One-week old swim-up fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used for the trial. Six dietary feeds were assigned during the sex-reversal period – the standard sex-reversal diet without 17-α-methyltestosterone (MT) (C1), standard sex-reversal diet (C2), alcohol-replaced with bull urine included standard sex-reversal diet (BU), half MT-replaced with goat testis (GT), or catfish testis (CT1), all MT-replaced with catfish testis (CT2). Catfish or goat testis to fully replace the fishmeal and half of MT yielded acceptable ratio of the male population (96.6±1.0 and 94.8±0.9%, respectively), comparable to that produced from the standard diet (98.4±0.5%) (P>0.05). Bull urine can replace alcohol additionally required in the sex-reversal feed making process without compromising the fish sex efficiency. These results suggested the potential of the alternative natural products, bull urine, catfish, and goat testes, over the synthetic chemical conventionally used in the feed for sex-reversal of Tilapia.
{"title":"Use of Bull Urine, Catfish Testis and Goat Testis to Replace Alcohol, Fishmeal and Steroid Hormone for the Production of Mono-Sex Tilapıa Fry","authors":"Anusha D. Perera, R. Bhujel, Virak Visudtiphole","doi":"10.4194/aquast1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1186","url":null,"abstract":"One-week old swim-up fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used for the trial. Six dietary feeds were assigned during the sex-reversal period – the standard sex-reversal diet without 17-α-methyltestosterone (MT) (C1), standard sex-reversal diet (C2), alcohol-replaced with bull urine included standard sex-reversal diet (BU), half MT-replaced with goat testis (GT), or catfish testis (CT1), all MT-replaced with catfish testis (CT2). Catfish or goat testis to fully replace the fishmeal and half of MT yielded acceptable ratio of the male population (96.6±1.0 and 94.8±0.9%, respectively), comparable to that produced from the standard diet (98.4±0.5%) (P>0.05). Bull urine can replace alcohol additionally required in the sex-reversal feed making process without compromising the fish sex efficiency. These results suggested the potential of the alternative natural products, bull urine, catfish, and goat testes, over the synthetic chemical conventionally used in the feed for sex-reversal of Tilapia.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Anani, P. D. K. Atsakpo, Kelvin K. Donkor, Felix A. Ayarika, M. Johnson-Ashun, Evans T. Dankwa
Choice and use of fish feed should not only depend on good fish growth but also, on higher returns on investment. Growth performance and cost-effectiveness of five tilapia starter feeds (Aller Aqua, ARDECFeed, Koudijs, Naam Papa and Raanan) to produce Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were investigated. The feeds, with crude protein (CP) contents ranging from 42.0 to 60.0%, were randomly coded A, B, C, D and E. The study was conducted in fifteen fine mesh net hapas, each of dimensions 5.0x2.0x1.2 m, installed in three 0.2-hectare earthen ponds with each containing a replicate of each feed type. Nile tilapia fry, ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 g with an initial mean weight of 0.06±0.01 g were stocked at 500 fry hapa-1 and they were fed at 20.0% of their biomass; three times daily. The feeding rate was reduced to 10% when the fry attained mean weights ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 g and finally to 5.0% when they were greater than 5.0 g. The feeding trial lasted for nine weeks (63 days). Fry final mean weight ranged from 17.34±9.12 to 23.62±14.39 g, with B being significantly higher (Tukey`s HSDT, P<0.05) whilst there were no significant differences (ANOVA, P>0.05) among A, C, D and E. The profit indices ranged from 4.13±0.55 to 14.63±0.38, with D being the highest and B, the least. Hence, tilapia hatchery operators should opt for feeds that give higher profit indices, lower production and incidence costs for fingerlings production.
