Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p18
S. Cornish, J. Peeler
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been linked to a chronic low-grade inflammatory response and altered metabolic activity of articular cartilage. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week (3 times/week) lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill walking regime on knee pain and systemic biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation. Methods: Sixteen overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) knee OA patients were randomized to a LBPP treadmill walking exercise group (N = 7) or non-exercise control group (N = 9). Baseline and 12-week follow-up assessments evaluated the following dependent variables: acute knee pain during full weight bearing treadmill walking; inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, s100A8/A9, and tumor necrosis factor-α), and catabolic metabolism of articular cartilage (sCOMP). Results: Knee pain at baseline and follow-up remained unchanged for the non-exercise control group (P > 0.05). However, knee pain for the LBPP exercise group was significantly decreased at follow-up (P ≤ 0.05). No differences in the biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation were observed for between and within group comparisons (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Data suggested that the LBPP supported walking regime could be effectively used to promote regular weight bearing exercise without exacerbation of knee joint pain and did not increase levels of systemic inflammation or catabolic activity of articular cartilage in overweight knee OA patients. This pilot investigation offers important insight regarding the potential role that the LBPP technology could play in facilitating investigations examining the disease modifying effect of exercise on knee OA pathogenesis.
{"title":"The Effect of a Lower Body Positive Pressure Supported Treadmill Exercise Regime on Systemic Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study","authors":"S. Cornish, J. Peeler","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been linked to a chronic low-grade inflammatory response and altered metabolic activity of articular cartilage. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week (3 times/week) lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill walking regime on knee pain and systemic biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation. Methods: Sixteen overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) knee OA patients were randomized to a LBPP treadmill walking exercise group (N = 7) or non-exercise control group (N = 9). Baseline and 12-week follow-up assessments evaluated the following dependent variables: acute knee pain during full weight bearing treadmill walking; inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, s100A8/A9, and tumor necrosis factor-α), and catabolic metabolism of articular cartilage (sCOMP). Results: Knee pain at baseline and follow-up remained unchanged for the non-exercise control group (P > 0.05). However, knee pain for the LBPP exercise group was significantly decreased at follow-up (P ≤ 0.05). No differences in the biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation were observed for between and within group comparisons (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Data suggested that the LBPP supported walking regime could be effectively used to promote regular weight bearing exercise without exacerbation of knee joint pain and did not increase levels of systemic inflammation or catabolic activity of articular cartilage in overweight knee OA patients. This pilot investigation offers important insight regarding the potential role that the LBPP technology could play in facilitating investigations examining the disease modifying effect of exercise on knee OA pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46745007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p40
D. Tatiya, T. Chitapure, Amreen Shaikh, Ankita Jaju
Background: A 19-year-old man presented with right knee pain while bearing weight on the right leg and difficulty bending the right knee. He was diagnosed with a complete -tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. After ACL reconstruction this individual was referred to physical therapy treatment. Objective: To investigate if neuroscience pain education, and eccentric training, have any therapeutic significance in post-ACL reconstructive patients. Method: After assessment, the first day of the first week, introduced a treatment protocol consisting of basic range of motion (ROM) and isometric exercises for three sets of 10–30 sec hold. From first to fourth week eccentric exercises along with pain neuroscience education (PNE) sessions were given on alternate days, with three sessions for PNE and eccentric exercises until fourth week. Result: As shown in this study, treatment with a combination of PNE and eccentric training results in improved quadriceps muscle strength, range of motion, and overall function. Conclusion: This report suggested that PNE in conjunction with eccentric exercise has clinical merit. Clinical implication of study is examining the effectiveness of this approach should be conducted in the form of well-designed, clinical studies.
