Background: Sprinting speed as a derivative of lower-body power is considered to be the most vital component of physical ability of the players. Traditional training methods fail to improve sprinting speed of the experienced players up to a certain limit that demands newer training means for further development of speed. Hypergravity Training (HT) has been identified as such a new type of training that was used by few researchers for the improvement of sprinting speed and power of the experienced rugby and soccer players. But it has still not been implemented on the cricketers for the development of sprinting speed. Objective: Therefore, the current randomized control trial was directed to assess the development of sprinting speed of the cricketers through the implementation of HT in comparison with the Normalgravity Training (NT) condition. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental research work. One hundred and five (N=105) state cricketers were selected as subjects. The participants were split into three equal groups (n=35 each) viz. i) Normalgravity Training Group (NGTG), ii) Hypergravity Training Group (HGTG) iii) Control Group (CG). NGTG HGTG groups underwent the same exercise protocol for the periods of twelve weeks in normal hypergravity conditions respectively whereas CG was free from the training intervention. Sprinting speed of the cricketers was measured by a 30m run test. ANCOVA preceded by Tukey’s LSD test were performed for data analysis. Statistical significance was examined at p.05 level. Results: Significant F-value (F=61.122; p 0.001) was observed. Sprinting speed of both training groups (NGTG HGTG) improved significantly (Mean Diff=1.28 0.86; Critical Diff =0.41) in comparison to the CG. HGTG also differed significantly (Mean Diff =0.42; Critical Diff =0.41) when compared with NGTG in sprinting speed. Conclusions: The sprinting speed of HGTG improved better than NGTG. Therefore, HT is found as an effective training means for developing sprinting speed.
{"title":"Effect of Twelve Week Hypergravity Training on Sprinting Speed of the Cricketers","authors":"Sandip Sankar Ghosh, Prosenjit Roy, Raju Biswas, Biswajit Biswas","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sprinting speed as a derivative of lower-body power is considered to be the most vital component of physical ability of the players. Traditional training methods fail to improve sprinting speed of the experienced players up to a certain limit that demands newer training means for further development of speed. Hypergravity Training (HT) has been identified as such a new type of training that was used by few researchers for the improvement of sprinting speed and power of the experienced rugby and soccer players. But it has still not been implemented on the cricketers for the development of sprinting speed. Objective: Therefore, the current randomized control trial was directed to assess the development of sprinting speed of the cricketers through the implementation of HT in comparison with the Normalgravity Training (NT) condition. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental research work. One hundred and five (N=105) state cricketers were selected as subjects. The participants were split into three equal groups (n=35 each) viz. i) Normalgravity Training Group (NGTG), ii) Hypergravity Training Group (HGTG) iii) Control Group (CG). NGTG HGTG groups underwent the same exercise protocol for the periods of twelve weeks in normal hypergravity conditions respectively whereas CG was free from the training intervention. Sprinting speed of the cricketers was measured by a 30m run test. ANCOVA preceded by Tukey’s LSD test were performed for data analysis. Statistical significance was examined at p.05 level. Results: Significant F-value (F=61.122; p 0.001) was observed. Sprinting speed of both training groups (NGTG HGTG) improved significantly (Mean Diff=1.28 0.86; Critical Diff =0.41) in comparison to the CG. HGTG also differed significantly (Mean Diff =0.42; Critical Diff =0.41) when compared with NGTG in sprinting speed. Conclusions: The sprinting speed of HGTG improved better than NGTG. Therefore, HT is found as an effective training means for developing sprinting speed.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41990951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.18
Andrew Sortwell, M. Behringer, U. Granacher, Kevin Trimble, Pedro Forte, Henrique P Neiva, V. Clemente-Suárez, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Ferman Konukman, Ertan Tufekcioglu, Bijen Filizn, Luís Branquinho, Ricardo Ferraz, Hassan Sadeghi, Juan Jaime Arroyo-Toledo
