In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages to help design water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly advanced since the 1800s, and USGS hydrographers have made at least one streamflow measurement at more than 37,000 sites throughout the years. Today, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information for more than 8,500 sites (continuous or partial record) and water-level information alone for more than 1,700 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near realtime—to meet many diverse needs; more than 640 million requests for streamflow information were fulfilled during the 2017 water year (October 1, 2016‒ September 30, 2017).
{"title":"Monitoring the pulse of our Nation's rivers and streams—The U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network","authors":"S. Eberts, M. Woodside, M. Landers, C. Wagner","doi":"10.3133/FS20183081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/FS20183081","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1800s, John Wesley Powell, second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), proposed gaging the flow of rivers and streams in the Western United States to evaluate the potential for irrigation. Around the same time, several cities in the Eastern United States established primitive streamgages to help design water-supply systems. Streamgaging technology has greatly advanced since the 1800s, and USGS hydrographers have made at least one streamflow measurement at more than 37,000 sites throughout the years. Today, the USGS Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program supports the collection and (or) delivery of both streamflow and water-level information for more than 8,500 sites (continuous or partial record) and water-level information alone for more than 1,700 additional sites. The data are served online—most in near realtime—to meet many diverse needs; more than 640 million requests for streamflow information were fulfilled during the 2017 water year (October 1, 2016‒ September 30, 2017).","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Potter, C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, Cheryl A. Woodall, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, M. Brownfield, J. Pitman
In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the unconventional (continuous) oil and gas resources in two previously unassessed formations in northwestern China. These include an assessment of tight-oil resources in the lower Permian Lucaogou Formation (Yang and others, 2010) of the Santanghu Basin (Altay-Sayan Folded Region Province) and tight gas in the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation (Guo and others, 2014; Yang and others, 2015) in the southern part of the Junggar Basin (Junggar Basin Province) (fig. 1). Lacustrine mudstones of the Lucaogou Formation are present in several basins and intervening uplifts in northwestern China (Carroll and Wartes, 2003). Tight oil is produced from this formation in the Junggar Basin, and in 2016, the USGS completed an assessment of tight-oil and tight-gas resources in the Lucaogou of the Junggar Basin (Potter and others, 2017). Over the past 15 years in the Santanghu Basin, oil has been discovered and produced from several types of tight reservoirs in the Lucaogou Formation; this oil has apparently undergone short-distance vertical migration from interbedded organic-rich mudstone (Hackley and others, 2016). The thick Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation in the southern Junggar Basin represents a fluvial and shallow lacustrine system containing low-permeability channel sandstones interbedded with coal and carbonaceous shale. Guo and others (2014) indicate that the tight sandstone layers and lenses contain a significant gas resource sourced mainly from the coals—a geologic framework that is very similar to that of major tight-gas fields in the western United States. In the southern Junggar Basin, natural gas has been discovered in coal and shale within the Badaowan (Petromin Resources, 2009); possible resource exploration concepts include tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed gas (Guo and others, 2014). This 2018 USGS assessment focused on tight-gas resources in sandstone that are analogous to tight-gas sandstones in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Piceance Basin, Colorado (Johnson and Roberts, 2003; Cumella, 2009).
2018年，美国地质调查局(USGS)对中国西北部两个此前未评估的地层的非常规(连续)油气资源进行了定量评估。其中包括三塘湖盆地(阿尔泰-萨扬褶皱区)下二叠统芦草沟组致密油资源评价(Yang等，2010)和下侏罗统八道湾组致密气资源评价(Guo等，2014);Yang等，2015)在准噶尔盆地南部(准噶尔省)(图1)。芦草沟组湖相泥岩存在于中国西北部多个盆地和间断性隆升中(Carroll and Wartes, 2003)。2016年，美国地质勘探局完成了准噶尔盆地芦草沟致密油和致密气资源评价(Potter等，2017)。近15年来，在三塘湖盆地芦草沟组发现了几种类型的致密储层。这种油显然是从富有机质互层泥岩中进行了短距离垂直运移(Hackley等人，2016)。准噶尔盆地南部厚的下侏罗统八道湾组为河流-浅湖相体系，含低渗透河道砂岩与煤、碳质页岩互层。Guo等人(2014)指出，致密砂岩层和透镜体包含主要来自煤炭的重要天然气资源，其地质框架与美国西部主要致密气田的地质框架非常相似。准噶尔盆地南部八道湾煤系和页岩中发现天然气(石油资源，2009);可能的资源勘探概念包括致密气、页岩气和煤层气(Guo等人，2014)。2018年美国地质勘探局的评估侧重于砂岩中的致密气资源，这些砂岩类似于科罗拉多州Piceance盆地上白垩统Mesaverde组的致密气砂岩(Johnson and Roberts, 2003;Cumella, 2009)。
