Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.29
Paul T. Donahue, Juliana Moore, Ayden K McInnis, Jeffrey D. Simpson, John C Garner
Background of Study: The countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) task has been reported to have positive associations with golf-specific performance variables. Additionally, the CMJ is commonly used to assess neuromuscular fatigue in athletic populations. Objective: Thus, this investigation sought to examine the changes in CMJ performance throughout a competitive season in NCAA collegiate women’s golfers. Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, six collegiate women golfers completed three sessions (pre, mid, and post) of CMJ testing during the spring competition period. During each testing session, two successful jump trials were collected using a portable force platform sampling at 1000 Hz. During each trial, an arm swing was restricted by the use of a dowel placed across the upper back. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine if differences were present between testing sessions. Results: Propulsive net impulse significantly increased from pre to mid (p 0.05) and pre to post (p 0.05). No other variables showed a statistically significant change over the duration of the study, though moderate effect size increases were in countermovement depth from pre to mid-testing (0.73) and jump height from pre to post-testing (0.72). Conclusions: These findings support previous findings of an increase in vertical jump performance over the course of a season in collegiate golfers, though strategies for maximal performance may shift.
{"title":"Seasonal Change in Countermovement Jump Performance in NCAA Women’s Golfers","authors":"Paul T. Donahue, Juliana Moore, Ayden K McInnis, Jeffrey D. Simpson, John C Garner","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: The countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) task has been reported to have positive associations with golf-specific performance variables. Additionally, the CMJ is commonly used to assess neuromuscular fatigue in athletic populations. Objective: Thus, this investigation sought to examine the changes in CMJ performance throughout a competitive season in NCAA collegiate women’s golfers. Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, six collegiate women golfers completed three sessions (pre, mid, and post) of CMJ testing during the spring competition period. During each testing session, two successful jump trials were collected using a portable force platform sampling at 1000 Hz. During each trial, an arm swing was restricted by the use of a dowel placed across the upper back. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine if differences were present between testing sessions. Results: Propulsive net impulse significantly increased from pre to mid (p 0.05) and pre to post (p 0.05). No other variables showed a statistically significant change over the duration of the study, though moderate effect size increases were in countermovement depth from pre to mid-testing (0.73) and jump height from pre to post-testing (0.72). Conclusions: These findings support previous findings of an increase in vertical jump performance over the course of a season in collegiate golfers, though strategies for maximal performance may shift.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.36
Nita Bandyopadhyay, Tuhin Das
Background: Technological inventions are promoting a sedentary lifestyle. With aging limited physical activities result in postural instability, falls, and mobility reduction, for which the two physical fitness components - balance and flexibility play indispensable roles. Among many exercise protocols, Pilates is one of the most beneficial regimens for developing core muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity in middle-aged women. Purpose: The purpose of the current pilot study was to examine the influence of a nine-week home-based Pilates exercise (HBPE) program on the balance and trunk mobility of middle-aged women. Methodology: This pilot study adopted a quasi-experimental design with 40 non-exercising middle-aged women (age 40–60 years) who were purposively enrolled in a Pilates exercise group (PEG, n=20; mean age= 52.05±5.93 years) and a Control group (CNG, n= 20; mean age= 51.90±5.88 years). The PEG was exposed to three weekly sessions of 50–60 minutes for nine weeks of Pilates exercises, while the CNG used to perform only their daily usual activities. One-leg stand test, Timed up and go test, and Sit-and-reach test had been administered twice before and after the intervention of the HBPE program to evaluate their static balance, dynamic balance, and trunk flexibility respectively. Result: Nine weeks of the HBPE program significantly influenced the static balance (t= -4.901, p=0.001, Δ% = 9.82), dynamic balance (t= 2.582, p=0.018, Δ% = -1.02), and trunk flexibility (t= -8.000, p=0.001, Δ% = 2.51) among the participants of PEG, while CNG showed no significant changes in those dependent variables. Conclusion: The current pilot study concludes that nine weeks of the HBPE program can significantly improve the balance and trunk flexibility of non-exercising middle-aged women and thereby can increase postural stability and trunk mobility.