{"title":"The Role of Eccentric Training and Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) to Improve Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Function in Post ACL Repair: A Case Report","authors":"D. Tatiya, T. Chitapure, Amreen Shaikh, Ankita Jaju","doi":"10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A 19-year-old man presented with right knee pain while bearing weight on the right leg and difficulty bending the right knee. He was diagnosed with a complete -tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. After ACL reconstruction this individual was referred to physical therapy treatment. Objective: To investigate if neuroscience pain education, and eccentric training, have any therapeutic significance in post-ACL reconstructive patients. Method: After assessment, the first day of the first week, introduced a treatment protocol consisting of basic range of motion (ROM) and isometric exercises for three sets of 10–30 sec hold. From first to fourth week eccentric exercises along with pain neuroscience education (PNE) sessions were given on alternate days, with three sessions for PNE and eccentric exercises until fourth week. Result: As shown in this study, treatment with a combination of PNE and eccentric training results in improved quadriceps muscle strength, range of motion, and overall function. Conclusion: This report suggested that PNE in conjunction with eccentric exercise has clinical merit. Clinical implication of study is examining the effectiveness of this approach should be conducted in the form of well-designed, clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.22
J. Muamba, N. Muthomi, D. Muigai
Background: Rugby referees have for a long time volunteered to officiate matches in Kenya yet refereeing as an activity is stressful. Objective: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design to investigate the impact of the experience of the active rugby union referees in Kenya on the sources of stress affecting them. Method: A Sources of Officiating Stress Questionnaire (SOSQ) (Voight, 2009) was used to collect data from all referees(n=80) who actively refereed matches during the 2016 / 2017 Kenya Rugby Union season. The independent variable tested in the questionnaire was experience of the referees, whereas the dependent variables were sources of stress. Results: Referees with an experience of between 5 to 10 years encountered stress from most of the sources (Mean= 3.17, SD=0.62) whereas those with an experience of between 10 to 20 years encountered stress from the least of the sources (Mean=2.93, SD=0.60). Findings indicated that there was a significant mean difference in sources of stress across refereeing experience (F-statistic =2.175, p=0.009). Conclusion: It was concluded that all active referees experienced stress from different sources despite their years of experience.
{"title":"Sources of Stress and Refereeing Experience of Active Kenya Rugby Union Referees","authors":"J. Muamba, N. Muthomi, D. Muigai","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rugby referees have for a long time volunteered to officiate matches in Kenya yet refereeing as an activity is stressful. Objective: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design to investigate the impact of the experience of the active rugby union referees in Kenya on the sources of stress affecting them. Method: A Sources of Officiating Stress Questionnaire (SOSQ) (Voight, 2009) was used to collect data from all referees(n=80) who actively refereed matches during the 2016 / 2017 Kenya Rugby Union season. The independent variable tested in the questionnaire was experience of the referees, whereas the dependent variables were sources of stress. Results: Referees with an experience of between 5 to 10 years encountered stress from most of the sources (Mean= 3.17, SD=0.62) whereas those with an experience of between 10 to 20 years encountered stress from the least of the sources (Mean=2.93, SD=0.60). Findings indicated that there was a significant mean difference in sources of stress across refereeing experience (F-statistic =2.175, p=0.009). Conclusion: It was concluded that all active referees experienced stress from different sources despite their years of experience.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.1
Nicole C. Dabbs, M. Reid, J. Wimbish, Jason Ng
Background: Fitness equipment manufacturers have developed non-motorized treadmills (NMT) to better replicate overground running, a characteristic which motorized treadmills (MT) purportedly lack. Because NMTs are novel, limited empirical evidence exists regarding acute physiological and neuromuscular activity responses to its use. Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of walking and running on an NMT and MT on exercise economy (EE), cardiometabolic responses, lower-body muscle activity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in division II female cross-country athletes. Methods: Thirteen female cross-country athletes volunteered to complete a treadmill protocol that consisted of a warm-up walk, a 5-min walk, a 5-min run, and a 5-min cool-down walk on an NMT and MT on two separate occasions. During both treadmill conditions, VO2, RER, neuromuscular activity, HR, and RPE were recorded and analyzed every minute. Results: VO2 (NMT= 36.8 ± 10.0 ml/kg/min; MT= 27.4 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min), RER (NMT= 1.02 ± 0.14; MT= 0.89 ± 0.08), HR (NMT= 167 ± 18 bpm; MT= 142 ± 21 bpm), and RPE (NMT= 12 ± 2; MT= 9 ± 2) measures were significantly (p<0.05 for all) greater on the NMT than the MT in walking and running. Conclusions: The greater VO2, RER, and HR experienced on the NMT indicates higher physical exertion, and the greater RPE on the NMT indicates the participants’ perception of exertion correspond to the physiological responses. While cardiometabolic demand was greater on the NMT, thereby suggesting exercise economy was greater with the MT.