{"title":"Profitability of Using Five Different Commercial Tilapia Starter Feeds on the Ghanaian Market in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings Production","authors":"F. Anani, P. D. K. Atsakpo, Kelvin K. Donkor, Felix A. Ayarika, M. Johnson-Ashun, Evans T. Dankwa","doi":"10.4194/aquast1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1343","url":null,"abstract":"Choice and use of fish feed should not only depend on good fish growth but also, on higher returns on investment. Growth performance and cost-effectiveness of five tilapia starter feeds (Aller Aqua, ARDECFeed, Koudijs, Naam Papa and Raanan) to produce Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were investigated. The feeds, with crude protein (CP) contents ranging from 42.0 to 60.0%, were randomly coded A, B, C, D and E. The study was conducted in fifteen fine mesh net hapas, each of dimensions 5.0x2.0x1.2 m, installed in three 0.2-hectare earthen ponds with each containing a replicate of each feed type. Nile tilapia fry, ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 g with an initial mean weight of 0.06±0.01 g were stocked at 500 fry hapa-1 and they were fed at 20.0% of their biomass; three times daily. The feeding rate was reduced to 10% when the fry attained mean weights ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 g and finally to 5.0% when they were greater than 5.0 g. The feeding trial lasted for nine weeks (63 days). Fry final mean weight ranged from 17.34±9.12 to 23.62±14.39 g, with B being significantly higher (Tukey`s HSDT, P<0.05) whilst there were no significant differences (ANOVA, P>0.05) among A, C, D and E. The profit indices ranged from 4.13±0.55 to 14.63±0.38, with D being the highest and B, the least. Hence, tilapia hatchery operators should opt for feeds that give higher profit indices, lower production and incidence costs for fingerlings production.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mixed hybridisation trials involving Clarias gariepinus (CG), Heterobranchus longifilis (HL), and Heterobranchus bidorsalis (HB) were carried out with success using Ovulin as inducing agent. The crossing was followed by an early growth trial using post-yolk sac larvae that lasted ten days. Latency periods in the two catfishes differ, with 11 hours in crosses involving female CG and 12 hours in crosses involving female HL. The fertilisation rates of eggs from the females of the two species indicate that there is no significant discernment in fertilisation (p>0.05), with values ranging from 68.38% (CG×HB) to 80.94% (HL×CG). However, rates <80% indicate egg quality problems. The hatching rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in both C. gariepinus (62.12%) and Heterobranchus sp. (47.75%) line crosses than the hybrids. There is an additive genetic effect due to the combination of pure-line male and female gametes that elicit better growth as against survival in crosses involving C. gariepinus. The genotype for better survival is in the maternal line of H. longifilis. These culminate into heterosis for growth in hybrid CG×HB and survival in hybrid HL×CG.
{"title":"Hybridization and Growth Performance of Progeny from Crosses between Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus sp.","authors":"G. Ataguba, Abi Angela","doi":"10.4194/aquast1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1154","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed hybridisation trials involving Clarias gariepinus (CG), Heterobranchus longifilis (HL), and Heterobranchus bidorsalis (HB) were carried out with success using Ovulin as inducing agent. The crossing was followed by an early growth trial using post-yolk sac larvae that lasted ten days. Latency periods in the two catfishes differ, with 11 hours in crosses involving female CG and 12 hours in crosses involving female HL. The fertilisation rates of eggs from the females of the two species indicate that there is no significant discernment in fertilisation (p>0.05), with values ranging from 68.38% (CG×HB) to 80.94% (HL×CG). However, rates <80% indicate egg quality problems. The hatching rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in both C. gariepinus (62.12%) and Heterobranchus sp. (47.75%) line crosses than the hybrids. There is an additive genetic effect due to the combination of pure-line male and female gametes that elicit better growth as against survival in crosses involving C. gariepinus. The genotype for better survival is in the maternal line of H. longifilis. These culminate into heterosis for growth in hybrid CG×HB and survival in hybrid HL×CG.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Habib, S. Naz, A. Batool, F. Rehman, Mujeeb Ullah, O. Kesbiç, G. Maricchiolo, F. Fazio
The current study aims to determine the effect of four different anesthetics such as MS-222 (100 mg/L), tobacco extract (50 mg/L), propiscin (1.0 ml/L) and clove oil (40 mg/L) on the hematology and blood biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita. Blood was sampled 10 minutes after the anesthesia was administered and again after 24 hours. Except for the clove oil 24h measurements, there was a significant difference in the number of blood cells in all anesthetic applications (P<0.05). Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were not altered after 24 hours of treatment with clove oil and propiscin. MCV, MCH and MCHC values were not significantly affected in any application except clove oil 24h. Biochemical parameters, including total protein and glucose level, significantly changed (P<0.05) in propiscin and clove oil group. Enzymatic activities such as ALT changed significantly with MS-222, and AST values were nonsignificant (P>0.05) with tobacco, Change has been detected in ALP with MS-222 and tobacco calcium and magnesium showed non-significant differences with anesthetics. Overall all the parameters were affected by anesthetics used in the current research, however, it was established that 24 hours following the administration of clove oil, the discrepancies in blood values had vanished to a great extent.