{"title":"Home-Based Pilates Exercise Regimen Can Alter the Balance and Trunk Mobility of Non-Exercising Middle-Aged Women: A Pilot Study","authors":"Nita Bandyopadhyay, Tuhin Das","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Technological inventions are promoting a sedentary lifestyle. With aging limited physical activities result in postural instability, falls, and mobility reduction, for which the two physical fitness components - balance and flexibility play indispensable roles. Among many exercise protocols, Pilates is one of the most beneficial regimens for developing core muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity in middle-aged women. Purpose: The purpose of the current pilot study was to examine the influence of a nine-week home-based Pilates exercise (HBPE) program on the balance and trunk mobility of middle-aged women. Methodology: This pilot study adopted a quasi-experimental design with 40 non-exercising middle-aged women (age 40–60 years) who were purposively enrolled in a Pilates exercise group (PEG, n=20; mean age= 52.05±5.93 years) and a Control group (CNG, n= 20; mean age= 51.90±5.88 years). The PEG was exposed to three weekly sessions of 50–60 minutes for nine weeks of Pilates exercises, while the CNG used to perform only their daily usual activities. One-leg stand test, Timed up and go test, and Sit-and-reach test had been administered twice before and after the intervention of the HBPE program to evaluate their static balance, dynamic balance, and trunk flexibility respectively. Result: Nine weeks of the HBPE program significantly influenced the static balance (t= -4.901, p=0.001, Δ% = 9.82), dynamic balance (t= 2.582, p=0.018, Δ% = -1.02), and trunk flexibility (t= -8.000, p=0.001, Δ% = 2.51) among the participants of PEG, while CNG showed no significant changes in those dependent variables. Conclusion: The current pilot study concludes that nine weeks of the HBPE program can significantly improve the balance and trunk flexibility of non-exercising middle-aged women and thereby can increase postural stability and trunk mobility.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.1
T. Nikodelis, V. Gourgoulis, A. Lola, Ioannis Ntampakis, I. Kollias
Background: Front crawl and backstroke share similar trunk rotating characteristics and tempt coaches to transfer teaching parts from one stroke to the other intuitively. However, the degree of similarity has yet to be determined. The coordination of the pelvis and the 7th cervical vertebrae (C7), during yaw and roll rotation, when sprint swimming front crawl, and backstroke was studied. Methods: Thirty-four swimmers were assessed on their performance in25m-sprint of each stroke. Using inertial sensors, each segment’s time series of angular displacement was calculated. Their amplitudes, mean autocorrelation values, max cross-correlation coefficient, phase lag, and relative power at the main frequency were analyzed. For all comparisons, the p-value was set to 0.05. Results: Pelvis yaw and roll and C7 roll amplitudes were greater at backstroke, C7 yaw was greater at front crawl. Autocorrelations ranged from 0.79 to 0.82 except for the pelvis at front crawl in yaw which was 0.72±0.16. Relative power at the main frequency ranged from 47% to 52% except for the yaw pelvis’ at the front crawl which was lower (32.81±14.09%). Backstroke had larger mean values in all cases and roll had larger mean values than yaw. Cross-correlation between the two segments yielded higher values at roll. At roll direction, the leading segment in the front crawl was the pelvis while in backstroke, it was the C7 which was true in all cases. In all cases, the coupling was slightly deviating from in-phase mode except from backstroke yaw which yield phase lag values of -13.35±1.14% of stroke cycle time. Conclusions: Although both strokes share similar characteristics their intersegmental coupling differs. The findings of the study imply that proper focus should be given to enhance only a positive transfer of learning between the two strokes.
