Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.31
John C. Garner, Lesley R. Parrish, K. R. Shaw, Samuel J Wilson, Paul T. Donahue
Background of Study: Females generally have a 6-8 times higher risk for lower extremity injury compared to male counterparts due to biomechanical differences and/or poor landing strategies. In recent years, a great deal of focus has been placed on prevention and reduction of non-contact lower extremity injuries. This has spurred the development of assessment methods to determine how athletes move and tools with which those motions are measured. Efforts have been made to measure and quantify movement strategies, which have given rise to multiple movement tests and measurement devices. One approach is the use of wearable technologies used in conjunction with a movement screening. Objective: Demonstrate a practical approach of using wearable technologies to guide training regimens in a population of female athletes that would be considered at risk for lower extremity injuries. Methods: A cohort of Division I female volleyball athletes were screened using wearable technology then assigned an intervention based on screening results. Comparisons were made between injury rates during the season when the intervention was applied compared to previous seasons. Results: All lower extremity injury rates were reduced after the intervention was applied. Conclusions: The use of wearable technology aids in quantifying movement to then assign a strategic intervention to reduce injuries in an at risk athletic population.
{"title":"Using Motion Sensor Technology to Manage Risk of Injury in a Strength and Conditioning Program for Female Collegiate Athletes","authors":"John C. Garner, Lesley R. Parrish, K. R. Shaw, Samuel J Wilson, Paul T. Donahue","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.31","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: Females generally have a 6-8 times higher risk for lower extremity injury compared to male counterparts due to biomechanical differences and/or poor landing strategies. In recent years, a great deal of focus has been placed on prevention and reduction of non-contact lower extremity injuries. This has spurred the development of assessment methods to determine how athletes move and tools with which those motions are measured. Efforts have been made to measure and quantify movement strategies, which have given rise to multiple movement tests and measurement devices. One approach is the use of wearable technologies used in conjunction with a movement screening. Objective: Demonstrate a practical approach of using wearable technologies to guide training regimens in a population of female athletes that would be considered at risk for lower extremity injuries. Methods: A cohort of Division I female volleyball athletes were screened using wearable technology then assigned an intervention based on screening results. Comparisons were made between injury rates during the season when the intervention was applied compared to previous seasons. Results: All lower extremity injury rates were reduced after the intervention was applied. Conclusions: The use of wearable technology aids in quantifying movement to then assign a strategic intervention to reduce injuries in an at risk athletic population.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43876667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.43
H. Sadeghi, Hesam Fazlali, Saba Sadeghi, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmojtaba Ojaghi
Background: In athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiencies could assess functional capabilities with different instruments such as use of a camera in vivo situation. However, these methods have suffered from a large number of limitations such as inability to be repeatable and complexity in technique. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to compare gait pattern of the athletes with ACL injury and able-bodied subjects using an accelerometer. Method: A three-dimensional accelerometer was placed over the tibia tuberosity of 20 healthy and 20 individuals with ACL-deficiencies (ACLD). After walking on the treadmill, the principal components of the acceleration data were calculated using MATLAB software. Results: In this study, Principle Component analysis was used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that subjects with ACL deficiency have different gait pattern compared to the control group. The major differences between stride trajectories of the two groups were at the end of mid-swing and the beginning of terminal swing phases in vertical axis. ACL deficient subjects exhibited different gait patterns during mid and terminal stance phases in anterior- posterior axis compared with normal controls. Conclusions: The difference in gait between subjects with ACL deficiency and healthy subjects are depends on variation in the amount of knee flexion and tibia rotation that could be altered to motor recruitment.
