O. Selvitop, T.A.G.M. Huisman, B.H. Tran, S. Kralik, N. Desai, G. Orman
Paranasal sinus infections are diseases most commonly seen during childhood and can cause serious complications in advanced cases that would have been prevented or limited with timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The paranasal sinuses continue to develop from birth to 20 years of age, and the age of the patient must be always considered in the diagnosis and treatment. Due to the proximity to vital tissues and organs, paranasal sinus infections may spread and cause infections of orbital, intracranial, vascular, and osseous structures. Neuroimaging is essential in the accurate diagnosis and early detection of these complications. While CT is mostly used in cases involving the bone, MR imaging is superior in cases involving soft tissues. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge of paranasal sinus infections and to discuss and demonstrate the imaging appearance of paranasal sinus infections and associated complications.Learning Objectives: To describe the development of the normal paranasal sinuses and discuss the standard of care imaging techniques and the imaging findings of paranasal sinus infection with its common and rare complications in children
{"title":"Paranasal Sinus Infections in Children: Complications Not to Be Missed!","authors":"O. Selvitop, T.A.G.M. Huisman, B.H. Tran, S. Kralik, N. Desai, G. Orman","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100084","url":null,"abstract":"Paranasal sinus infections are diseases most commonly seen during childhood and can cause serious complications in advanced cases that would have been prevented or limited with timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The paranasal sinuses continue to develop from birth to 20\u0000 years of age, and the age of the patient must be always considered in the diagnosis and treatment. Due to the proximity to vital tissues and organs, paranasal sinus infections may spread and cause infections of orbital, intracranial, vascular, and osseous structures. Neuroimaging is essential\u0000 in the accurate diagnosis and early detection of these complications. While CT is mostly used in cases involving the bone, MR imaging is superior in cases involving soft tissues. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge of paranasal sinus infections and to discuss and demonstrate\u0000 the imaging appearance of paranasal sinus infections and associated complications.Learning Objectives: To describe the development of the normal paranasal sinuses and discuss the standard of care imaging techniques and the imaging findings of paranasal sinus infection with its common and\u0000 rare complications in children","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sachs, P. Bunch, A. P. Sweeney, K. Hiatt, M. Benayoun, T. G. West
Differentiating acute hemorrhage from hyperattenuating mimics remains a common problem in neuroradiology practice. High atomic number materials such as iodine, calcium, and silicone oil can be similar in attenuation to acute blood products, depending on their concentration. Dual-energy CT allows differentiation of hemorrhage from these high atomic number materials because of the differential absorption of x-ray photons at different incident energies. The primary purpose of this case review is to illustrate how to confidently and efficiently use 190-keV virtual monoenergetic images and material decomposition maps in routine neuroradiology practice when the differential diagnosis includes hemorrhage versus a high atomic number hyperattenuating mimic. We review the underlying physics of dual-energy CT, the primary output of dual-energy postprocessing, as well as pitfalls.Learning Objective: To learn how to use dual-energy CT to confidently and efficiently differentiate acute hemorrhage and hyperattenuating mimics (eg, calcification or iodinated contrast)
{"title":"Is It Intracranial Hemorrhage? A Case-Based Approach to Confident Determination Using Dual-Energy CT","authors":"J. Sachs, P. Bunch, A. P. Sweeney, K. Hiatt, M. Benayoun, T. G. West","doi":"10.3174/ng.2200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2200008","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiating acute hemorrhage from hyperattenuating mimics remains a common problem in neuroradiology practice. High atomic number materials such as iodine, calcium, and silicone oil can be similar in attenuation to acute blood products, depending on their concentration. Dual-energy\u0000 CT allows differentiation of hemorrhage from these high atomic number materials because of the differential absorption of x-ray photons at different incident energies. The primary purpose of this case review is to illustrate how to confidently and efficiently use 190-keV virtual monoenergetic\u0000 images and material decomposition maps in routine neuroradiology practice when the differential diagnosis includes hemorrhage versus a high atomic number hyperattenuating mimic. We review the underlying physics of dual-energy CT, the primary output of dual-energy postprocessing, as well as\u0000 pitfalls.Learning Objective: To learn how to use dual-energy CT to confidently and efficiently differentiate acute hemorrhage and hyperattenuating mimics (eg, calcification or iodinated contrast)","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain surface enhancement on FLAIR describes increased FLAIR signal at the brain surface after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. Because of the unique properties of the FLAIR sequence, pathology at the brain surface may be obvious on postcontrast FLAIR but inconspicuous on postcontrast T1 imaging. Following administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, brain