{"title":"Front Crawl and Backstroke Sprint Swimming have Distinct Differences along with Similar Patterns Regarding Trunk Rotations","authors":"T. Nikodelis, V. Gourgoulis, A. Lola, Ioannis Ntampakis, I. Kollias","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Front crawl and backstroke share similar trunk rotating characteristics and tempt coaches to transfer teaching parts from one stroke to the other intuitively. However, the degree of similarity has yet to be determined. The coordination of the pelvis and the 7th cervical vertebrae (C7), during yaw and roll rotation, when sprint swimming front crawl, and backstroke was studied. Methods: Thirty-four swimmers were assessed on their performance in25m-sprint of each stroke. Using inertial sensors, each segment’s time series of angular displacement was calculated. Their amplitudes, mean autocorrelation values, max cross-correlation coefficient, phase lag, and relative power at the main frequency were analyzed. For all comparisons, the p-value was set to 0.05. Results: Pelvis yaw and roll and C7 roll amplitudes were greater at backstroke, C7 yaw was greater at front crawl. Autocorrelations ranged from 0.79 to 0.82 except for the pelvis at front crawl in yaw which was 0.72±0.16. Relative power at the main frequency ranged from 47% to 52% except for the yaw pelvis’ at the front crawl which was lower (32.81±14.09%). Backstroke had larger mean values in all cases and roll had larger mean values than yaw. Cross-correlation between the two segments yielded higher values at roll. At roll direction, the leading segment in the front crawl was the pelvis while in backstroke, it was the C7 which was true in all cases. In all cases, the coupling was slightly deviating from in-phase mode except from backstroke yaw which yield phase lag values of -13.35±1.14% of stroke cycle time. Conclusions: Although both strokes share similar characteristics their intersegmental coupling differs. The findings of the study imply that proper focus should be given to enhance only a positive transfer of learning between the two strokes.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.46
Briana Toews, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker
Background: Diet monitoring is part of an athlete’s health and performance assessment, and adequate nutrition is known to be a method that can positively influence the reduction in exercise-induced injury. However, the concept of nutritional preparedness as a screening tool to identify low energy availability for the competitive season is not mainstream practise. Objectives: Our pilot study investigated three aims: 1) changes to nutritional status from the pre-competition phase to the competition phase, 2) living status impact on athlete’s food accessibility, and 3) whether nutritional preparedness in the pre-competition phase influenced the potential for low energy availability during the competition phase. Methods: Female volleyball athletes (N=21, 19-22 yrs., 80% lived off campus) were recruited from 3 universities (Ambrose, Calgary, New Brunswick- Saint John) through social media sites, and word of mouth. Two cross-sectional questionnaires (questions derived from the Short Food Frequency-Q, LEAF-Q, and RED-S screening tool-Q) were administered prior to and during the competitive season. Results: The nutritional assessment score significantly decreased from the pre-competition to competition phase, respectively (n=20, 26.11 ± 4.25; n=12, 20.64 ± 4.74; p=0.022). Many athletes (6/12) reported an injury during the competitive season with an average time loss from sport of 8-14 days. Conclusions: These findings suggest that collegiate female volleyball athletes have a potential for low energy availability, regardless of living status. Future research should build on the nutritional preparedness concept as a method of screening for low energy availability and the influence on injuries sustained during the competition phase.
{"title":"A Potential Screening Tool for Nutritional Preparedness in Collegiate Level Female Athletes: A Pilot study","authors":"Briana Toews, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diet monitoring is part of an athlete’s health and performance assessment, and adequate nutrition is known to be a method that can positively influence the reduction in exercise-induced injury. However, the concept of nutritional preparedness as a screening tool to identify low energy availability for the competitive season is not mainstream practise. Objectives: Our pilot study investigated three aims: 1) changes to nutritional status from the pre-competition phase to the competition phase, 2) living status impact on athlete’s food accessibility, and 3) whether nutritional preparedness in the pre-competition phase influenced the potential for low energy availability during the competition phase. Methods: Female volleyball athletes (N=21, 19-22 yrs., 80% lived off campus) were recruited from 3 universities (Ambrose, Calgary, New Brunswick- Saint John) through social media sites, and word of mouth. Two cross-sectional questionnaires (questions derived from the Short Food Frequency-Q, LEAF-Q, and RED-S screening tool-Q) were administered prior to and during the competitive season. Results: The nutritional assessment score significantly decreased from the pre-competition to competition phase, respectively (n=20, 26.11 ± 4.25; n=12, 20.64 ± 4.74; p=0.022). Many athletes (6/12) reported an injury during the competitive season with an average time loss from sport of 8-14 days. Conclusions: These findings suggest that collegiate female volleyball athletes have a potential for low energy availability, regardless of living status. Future research should build on the nutritional preparedness concept as a method of screening for low energy availability and the influence on injuries sustained during the competition phase.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.8