{"title":"Comparison of Gait Pattern in Athletes with ACL Deficiency and Healthy Individual using an Accelerometer","authors":"H. Sadeghi, Hesam Fazlali, Saba Sadeghi, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmojtaba Ojaghi","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.43","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiencies could assess functional capabilities with different instruments such as use of a camera in vivo situation. However, these methods have suffered from a large number of limitations such as inability to be repeatable and complexity in technique. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to compare gait pattern of the athletes with ACL injury and able-bodied subjects using an accelerometer. Method: A three-dimensional accelerometer was placed over the tibia tuberosity of 20 healthy and 20 individuals with ACL-deficiencies (ACLD). After walking on the treadmill, the principal components of the acceleration data were calculated using MATLAB software. Results: In this study, Principle Component analysis was used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that subjects with ACL deficiency have different gait pattern compared to the control group. The major differences between stride trajectories of the two groups were at the end of mid-swing and the beginning of terminal swing phases in vertical axis. ACL deficient subjects exhibited different gait patterns during mid and terminal stance phases in anterior- posterior axis compared with normal controls. Conclusions: The difference in gait between subjects with ACL deficiency and healthy subjects are depends on variation in the amount of knee flexion and tibia rotation that could be altered to motor recruitment.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71368049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.8
T. Reyes, D. Willoughby
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are some of the most common knee injuries that occur in the US, accounting for around 200,000 documented cases per year. Varying levels of severity can determine whether surgery is required or if physical therapy will suffice. One of the most common complications for patients is that there is significant atrophy of the impacted limb. Yet, there has not been definitive proof explaining this mechanism. Objective: The primary goal for this review was to examine some of the biochemical differences that tend to occur within and surrounding an ACL injury and the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle atrophy and regenerative capabilities. Outcome: Multiple studies have found a connection between time spent inactive from the injury and the percentage of retained muscle after exercising again. Among decreases in muscle mass and muscle volume changes, analyses have also revealed alterations in alpha-2 macroglobulin, myostatin, heat shock protein-72, mechano GF-C24E, synovial fluid, and histochemical alterations in collagen and cartilaginous states which all seem to be primary factors in regulating effectiveness and speed of recovery from ACL injury. Conclusion: the influx of various cytokines as a response to the initial injury in relation to inflammation change the chemical and physical environment of the knee, making recovery significantly more difficult and time-consuming. Timing of injury, surgery, and re-initiation of movement after surgery are very important factors that can minimize overall damage and reduce recovery time.
{"title":"Biochemical and Structural Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Following ACL Injury: A Narrative Review","authors":"T. Reyes, D. Willoughby","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are some of the most common knee injuries that occur in the US, accounting for around 200,000 documented cases per year. Varying levels of severity can determine whether surgery is required or if physical therapy will suffice. One of the most common complications for patients is that there is significant atrophy of the impacted limb. Yet, there has not been definitive proof explaining this mechanism. Objective: The primary goal for this review was to examine some of the biochemical differences that tend to occur within and surrounding an ACL injury and the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle atrophy and regenerative capabilities. Outcome: Multiple studies have found a connection between time spent inactive from the injury and the percentage of retained muscle after exercising again. Among decreases in muscle mass and muscle volume changes, analyses have also revealed alterations in alpha-2 macroglobulin, myostatin, heat shock protein-72, mechano GF-C24E, synovial fluid, and histochemical alterations in collagen and cartilaginous states which all seem to be primary factors in regulating effectiveness and speed of recovery from ACL injury. Conclusion: the influx of various cytokines as a response to the initial injury in relation to inflammation change the chemical and physical environment of the knee, making recovery significantly more difficult and time-consuming. Timing of injury, surgery, and re-initiation of movement after surgery are very important factors that can minimize overall damage and reduce recovery time.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42532455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.1
Bradley J. Myers, John P. Manor, James M. Wilson, Victoria A. Yoder, Stuart T. Holden, J. Bunn
Background: Despite the known benefits of physical activity (PA), most of the population in the United States fails to meet minimum recommended levels, and this lack of activity is believed to affect their health and well-being. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare lifestyle behaviors of exercise and sleep in low, moderate, and high performers for maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and hand-grip strength (GS). Methods: Participants (n = 107, 19-62 years old) performed physical fitness assessments: estimated VO2max through submaximal cycle ergometry, and GS. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were assessed via self-reported questionnaires: physical activity as a vital sign (PAVS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants were categorized according to age and gender-specific normative values as low, medium, and high performer (LP, MP, and HP). Group characteristics were compared for each ranked variable using Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: PAVS scores revealed 66.3% (n=68) of participants met minimum PA of 150 min/week (221.6 ± 177.8). According to VO2max performance groups, the LP group was taller, heavier, had higher diastolic blood pressure, and had a larger waist circumference than MP or HP (p =.000-.029), with moderate and high effect sizes. When categorized by relative GS, the LP group was heavier and had larger waist and hip circumferences than the HP group (p =.003-.011), all with high effect sizes. Conclusion: Despite high levels of self-report PA in this cohort, this did not translate to better cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength. Participants met PA guidelines but achieved suboptimal scores for VO2max and GS signifying elevated risk of mortality. The incongruity between PA levels and fitness classification suggest that lifestyle habits may not be a suitable surrogate for objective measurement of fitness.