surface enhancement on FLAIR can be seen as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and/or CSF enhancement on FLAIR. Leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR manifests due to a combination of cortical and leptomeningeal inflammation as well as vascular congestion or engorgement. CSF enhancement on FLAIR manifests as elevated subarachnoid FLAIR signal due to leakage of small quantities of gadolinium-based contrast agent into the CSF from breakdown of the BBB and/or blood-CSF barrier and is sometimes associated with leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR. CSF enhancement on FLAIR has been previously described as a hyperintense acute reperfusion marker in the setting of stroke, TIA, and endovascular therapies. This article reviews brain surface enhancement on FLAIR, with leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR, presented in the setting of stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizures, trauma, demyelinating disease, malignancy, diseases of vascular engorgement such as Moyamoya and Sturge-Weber syndrome, and chronic age-related microvascular disease. The utility of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB/blood-CSF barrier dysfunction is also discussed.Learning Objective: To recognize brain surface enhancement on FLAIR imaging as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR in normal aging and a wide variety of intracranial diseases; to understand that FLAIR imaging is more sensitive than T1-weighted imaging for pathology at the brain surface; and to understand the potential of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB or blood-CSF barrier dysfunction
{"title":"Spectrum and Mimics of Brain Surface Enhancement on Postcontrast FLAIR Images","authors":"S. Rogers, J. Becker","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100044","url":null,"abstract":"Brain surface enhancement on FLAIR describes increased FLAIR signal at the brain surface after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents. Because of the unique properties of the FLAIR sequence, pathology at the brain surface may be obvious on postcontrast FLAIR but inconspicuous\u0000 on postcontrast T1 imaging. Following administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, brain surface enhancement on FLAIR can be seen as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and/or CSF enhancement on FLAIR. Leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR manifests due to a combination of cortical and\u0000 leptomeningeal inflammation as well as vascular congestion or engorgement. CSF enhancement on FLAIR manifests as elevated subarachnoid FLAIR signal due to leakage of small quantities of gadolinium-based contrast agent into the CSF from breakdown of the BBB and/or blood-CSF barrier and is sometimes\u0000 associated with leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR. CSF enhancement on FLAIR has been previously described as a hyperintense acute reperfusion marker in the setting of stroke, TIA, and endovascular therapies. This article reviews brain surface enhancement on FLAIR, with leptomeningeal enhancement\u0000 on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR, presented in the setting of stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizures, trauma, demyelinating disease, malignancy, diseases of vascular engorgement such as Moyamoya and Sturge-Weber syndrome, and chronic age-related\u0000 microvascular disease. The utility of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB/blood-CSF barrier dysfunction is also discussed.Learning Objective: To recognize brain surface enhancement on FLAIR imaging as leptomeningeal enhancement on FLAIR and CSF enhancement on FLAIR\u0000 in normal aging and a wide variety of intracranial diseases; to understand that FLAIR imaging is more sensitive than T1-weighted imaging for pathology at the brain surface; and to understand the potential of brain surface enhancement on FLAIR as a biomarker of BBB or blood-CSF barrier dysfunction","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44852801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Al Taweel, G. Edhayan, M. Colasurdo, S.C. Owji, M. Barghash, M. Alabdulkareem, H. Al Jadiry, K. Hsieh
Spinal fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing trauma. Identifying the significance of each fracture type and its prognosis is vital. Many trauma classification systems were devised to address these issues. The AO trauma classification system is a departure from prior classifications because it addresses new aspects that were not included in prior ones. Its addition of neurologic status and modifiers has enabled a more concise and accurate approach to fractures by incorporating more than the dichotomy of fracture or no fracture. This review article introduces the AO Spine injury classification system, some of the subsets under this classification system, and an explanation of how the American Society of Neuroradiology Common Data Elements macros can be used to better understand and incorporate this system into common radiologic practice to report spinal trauma in the language of the multidisciplinary team.Learning Objectives: To identify the AO Spine injury classification system and its subsets, what distinguishes it from different prior classifications, and how to implement American Society of Neuroradiology Common Data Elements AO Spine injury classification system macros into common radiologic practice, after completing this article