Q. Gasibat, B. Rani, Denis Čaušević, Seth Spicer, Reniery Pereira da Silva, Yu Xiao, Changqing Xiang, Nabilah Binti Ahmad, Agiela E Rafieda
Objective: This study aims to compile the latest information concerning workplace stretching regimens and to give a panoramic view of their effectiveness in reducing work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: Searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2022 found 723 eligible studies, based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: In the review, 14 included studies recruited subjects aged 18 years, with males (n=813), females (n=5141), and some research did not identify gender (n=3). The included studies were of both high (n=6) and low quality (n=8). Seven studies revealed stretching exercises to be an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention for MSDs, and one study included an active control group observed better improvement in the treatment group. Four trials showed a significant effect from stretching exercises as a stand-alone treatment. Three studies revealed that stretching exercises had a meaningful and major effect on MSDs complaints, while two studies reported no significant results when utilizing Anti-fatigue mats in addition to stretching. Conclusion: The current study indicated that stretching exercises are a crucial and useful technique for preventing and treating pain and function in Work-related MSDs affecting the neck, shoulder, back, etc. Workplace/ergonomic changes can enhance the results of stretching exercises.
{"title":"Impact of Stretching Exercises on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review","authors":"Q. Gasibat, B. Rani, Denis Čaušević, Seth Spicer, Reniery Pereira da Silva, Yu Xiao, Changqing Xiang, Nabilah Binti Ahmad, Agiela E Rafieda","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to compile the latest information concerning workplace stretching regimens and to give a panoramic view of their effectiveness in reducing work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: Searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases from 2010 to 2022 found 723 eligible studies, based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: In the review, 14 included studies recruited subjects aged 18 years, with males (n=813), females (n=5141), and some research did not identify gender (n=3). The included studies were of both high (n=6) and low quality (n=8). Seven studies revealed stretching exercises to be an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention for MSDs, and one study included an active control group observed better improvement in the treatment group. Four trials showed a significant effect from stretching exercises as a stand-alone treatment. Three studies revealed that stretching exercises had a meaningful and major effect on MSDs complaints, while two studies reported no significant results when utilizing Anti-fatigue mats in addition to stretching. Conclusion: The current study indicated that stretching exercises are a crucial and useful technique for preventing and treating pain and function in Work-related MSDs affecting the neck, shoulder, back, etc. Workplace/ergonomic changes can enhance the results of stretching exercises.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.23
Anthony P Sharp, John B Cronin, Jonathon Neville, Shelley N Diewald, Michael Stolberg, Nick Draper, Sibi Walter
Background: Multiple hop performances have been assessed using force-platforms and motion-capture cameras. However, the accessibility of these technologies might be a hindering factor for many performance coaches. Currently, tablet devices are being used as alternatives to measure jumping and hopping performances. Objective: This study aimed to compare multiple hop kinematics using the Kinovea application with force-platforms, the gold standard. Methods: Using an observational cross-sectional study design, male athletes (n=44; age 20.1 ± 1.4 years) completed triple hops (3-Hop) and quintuple hops (5-Hop) on force-platforms while being filmed using an iPad. Ground contact time, flight time and total time were analysed using Kinovea and compared with the force platform data. Results: Statistical analysis showed a high level of agreement across all variables of interest but significant differences (flight time; -2.14 to -5.96 %, ground contact time; 4.89 to 5.83 %, total time; -0.37 to -0.58%) were observed across all variables of interest. A systematic bias for flight and ground contact times were seen for 3-Hop and 5-Hop. Conclusion: The use of iPad and Kinovea application can be used as a valid alternative to measure multiple hop kinematics when performance coaches do not have access to expensive force-platforms or motion-capture cameras.