{"title":"Sleep and Exercise Behaviors Do Not Differ Based Upon Aerobic Capacity or Hand Grip Strength","authors":"Bradley J. Myers, John P. Manor, James M. Wilson, Victoria A. Yoder, Stuart T. Holden, J. Bunn","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the known benefits of physical activity (PA), most of the population in the United States fails to meet minimum recommended levels, and this lack of activity is believed to affect their health and well-being. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare lifestyle behaviors of exercise and sleep in low, moderate, and high performers for maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and hand-grip strength (GS). Methods: Participants (n = 107, 19-62 years old) performed physical fitness assessments: estimated VO2max through submaximal cycle ergometry, and GS. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were assessed via self-reported questionnaires: physical activity as a vital sign (PAVS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants were categorized according to age and gender-specific normative values as low, medium, and high performer (LP, MP, and HP). Group characteristics were compared for each ranked variable using Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: PAVS scores revealed 66.3% (n=68) of participants met minimum PA of 150 min/week (221.6 ± 177.8). According to VO2max performance groups, the LP group was taller, heavier, had higher diastolic blood pressure, and had a larger waist circumference than MP or HP (p =.000-.029), with moderate and high effect sizes. When categorized by relative GS, the LP group was heavier and had larger waist and hip circumferences than the HP group (p =.003-.011), all with high effect sizes. Conclusion: Despite high levels of self-report PA in this cohort, this did not translate to better cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength. Participants met PA guidelines but achieved suboptimal scores for VO2max and GS signifying elevated risk of mortality. The incongruity between PA levels and fitness classification suggest that lifestyle habits may not be a suitable surrogate for objective measurement of fitness.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.37
C. Raines, Trevor W. Frosig, Kurt A. Escobar, J. Cotter, Evan E Schick
Background: Aerobic exercise has been shown to impart anti-inflammatory effects partly through increased secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Still unclear, however, is whether resistance exercise (RE) also enhances IL-6 secretion. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of RE, performed at varying volume loads (VL), on plasma IL-6. Methods: Ten subjects (seven males and three females: age 37.9 ± 11.4 years; height 170.81 ± 11.16 cm; weight 71.36 ± 11.26 Kg.) participated in three randomized RE protocols: high VL (HVL) (5 sets x 20 repetitions at 45% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), medium VL (MVL) (3x12 at 75% 1-RM), and low VL (LVL) (2x4 at 90% 1-RM) each separated by 96 hours. Capillary blood for IL-6 measurements was drawn immediately pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1- and 2-hours post-exercise. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma IL-6 between exercise condition (LVL, MVL, HVL) or at any time point (p=0.422 and p=0.870, respectively). Conclusion: Plasma IL-6 levels are not acutely sensitive to RE, regardless of volume load; therefore, any reported anti-inflammatory effect of RE appears to operate outside of the exercise-induced IL-6 pathway.