{"title":"Assessment of tight-oil and tight-gas resources in the Junggar and Santanghu Basins of Northwestern China, 2018","authors":"C. Potter, C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, Cheryl A. Woodall, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, M. Brownfield, J. Pitman","doi":"10.3133/FS20193012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/FS20193012","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the unconventional (continuous) oil and gas resources in two previously unassessed formations in northwestern China. These include an assessment of tight-oil resources in the lower Permian Lucaogou Formation (Yang and others, 2010) of the Santanghu Basin (Altay-Sayan Folded Region Province) and tight gas in the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation (Guo and others, 2014; Yang and others, 2015) in the southern part of the Junggar Basin (Junggar Basin Province) (fig. 1). Lacustrine mudstones of the Lucaogou Formation are present in several basins and intervening uplifts in northwestern China (Carroll and Wartes, 2003). Tight oil is produced from this formation in the Junggar Basin, and in 2016, the USGS completed an assessment of tight-oil and tight-gas resources in the Lucaogou of the Junggar Basin (Potter and others, 2017). Over the past 15 years in the Santanghu Basin, oil has been discovered and produced from several types of tight reservoirs in the Lucaogou Formation; this oil has apparently undergone short-distance vertical migration from interbedded organic-rich mudstone (Hackley and others, 2016). The thick Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation in the southern Junggar Basin represents a fluvial and shallow lacustrine system containing low-permeability channel sandstones interbedded with coal and carbonaceous shale. Guo and others (2014) indicate that the tight sandstone layers and lenses contain a significant gas resource sourced mainly from the coals—a geologic framework that is very similar to that of major tight-gas fields in the western United States. In the southern Junggar Basin, natural gas has been discovered in coal and shale within the Badaowan (Petromin Resources, 2009); possible resource exploration concepts include tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed gas (Guo and others, 2014). This 2018 USGS assessment focused on tight-gas resources in sandstone that are analogous to tight-gas sandstones in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Piceance Basin, Colorado (Johnson and Roberts, 2003; Cumella, 2009).","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare earth elements in coal and coal fly ash","authors":"C. Scott, A. Kolker","doi":"10.3133/fs20193048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, M. Brownfield, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, S. Kinney
{"title":"Assessment of continuous oil and gas resources in Jurassic Shales of the eastern Arabian Peninsula, 2019","authors":"C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, M. Brownfield, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, S. Kinney","doi":"10.3133/fs20193071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69285175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","authors":"M. Reitz, W. Kress","doi":"10.3133/FS20193001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/FS20193001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Potter, C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, Cheryl A. Woodall, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, M. Brownfield, J. Pitman
In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional (continuous) oil and gas resources in Mesozoic nonmarine clastic rocks in the Sichuan Basin of China (fig. 1) that include tight gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation and tight oil in Lower Jurassic lacustrine strata of the Lianggaoshan Formation and the Da’anzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Previous USGS oil and gas assessments in this basin include a 2015 shale-gas assessment in three Paleozoic stratigraphic intervals in the Sichuan Basin (Potter and others, 2015; Potter, 2018) and a 2012 assessment of conventional oil and gas resources in six major Chinese basins (Charpentier and others, 2012). Chinese national oil companies currently produce tight gas from the Xujiahe (Zhao, Bian, and others, 2013) and tight oil from the Da’anzhai and Lianggaoshan (Chen and others, 2015; Yang and others, 2016) in the central part of the Sichuan Basin. The Xujiahe is a thick fluvial unit that includes three widely distributed coaly gas-prone (Type III) source intervals, each generally 50–150 meters (m) thick and containing numerous coal beds that are a few meters thick (Zou, Tao, and others, 2009; Zhu and others, 2012). These source intervals are alternately stacked with three low-permeability sand reservoir intervals (up to 40 m thick with individual sand reservoirs 3–8 m thick) (Zou, Tao, and others, 2009; Zhao, Bian, and others, 2013; Zou, Gong, and others, 2013). The Da’anzhai and Lianggaoshan contain lacustrine black shales that are rich in Type I and II (oil-prone) organic matter (Li and others, 2014) and are interbedded with tight reservoir units that include a shelly limestone (Da’anzhai) and a sandstone (Lianggaoshan) (Yang and others, 2016). The Da’anzhai is 0–60 m thick, and the Lianggaoshan is 0–100 m thick (Yang and others, 2016).