{"title":"Comparison of Multiple Hop Test Kinematics Between Force-Platforms and Video Footage – A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Anthony P Sharp, John B Cronin, Jonathon Neville, Shelley N Diewald, Michael Stolberg, Nick Draper, Sibi Walter","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.3p.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple hop performances have been assessed using force-platforms and motion-capture cameras. However, the accessibility of these technologies might be a hindering factor for many performance coaches. Currently, tablet devices are being used as alternatives to measure jumping and hopping performances. Objective: This study aimed to compare multiple hop kinematics using the Kinovea application with force-platforms, the gold standard. Methods: Using an observational cross-sectional study design, male athletes (n=44; age 20.1 ± 1.4 years) completed triple hops (3-Hop) and quintuple hops (5-Hop) on force-platforms while being filmed using an iPad. Ground contact time, flight time and total time were analysed using Kinovea and compared with the force platform data. Results: Statistical analysis showed a high level of agreement across all variables of interest but significant differences (flight time; -2.14 to -5.96 %, ground contact time; 4.89 to 5.83 %, total time; -0.37 to -0.58%) were observed across all variables of interest. A systematic bias for flight and ground contact times were seen for 3-Hop and 5-Hop. Conclusion: The use of iPad and Kinovea application can be used as a valid alternative to measure multiple hop kinematics when performance coaches do not have access to expensive force-platforms or motion-capture cameras.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.51
Claudia M Town, Ron Jadischke Xenith, D. Andrews
Background: The majority of sports equipment research to date has focused on their protective capabilities, and not on how they impact player performance and comfort while using them. Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the reach distances of players wearing different football shoulder pads and determine player perceptions of shoulder pad comfort and fit. Methods: Football players (n=10) underwent a standardized reach distance protocol comprised of three trials of repeated shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, horizontal flexion, and horizontal extension in each of the three shoulder pad conditions (no shoulder pad, standard shoulder pad, prototype shoulder pad). Player perceptions of shoulder pad comfort and fit, breathability, restrictiveness, and weight were also evaluated using a questionnaire. Reach distances were recorded using five GoPro Hero 9 cameras and analyzed using ProAnalyst®3D motion tracking software. Results: Reach distances were significantly affected during several movements, but especially in the vertical direction, for flexion and abduction, with mean differences between the prototype pad and standard pad of 10.3 cm and 23.1 cm, respectively (P = 0.007 and P = 0.003). Differences in reach distance were greater for the standard shoulder pad than the prototype shoulder pad on average. This indicates that the prototype shoulder pad was less restrictive, which aligned with what players reported. There was significantly more discomfort reported in the neck collar and armpit regions for the standard shoulder pad compared to the prototype pad. Participants also found the prototype shoulder pad to be lighter, and more breathable (P0.05). Conclusion: These results provide manufacturers with valuable insights from a design standpoint, and offer athletes who are looking for superior sport protective equipment key evidence regarding shoulder pad performance, fit, and comfort.
背景:到目前为止，大多数运动器材的研究都集中在它们的保护能力上，而不是在使用它们时它们如何影响运动员的表现和舒适度。目的:本研究的目的是量化不同足球垫肩球员的到达距离，并确定球员对垫肩舒适度和贴合度的看法。方法:足球运动员(n=10)接受了标准化的可及距离方案，包括在三种垫肩条件下(无垫肩、标准垫肩、原型垫肩)重复屈曲、伸展、外展、水平屈曲和水平伸展三种试验。玩家对垫肩舒适度、透气性、限制性和重量的感知也通过问卷进行了评估。使用5台GoPro Hero 9相机记录到达距离，并使用ProAnalyst®3D运动跟踪软件进行分析。结果:在屈曲和外展的几个动作中，到达距离受到显著影响，尤其是在垂直方向上，原型垫和标准垫的平均差异分别为10.3 cm和23.1 cm (P = 0.007和P = 0.003)。平均而言，标准垫肩与原型垫肩的距离差异更大。这表明原型垫肩的限制更少，这与玩家的反馈一致。与原型垫片相比，标准垫片的颈、领和腋窝区域明显更不舒服。参与者还发现原型垫肩更轻，更透气(P0.05)。结论:这些结果从设计的角度为制造商提供了有价值的见解，并为正在寻找优质运动防护设备的运动员提供了关于垫肩性能，合身性和舒适性的关键证据。
