with spinal cord injuries, and tended to be associated with other visceral and/or vascular injuries. Stabbing injuries,\u0000 although less common (17%), were associated with focal spinal cord injuries and with fewer extraspinal injuries. These imaging finding patterns may assist in the evaluation of the imaging examinations, with implications for the extent of injury and prognosis for neurologic recovery, and, when\u0000 necessary, can contribute to forensic analysis.Learning Objective: To identify the imaging findings and understand the value of trajectory analysis and its implications in projectile- and nonprojectile-penetrating spine trauma.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kirsch, A. Wang, R. Silbergleit, F. Memon, K.A. Barry, M. Al-Hakim, A. Krishnan
Acute viral encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain caused by multiple different viruses, with CT of the head and MR imaging of the brain involved in the initial diagnostic work-up. Although viral encephalitis may have nonspecific findings on neuroimaging, some imaging patterns have been identified in viral subtypes on MR imaging. The most common cause of encephalitis is herpes simplex virus, with the typical imaging features demonstrating unilateral medial temporal lobe signal abnormalities. Bilateral temporal lobe, cerebellum, and brain stem signal abnormalities are seen in herpes simplex virus 2, with associated edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Signal abnormalities are commonly seen in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and mesial temporal lobes in West Nile virus encephalitis. HIV encephalitis is associated with symmetric signal abnormality in the periventricular and deep white matter, which can be differentiated from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by asymmetric U-fiber involvement. The purpose of this article is to present imaging findings associated with typical and atypical cases of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis, promote early intervention, and improve clinical outcomes.Learning Objective: Identify unique radiologic findings associated with different types of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Acute Viral Encephalitis Neuroimaging Spectrum","authors":"A. Kirsch, A. Wang, R. Silbergleit, F. Memon, K.A. Barry, M. Al-Hakim, A. Krishnan","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900038","url":null,"abstract":"Acute viral encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain caused by multiple different viruses, with CT of the head and MR imaging of the brain involved in the initial diagnostic work-up. Although viral encephalitis may have nonspecific findings on neuroimaging, some imaging patterns\u0000 have been identified in viral subtypes on MR imaging. The most common cause of encephalitis is herpes simplex virus, with the typical imaging features demonstrating unilateral medial temporal lobe signal abnormalities. Bilateral temporal lobe, cerebellum, and brain stem signal abnormalities\u0000 are seen in herpes simplex virus 2, with associated edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Signal abnormalities are commonly seen in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and mesial temporal lobes in West Nile virus encephalitis. HIV encephalitis is associated with symmetric signal abnormality in\u0000 the periventricular and deep white matter, which can be differentiated from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by asymmetric U-fiber involvement. The purpose of this article is to present imaging findings associated with typical and atypical cases of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis,\u0000 promote early intervention, and improve clinical outcomes.Learning Objective: Identify unique radiologic findings associated with different types of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44867537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Carmody, R. Khan, R. Shastri, B. Winegar, M. Mafee
Lymphoma is the most common malignancy to affect the orbit and is frequently a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. Any orbital and/or ocular adnexal structure may be involved with lymphoproliferative disease, and many conditions, such as idiopathic orbital inflammation and metastatic disease, may have a similar appearance on CT or MR imaging. Almost all ocular adnexal lymphomas are of the non-Hodgkin B-cell type. These vary in aggressiveness from the low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphoma to the highly malignant mantle-cell lymphoma, which is a disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. In this review article, we describe the CT and MR imaging findings in the various types of ocular adnexal lymphomas, its differential diagnosis, and prognostic implications. Histopathologic and genetic characteristics are briefly covered. Treatments of some conditions are briefly discussed.Learning Objectives: To help the reader recognize the ubiquitous imaging findings in ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative diseases and to formulate a meaningful differential diagnosis vis-a-vis conditions with similar imaging appearances.