{"title":"The Effect of Motorized vs Non-Motorized Treadmills on Exercise Economy during Acute Sub-maximal Bouts in Collegiate Cross-Country Female Athletes","authors":"Nicole C. Dabbs, M. Reid, J. Wimbish, Jason Ng","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fitness equipment manufacturers have developed non-motorized treadmills (NMT) to better replicate overground running, a characteristic which motorized treadmills (MT) purportedly lack. Because NMTs are novel, limited empirical evidence exists regarding acute physiological and neuromuscular activity responses to its use. Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of walking and running on an NMT and MT on exercise economy (EE), cardiometabolic responses, lower-body muscle activity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in division II female cross-country athletes. Methods: Thirteen female cross-country athletes volunteered to complete a treadmill protocol that consisted of a warm-up walk, a 5-min walk, a 5-min run, and a 5-min cool-down walk on an NMT and MT on two separate occasions. During both treadmill conditions, VO2, RER, neuromuscular activity, HR, and RPE were recorded and analyzed every minute. Results: VO2 (NMT= 36.8 ± 10.0 ml/kg/min; MT= 27.4 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min), RER (NMT= 1.02 ± 0.14; MT= 0.89 ± 0.08), HR (NMT= 167 ± 18 bpm; MT= 142 ± 21 bpm), and RPE (NMT= 12 ± 2; MT= 9 ± 2) measures were significantly (p<0.05 for all) greater on the NMT than the MT in walking and running. Conclusions: The greater VO2, RER, and HR experienced on the NMT indicates higher physical exertion, and the greater RPE on the NMT indicates the participants’ perception of exertion correspond to the physiological responses. While cardiometabolic demand was greater on the NMT, thereby suggesting exercise economy was greater with the MT.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.28
Ethan M Stewart, Megan Stewart, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Alana Turner, Reuben F. Burch, A. Knight, Josh Johnson, Tyler Younger, H. Chander
Background: Bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle are common variables that coaches and players want to evaluate during their baseball or softball swing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate and validate a baseball bat handle sensor against motion capture using recreational baseball and softball athletes for bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle. Methods: This single visit cross-sectional experimental design study utilized eighteen recreational baseball and softball players (ten males and eight females, age: 20.70 ± 1.69 years, height: 170.74 ± 5.69 cm, weight: 77.97 ± 12.30 kg) were recruited. Bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle from the bat handle sensor and 12-camera motion capture system were collected and compared using a two-tailed paired t-test. Results: Differences were statistically significant, showing that 95% of the time, the bat handle sensor overestimated the bat velocity by 1.92 to 2.77 m/s, underestimated the attack angle by -3.46 to -1.96o, and overestimated the vertical angle by 1.64 to 3.21o, compared to the motion capture system. Conclusion: The bat velocity and vertical angle were overestimated, while the attack angle was underestimated by the bat sensor. The information presented in this study can be viable information for coaches and players when utilizing the baseball bat handle sensor technology for training, practice, or in-game situations.