Background: The inappropriate usage of terms and concepts and/or unclear definitions provided in the scientific literature hinder progress in any scientific field. This risk is especially noticeable in applied fields of research such as sports science and physical education. Objective: This study explored existing literature that uses the term ‘motor performance skills’ and aimed to propose a comprehensive definition to be applied in future research. Method: Following an adapted scoping approach grounded in the rapid review model, we searched electronic databases Pub-Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2022. The primary demographic focus was sports science and physical education disciplines. After screening of titles and abstracts, 184 papers were identified for a full review. Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria from the full review and received qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis focused on the elaborated qualities of the term ‘motor performance skill’. Coding was used to identify and extract content, identify patterns, and observe the depth of interpretation of the term. Results: Only six papers used descriptive language, and three used explanatory language to convey aspects of the term’s meaning. All included papers extrapolated or provided examples to demonstrate the term’s meaning. Based on a collaborative process, the study reached a proposed definition that has the potential to be coined for the term ‘motor performance skills’ and used in future research. Conclusion: Thus, the current analysis revealed the need to collaboratively address the conceptual ambiguity and develop a comprehensive definition of ‘motor performance skills’
背景:科学文献中术语和概念的不恰当使用和/或定义不明确会阻碍任何科学领域的进步。这种风险在运动科学和体育教育等应用研究领域尤为明显。目的:本研究探讨了现有文献中使用“运动表现技能”一词的情况，旨在提出一个全面的定义，以便在未来的研究中应用。方法:采用基于快速评审模型的适应性范围确定方法，我们检索了pubm - med /Medline、Web of Science和Scopus电子数据库，检索时间截止到2022年2月。主要的人口重点是运动科学和体育学科。在对题目和摘要进行筛选后，184篇论文被确定为全面审查。22篇论文符合完整综述的纳入标准，并进行了定性内容分析。定性内容分析侧重于“运动表现技能”这一术语的详细素质。编码用于识别和提取内容，识别模式，并观察术语解释的深度。结果:只有六篇论文使用描述性语言，三篇使用解释性语言来传达术语的含义。所有包括的论文都推断或提供了例子来证明该术语的含义。在协作过程的基础上，该研究达成了一个拟议的定义，该定义有可能被创造为“运动表现技能”一词，并用于未来的研究。结论:因此，目前的分析表明，需要合作解决概念上的歧义，并对“运动表现技能”进行全面的定义。
{"title":"Advancing Sports Science and Physical Education Research Through a Shared Understanding of the Term Motor Performance Skills: A Scoping Review with Content Analysis","authors":"Andrew Sortwell, M. Behringer, U. Granacher, Kevin Trimble, Pedro Forte, Henrique P Neiva, V. Clemente-Suárez, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Ferman Konukman, Ertan Tufekcioglu, Bijen Filizn, Luís Branquinho, Ricardo Ferraz, Hassan Sadeghi, Juan Jaime Arroyo-Toledo","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The inappropriate usage of terms and concepts and/or unclear definitions provided in the scientific literature hinder progress in any scientific field. This risk is especially noticeable in applied fields of research such as sports science and physical education. Objective: This study explored existing literature that uses the term ‘motor performance skills’ and aimed to propose a comprehensive definition to be applied in future research. Method: Following an adapted scoping approach grounded in the rapid review model, we searched electronic databases Pub-Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2022. The primary demographic focus was sports science and physical education disciplines. After screening of titles and abstracts, 184 papers were identified for a full review. Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria from the full review and received qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis focused on the elaborated qualities of the term ‘motor performance skill’. Coding was used to identify and extract content, identify patterns, and observe the depth of interpretation of the term. Results: Only six papers used descriptive language, and three used explanatory language to convey aspects of the term’s meaning. All included papers extrapolated or provided examples to demonstrate the term’s meaning. Based on a collaborative process, the study reached a proposed definition that has the potential to be coined for the term ‘motor performance skills’ and used in future research. Conclusion: Thus, the current analysis revealed the need to collaboratively address the conceptual ambiguity and develop a comprehensive definition of ‘motor performance skills’","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.1
Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, H. Kilani, D. Bellar, Olivia R. Huffman, L. Judge
Background: Blood lactate (La-) is commonly assessed in tests of sport performance. Sports that utilize intermittent high intensity effort, monitoring of La- from previous exercise can be useful to document intensity of effort. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role La- played during successive Wingate (Win) tests and subsequent anaerobic exercise performance. Method: Well-trained, national team athletes from Jordan (n = 31) volunteered to participate. A quasi-experimental design was utilized to test Win performance and La- concentration. All participants engage in two Win tests with one minute rest between sets. La- was collected at four time points (prior to Win test 1, immediately after Win 1, after Win 2 and after a 10 minute recovery period). Results: Findings from a multiple linear regression model (p = 0.032) showed increased levels of La- accumulation as a predictor to higher power and strength (p = 0.046). Conversely, peak aerobic capacity was a predictor for decreasing La- accumulation over time (p = 0.039), which may suggest faster recovery. Conclusion: Anaerobic athletes who participate in short, high intense bouts of exercise may require high intensity training programs to increase aerobic fitness, power output, and optimal performance. Practical applications include optimizing training programs to reflect competition.