{"title":"AO Spine Injury Classification System Made Easy","authors":"A. A. Al Taweel, G. Edhayan, M. Colasurdo, S.C. Owji, M. Barghash, M. Alabdulkareem, H. Al Jadiry, K. Hsieh","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100072","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing trauma. Identifying the significance of each fracture type and its prognosis is vital. Many trauma classification systems were devised to address these issues. The AO trauma classification system\u0000 is a departure from prior classifications because it addresses new aspects that were not included in prior ones. Its addition of neurologic status and modifiers has enabled a more concise and accurate approach to fractures by incorporating more than the dichotomy of fracture or no fracture.\u0000 This review article introduces the AO Spine injury classification system, some of the subsets under this classification system, and an explanation of how the American Society of Neuroradiology Common Data Elements macros can be used to better understand and incorporate this system into common\u0000 radiologic practice to report spinal trauma in the language of the multidisciplinary team.Learning Objectives: To identify the AO Spine injury classification system and its subsets, what distinguishes it from different prior classifications, and how to implement American Society of Neuroradiology\u0000 Common Data Elements AO Spine injury classification system macros into common radiologic practice, after completing this article","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a setting of acute spinal trauma, imaging delineates all osseous and soft-tissue injuries and helps to guide potential surgical intervention. CT is the technique of choice in the setting of acute trauma. However, MR imaging is integral in the assessment of traumatic spinal injury, specifically assessing discoligamentous structures otherwise not seen on CT. We describe the critical imaging parameters of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Spine classification system and its impact on neurosurgical management. T2 fat-saturation sagittal and coronal images are valuable in assessing cervical spine ligaments. MR imaging at 3T offers superior resolution than 1.5T. The AO Spine classification for cervical spine injuries is now widely used and is more robust and correlates well with MR imaging. Type A injuries can be managed conservatively. Type B injuries are potentially unstable. B1 osseous injuries alone can be managed conservatively. Anterior or posterior tension band injuries (B2/B3 type) are unstable and are considered for surgical intervention or halo immobilization. Type C injuries have marked ligamentous injury and often require surgery. Identifying key MR imaging findings and using the AO Spine classification system and a reporting template helps bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, in turn influencing patient management.Learning Objectives: To understand the nuances of critical imaging findings of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the AO classification: how to minimize errors in reports using a simple MR imaging reporting template or a checklist; incorporating a universally accepted nomenclature and terminologies to remove bias and ensure consistency in communication with neurosurgical teams; and bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons in the management of blunt cervical spinal trauma
在急性脊柱创伤的情况下，影像学可以描绘所有骨和软组织损伤，并有助于指导潜在的手术干预。CT是急性创伤的首选技术。然而，MR成像在评估创伤性脊柱损伤中是不可或缺的，特别是评估CT上看不到的椎间盘韧带结构。我们根据Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen（AO）脊柱分类系统描述了颈椎损伤的关键成像参数及其对神经外科管理的影响。T2脂肪饱和矢状面和冠状面图像对评估颈椎韧带有价值。3T的MR成像提供了比1.5T更高的分辨率。AO脊柱损伤分类现在被广泛使用，并且更稳健，与MR成像的相关性更好。A型损伤可以保守治疗。B型损伤具有潜在的不稳定性。B1单独的骨损伤可以保守治疗。前部或后部张力带损伤（B2/B3型）是不稳定的，可考虑手术干预或晕圈固定。C型损伤具有明显的韧带损伤，通常需要手术治疗。识别关键的MR成像结果并使用AO脊柱分类系统和报告模板有助于弥合神经放射科医生和神经外科医生之间的知识差距，进而影响患者管理。学习目标：根据AO分类，了解颈椎损伤关键成像结果的细微差别：如何使用简单的MR成像报告模板或检查表最大限度地减少报告中的错误；采用公认的命名法和术语，消除偏见，确保与神经外科团队沟通的一致性；弥合神经放射科医生和神经外科医生在钝性颈椎损伤治疗方面的知识差距
{"title":"Imaging of Blunt Cervical Spine Ligamentous Injuries: Bridging the Gap between Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons","authors":"A. Prabhu, M. Stanton, S. Bhuta","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100054","url":null,"abstract":"In a setting of acute spinal trauma, imaging delineates all osseous and soft-tissue injuries and helps to guide potential surgical intervention. CT is the technique of choice in the setting of acute trauma. However, MR imaging is integral in the assessment of traumatic spinal injury,\u0000 specifically assessing discoligamentous structures otherwise not seen on CT. We describe the critical imaging parameters of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Spine classification system and its impact on neurosurgical management.\u0000 T2 fat-saturation sagittal and coronal images are valuable in assessing cervical spine ligaments. MR imaging at 3T offers superior resolution than 1.5T. The AO Spine classification for cervical spine injuries is now widely used and is more robust and correlates well with MR imaging. Type A\u0000 injuries can be managed conservatively. Type B injuries are potentially unstable. B1 osseous injuries alone can be managed conservatively. Anterior or posterior tension band injuries (B2/B3 type) are unstable and are considered for surgical intervention or halo immobilization. Type C injuries\u0000 have marked ligamentous injury and often require surgery. Identifying key MR imaging findings and using the AO Spine classification system and a reporting template helps bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, in turn influencing patient management.Learning\u0000 Objectives: To understand the nuances of critical imaging findings of cervical spine injuries in accordance with the AO classification: how to minimize errors in reports using a simple MR imaging reporting template or a checklist; incorporating a universally accepted nomenclature and terminologies\u0000 to remove bias and ensure consistency in communication with neurosurgical teams; and bridging the knowledge gap between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons in the management of blunt cervical spinal trauma","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Ayres, G. Bandeira, S. Ferraciolli, J. Takahashi, R. Moreno, L. F. de Souza Godoy, Y. Casal, L. D. de Lima, F. Frasseto, L. T. Lucato