{"title":"Validation of a Bat Handle Sensor for Measuring Bat Velocity, Attack Angle, and Vertical Angle","authors":"Ethan M Stewart, Megan Stewart, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Alana Turner, Reuben F. Burch, A. Knight, Josh Johnson, Tyler Younger, H. Chander","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle are common variables that coaches and players want to evaluate during their baseball or softball swing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate and validate a baseball bat handle sensor against motion capture using recreational baseball and softball athletes for bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle. Methods: This single visit cross-sectional experimental design study utilized eighteen recreational baseball and softball players (ten males and eight females, age: 20.70 ± 1.69 years, height: 170.74 ± 5.69 cm, weight: 77.97 ± 12.30 kg) were recruited. Bat velocity, attack angle, and vertical angle from the bat handle sensor and 12-camera motion capture system were collected and compared using a two-tailed paired t-test. Results: Differences were statistically significant, showing that 95% of the time, the bat handle sensor overestimated the bat velocity by 1.92 to 2.77 m/s, underestimated the attack angle by -3.46 to -1.96o, and overestimated the vertical angle by 1.64 to 3.21o, compared to the motion capture system. Conclusion: The bat velocity and vertical angle were overestimated, while the attack angle was underestimated by the bat sensor. The information presented in this study can be viable information for coaches and players when utilizing the baseball bat handle sensor technology for training, practice, or in-game situations.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49364591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.7
M. Sena, M. Souza, Valden Capistrano Junior
Background: CrossFit® involves high-intensity functional movements and research has shown that the program increases metabolic rates in participants. Objective: To measure resting energy expenditure (REE) in CrossFit® participants using indirect calorimetry (IC) and to verify the most appropriate predictive equation to estimate REE. Methods: Overall, 142 CrossFit® participants (18–59 years; 91 [64.1%], women) underwent weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) measurements. Body composition was evaluated using a portable ultrasound system (BodyMetrix®). REEs were measured (mREE) by IC and predicted by six different equations (pREE): Harris-Benedict, World Health Organization (WHO), Henry and Rees, Cunningham (1980 and 1991), and Mifflin–St. Jeor. Results: The mean age was 33.0 (6.3) years, with no significant difference between men and women; mean mREE, 1583.2(404.4) kcal/d; and pREE, 1455.5(230.9) to 1711.3(285.5) kcal/d. The best REE predictive equations for this population were Cunningham (1991) (P=0.338), WHO (P=0.494), and Harris-Benedict (P=0.705) equations. The Harris-Benedict equation presented a smaller difference compared with IC [12.9(307.6) kcal], the Cunningham (1991) equation showed improved adequacy (102.5%), and the WHO equation presented highest accuracy (59.9%). The equations that were closest to the mREE were the Harris-Benedict for women and the WHO equation for men. Conclusion: Therefore, for CrossFit® participants, the REE can accurately be predicted with the Cunningham (1991), WHO, and Harris-Benedict equations.
{"title":"Resting Energy Expenditure in CrossFit® Participants: Predictive Equations versus Indirect Calorimetry","authors":"M. Sena, M. Souza, Valden Capistrano Junior","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: CrossFit® involves high-intensity functional movements and research has shown that the program increases metabolic rates in participants. Objective: To measure resting energy expenditure (REE) in CrossFit® participants using indirect calorimetry (IC) and to verify the most appropriate predictive equation to estimate REE. Methods: Overall, 142 CrossFit® participants (18–59 years; 91 [64.1%], women) underwent weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) measurements. Body composition was evaluated using a portable ultrasound system (BodyMetrix®). REEs were measured (mREE) by IC and predicted by six different equations (pREE): Harris-Benedict, World Health Organization (WHO), Henry and Rees, Cunningham (1980 and 1991), and Mifflin–St. Jeor. Results: The mean age was 33.0 (6.3) years, with no significant difference between men and women; mean mREE, 1583.2(404.4) kcal/d; and pREE, 1455.5(230.9) to 1711.3(285.5) kcal/d. The best REE predictive equations for this population were Cunningham (1991) (P=0.338), WHO (P=0.494), and Harris-Benedict (P=0.705) equations. The Harris-Benedict equation presented a smaller difference compared with IC [12.9(307.6) kcal], the Cunningham (1991) equation showed improved adequacy (102.5%), and the WHO equation presented highest accuracy (59.9%). The equations that were closest to the mREE were the Harris-Benedict for women and the WHO equation for men. Conclusion: Therefore, for CrossFit® participants, the REE can accurately be predicted with the Cunningham (1991), WHO, and Harris-Benedict equations.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.14
Aaron D Heishman, Keldon M. Peak, Bryce D. Daub, Ryan M. Miller, Eduardo D S Freitas