{"title":"The Role of Aerobic Capacity and Strength Levels on Wingate Performance and Lactate Concentrations","authors":"Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, H. Kilani, D. Bellar, Olivia R. Huffman, L. Judge","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood lactate (La-) is commonly assessed in tests of sport performance. Sports that utilize intermittent high intensity effort, monitoring of La- from previous exercise can be useful to document intensity of effort. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role La- played during successive Wingate (Win) tests and subsequent anaerobic exercise performance. Method: Well-trained, national team athletes from Jordan (n = 31) volunteered to participate. A quasi-experimental design was utilized to test Win performance and La- concentration. All participants engage in two Win tests with one minute rest between sets. La- was collected at four time points (prior to Win test 1, immediately after Win 1, after Win 2 and after a 10 minute recovery period). Results: Findings from a multiple linear regression model (p = 0.032) showed increased levels of La- accumulation as a predictor to higher power and strength (p = 0.046). Conversely, peak aerobic capacity was a predictor for decreasing La- accumulation over time (p = 0.039), which may suggest faster recovery. Conclusion: Anaerobic athletes who participate in short, high intense bouts of exercise may require high intensity training programs to increase aerobic fitness, power output, and optimal performance. Practical applications include optimizing training programs to reflect competition.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.25
Steven Vitti, E. Miele, Michael L. Bruneau Jr., Laura Christoph
Background: CrossFit is a popular high-intensity functional training method. Despite the importance of muscle glycogen in fueling such high-intensity efforts, research exploring the use of a ketogenic diet in CrossFit practitioners is limited. Objectives: To conduct an experimental trial examining the effects of a 6-week ketogenic diet on CrossFit performance parameters. Methods: Eight men and seven women (N = 15; 30.2 ± 4.11 years) were recruited for this experimental study design and were randomly assigned to either the ketogenic diet (KD; n = 8) or the control group (CON; n = 7) for 6 weeks. Several measures of anaerobic performance were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks utilizing the following series of standardized exercise tests: timed 500 m row, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and 3-repetition maximum (3-RM) deadlift. Aerobic capacity was also assessed by measuring VO2peak. In addition, body composition was assessed via BodPod. Results: Multiple 2 X 2 mixed factorial analyses of variance were performed for measures of body composition and aerobic and anaerobic performance variables. No significant differences in body composition (p 0.05), anaerobic performance (p 0.05), or aerobic performance (p 0.05) were observed between groups. Conclusion: A 6-week ad libitum KD had no effect on exercise performance or body composition in CrossFit practitioners. Our findings demonstrate that a KD does not impair CrossFit performance, which may be of interest to those considering a KD when participating in CrossFit.