{"title":"Effect of Different Anaesthetics on Hematology and Blood Biochemistry of Labeo rohita","authors":"S. Habib, S. Naz, A. Batool, F. Rehman, Mujeeb Ullah, O. Kesbiç, G. Maricchiolo, F. Fazio","doi":"10.4194/aquast1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1195","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to determine the effect of four different anesthetics such as MS-222 (100 mg/L), tobacco extract (50 mg/L), propiscin (1.0 ml/L) and clove oil (40 mg/L) on the hematology and blood biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita. Blood was sampled 10 minutes after the anesthesia was administered and again after 24 hours. Except for the clove oil 24h measurements, there was a significant difference in the number of blood cells in all anesthetic applications (P<0.05). Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were not altered after 24 hours of treatment with clove oil and propiscin. MCV, MCH and MCHC values were not significantly affected in any application except clove oil 24h. Biochemical parameters, including total protein and glucose level, significantly changed (P<0.05) in propiscin and clove oil group. Enzymatic activities such as ALT changed significantly with MS-222, and AST values were nonsignificant (P>0.05) with tobacco, Change has been detected in ALP with MS-222 and tobacco calcium and magnesium showed non-significant differences with anesthetics. Overall all the parameters were affected by anesthetics used in the current research, however, it was established that 24 hours following the administration of clove oil, the discrepancies in blood values had vanished to a great extent.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis on growth, length-weight relationship and some biological indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. An iso-nitrogenous (50% crude protein) diet was supplemented with three different concentrations of a mixture of equal quantities of the two strains of Bifidobacterium, namely T1 (1×107CFU/g), T2 (2×107CFU/g), T3 (3×107CFU/g) and a control (without bacteria). A total of 480 trout fries with an initial mean body weight of 0.53±0.19 g were randomly divided into four groups, each with 4 replicates. The fries were distributed into 16 fiberglass tanks (20 L total capacity) each filled with 15 L of water (water exchange rate of 2 L min-1 and permanent aeration) at a density of 2 fries per liter. During the 8-week feeding trial, the mean water temperature was 17.66±1.33°C and that of pH was 7.63±0.08. All fish groups demonstrated positive allometric growth. Trout fries fed with diet T1 recorded significantly higher (P<0.05) gonadosomatic index, specific growth rate and mean weight gain. The highest final mean length (14.12±4.57 cm) was recorded in fry fed with diet T2. The lowest concentration of Bifidobacterium, T1 induced the best growth and it enhanced the biological indices of O. mykiss.
{"title":"Dietary Effects of Two Bifidobacterium Strains on Growth, Length-weight Relationships and Biological Indices on Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)","authors":"J. Sahandi, H. Jafaryan","doi":"10.4194/aquast961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast961","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis on growth, length-weight relationship and some biological indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. An iso-nitrogenous (50% crude protein) diet was supplemented with three different concentrations of a mixture of equal quantities of the two strains of Bifidobacterium, namely T1 (1×107CFU/g), T2 (2×107CFU/g), T3 (3×107CFU/g) and a control (without bacteria). A total of 480 trout fries with an initial mean body weight of 0.53±0.19 g were randomly divided into four groups, each with 4 replicates. The fries were distributed into 16 fiberglass tanks (20 L total capacity) each filled with 15 L of water (water exchange rate of 2 L min-1 and permanent aeration) at a density of 2 fries per liter. During the 8-week feeding trial, the mean water temperature was 17.66±1.33°C and that of pH was 7.63±0.08. All fish groups demonstrated positive allometric growth. Trout fries fed with diet T1 recorded significantly higher (P<0.05) gonadosomatic index, specific growth rate and mean weight gain. The highest final mean length (14.12±4.57 cm) was recorded in fry fed with diet T2. The lowest concentration of Bifidobacterium, T1 induced the best growth and it enhanced the biological indices of O. mykiss.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scylla mud crabs are economically important portunid species for aquaculture in many countries. However, mass production of mud crabs as a supply of seafood is still difficult up-to-date. This review aimed to provide an overview of the major constraints faced in the grow-out farming of mud crabs, and the potential solutions were discussed. The major constraints in the Scylla mud crabs' grow-out culture are (1) inadequate seed supply, (2) cannibalism, (3) disease outbreaks, and (4) no commercial formulated feed that is specifically designed for mud crabs. The inadequate wild mud crabs seed supply can be solved through artificial seed production seed in the hatcheries, but the knowledge of mud crab requirements at early life stages is needed to improve the rearing techniques and production. Cannibalism in the grow-out culture of mud crabs is manageable, provided that the farmers are knowledgeable about the basic prevention methods (shelter provision, size grading, monosex culture) and they are practicing it. On the disease outbreaks, research into discovering new alternatives to antibiotics and prevention methods should be prioritized. Finally, the commercial formulated grow-out diet that is specific for the Scylla mud crabs should be developed to replace the use of natural products for feeding.