Background: The countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to monitor short- and long-term changes in neuromuscular performance, where practically relevant alteration may be subtle, requiring detailed and consistent testing protocols to limit error and allow detection of meaningful change. Collegiate basketball players often wear different types of footwear depending upon the training activity, potentially influencing CMJ performance outcomes. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of footwear on key CMJ variables used for routine performance assessments in a cohort of 11 NCAA women’s collegiate basketball players. Method: In a cross-over repeated measures study design, players performed three CMJs in Basketball-, Training-(Trainers), and Olympic Weightlifting (WL) shoes, in a randomized order during one testing session. One-way repeated measures analyses of variance (p ≤ .05) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used to discern differences in CMJ variables among shoe conditions. Results: WL demonstrated greater Eccentric Mean Force (p ≤ .014, d ≥ 0.03) and lower Flight Time:Contraction Time (p ≤ .029, d ≥ 0.31), Jump Height (p ≤ .040, d ≥ 0.32), and Reactive Strength Index-Modified (p ≤ .032, d ≥ 0.40) than both Basketball and Trainers. Additionally, WL exhibited lower Concentric Mean Force (p = .018, d = 0.19), Concentric Mean Power (p = .008, d = 0.29), Eccentric Peak Force (p = .050, d = 0.19), and Flight Time (p = .036, d = 0.31) compared to Trainer. No significant differences and only trivial effects appeared between Basketball and Trainers (p > 0.05, d < 0.1). Conclusion: These findings suggest footwear significantly influences CMJ performance. WL shoes appear to negatively impact CMJ performance; however, Basketball and Trainers appear to exert negligible effects that should allow clinicians and practitioners to feel confident about measurement and data quality when performing short- and long-term CMJ measurements in either Basketball or Trainers.
{"title":"Does Footwear Influence Countermovement Jump Parameters Used to Assess Performance in Collegiate Basketball Players?","authors":"Aaron D Heishman, Keldon M. Peak, Bryce D. Daub, Ryan M. Miller, Eduardo D S Freitas","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.2P.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to monitor short- and long-term changes in neuromuscular performance, where practically relevant alteration may be subtle, requiring detailed and consistent testing protocols to limit error and allow detection of meaningful change. Collegiate basketball players often wear different types of footwear depending upon the training activity, potentially influencing CMJ performance outcomes. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of footwear on key CMJ variables used for routine performance assessments in a cohort of 11 NCAA women’s collegiate basketball players. Method: In a cross-over repeated measures study design, players performed three CMJs in Basketball-, Training-(Trainers), and Olympic Weightlifting (WL) shoes, in a randomized order during one testing session. One-way repeated measures analyses of variance (p ≤ .05) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used to discern differences in CMJ variables among shoe conditions. Results: WL demonstrated greater Eccentric Mean Force (p ≤ .014, d ≥ 0.03) and lower Flight Time:Contraction Time (p ≤ .029, d ≥ 0.31), Jump Height (p ≤ .040, d ≥ 0.32), and Reactive Strength Index-Modified (p ≤ .032, d ≥ 0.40) than both Basketball and Trainers. Additionally, WL exhibited lower Concentric Mean Force (p = .018, d = 0.19), Concentric Mean Power (p = .008, d = 0.29), Eccentric Peak Force (p = .050, d = 0.19), and Flight Time (p = .036, d = 0.31) compared to Trainer. No significant differences and only trivial effects appeared between Basketball and Trainers (p > 0.05, d < 0.1). Conclusion: These findings suggest footwear significantly influences CMJ performance. WL shoes appear to negatively impact CMJ performance; however, Basketball and Trainers appear to exert negligible effects that should allow clinicians and practitioners to feel confident about measurement and data quality when performing short- and long-term CMJ measurements in either Basketball or Trainers.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49072946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.51
Alisa Drapeaux, J. Hurdelbrink
Background: Muscle energy technique (MET) is asn osteopathic treatment technique that is utilized frequently in the clinical setting, yet the overall effectiveness is minimally supported within literature. MET is an osteopathic technique that involves an isometric contract relax technique intended to improve alignment and enhance neuromuscular education. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MET on running kinetics on subjects with low back pain. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was implemented and subjects, all of whom either had a history of or currently experience low back pain, underwent pre-intervention data collection of: anthropometric measurements, medical history, dorsaVi 3D running analysis, and a musculoskeletal and neurological clinical exam. Subjects underwent 6 weeks of isolated lumbo-pelvic MET at a frequency of twice a week, and were instructed to avoid all other treatment. Post-intervention data collected included a clinical exam and another dorsaVI running analysis. Results: Data was analyzed including: pre and post-treatment initial peak acceleration, ground contact time, and ground reaction force. A paired t-test comparing pre and post mean kinetic changes demonstrated the following p values: initial peak acceleration p = .80, ground contact time p = .96, and ground reaction force p = .68. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that isolated MET treatment is not statistically significant for changing 3D kinetic running variable in subjects with low back pain. Clinical Implications: Recommend healthcare providers to use a multi-treatment approach for low back pain. Future research should include a control group and larger sample size.