Neuronal and glioneuronal tumors usually have a benign course and may have typical imaging characteristics, allowing their diagnosis based on MR imaging findings. The most common lesions are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and gangliogliomas, which have typical imaging characteristics. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, recently published in 2021, places greater emphasis on molecular markers to classify tumors of the CNS, leading to extensive changes in the classification of tumors, including neuronal and glioneuronal tumors. The 2021 revision included 3 new tumors types: multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (a provisional type), and myxoid glioneuronal tumor. Following these recent changes in the World Health Organization classification, we aimed to review the main imaging features of these lesions in relation to their histopathologic and molecular features.Learning Objectives: To list the neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; recognize the main imaging findings and histologic characteristics of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; know the typical location of each neuronal and glioneuronal tumor; and become familiar with the main molecular alterations of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors to better understand their behavior
{"title":"Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors: Who? When? Where? An Update Based on the 2021 World Health Organization Classification","authors":"A. S. Ayres, G. Bandeira, S. Ferraciolli, J. Takahashi, R. Moreno, L. F. de Souza Godoy, Y. Casal, L. D. de Lima, F. Frasseto, L. T. Lucato","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100047","url":null,"abstract":"Neuronal and glioneuronal tumors usually have a benign course and may have typical imaging characteristics, allowing their diagnosis based on MR imaging findings. The most common lesions are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and gangliogliomas, which have typical imaging characteristics.\u0000 The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, recently published in 2021, places greater emphasis on molecular markers to classify tumors of the CNS, leading to extensive changes in the classification of tumors, including\u0000 neuronal and glioneuronal tumors. The 2021 revision included 3 new tumors types: multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor, diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (a provisional type), and myxoid glioneuronal tumor. Following these recent changes\u0000 in the World Health Organization classification, we aimed to review the main imaging features of these lesions in relation to their histopathologic and molecular features.Learning Objectives: To list the neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; recognize the main imaging findings and histologic\u0000 characteristics of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors; know the typical location of each neuronal and glioneuronal tumor; and become familiar with the main molecular alterations of neuronal and glioneuronal tumors to better understand their behavior","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carcinoma of unknown primary is an important and complex disease entity that presents challenges to interpreting radiologists. This article presents a comprehensive clinical, pathologic, and radiologic work-up and assessment for radiologists. It is important for the radiologist to know the p16, high-risk human papilloma virus, and Epstein-Barr virus status; nodal drainage patterns of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; and the utility of various imaging modalities to help identify the primary site and guide therapy.Learning Objectives: To understand the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic evaluation of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP); to provide an overview of the clinical and pathologic work-up for CUP that aids in imaging interpretation; and to recognize patterns of nodal involvement for identification of the primary disease
{"title":"Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Diagnostic Approaches for Radiologists","authors":"J.C. Junn, K.A. Soderlund, C. Glastonbury","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100031","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinoma of unknown primary is an important and complex disease entity that presents challenges to interpreting radiologists. This article presents a comprehensive clinical, pathologic, and radiologic work-up and assessment for radiologists. It is important for the radiologist to know\u0000 the p16, high-risk human papilloma virus, and Epstein-Barr virus status; nodal drainage patterns of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; and the utility of various imaging modalities to help identify the primary site and guide therapy.Learning Objectives: To understand the clinical,\u0000 pathologic, and radiologic evaluation of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP); to provide an overview of the clinical and pathologic work-up for CUP that aids in imaging interpretation; and to recognize patterns of nodal involvement for identification of the