{"title":"The Effects of a Six-Week Ketogenic Diet on CrossFit Performance Parameters: A Pilot Study","authors":"Steven Vitti, E. Miele, Michael L. Bruneau Jr., Laura Christoph","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: CrossFit is a popular high-intensity functional training method. Despite the importance of muscle glycogen in fueling such high-intensity efforts, research exploring the use of a ketogenic diet in CrossFit practitioners is limited. Objectives: To conduct an experimental trial examining the effects of a 6-week ketogenic diet on CrossFit performance parameters. Methods: Eight men and seven women (N = 15; 30.2 ± 4.11 years) were recruited for this experimental study design and were randomly assigned to either the ketogenic diet (KD; n = 8) or the control group (CON; n = 7) for 6 weeks. Several measures of anaerobic performance were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks utilizing the following series of standardized exercise tests: timed 500 m row, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and 3-repetition maximum (3-RM) deadlift. Aerobic capacity was also assessed by measuring VO2peak. In addition, body composition was assessed via BodPod. Results: Multiple 2 X 2 mixed factorial analyses of variance were performed for measures of body composition and aerobic and anaerobic performance variables. No significant differences in body composition (p 0.05), anaerobic performance (p 0.05), or aerobic performance (p 0.05) were observed between groups. Conclusion: A 6-week ad libitum KD had no effect on exercise performance or body composition in CrossFit practitioners. Our findings demonstrate that a KD does not impair CrossFit performance, which may be of interest to those considering a KD when participating in CrossFit.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.1
Colbert Lehra, Othmane Omalekb, Sam Osborne, Z. Warren, D. Saucier, Reuben F. Burch V, J. Ball, Harish Chanderd
Background: Wearable technology use in sports has amassed increased attention in recent years. Technological advancements have provided less labor-intensive methods for practitioners and athletes to track kinematic movements, workload metrics, and biometric markers to assess performance and safety. As such, wearables research has spread to a variety of sports; however, the specific wearable technologies used in the rugby codes—rugby league and rugby union—have not been reviewed. Objective: Herein, we present a review that aims to understand the use of wearable technology for performance demand quantification and player health assessment in rugby league and rugby union. Method: We classify extant scientific wearable literature into four research categories: Prehabilitation (preventative rehabilitation), Performance, Rehabilitation, and Data Analysis. Results: Eighteen articles were found using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were grouped into these four research categories. Through this review process, Global Positioning System or GPS-based wearables were found to be utilized more when compared to all other wearable devices associated with peer-reviewed studies for the sport of rugby. In general, wearables were found to be used to support player and practitioner efforts to promote health and ensure peak performance prior to competition. Wearables were also used to determine injury severity and mitigation strategies—such as collision monitoring—and to develop positional activity profiles. Conclusion: Data collected through wearable technology may enhance rugby conditioning programs by enabling the tracking of numerous aspects of training performance and safety in competitive match play. Future research is warranted for standardization of player evaluation and injury predictive modeling.
{"title":"Wearable Applications in Rugby for Performance Quantification and Player Health Assessment: A Brief Review","authors":"Colbert Lehra, Othmane Omalekb, Sam Osborne, Z. Warren, D. Saucier, Reuben F. Burch V, J. Ball, Harish Chanderd","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wearable technology use in sports has amassed increased attention in recent years. Technological advancements have provided less labor-intensive methods for practitioners and athletes to track kinematic movements, workload metrics, and biometric markers to assess performance and safety. As such, wearables research has spread to a variety of sports; however, the specific wearable technologies used in the rugby codes—rugby league and rugby union—have not been reviewed. Objective: Herein, we present a review that aims to understand the use of wearable technology for performance demand quantification and player health assessment in rugby league and rugby union. Method: We classify extant scientific wearable literature into four research categories: Prehabilitation (preventative rehabilitation), Performance, Rehabilitation, and Data Analysis. Results: Eighteen articles were found using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were grouped into these four research categories. Through this review process, Global Positioning System or GPS-based wearables were found to be utilized more when compared to all other wearable devices associated with peer-reviewed studies for the sport of rugby. In general, wearables were found to be used to support player and practitioner efforts to promote health and ensure peak performance prior to competition. Wearables were also used to determine injury severity and mitigation strategies—such as collision monitoring—and to develop positional activity profiles. Conclusion: Data collected through wearable technology may enhance rugby conditioning programs by enabling the tracking of numerous aspects of training performance and safety in competitive match play. Future research is warranted for standardization of player evaluation and injury predictive modeling.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42645903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.51
J. Cotter, Makenzie Stade, Bria G. Morse, Evan E Schick
Background: Use of compression garments during and after exercise has gained notable popularity, yet their utility in augmenting performance and recovery from resistance exercise remains elusive. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wearing compression garments during resistance exercise on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), muscle fatigue and muscle oxygenation. Methods: Ten healthy, untrained individuals (8 females, 2 males, 22.10 ± 2.23 years, 159.09 ± 3.47 cm, 66.22 ±15.93 kg; mean ± SD) performed two exercise trials in a randomized crossover (within-subject) design: 1) with compression garments worn on the legs and 2) without compression. Exercise trials were randomized and separated by seven days. Participants performed 12 sets of 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension, at a velocity of 120 degrees per second, in the CON/ECC mode of a HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle oxygenation of the vastus medialis oblique was assessed using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS-21, Hamamatsu). Leg circumference, ratings of perceived muscle soreness (RPMS) and blood samples for creatine kinase (CK) were collected before, immediately after, and 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. Results: Total hemoglobin (p = 0.021) and deoxyhemoglobin (p 0.001) were significantly reduced by 8.6% and 9.2% respectively with compression compared to control. No significant differences were found in oxyhemoglobin, oxygen saturation, muscle fatigue, leg circumference, RPMS and CK (p = 0.0791) between conditions. Conclusions: Although lower body compression worn during resistance exercise reduced total hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, there was no impact on muscle fatigue, RPMS, leg circumference or CK.