{"title":"Acute Resistance Exercise at Varying Volume Loads Does Not Enhance Plasma Interleukin-6","authors":"C. Raines, Trevor W. Frosig, Kurt A. Escobar, J. Cotter, Evan E Schick","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aerobic exercise has been shown to impart anti-inflammatory effects partly through increased secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Still unclear, however, is whether resistance exercise (RE) also enhances IL-6 secretion. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of RE, performed at varying volume loads (VL), on plasma IL-6. Methods: Ten subjects (seven males and three females: age 37.9 ± 11.4 years; height 170.81 ± 11.16 cm; weight 71.36 ± 11.26 Kg.) participated in three randomized RE protocols: high VL (HVL) (5 sets x 20 repetitions at 45% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), medium VL (MVL) (3x12 at 75% 1-RM), and low VL (LVL) (2x4 at 90% 1-RM) each separated by 96 hours. Capillary blood for IL-6 measurements was drawn immediately pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1- and 2-hours post-exercise. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma IL-6 between exercise condition (LVL, MVL, HVL) or at any time point (p=0.422 and p=0.870, respectively). Conclusion: Plasma IL-6 levels are not acutely sensitive to RE, regardless of volume load; therefore, any reported anti-inflammatory effect of RE appears to operate outside of the exercise-induced IL-6 pathway.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46794502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.26
A. Daneshjoo, Aida Tavakol, Hassan Sadeghi
Background: Tai Chi is Chinese martial art strengthening the performance of individuals. Objectives: The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of a Tai Chi exercise period on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Methods: For the purpose of this research, 32 young girls were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two groups: Tai Chi training group (21 subjects; mean ± SD; age 22.05±2.4 weight 53.67±6.3 kg, height 1.60±0.5 m) and control group (11 subjects; mean ± SD; age 23.37±0.9 weight 53.64±7.8 kg, height 1.62±0.4 m) players. Static and dynamic balance were measured using Biodex Balance System SD three days before and after a 12-session training period with similar conditions in terms of time and place (75 minutes each session). Results: Mixed repeated measure test showed a significant difference between pre and post-tests in open eye single-foot, closed eye single-foot, open eye two-foot, and closed eye two-foot stances (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was revealed in the control group (p>0.05). While there was better balance state in all stances of Tai Chi group, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this respect (p>0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this research indicated the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Although there was no significant difference in effect of exercise between training and control groups, mean percentage of changes in training group revealed the effectiveness of exercise in training group compared to control. Therefore, Tai Chi exercises can be recommended to treat and prevent injury due to poor balance. We suggested performing Tai Chi more than 12 session in order to enhance it influences.
背景：太极拳是中国武术中加强个人表演的一门技艺。目的：本研究的目的是确定太极运动期对年轻女孩静态和动态平衡的影响。方法：本研究随机抽取32名年轻女孩，随机分为两组：太极拳训练组（21名受试者，平均值±SD；年龄22.05±2.4，体重53.67±6.3 kg，身高1.60±0.5 m）和对照组（11名受试人，平均值为±SD，年龄23.37±0.9，体重53.64±7.8 kg，身高1.6 2±0.4 m）。使用Biodex balance System SD在时间和地点条件相似（每次75分钟）的12节课训练期前后三天测量静态和动态平衡。结果：混合重复测量试验显示，睁眼单足、闭眼单脚、睁眼双足和闭眼双足姿势在试验前后有显著差异（p=0.001）。而对照组无显著差异（p>0.05）。太极组各姿势的平衡状态较好，结论：本研究结果表明，太极拳锻炼对幼女静态和动态平衡的影响是显著的。尽管训练组和对照组之间的运动效果没有显著差异，但训练组的平均变化百分比显示了训练组与对照组相比运动的有效性。因此，可以推荐太极拳练习来治疗和预防因平衡不良而造成的损伤。为了提高太极拳的影响力，我们建议太极拳表演12节以上。
{"title":"Effect of Twelve Sessions of Tai Chi Exercise on Static and Dynamic Balance in Young Girls","authors":"A. Daneshjoo, Aida Tavakol, Hassan Sadeghi","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tai Chi is Chinese martial art strengthening the performance of individuals. Objectives: The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of a Tai Chi exercise period on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Methods: For the purpose of this research, 32 young girls were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two groups: Tai Chi training group (21 subjects; mean ± SD; age 22.05±2.4 weight 53.67±6.3 kg, height 1.60±0.5 m) and control group (11 subjects; mean ± SD; age 23.37±0.9 weight 53.64±7.8 kg, height 1.62±0.4 m) players. Static and dynamic balance were measured using Biodex Balance System SD three days before and after a 12-session training period with similar conditions in terms of time and place (75 minutes each session). Results: Mixed repeated measure test showed a significant difference between pre and post-tests in open eye single-foot, closed eye single-foot, open eye two-foot, and closed eye two-foot stances (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was revealed in the control group (p>0.05). While there was better balance state in all stances of Tai Chi group, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this respect (p>0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this research indicated the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on static and dynamic balance of young girls. Although there was no significant difference in effect of exercise between training and control groups, mean percentage of changes in training group revealed the effectiveness of exercise in training group compared to control. Therefore, Tai Chi exercises can be recommended to treat and prevent injury due to poor balance. We suggested performing Tai Chi more than 12 session in order to enhance it influences.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.14