{"title":"Quantifying the Effects of American Football Shoulder Pads on Reach Distance and Player Perception of Comfort and Fit","authors":"Claudia M Town, Ron Jadischke Xenith, D. Andrews","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The majority of sports equipment research to date has focused on their protective capabilities, and not on how they impact player performance and comfort while using them. Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the reach distances of players wearing different football shoulder pads and determine player perceptions of shoulder pad comfort and fit. Methods: Football players (n=10) underwent a standardized reach distance protocol comprised of three trials of repeated shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, horizontal flexion, and horizontal extension in each of the three shoulder pad conditions (no shoulder pad, standard shoulder pad, prototype shoulder pad). Player perceptions of shoulder pad comfort and fit, breathability, restrictiveness, and weight were also evaluated using a questionnaire. Reach distances were recorded using five GoPro Hero 9 cameras and analyzed using ProAnalyst®3D motion tracking software. Results: Reach distances were significantly affected during several movements, but especially in the vertical direction, for flexion and abduction, with mean differences between the prototype pad and standard pad of 10.3 cm and 23.1 cm, respectively (P = 0.007 and P = 0.003). Differences in reach distance were greater for the standard shoulder pad than the prototype shoulder pad on average. This indicates that the prototype shoulder pad was less restrictive, which aligned with what players reported. There was significantly more discomfort reported in the neck collar and armpit regions for the standard shoulder pad compared to the prototype pad. Participants also found the prototype shoulder pad to be lighter, and more breathable (P0.05). Conclusion: These results provide manufacturers with valuable insights from a design standpoint, and offer athletes who are looking for superior sport protective equipment key evidence regarding shoulder pad performance, fit, and comfort.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.35
Xiao Yu, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Roxana Dev Omar Dev, Q. Gasibat, B. Rani, Yuanliang Dai, lixia Bao, Jiazhe Li
Background: The combination of physical and cognitive training effectively enhances the physical function of the elderly by preventing and reducing the incidence of falls as well as increasing independence in daily activities. However, the optimal combination of strategies to achieve the best physical performance and functional capacity in healthy elderly is still being explored. Objective: This study aimed to explore effective combinations to improve physical function. Methods: A comprehensive database search was done through Web of Science, Medline, Embase and PubMed, and was supplemented with Google scholar since September 2022. Titles and abstracts were used to search for keywords, and data were extracted using the Participants; Interventions; Comparisons, and Outcomes (PICO). Results: The 23 included studies recruited subjects aged 65 and older, comprising 872 females and 497 males, while some research did not identify the gender of 216 participants. Among the included studies, 16 were of high quality while 7 were of low quality. Ten studies showed a significant improvement in gait among older adults who underwent combined physical-cognitive training, while two studies found no positive effect on dual-task gait performance. All five studies showed a significant improvement in strength. Out of the four studies conducted, only one showed no improvement in endurance. All five studies showed improved mobility, while only one study found no effect on agility. However, eight out of the eleven papers showed a significant improvement in balance for older adults who underwent combined cognitive and physical training. The three papers that effectively reduced the fear of falling were also significant. Two studies showed that those who received combined training exhibited a significantly better quality of life compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Combined motor-cognitive training is an advanced, feasible and effective method that can promote the improvement of gait, balance and overall health in the elderly. This type of training has a more significant impact on the elderly’s fall response compared to general physical or cognitive training. Additionally, it contributes to promoting functional independence.