{"title":"Graded Compression Garments Worn During Resistance Exercise: Impact on Muscle Damage, Fatigue, and Oxygenation in Untrained Individuals","authors":"J. Cotter, Makenzie Stade, Bria G. Morse, Evan E Schick","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Use of compression garments during and after exercise has gained notable popularity, yet their utility in augmenting performance and recovery from resistance exercise remains elusive. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wearing compression garments during resistance exercise on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), muscle fatigue and muscle oxygenation. Methods: Ten healthy, untrained individuals (8 females, 2 males, 22.10 ± 2.23 years, 159.09 ± 3.47 cm, 66.22 ±15.93 kg; mean ± SD) performed two exercise trials in a randomized crossover (within-subject) design: 1) with compression garments worn on the legs and 2) without compression. Exercise trials were randomized and separated by seven days. Participants performed 12 sets of 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension, at a velocity of 120 degrees per second, in the CON/ECC mode of a HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle oxygenation of the vastus medialis oblique was assessed using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS-21, Hamamatsu). Leg circumference, ratings of perceived muscle soreness (RPMS) and blood samples for creatine kinase (CK) were collected before, immediately after, and 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. Results: Total hemoglobin (p = 0.021) and deoxyhemoglobin (p 0.001) were significantly reduced by 8.6% and 9.2% respectively with compression compared to control. No significant differences were found in oxyhemoglobin, oxygen saturation, muscle fatigue, leg circumference, RPMS and CK (p = 0.0791) between conditions. Conclusions: Although lower body compression worn during resistance exercise reduced total hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, there was no impact on muscle fatigue, RPMS, leg circumference or CK.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.34
Yangyang Deng, Yongju Hwang, Taewoo Kim, Sami R. Yli-Piipari
Background: It is less known how the constraints placed upon public spaces and social interaction have impacted college students’ motivation to be physically active. Objective: This study examined, first, the changes in college students’ body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and self-determined motivation before and during the COVID-19 third-wave lockdown and, second, the role of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-determined motivation on BMI during the lockdown. Method: This study was a longitudinal prospective study with two data collection phases. A sample of 104 college students (69 females, 35 males, Mage = 18.19[1.5]) completing both pre- and posttest data turned in self-report data on BMI, PA (vigorous PA - VPA, moderate PA - MPA), MVPA, and self-determined motivation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in participants’ BMI (t[79] = 4.70[2.98], p =.001, d =.11) but no statistically significant changes in PA. The findings demonstrated changes in college students’ integrated regulation (↓; t[78]= -3.20[.16], p =.002, d =.35), identified regulation (↓; t[76] = -4.07[.16], p .001, d =.52), extrinsic regulation (↑; t[78] = 2.28[1.80], p =.025, d =.02), and amotivation (↑; t[78] = 4.42[1.21], p .001, d =.48). Finally, neither PA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI, but the previous MVPA and BMI did. Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 had a negative impact on self-determined motivation decreasing adaptive and increasing maladaptive motivation. However, neither MVPA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI during the COVID-19 lockdown. Instead, pre-COVID BMI (large effect) and MVPA (small effect) determined students’ BMI during the lockdown.