M. Kosma, Nick Erickson
Background of study: Given the importance of movement and low exercise adherence among young adults, it is imperative to understand reasons for the love of movement. Objective: The purpose of this phronetic, qualitative study was to examine if the values of aerial practice encompassed elements of embodiment, techne (art), and phronesis (practical wisdom). Method: Participants were 13 undergraduate college students in an aerial practice class. Individual-based interview topics included exercise behavior and the values and meaning of aerial practice. Results: All participants were active regardless of aerial practice classification (e.g., beginners vs advanced). Beyond aerial practice, other exercises included dancing, yoga and aerial yoga, Pilates, aerobic activities (e.g., running and spinning classes), rock climbing and hiking, weight lifting, somatics and acrobatics. Based on the first theme, the love of aerial practice, techne aspects reflected fitness, skill improvement; challenging, infinite learning and determination. Art, performativity, fluidity included techne and embodiment, while the sensation of whole-body movement encompassed an embodied element for the love of aerial silks. A combination of phronetic and embodied elements were sense of community and inclusivity; novelty; it fits me. Embodied qualities of the second theme, challenges with aerial practice, included fear, injuries, bruises, pain. Fitness, skill, performance and the struggle to learn new movements linked to techne and the integral parts of movement. Phronetic categories regarding situation-specific reflections were time on the silk and unhealthy competition in the business world (territorial traits and lack of sharing). The third theme was future exercise plans and its categories included phronetic (decision-related) elements: practice and/or teach aerial silks; keep exercising. Conclusion: Artistic, embodied, and phronetic approaches in movement education can enhance the value and pursuit of movement.
{"title":"The Love of Aerial Practice: Art, Embodiment, Phronesis","authors":"M. Kosma, Nick Erickson","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.1p.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background of study: Given the importance of movement and low exercise adherence among young adults, it is imperative to understand reasons for the love of movement. Objective: The purpose of this phronetic, qualitative study was to examine if the values of aerial practice encompassed elements of embodiment, techne (art), and phronesis (practical wisdom). Method: Participants were 13 undergraduate college students in an aerial practice class. Individual-based interview topics included exercise behavior and the values and meaning of aerial practice. Results: All participants were active regardless of aerial practice classification (e.g., beginners vs advanced). Beyond aerial practice, other exercises included dancing, yoga and aerial yoga, Pilates, aerobic activities (e.g., running and spinning classes), rock climbing and hiking, weight lifting, somatics and acrobatics. Based on the first theme, the love of aerial practice, techne aspects reflected fitness, skill improvement; challenging, infinite learning and determination. Art, performativity, fluidity included techne and embodiment, while the sensation of whole-body movement encompassed an embodied element for the love of aerial silks. A combination of phronetic and embodied elements were sense of community and inclusivity; novelty; it fits me. Embodied qualities of the second theme, challenges with aerial practice, included fear, injuries, bruises, pain. Fitness, skill, performance and the struggle to learn new movements linked to techne and the integral parts of movement. Phronetic categories regarding situation-specific reflections were time on the silk and unhealthy competition in the business world (territorial traits and lack of sharing). The third theme was future exercise plans and its categories included phronetic (decision-related) elements: practice and/or teach aerial silks; keep exercising. Conclusion: Artistic, embodied, and phronetic approaches in movement education can enhance the value and pursuit of movement.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45226579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.1
Mattie Pontiff, Li Li, N. Moreau
Background: Lower extremity muscle power is critical for daily activities and athletic performance in clinical populations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of 3 clinically feasible methods to measure lower extremity muscle power during a leg press. Methods: Ten of 26 subjects performed 2 sessions of 5 submaximal leg presses separated by 3-7 days in this repeated-measures cross-sectional design; the remaining performed 1 test session. Power was calculated independently for each method [simple video, linear position transducer, and accelerometer] and compared to the reference force plate. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LOA), and mean bias percentages (%) were used to determine relative and absolute validity. Results: Power measures were reliable for all methods (ICC=.97-.99). All were highly correlated with the force plate (r=.96-.98). Mean bias was -0.8% (LOA: -16.57% to 14.98%) (video), -13.21% (LOA: -23.81% to -2.61%) (position transducer) compared to the force plate. Proportional bias was observed for accelerometry. Conclusion: All methods were reliable and highly correlated with the force plate. Only the video and position transducer demonstrated absolute validity. The position transducer was the most feasible method because of its simplicity and accuracy in measuring power.