2018年，美国地质调查局(USGS)定量评估了中国四川盆地中生代非海相碎屑岩中非常规(连续)油气资源潜力(图1)，包括上三叠统须家河组致密气和下侏罗统梁高山组和自流井组大安寨段湖相地层致密油。此前USGS对该盆地的油气评价包括2015年对四川盆地三个古生代地层层段的页岩气评价(Potter等，2015;Potter, 2018)和2012年中国六大盆地常规油气资源评估(Charpentier等，2012)。中国国有石油公司目前生产的致密气来自须家河(Zhao, Bian，等，2013)，致密油来自大安寨和梁高山(Chen等，2015;Yang等人，2016)在四川盆地中部。须家河是一个较厚的河流单元，包括三个广泛分布的易产煤层气(III型)气源层段，每个层段的厚度一般为50-150米，并含有许多几米厚的煤层(Zou, Tao, and others, 2009;Zhu等人，2012)。这些源层与三个低渗透砂岩储层(厚度可达40 m，单个砂岩储层厚度为3-8 m)交替叠加(邹，陶等，2009;赵、边等，2013;邹、龚等人，2013)。大安寨和梁高山含湖相黑色页岩，富含ⅰ型和ⅱ型(亲油)有机质(Li等，2014)，并与泥质灰岩(大安寨)和砂岩(梁高山)致密储层单元互层(Yang等，2016)。大安寨厚度为0 ~ 60 m，梁高山厚度为0 ~ 100 m (Yang等，2016)。
{"title":"Assessment of Mesozoic tight-oil and tight-gas resources in the Sichuan Basin of China, 2018","authors":"C. Potter, C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, M. Tennyson, T. Finn, Cheryl A. Woodall, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, K. Marra, P. Le, R. M. Drake, M. Brownfield, J. Pitman","doi":"10.3133/fs20193010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193010","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional (continuous) oil and gas resources in Mesozoic nonmarine clastic rocks in the Sichuan Basin of China (fig. 1) that include tight gas in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation and tight oil in Lower Jurassic lacustrine strata of the Lianggaoshan Formation and the Da’anzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Previous USGS oil and gas assessments in this basin include a 2015 shale-gas assessment in three Paleozoic stratigraphic intervals in the Sichuan Basin (Potter and others, 2015; Potter, 2018) and a 2012 assessment of conventional oil and gas resources in six major Chinese basins (Charpentier and others, 2012). Chinese national oil companies currently produce tight gas from the Xujiahe (Zhao, Bian, and others, 2013) and tight oil from the Da’anzhai and Lianggaoshan (Chen and others, 2015; Yang and others, 2016) in the central part of the Sichuan Basin. The Xujiahe is a thick fluvial unit that includes three widely distributed coaly gas-prone (Type III) source intervals, each generally 50–150 meters (m) thick and containing numerous coal beds that are a few meters thick (Zou, Tao, and others, 2009; Zhu and others, 2012). These source intervals are alternately stacked with three low-permeability sand reservoir intervals (up to 40 m thick with individual sand reservoirs 3–8 m thick) (Zou, Tao, and others, 2009; Zhao, Bian, and others, 2013; Zou, Gong, and others, 2013). The Da’anzhai and Lianggaoshan contain lacustrine black shales that are rich in Type I and II (oil-prone) organic matter (Li and others, 2014) and are interbedded with tight reservoir units that include a shelly limestone (Da’anzhai) and a sandstone (Lianggaoshan) (Yang and others, 2016). The Da’anzhai is 0–60 m thick, and the Lianggaoshan is 0–100 m thick (Yang and others, 2016).","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, T. Finn, K. Marra, M. Brownfield, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, R. M. Drake
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous oil and gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin of northern Australia (fig. 1). The Mesoproterozoic Roper Group in the basin contains the Velkerri and Kyalla Formations, two organic-rich source formations that possibly form some of the oldest viable petroleum systems in the world (Jackson and others, 1986; Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011; Cox and others, 2016). The shale units of the Velkerri and Kyalla were deposited between 1,400 and 1,300 million years ago (Yang and others, 2018). Limited drilling and production testing have shown that these rocks may contain recoverable oil and gas resources (Close, Cote, and others, 2017). For rocks of this age to potentially contain recoverable oil and gas indicates that throughout the long period between the Mesoproterozoic and the present, there has been limited deformation of the Beetaloo Basin, and generation might have been relatively late in the burial history. However, the tectonic evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Beetaloo Basin is largely unknown, and several hypotheses have been advanced that include rift basin, multiphase intracontinental basin, foreland basin, and epicontinental basin development (Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011; Cox and others, 2016; Close, Cote, and others, 2017; Yang and others, 2018). Rocks of the Roper Group have not been thermally stressed beyond the gas-generation window (Close, Baruch, and others, 2017).