背景:对公共空间和社会互动的限制是如何影响大学生体育锻炼的动机的，目前还不太清楚。目的:研究新冠肺炎疫情第三波封城前和封城期间大学生身体质量指数(BMI)、体力活动(PA)和自我决定动机的变化，以及中高强度体力活动(MVPA)和自我决定动机在封城期间对BMI的影响。方法:本研究采用纵向前瞻性研究，资料收集分为两个阶段。104名大学生(女69名，男35名，Mage = 18.19[1.5])完成了前测和后测数据，提交了BMI、PA(剧烈PA - VPA、中度PA - MPA)、MVPA和自我决定动机的自述数据。结果:研究结果显示，受试者BMI升高有统计学意义(t[79] = 4.70[2.98]， p =。0.001, d =.11)，但PA无统计学意义变化。研究结果显示了大学生综合调节能力的变化(↓;-3.20 t[78] =[。[16]， p =。002, d =.35)，确定调控(↓;[76] = -4.07[.][16]， p .001, d =.52)，外在调节(↑;T [78] = 2.28[1.80]， p =。025, d =.02)和动机(↑;T [78] = 4.42[1.21]， p .001, d =.48)。最后，PA和自我决定动机对BMI都没有影响，但之前的MVPA和BMI有影响。结论:新冠肺炎对自我决定动机有负面影响，适应性动机减少，非适应性动机增加。然而，在新冠肺炎封锁期间，MVPA和自我决定动机都没有在BMI中发挥作用。相反，新冠肺炎前的BMI(大影响)和MVPA(小影响)决定了封锁期间学生的BMI。
{"title":"Changes in College Students’ Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Motivation Before and During the COVID-19 Third-wave Lockdown","authors":"Yangyang Deng, Yongju Hwang, Taewoo Kim, Sami R. Yli-Piipari","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is less known how the constraints placed upon public spaces and social interaction have impacted college students’ motivation to be physically active. Objective: This study examined, first, the changes in college students’ body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and self-determined motivation before and during the COVID-19 third-wave lockdown and, second, the role of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-determined motivation on BMI during the lockdown. Method: This study was a longitudinal prospective study with two data collection phases. A sample of 104 college students (69 females, 35 males, Mage = 18.19[1.5]) completing both pre- and posttest data turned in self-report data on BMI, PA (vigorous PA - VPA, moderate PA - MPA), MVPA, and self-determined motivation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in participants’ BMI (t[79] = 4.70[2.98], p =.001, d =.11) but no statistically significant changes in PA. The findings demonstrated changes in college students’ integrated regulation (↓; t[78]= -3.20[.16], p =.002, d =.35), identified regulation (↓; t[76] = -4.07[.16], p .001, d =.52), extrinsic regulation (↑; t[78] = 2.28[1.80], p =.025, d =.02), and amotivation (↑; t[78] = 4.42[1.21], p .001, d =.48). Finally, neither PA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI, but the previous MVPA and BMI did. Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 had a negative impact on self-determined motivation decreasing adaptive and increasing maladaptive motivation. However, neither MVPA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI during the COVID-19 lockdown. Instead, pre-COVID BMI (large effect) and MVPA (small effect) determined students’ BMI during the lockdown.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.16
Johansyah Lubis, Nakrob Thongdaeng, Aridhotul Haqiyah, A. Sukur, Dindin Abidin, Astri Ayu Irawan, Sri Sumartiningsih, Yulingga Nanda Hanief
Background: Background: The direction of coaching is emphasized as a factor affecting the physical conditions of pencak silat martial arts athletes in all categories. One of the physical exercises that affects body composition is aerobic activity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic interval (AI) training performed for five weeks on the body mass index (BMI), basal heart rate, and the VO2max of elite athletes. Methods: The study used an experimental design involving total sampling. Thirty national-level pencak silat elite athletes (17 men and 13 women) were involved in this study. Of the participants, 23 had a normal BMI of 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2, and 7 had a BMI above 25 kg/m2 (overweight). Their average age was 23.67 + 4.10 years with an average height of 166.03 + 7.15) cm and average initial weight of 64.84 + 12.65 kg. They were in the preparation phase of their training. This experimental research used a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The Mi Xiaomi Body Scale 2 was used for bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and body composition (body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone mass, protein percentage, total water body percentage, visceral fat, body age, muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate [BMR]) and VO2max measurements were acquired using a multistage fitness test (MFT). The athletes lived in a dormitory where the food, type of training and exercise, and sleeping time were controlled to the exact condition. The AI training lasted 67–77 minutes per session, twice a week for five weeks, with vigorous intensity at 80–85% of the maximal heart rate, 5 minutes per interval, and 1 minute of rest between each interval. Results: The weight, BMI, body fat percentage, basal heart rate, and VO2max showed significant differences (p 0.05) after five weeks of AI training. However, AI training did not significantly alter muscle mass, percentage of water, percentage of protein, bone mineral density, or biological age. Conclusion: AI training performed for five weeks improved VO2max and decreased basal heart rate, body weight, and fat percentage.