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of Three Clinical Methods to Measure Lower Extremity Muscle Power","authors":"Mattie Pontiff, Li Li, N. Moreau","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lower extremity muscle power is critical for daily activities and athletic performance in clinical populations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of 3 clinically feasible methods to measure lower extremity muscle power during a leg press. Methods: Ten of 26 subjects performed 2 sessions of 5 submaximal leg presses separated by 3-7 days in this repeated-measures cross-sectional design; the remaining performed 1 test session. Power was calculated independently for each method [simple video, linear position transducer, and accelerometer] and compared to the reference force plate. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LOA), and mean bias percentages (%) were used to determine relative and absolute validity. Results: Power measures were reliable for all methods (ICC=.97-.99). All were highly correlated with the force plate (r=.96-.98). Mean bias was -0.8% (LOA: -16.57% to 14.98%) (video), -13.21% (LOA: -23.81% to -2.61%) (position transducer) compared to the force plate. Proportional bias was observed for accelerometry. Conclusion: All methods were reliable and highly correlated with the force plate. Only the video and position transducer demonstrated absolute validity. The position transducer was the most feasible method because of its simplicity and accuracy in measuring power.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.22
P. Wilson, C. Kelly, D. Mack, Colin M. Wierts
Background: Physical activity counseling (PAC) is a viable approach for individualizing behavior change yet it is unclear if training opportunities in this area constitute a portion of the curriculum offered to university students by kinesiology departments. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the availability of courses in PAC within the curricular offered by kinesiology departments at the post-secondary level. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2018-2019 undergraduate calendars published by kinesiology departments from universities in Ontario, Canada. Results: Seventeen of the 22 universities (77.3%) reported a department of kinesiology (or equivalent). Every kinesiology department offered courses in human biomechanics and human psychomotor learning or neuroscience. Less than half (n = 7; 41.2%) of these kinesiology departments offered PAC courses. Conclusions: Overall, this study makes it apparent that university students completing a kinesiology degree may have limited access to formal training opportunities devoted exclusively to PAC in comparison to other knowledge domains (e.g., human biomechanics). Based on these results, it seems reasonable to contend that kinesiology programs may warrant reconfiguring to meet the occupational demands of exercise professionals who use PAC to combat physical inactivity.
{"title":"Physical Activity Counseling in Kinesiology Curricula: What is Offered in Ontario?","authors":"P. Wilson, C. Kelly, D. Mack, Colin M. Wierts","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity counseling (PAC) is a viable approach for individualizing behavior change yet it is unclear if training opportunities in this area constitute a portion of the curriculum offered to university students by kinesiology departments. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the availability of courses in PAC within the curricular offered by kinesiology departments at the post-secondary level. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2018-2019 undergraduate calendars published by kinesiology departments from universities in Ontario, Canada. Results: Seventeen of the 22 universities (77.3%) reported a department of kinesiology (or equivalent). Every kinesiology department offered courses in human biomechanics and human psychomotor learning or neuroscience. Less than half (n = 7; 41.2%) of these kinesiology departments offered PAC courses. Conclusions: Overall, this study makes it apparent that university students completing a kinesiology degree may have limited access to formal training opportunities devoted exclusively to PAC in comparison to other knowledge domains (e.g., human biomechanics). Based on these results, it seems reasonable to contend that kinesiology programs may warrant reconfiguring to meet the occupational demands of exercise professionals who use PAC to combat physical inactivity.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49621766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.33
Sofie De Wandel, Tracey Sulak, D. Willoughby
Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.
{"title":"The Effects of Including Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment Protocol of Concussions: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Sofie De Wandel, Tracey Sulak, D. Willoughby","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48599889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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