{"title":"The Effects of Muscle Energy on Low Back Pain: A 3D Analysis of running biomechanics","authors":"Alisa Drapeaux, J. Hurdelbrink","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Muscle energy technique (MET) is asn osteopathic treatment technique that is utilized frequently in the clinical setting, yet the overall effectiveness is minimally supported within literature. MET is an osteopathic technique that involves an isometric contract relax technique intended to improve alignment and enhance neuromuscular education. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MET on running kinetics on subjects with low back pain. Method: A quasi-experimental research design was implemented and subjects, all of whom either had a history of or currently experience low back pain, underwent pre-intervention data collection of: anthropometric measurements, medical history, dorsaVi 3D running analysis, and a musculoskeletal and neurological clinical exam. Subjects underwent 6 weeks of isolated lumbo-pelvic MET at a frequency of twice a week, and were instructed to avoid all other treatment. Post-intervention data collected included a clinical exam and another dorsaVI running analysis. Results: Data was analyzed including: pre and post-treatment initial peak acceleration, ground contact time, and ground reaction force. A paired t-test comparing pre and post mean kinetic changes demonstrated the following p values: initial peak acceleration p = .80, ground contact time p = .96, and ground reaction force p = .68. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that isolated MET treatment is not statistically significant for changing 3D kinetic running variable in subjects with low back pain. Clinical Implications: Recommend healthcare providers to use a multi-treatment approach for low back pain. Future research should include a control group and larger sample size.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46366507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.36
Kevin L. Neeld, B. Peterson, Calvin C. Dietz, Thomas A. Cappaert, B. Alvar
Background: Despite the importance of using a thorough understanding of competition demands to optimize preparatory strategies, there is a paucity of longitudinal workload data in ice hockey. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in workload characteristics between training and matches, and assess differences between forwards and defensemen. Methods: All players from a NCAA Division I Men’s Ice Hockey Team wore Catapult S5 units for all on-ice activities for two consecutive seasons. Seven workload variables (Player Load, Skating Load, Explosive Efforts, High Skate Load, Player Load·min-1, Skating Load·min-1, and Average Stride Force·lb-1) were used to quantify training and match workload characteristics. Results: Compared to training, matches resulted in significantly higher Player Load (p<0.001), Total Skating Load (p<0.001), Explosive Efforts (p<0.001), High Force Strides (p<0.001), and Average Stride Force·lb-1 (p=0.001), but training resulted in higher Player Load·min-1 (p<0.001) and Skating Load·min-1 (p<0.001). Compared to defensemen, forwards accumulated higher values in all seven workload measures, across all session types (p<.001). Conclusion: Matches required higher values in measures of intensity and volume, but lower work rate compared to training. Training had unique emphases based on when it occurred relative to the next match. Regardless of session type, forwards consistently produced higher workloads across all variables.