{"title":"The Effect of Five-Week Aerobic Interval Training on The Body Composition of Pencak Silat Elite Athletes","authors":"Johansyah Lubis, Nakrob Thongdaeng, Aridhotul Haqiyah, A. Sukur, Dindin Abidin, Astri Ayu Irawan, Sri Sumartiningsih, Yulingga Nanda Hanief","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background: The direction of coaching is emphasized as a factor affecting the physical conditions of pencak silat martial arts athletes in all categories. One of the physical exercises that affects body composition is aerobic activity. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic interval (AI) training performed for five weeks on the body mass index (BMI), basal heart rate, and the VO2max of elite athletes. Methods: The study used an experimental design involving total sampling. Thirty national-level pencak silat elite athletes (17 men and 13 women) were involved in this study. Of the participants, 23 had a normal BMI of 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2, and 7 had a BMI above 25 kg/m2 (overweight). Their average age was 23.67 + 4.10 years with an average height of 166.03 + 7.15) cm and average initial weight of 64.84 + 12.65 kg. They were in the preparation phase of their training. This experimental research used a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The Mi Xiaomi Body Scale 2 was used for bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and body composition (body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone mass, protein percentage, total water body percentage, visceral fat, body age, muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate [BMR]) and VO2max measurements were acquired using a multistage fitness test (MFT). The athletes lived in a dormitory where the food, type of training and exercise, and sleeping time were controlled to the exact condition. The AI training lasted 67–77 minutes per session, twice a week for five weeks, with vigorous intensity at 80–85% of the maximal heart rate, 5 minutes per interval, and 1 minute of rest between each interval. Results: The weight, BMI, body fat percentage, basal heart rate, and VO2max showed significant differences (p 0.05) after five weeks of AI training. However, AI training did not significantly alter muscle mass, percentage of water, percentage of protein, bone mineral density, or biological age. Conclusion: AI training performed for five weeks improved VO2max and decreased basal heart rate, body weight, and fat percentage.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.11
Marissa L Bello, Derick A. Anglin, Zachary M. Gillen, JohnEric W Smith
Background: Wearable technology has increased in popularity due to its live feedback and ability to adjust within training sessions. In addition to heart rate (HR) monitoring, measuring power and internal load may provide useful insight and a more comprehensive view of training differences. Objectives: Assess the efficacy of wearable technology in endurance runners to determine changes in performance variables with varying wind resistance. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was designed and recruited twelve endurance-trained runners currently running ≥120 min/week for the past 3 months. Participants completed two sessions: V̇O2peak testing, and a 20-min run at 70% V̇O2peak. The run was evenly divided into no wind resistance (W0) and 16.1 km/h wind resistance (W16). Power was assessed via a power meter and internal/external load measured via surface EMG sensor-embedded compression shorts. A HR sensor was used and V̇O2 and RER were monitored using a metabolic cart. Paired t-tests were used to compare differences and Pearson correlations were conducted for each segment. Significance was set a priori at p0.05. Results: There were significant differences in power (W16 W0; p=0.002), as well as a strong positive correlation between power and internal load for W0 (r=0.692; p=0.013) and W16 (r=0.657; p=0.02). Conclusions: The lack of significance changes in HR, V̇O2, and RER demonstrates a sustained similar physiological response. The significant increase observed in power suggests the power meter can be useful in differentiating wind resistance, and the positive correlations suggest a combination of these devices may be beneficial in distinguishing performance changes during fluctuating conditions.