primary disease","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45116007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orthognathic surgery, which focuses on improving maxillomandibular alignment, is increasingly used for both functional and cosmetic purposes. Common indications include malocclusion, obstructive sleep apnea, and congenital dentofacial anomalies. Due to the prevalence of in-office imaging performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists are not routinely involved in the perioperative evaluation of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. An understanding of modern surgical techniques and anatomy is necessary to recognize the normal and abnormal postsurgical findings.Learning Objective: To familiarize radiologists with the role of imaging in the postoperative evaluation after orthognathic surgery and the imaging appearance of both common and rare complications
{"title":"Radiologist’s Guide to Orthognathic Surgery","authors":"M. Lum, G.S. Reeve, C. Phillips, S. Strauss","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100042","url":null,"abstract":"Orthognathic surgery, which focuses on improving maxillomandibular alignment, is increasingly used for both functional and cosmetic purposes. Common indications include malocclusion, obstructive sleep apnea, and congenital dentofacial anomalies. Due to the prevalence of in-office imaging\u0000 performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists are not routinely involved in the perioperative evaluation of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. An understanding of modern surgical techniques and anatomy is necessary to recognize the normal and abnormal postsurgical findings.Learning\u0000 Objective: To familiarize radiologists with the role of imaging in the postoperative evaluation after orthognathic surgery and the imaging appearance of both common and rare complications","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rodrigues, N.M. Falkner, R. Lakshmanan, S. Williams, R. Warne
We present a case of a 4-month-old infant with abnormal eye movements, unusual flat facies, and lack of expression during crying, clinically diagnosed with Möbius syndrome. MR imaging demonstrated absent facial and abducens nerves. A dysplastic right cerebellar hemisphere containing a cleft and multiple clustered cysts was also observed, which, to our knowledge, represents the first documented case of an association between Möbius syndrome and cerebellar dysplasia. A review of pertinent literature is provided.
{"title":"Möbius Syndrome and Cerebellar Dysplasia: A Novel Association","authors":"E. Rodrigues, N.M. Falkner, R. Lakshmanan, S. Williams, R. Warne","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100038","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of a 4-month-old infant with abnormal eye movements, unusual flat facies, and lack of expression during crying, clinically diagnosed with Möbius syndrome. MR imaging demonstrated absent facial and abducens nerves. A dysplastic right cerebellar hemisphere containing\u0000 a cleft and multiple clustered cysts was also observed, which, to our knowledge, represents the first documented case of an association between Möbius syndrome and cerebellar dysplasia. A review of pertinent literature is provided.","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the acute setting, neuroimaging plays a critical role in determining management and outcome. Noncontrast head CT is initially used to identify hemorrhage and large areas of ischemia that preclude thrombolysis and thrombectomy. In patients who present between 6 and 24 hours after last known well, CTA and CTP are useful tools to select those who may benefit from mechanical thrombectomy. The utility of CTP lies in its ability to identify irreversibly infarcted tissue (core infarct) and distinguish it from potentially salvageable tissue (penumbra). Radiologists and clinicians need to understand this imaging technique and its major pitfalls to avoid interpretation mistakes.Learning Objective: To describe the basic principles of CTP acquisition, propose a short and practical checklist for interpreting automated CTP scans obtained with a commercially available and widely used program, and review its main pitfalls and artifacts
{"title":"A RAPID Checklist: Understanding Pitfalls and Artifacts in Stroke","authors":"J. A. Bregni, M. Castillo, J. P. Ho, C. Zamora","doi":"10.3174/ng.2100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ng.2100037","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the acute setting, neuroimaging plays a critical role in determining management and outcome. Noncontrast head CT is initially used to identify hemorrhage and large areas of ischemia that preclude thrombolysis\u0000 and thrombectomy. In patients who present between 6 and 24 hours after last known well, CTA and CTP are useful tools to select those who may benefit from mechanical thrombectomy. The utility of CTP lies in its ability to identify irreversibly infarcted tissue (core infarct) and distinguish\u0000 it from potentially salvageable tissue (penumbra). Radiologists and clinicians need to understand this imaging technique and its major pitfalls to avoid interpretation mistakes.Learning Objective: To describe the basic principles of CTP acquisition, propose a short and practical checklist\u0000 for interpreting automated CTP scans obtained with a commercially available and widely used program, and review its main pitfalls and artifacts","PeriodicalId":36193,"journal":{"name":"Neurographics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46923344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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