背景:体能训练与认知训练相结合，可以预防和减少老年人跌倒的发生，增强老年人日常活动的独立性，有效地增强老年人的身体机能。然而，健康老年人的最佳体能和功能能力的最佳组合策略仍在探索中。目的:探讨改善身体机能的有效组合。方法:通过Web of Science、Medline、Embase、PubMed等数据库进行全面检索，并于2022年9月起补充谷歌scholar。使用标题和摘要搜索关键词，使用《参与者》提取数据;干预措施;比较和结果(PICO)。结果:23项纳入的研究招募了65岁及以上的受试者，其中包括872名女性和497名男性，而一些研究没有确定216名参与者的性别。在纳入的研究中，高质量研究16项，低质量研究7项。有10项研究表明，接受体能-认知联合训练的老年人的步态有显著改善，而有两项研究发现对双任务步态表现没有积极影响。所有五项研究都显示了力量的显著提高。在进行的四项研究中，只有一项显示耐力没有提高。所有五项研究都显示了灵活性的提高，而只有一项研究发现灵活性没有影响。然而，11篇论文中有8篇表明，接受认知和身体训练相结合的老年人的平衡能力有了显著改善。这三篇论文有效地减少了对摔倒的恐惧，这也很重要。两项研究表明，与没有接受联合训练的人相比，接受联合训练的人表现出明显更好的生活质量。结论:运动认知联合训练是一种先进、可行、有效的方法，可促进老年人步态、平衡和整体健康状况的改善。与一般的体能或认知训练相比，这种类型的训练对老年人的跌倒反应有更显著的影响。此外，它有助于促进功能独立性。
{"title":"Effects of Combining Physical and Cognitive Training on Older Adults’ Physical Performance and Functional Abilities: A Systematic Review","authors":"Xiao Yu, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Roxana Dev Omar Dev, Q. Gasibat, B. Rani, Yuanliang Dai, lixia Bao, Jiazhe Li","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.35","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The combination of physical and cognitive training effectively enhances the physical function of the elderly by preventing and reducing the incidence of falls as well as increasing independence in daily activities. However, the optimal combination of strategies to achieve the best physical performance and functional capacity in healthy elderly is still being explored. Objective: This study aimed to explore effective combinations to improve physical function. Methods: A comprehensive database search was done through Web of Science, Medline, Embase and PubMed, and was supplemented with Google scholar since September 2022. Titles and abstracts were used to search for keywords, and data were extracted using the Participants; Interventions; Comparisons, and Outcomes (PICO). Results: The 23 included studies recruited subjects aged 65 and older, comprising 872 females and 497 males, while some research did not identify the gender of 216 participants. Among the included studies, 16 were of high quality while 7 were of low quality. Ten studies showed a significant improvement in gait among older adults who underwent combined physical-cognitive training, while two studies found no positive effect on dual-task gait performance. All five studies showed a significant improvement in strength. Out of the four studies conducted, only one showed no improvement in endurance. All five studies showed improved mobility, while only one study found no effect on agility. However, eight out of the eleven papers showed a significant improvement in balance for older adults who underwent combined cognitive and physical training. The three papers that effectively reduced the fear of falling were also significant. Two studies showed that those who received combined training exhibited a significantly better quality of life compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Combined motor-cognitive training is an advanced, feasible and effective method that can promote the improvement of gait, balance and overall health in the elderly. This type of training has a more significant impact on the elderly’s fall response compared to general physical or cognitive training. Additionally, it contributes to promoting functional independence.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44891823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.25
Y. Phanpheng, Warayot Laha
Background: Regular physical activity reduces emotional stress that represents long-term enzyme alpha-amylase values in daily life in the elderly. Objective: This study examined the efficiency of Thai rhythm calisthenics movement on Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and health performance in 70 elderly people, aged 60 - 75 years old. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental research design with two group pre-test/post-test design; Thai rhythm calisthenics movement (TCM) and brisk walking exercise (BWE). The training was undertaken three times a week over 12 weeks, 45 minutes each session, 60 - 80% of MHR for each training activity. Both groups were tested for the sAA and health performance variables composed of Physiological, Balance and Mobility assessed using standardized tests including Functional reach test (FRT), Timed up and go test, (TUG), Chair stand test (CST) and Arm curl test (ACT) for 30 seconds, 6-minute walk test (6WT). Results: The sAA in both groups increased in the initial stages of exercise and was likely to decrease after the follow up period (p ≤ .05). At the end of 12 weeks, TCM decreased rapidly in the sAA level (p ≤ .05). Moreover, physiological variables including HR, SBP decreased while VO2max increased higher than the pre-test (p ≤ .05). In addition, testing FRT showed better scores for those in TCM compared to the BWE (p ≤ .001). Also faster movement took shorter time score in the TUG after training (p ≤ .05). 6WT, CST had a higher performance in both experimental groups (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: This study showed that TCM can improve mental health and enhance balance and mobility among the elderly. Additionally, it helps prevent decline as well as related fall risk.