{"title":"The Use of Wearable Technology to Quantify Power and Muscle Load Differences During Running Against Varying Wind Resistances","authors":"Marissa L Bello, Derick A. Anglin, Zachary M. Gillen, JohnEric W Smith","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wearable technology has increased in popularity due to its live feedback and ability to adjust within training sessions. In addition to heart rate (HR) monitoring, measuring power and internal load may provide useful insight and a more comprehensive view of training differences. Objectives: Assess the efficacy of wearable technology in endurance runners to determine changes in performance variables with varying wind resistance. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was designed and recruited twelve endurance-trained runners currently running ≥120 min/week for the past 3 months. Participants completed two sessions: V̇O2peak testing, and a 20-min run at 70% V̇O2peak. The run was evenly divided into no wind resistance (W0) and 16.1 km/h wind resistance (W16). Power was assessed via a power meter and internal/external load measured via surface EMG sensor-embedded compression shorts. A HR sensor was used and V̇O2 and RER were monitored using a metabolic cart. Paired t-tests were used to compare differences and Pearson correlations were conducted for each segment. Significance was set a priori at p0.05. Results: There were significant differences in power (W16 W0; p=0.002), as well as a strong positive correlation between power and internal load for W0 (r=0.692; p=0.013) and W16 (r=0.657; p=0.02). Conclusions: The lack of significance changes in HR, V̇O2, and RER demonstrates a sustained similar physiological response. The significant increase observed in power suggests the power meter can be useful in differentiating wind resistance, and the positive correlations suggest a combination of these devices may be beneficial in distinguishing performance changes during fluctuating conditions.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46299431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.42
Luís Branquinhoa, Ricardo Ferraz, J. Teixeira, H. Neiva, Andrew Sortweel, Pedro Forte, D. Marinho, M. C. Marquesb
Background of Study: Plyometric training (PT) programs can improve several motor skills during the pre-season. Even so, its impact during the pre-season specifically in futsal remains unclear. Objective: The present observational study examines the impact of a six-week PT program that included varied strength exercises in adult male futsal players. Method: Fourteen futsal players from a Portuguese men’s sub-elite team that competed in a national championship (mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age: 25.78±7.05 years) were included in this cross-sectional study that analyzed the consequences of a PT program during the pre-season, followed by four weeks of detraining. Players were monitored 3 times: at the beginning, after six weeks of PT and four weeks after the end of PT. Results: The current research presented significant mean changes with the application of the training program in the three assessment moments for agility (small to moderate effect), countermovement jump (CMJ) height (trivial to small effect), and sprint performance (trivial to moderate large effect). When assessing the mean differences between pre- and post-training, the differences are more evident in their magnitude (Δ = -12.73 to 3.69%, d = 0.38 to 2.08). Furthermore, the PT program showed the greatest influence on 20 m sprint with a large effect (Δ = -12.73%, d = 2.08), followed by a small and moderate effect for agility (Δ = -6.46%, d = 0.85) and for the 10 m sprint (Δ = -3.53%, d = 0.38). Conclusions: These results confirmed the impact of a six-week plyometric training during the pre-season in sub-elite futsal players. This new evidence can be particularly useful in pre-season planning in futsal.
{"title":"Effects of a Plyometric Training Program in Sub-Elite Futsal Players During Pre-Season Period","authors":"Luís Branquinhoa, Ricardo Ferraz, J. Teixeira, H. Neiva, Andrew Sortweel, Pedro Forte, D. Marinho, M. C. Marquesb","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.42","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: Plyometric training (PT) programs can improve several motor skills during the pre-season. Even so, its impact during the pre-season specifically in futsal remains unclear. Objective: The present observational study examines the impact of a six-week PT program that included varied strength exercises in adult male futsal players. Method: Fourteen futsal players from a Portuguese men’s sub-elite team that competed in a national championship (mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age: 25.78±7.05 years) were included in this cross-sectional study that analyzed the consequences of a PT program during the pre-season, followed by four weeks of detraining. Players were monitored 3 times: at the beginning, after six weeks of PT and four weeks after the end of PT. Results: The current research presented significant mean changes with the application of the training program in the three assessment moments for agility (small to moderate effect), countermovement jump (CMJ) height (trivial to small effect), and sprint performance (trivial to moderate large effect). When assessing the mean differences between pre- and post-training, the differences are more evident in their magnitude (Δ = -12.73 to 3.69%, d = 0.38 to 2.08). Furthermore, the PT program showed the greatest influence on 20 m sprint with a large effect (Δ = -12.73%, d = 2.08), followed by a small and moderate effect for agility (Δ = -6.46%, d = 0.85) and for the 10 m sprint (Δ = -3.53%, d = 0.38). Conclusions: These results confirmed the impact of a six-week plyometric training during the pre-season in sub-elite futsal players. This new evidence can be particularly useful in pre-season planning in futsal.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41694495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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