美国地质调查局(USGS)定量评估了澳大利亚北部Beetaloo盆地未发现的、技术上可开采的连续油气资源的潜力(图1)。该盆地的中元古代Roper群包含Velkerri组和Kyalla组，这两个富含有机物的地层可能形成了世界上最古老的可行石油系统(Jackson等人，1986;Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011;Cox等人，2016)。Velkerri和Kyalla的页岩单元沉积于14亿至13亿年前(Yang等人，2018)。有限的钻井和生产测试表明，这些岩石可能含有可开采的石油和天然气资源(Close, Cote等，2017)。这一时代的岩石具有潜在的可采油气，表明在中元古代到现在的漫长时期内，Beetaloo盆地的变形有限，可能发生在埋藏史的较晚时期。然而，中元古代Beetaloo盆地的构造演化在很大程度上是未知的，提出了裂谷盆地、多期陆内盆地、前陆盆地和陆表盆地发育的几种假设(Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011;Cox等人，2016;Close, Cote等人，2017;Yang等人，2018)。Roper组的岩石在产气窗口之外没有受到热应力(Close, Baruch等，2017)。
{"title":"Assessment of continuous oil and gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin, Australia, 2018","authors":"C. J. Schenk, T. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, T. Finn, K. Marra, M. Brownfield, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, R. M. Drake","doi":"10.3133/fs20193013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193013","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous oil and gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin of northern Australia (fig. 1). The Mesoproterozoic Roper Group in the basin contains the Velkerri and Kyalla Formations, two organic-rich source formations that possibly form some of the oldest viable petroleum systems in the world (Jackson and others, 1986; Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011; Cox and others, 2016). The shale units of the Velkerri and Kyalla were deposited between 1,400 and 1,300 million years ago (Yang and others, 2018). Limited drilling and production testing have shown that these rocks may contain recoverable oil and gas resources (Close, Cote, and others, 2017). For rocks of this age to potentially contain recoverable oil and gas indicates that throughout the long period between the Mesoproterozoic and the present, there has been limited deformation of the Beetaloo Basin, and generation might have been relatively late in the burial history. However, the tectonic evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Beetaloo Basin is largely unknown, and several hypotheses have been advanced that include rift basin, multiphase intracontinental basin, foreland basin, and epicontinental basin development (Silverman and Ahlbrandt, 2011; Cox and others, 2016; Close, Cote, and others, 2017; Yang and others, 2018). Rocks of the Roper Group have not been thermally stressed beyond the gas-generation window (Close, Baruch, and others, 2017).","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science instruments: OLI–2; TIRS–2 OLI–2 built by: Ball Aerospace & Technology Corporation TIRS–2 built by: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Design life: 5 years Spacecraft provider: Northrop Grumman Image data: About 750 scenes per day Target launch date: December 2020 Launch vehicle: United Launch Alliance Atlas V 401 Orbit: Near-polar, sun-synchronous at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers) Orbital inclination: 98.2 degrees Spacecraft speed: 16,760 miles per hour (26,972 kilometers per hour), Consumables: 10+ years Landsat 9 is a partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that will continue the Landsat program’s critical role of repeat global observations for monitoring, understanding, and managing Earth’s natural resources. Since 1972, Landsat data have provided a unique resource for those who work in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global-change research. Landsat images have also proved invaluable to the International Charter: Space and Major Disasters, supporting emergency response and disaster relief to save lives. With the addition of Landsat 9, the Landsat program’s record of land imaging will be extended to over half a century.
{"title":"Landsat 9","authors":"","doi":"10.3133/fs20193008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193008","url":null,"abstract":"Science instruments: OLI–2; TIRS–2 OLI–2 built by: Ball Aerospace & Technology Corporation TIRS–2 built by: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Design life: 5 years Spacecraft provider: Northrop Grumman Image data: About 750 scenes per day Target launch date: December 2020 Launch vehicle: United Launch Alliance Atlas V 401 Orbit: Near-polar, sun-synchronous at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers) Orbital inclination: 98.2 degrees Spacecraft speed: 16,760 miles per hour (26,972 kilometers per hour), Consumables: 10+ years Landsat 9 is a partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that will continue the Landsat program’s critical role of repeat global observations for monitoring, understanding, and managing Earth’s natural resources. Since 1972, Landsat data have provided a unique resource for those who work in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global-change research. Landsat images have also proved invaluable to the International Charter: Space and Major Disasters, supporting emergency response and disaster relief to save lives. With the addition of Landsat 9, the Landsat program’s record of land imaging will be extended to over half a century.","PeriodicalId":36286,"journal":{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69284667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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