{"title":"Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa","authors":"R. Carmody, R. Khan, R. Shastri, B. Winegar, M. Mafee","doi":"10.3174/ng.2000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2000022","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphoma is the most common malignancy to affect the orbit and is frequently a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. Any orbital and/or ocular adnexal structure may be involved with lymphoproliferative disease, and many conditions, such as idiopathic orbital inflammation and metastatic\u0000 disease, may have a similar appearance on CT or MR imaging. Almost all ocular adnexal lymphomas are of the non-Hodgkin B-cell type. These vary in aggressiveness from the low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphoma to the highly malignant mantle-cell lymphoma, which is a disseminated\u0000 disease with a poor prognosis. In this review article, we describe the CT and MR imaging findings in the various types of ocular adnexal lymphomas, its differential diagnosis, and prognostic implications. Histopathologic and genetic characteristics are briefly covered. Treatments of some conditions\u0000 are briefly discussed.Learning Objectives: To help the reader recognize the ubiquitous imaging findings in ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative diseases and to formulate a meaningful differential diagnosis vis-a-vis conditions with similar imaging appearances.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45004539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epibranchial placodes combine with the neural crest to form the inferior and superior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal cranial nerves, respectively. By comparison, the single trigeminal ganglion is composed of both neural crest and placodal cells. The steps that lead up to these events include gastrulation and the embryology of the notochord, neural crest, and the placodes. Each of these steps is reviewed in some detail. In previous reviews in this series, the embryology related to the olfactory, otic, and lens placodes, and to the geniculate ganglia has been discussed.1-3 However, the somewhat unusual embryology of the 2 ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X was only briefly mentioned as was the development of the trigeminal ganglion.4 This present review revisits these events and specifically focuses on how these ganglia develop.Learning Objective: The reader will learn the unusual development of the superior and inferior glossopharyngeal and the vagal ganglia as well as review the varied steps in the embryology that proceeds these events. By comparison, the development of the single trigeminal ganglion is presented and the differences in its development from that of the ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X are emphasized.
{"title":"The Role of the Placodes in the Development of the Glossopharyngeal, Vagal, and Trigeminal Ganglia","authors":"P. Som","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900007","url":null,"abstract":"The epibranchial placodes combine with the neural crest to form the inferior and superior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal cranial nerves, respectively. By comparison, the single trigeminal ganglion is composed of both neural crest and placodal cells. The steps that lead up\u0000 to these events include gastrulation and the embryology of the notochord, neural crest, and the placodes. Each of these steps is reviewed in some detail. In previous reviews in this series, the embryology related to the olfactory, otic, and lens placodes, and to the geniculate ganglia has\u0000 been discussed.1-3 However, the somewhat unusual embryology of the 2 ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X was only briefly mentioned as was the development of the trigeminal ganglion.4 This present review revisits these events and specifically focuses on how these ganglia\u0000 develop.Learning Objective: The reader will learn the unusual development of the superior and inferior glossopharyngeal and the vagal ganglia as well as review the varied steps in the embryology that proceeds these events. By comparison, the development of the single trigeminal ganglion\u0000 is presented and the differences in its development from that of the ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44759291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moyamoya disease is a complex phenomenon with many potential etiologies and can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease, and the radiologist may be the first to suggest the disease. Either invasive or noninvasive angiography can be used to establish the diagnosis, based on defined radiologic criteria. Once the diagnosis is established, cerebral perfusion imaging before and after a vasodilatory challenge can be used to assess cerebrovascular reserve. The definitive treatment for Moyamoya disease is surgical revascularization with a goal to increase cerebral blood flow to tissues at risk. There are a variety of surgical options for revascularization in broad categories of either direct or indirect bypasses. Noninvasive imaging plays a key role in the evaluation of patients following surgical revascularization to assess the effectiveness of surgery as well as for complications. Noncontrast CT or MR imaging can be used to evaluate for early postoperative complications. CTA can be used to assess the patency of bypass grafts. Perfusion imaging can be performed to assess the degree of improvement in cerebral perfusion.Learning Objectives: Describe the imaging appearance of Moyamoya disease, identify typical postoperative findings after surgical revascularization, and recognize the complications of Moyamoya disease and its treatments.
{"title":"Imaging of the Diagnosis, Work-Up, and Treatment of Moyamoya Vasculopathy","authors":"N. Matthees, J. Hughes, M. Harwood, J. DiDomenico","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900046","url":null,"abstract":"Moyamoya disease is a complex phenomenon with many potential etiologies and can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease, and the radiologist may be the first to suggest the disease. Either invasive or noninvasive\u0000 angiography can be used to establish the diagnosis, based on defined radiologic criteria. Once the diagnosis is established, cerebral perfusion imaging before and after a vasodilatory challenge can be used to assess cerebrovascular reserve. The definitive treatment for Moyamoya disease is\u0000 surgical revascularization with a goal to increase cerebral blood flow to tissues at risk. There are a variety of surgical options for revascularization in broad categories of either direct or indirect bypasses. Noninvasive imaging plays a key role in the evaluation of patients following surgical\u0000 revascularization to assess the effectiveness of surgery as well as for complications. Noncontrast CT or MR imaging can be used to evaluate for early postoperative complications. CTA can be used to assess the patency of bypass grafts. Perfusion imaging can be performed to assess the degree\u0000 of improvement in cerebral perfusion.Learning Objectives: Describe the imaging appearance of Moyamoya disease, identify typical postoperative findings after surgical revascularization, and recognize the complications of Moyamoya disease and its treatments.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3174/ng.1900046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47944463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the first documented case of time-resolved (4D) intra-aortic whole-brain CTA reported in the literature for a newly diagnosed AVM. This was performed simultaneously as part of a catheter cerebral angiography with both planar and CT imaging, in the hybrid interventional radiology/CT suite. The described technique is unique in that intra-aortic injection of diluted contrast was utilized to obtain the time-resolved CTA image of the whole brain.