{"title":"Differences in External Workload Demand between Session Types and Positions in Collegiate Men’s Ice Hockey","authors":"Kevin L. Neeld, B. Peterson, Calvin C. Dietz, Thomas A. Cappaert, B. Alvar","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the importance of using a thorough understanding of competition demands to optimize preparatory strategies, there is a paucity of longitudinal workload data in ice hockey. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in workload characteristics between training and matches, and assess differences between forwards and defensemen. Methods: All players from a NCAA Division I Men’s Ice Hockey Team wore Catapult S5 units for all on-ice activities for two consecutive seasons. Seven workload variables (Player Load, Skating Load, Explosive Efforts, High Skate Load, Player Load·min-1, Skating Load·min-1, and Average Stride Force·lb-1) were used to quantify training and match workload characteristics. Results: Compared to training, matches resulted in significantly higher Player Load (p<0.001), Total Skating Load (p<0.001), Explosive Efforts (p<0.001), High Force Strides (p<0.001), and Average Stride Force·lb-1 (p=0.001), but training resulted in higher Player Load·min-1 (p<0.001) and Skating Load·min-1 (p<0.001). Compared to defensemen, forwards accumulated higher values in all seven workload measures, across all session types (p<.001). Conclusion: Matches required higher values in measures of intensity and volume, but lower work rate compared to training. Training had unique emphases based on when it occurred relative to the next match. Regardless of session type, forwards consistently produced higher workloads across all variables.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.9
Sarah Thomas, Adam M. Gonzalez, J. Ghigiarelli
Background: Females combat sport athletes are likely to partake in rapid weight reduction strategies prior to competitions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight cutting habits of female combat sport athletes and the risk of developing the female athlete triad. Methods: 102 female combat sport athletes (amateur=40; professional=62; 28.8±4.5y), competing in boxing (n=30), kickboxing (n=12), and mixed martial arts (n=60), completed two questionnaires. An adapted version of the Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ) was used to determine the severity of athletes’ weight cutting behaviors, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) was used to determine female athlete triad risk. Data was analyzed to determine correlations between LEAF-Q and RWLQ scores along with weight cutting behaviors. Scores were also compared between competition level and combat sports. Results: The results of this study showed that 38% of female combat sport athletes were at risk of developing the female athlete triad. Significant correlation between RWLQ and LEAF-Q scores (p=0.013; r=0.244, r2=0.060) were noted. A significant difference (p=0.006) between the RWLQ scores of amateurs and professionals was also noted, with professionals engaging in more severe weight cutting behavior. Mixed martial artists reported the highest RWLQ and LEAF-Q scores, which were significantly greater than boxers. No other correlations between LEAF-Q and weight cutting behaviors were noted. Conclusion: Despite a small effect size (r²=0.060), the findings of this study demonstrate that more severe weight cutting behaviors may increase the female athlete triad risk among female combat sport athletes.
{"title":"The Relationship between Weight Cutting and the Female Athlete Triad in Combat Sport Athletes","authors":"Sarah Thomas, Adam M. Gonzalez, J. Ghigiarelli","doi":"10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7575/AIAC.IJKSS.V.9N.1P.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Females combat sport athletes are likely to partake in rapid weight reduction strategies prior to competitions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight cutting habits of female combat sport athletes and the risk of developing the female athlete triad. Methods: 102 female combat sport athletes (amateur=40; professional=62; 28.8±4.5y), competing in boxing (n=30), kickboxing (n=12), and mixed martial arts (n=60), completed two questionnaires. An adapted version of the Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire (RWLQ) was used to determine the severity of athletes’ weight cutting behaviors, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) was used to determine female athlete triad risk. Data was analyzed to determine correlations between LEAF-Q and RWLQ scores along with weight cutting behaviors. Scores were also compared between competition level and combat sports. Results: The results of this study showed that 38% of female combat sport athletes were at risk of developing the female athlete triad. Significant correlation between RWLQ and LEAF-Q scores (p=0.013; r=0.244, r2=0.060) were noted. A significant difference (p=0.006) between the RWLQ scores of amateurs and professionals was also noted, with professionals engaging in more severe weight cutting behavior. Mixed martial artists reported the highest RWLQ and LEAF-Q scores, which were significantly greater than boxers. No other correlations between LEAF-Q and weight cutting behaviors were noted. Conclusion: Despite a small effect size (r²=0.060), the findings of this study demonstrate that more severe weight cutting behaviors may increase the female athlete triad risk among female combat sport athletes.","PeriodicalId":36327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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