{"title":"The Efficiency of Thai Rhythm Calisthenics Movement on Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Health Performance in the Elderly","authors":"Y. Phanpheng, Warayot Laha","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regular physical activity reduces emotional stress that represents long-term enzyme alpha-amylase values in daily life in the elderly. Objective: This study examined the efficiency of Thai rhythm calisthenics movement on Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and health performance in 70 elderly people, aged 60 - 75 years old. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental research design with two group pre-test/post-test design; Thai rhythm calisthenics movement (TCM) and brisk walking exercise (BWE). The training was undertaken three times a week over 12 weeks, 45 minutes each session, 60 - 80% of MHR for each training activity. Both groups were tested for the sAA and health performance variables composed of Physiological, Balance and Mobility assessed using standardized tests including Functional reach test (FRT), Timed up and go test, (TUG), Chair stand test (CST) and Arm curl test (ACT) for 30 seconds, 6-minute walk test (6WT). Results: The sAA in both groups increased in the initial stages of exercise and was likely to decrease after the follow up period (p ≤ .05). At the end of 12 weeks, TCM decreased rapidly in the sAA level (p ≤ .05). Moreover, physiological variables including HR, SBP decreased while VO2max increased higher than the pre-test (p ≤ .05). In addition, testing FRT showed better scores for those in TCM compared to the BWE (p ≤ .001). Also faster movement took shorter time score in the TUG after training (p ≤ .05). 6WT, CST had a higher performance in both experimental groups (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: This study showed that TCM can improve mental health and enhance balance and mobility among the elderly. Additionally, it helps prevent decline as well as related fall risk.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.11
Nikolaos Chrysagis, Despoina Panagou, Kouzagioti Erasmia Maria, Efstathia M. Vlachou, V. Sakellari, G. Koumantakis
Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder of movement and posture. Recent studies have shown that Virtual Reality (VR) is a useful and low-cost tool used in treating children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Nevertheless, there is no substantial evidence supporting that VR therapy can help CP patients, not only as the primary treatment, but as a supplement. Objectives: The present systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of VR intervention programs on the functional capacity of children and adolescents with CP, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: A systematic online search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases, as well as in the Google Scholar search engine, from inception till September 2022. The methodological quality of included studies was rated with the PEDro scale. Results: Twenty-two randomized-controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement after the implementation, of interventional VR programs, in balance and visual perception, while the results were controversial for muscle strength, coordination, gross motor function, gait, upper limb function, independence in activities of Daily Life Activities and participation. Conclusion: Significant balance and visual perception improvements may result from VR programs applied in children and adolescents with CP. Important factors that may influence the results are the functional level of the participants, the sample size, the context in which the therapeutic intervention is carried out (rehabilitation center, home), and the conventional treatments that the VR intervention programs are compared against.
{"title":"The Effect of Virtual Reality Intervention Programs on the Functionality of Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. A Systematic Review","authors":"Nikolaos Chrysagis, Despoina Panagou, Kouzagioti Erasmia Maria, Efstathia M. Vlachou, V. Sakellari, G. Koumantakis","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.11n.2p.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder of movement and posture. Recent studies have shown that Virtual Reality (VR) is a useful and low-cost tool used in treating children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Nevertheless, there is no substantial evidence supporting that VR therapy can help CP patients, not only as the primary treatment, but as a supplement. Objectives: The present systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of VR intervention programs on the functional capacity of children and adolescents with CP, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: A systematic online search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases, as well as in the Google Scholar search engine, from inception till September 2022. The methodological quality of included studies was rated with the PEDro scale. Results: Twenty-two randomized-controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement after the implementation, of interventional VR programs, in balance and visual perception, while the results were controversial for muscle strength, coordination, gross motor function, gait, upper limb function, independence in activities of Daily Life Activities and participation. Conclusion: Significant balance and visual perception improvements may result from VR programs applied in children and adolescents with CP. Important factors that may influence the results are the functional level of the participants, the sample size, the context in which the therapeutic intervention is carried out (rehabilitation center, home), and the conventional treatments that the VR intervention programs are compared against.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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