{"title":"Intra-Aortic Time-Resolved Whole-Brain CT Angiographic Evaluation of an Arteriovenous Malformation","authors":"A. Tarabishy, S. Boo, A. Rai","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900031","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first documented case of time-resolved (4D) intra-aortic whole-brain CTA reported in the literature for a newly diagnosed AVM. This was performed simultaneously as part of a catheter cerebral angiography with both planar and CT imaging, in the hybrid interventional radiology/CT\u0000 suite. The described technique is unique in that intra-aortic injection of diluted contrast was utilized to obtain the time-resolved CTA image of the whole brain.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3174/ng.1900031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46174758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ongoing progress is being made in the understanding of pediatric demyelinating diseases, including the recent discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) encephalitis. Radiologists play a key role in the diagnostic work-up of these patients. Demyelinating diseases can be challenging to differentiate from each other and can mimic anti-MOG encephalitis, especially because the various disorders can present with nonspecific radiologic cord findings and overlapping CNS features. There are some key imaging features that can be explained by the more recent development in the pathophysiological basis of these different entities. Attention to pertinent clinical history allows for improved diagnostic accuracy. Identifying MR imaging predictors of a particular demyelinating diagnosis in the pediatric population can have broad implications on treatment.
{"title":"Pediatric Demyelinating Disease: Emerging Patterns from Multiple Sclerosis to Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein‐Associated Encephalomyelitis","authors":"J. Aw-Zoretic, A. Harrell, J. Rubin, S. Palasis","doi":"10.3174/ng.1900049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.1900049","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing progress is being made in the understanding of pediatric demyelinating diseases, including the recent discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) encephalitis. Radiologists play a key role in the diagnostic work-up of these patients. Demyelinating diseases\u0000 can be challenging to differentiate from each other and can mimic anti-MOG encephalitis, especially because the various disorders can present with nonspecific radiologic cord findings and overlapping CNS features. There are some key imaging features that can be explained by the more recent\u0000 development in the pathophysiological basis of these different entities. Attention to pertinent clinical history allows for improved diagnostic accuracy. Identifying MR imaging predictors of a particular demyelinating diagnosis in the pediatric population can have broad implications on treatment.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3174/ng.1900049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43666084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.26226/morressier.5e5e70e335f8e2df5e55a68c
Juliet Alla, Joshua P Nickerson, MD, Matthew Wood, MD, PhD, M. Mossa-Basha, Christopher G Filippi, D. Zarnow, Jianling Ji, MD, Jaclyn A Biegel, PhD, Yassmine Akkari, PhD, Gisele Ishak, MD, R. Barajas
Genetic analysis of high-grade glial tumors in children has revealed the presence of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in a small number of highly aggressive‐appearing neoplasms. Identification of this gene fusion is important in that these patients may benefit from new, targeted therapies. Clinical presentation, imaging, and pathologic confirmation were obtained from 5 patients with confirmed ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. This case series may raise awareness of this entity and prompt genetic evaluation.
{"title":"High-grade Glial Tumors Associated with ETV6-NTRK3 Gene Fusion: Imaging Appearance with Pathological Correlate","authors":"Juliet Alla, Joshua P Nickerson, MD, Matthew Wood, MD, PhD, M. Mossa-Basha, Christopher G Filippi, D. Zarnow, Jianling Ji, MD, Jaclyn A Biegel, PhD, Yassmine Akkari, PhD, Gisele Ishak, MD, R. Barajas","doi":"10.26226/morressier.5e5e70e335f8e2df5e55a68c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5e5e70e335f8e2df5e55a68c","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic analysis of high-grade glial tumors in children has revealed the presence of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in a small number of highly aggressive‐appearing neoplasms. Identification of this gene fusion is important in that these patients may benefit from new, targeted\u0000 therapies. Clinical presentation, imaging, and pathologic confirmation were obtained from 5 patients with confirmed ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. This case series may raise awareness of this entity and prompt genetic evaluation.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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