{"title":"An Overview of the Major Constraints in Scylla Mud Crabs Grow-out Culture and Its Mitigation Methods","authors":"K. Liew, Francis Kai-Bin Yong, L. Lim","doi":"10.4194/aquast993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast993","url":null,"abstract":"Scylla mud crabs are economically important portunid species for aquaculture in many countries. However, mass production of mud crabs as a supply of seafood is still difficult up-to-date. This review aimed to provide an overview of the major constraints faced in the grow-out farming of mud crabs, and the potential solutions were discussed. The major constraints in the Scylla mud crabs' grow-out culture are (1) inadequate seed supply, (2) cannibalism, (3) disease outbreaks, and (4) no commercial formulated feed that is specifically designed for mud crabs. The inadequate wild mud crabs seed supply can be solved through artificial seed production seed in the hatcheries, but the knowledge of mud crab requirements at early life stages is needed to improve the rearing techniques and production. Cannibalism in the grow-out culture of mud crabs is manageable, provided that the farmers are knowledgeable about the basic prevention methods (shelter provision, size grading, monosex culture) and they are practicing it. On the disease outbreaks, research into discovering new alternatives to antibiotics and prevention methods should be prioritized. Finally, the commercial formulated grow-out diet that is specific for the Scylla mud crabs should be developed to replace the use of natural products for feeding.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective of the study was to determine growth and the accumulation of an anticancer metabolite, renieramycin M (RM) of the sponge Xestospongia sp. Two phytoplankton, Chaetocerose gracilis and Nannochloropsis sp., were used as live feed. Sponges fed by C. gracilis weighed significantly more than sponges fed by Nannochloropsis sp. and control (2.95 g vs 1.27 and 0.66 g, respectively; P<0.05), respectively. Sponges fed by Nannochloropsis sp. showed maximum RM accumulation (0.32 mg/1500 mg tissue), followed by sponges fed by with C. gracilis (0.19 mg/1500 mg tissue) and the control (0.16 mg/1500 g tissue). RM accumulation was not significantly different among treatment groups, suggesting the type of phytoplankton feed affects the growth of Xestospongia sp. To confirm the existence of sponge associated cyanobacteria (Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens), two renieramycin biosynthetic genes (renC and renJ) belonging to the endosymbiont were amplified. Quantification, purification and sequencing analysis of recombinant DNA revealed the existence of renC and renJ in sponge tissue, with similarities of 99.40% and 99.33% to other isolates in the gene bank suggesting the association of Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens with the sponge. It can conclude that C. gracilis promotes the growth of a blue sponge, while RM was produced by an associated cyanobacterium.
{"title":"Effect of Phytoplankton Feed on Growth and Renieramycin M Producing of a Blue Marine Sponge (Xestospongia Sp.)","authors":"Kieattisak Yokseng, Udomsak Darumas, Rachow Khawchamnan, Patchara Pedpradab","doi":"10.4194/aquast1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1199","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of the study was to determine growth and the accumulation of an anticancer metabolite, renieramycin M (RM) of the sponge Xestospongia sp. Two phytoplankton, Chaetocerose gracilis and Nannochloropsis sp., were used as live feed. Sponges fed by C. gracilis weighed significantly more than sponges fed by Nannochloropsis sp. and control (2.95 g vs 1.27 and 0.66 g, respectively; P<0.05), respectively. Sponges fed by Nannochloropsis sp. showed maximum RM accumulation (0.32 mg/1500 mg tissue), followed by sponges fed by with C. gracilis (0.19 mg/1500 mg tissue) and the control (0.16 mg/1500 g tissue). RM accumulation was not significantly different among treatment groups, suggesting the type of phytoplankton feed affects the growth of Xestospongia sp. To confirm the existence of sponge associated cyanobacteria (Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens), two renieramycin biosynthetic genes (renC and renJ) belonging to the endosymbiont were amplified. Quantification, purification and sequencing analysis of recombinant DNA revealed the existence of renC and renJ in sponge tissue, with similarities of 99.40% and 99.33% to other isolates in the gene bank suggesting the association of Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens with the sponge. It can conclude that C. gracilis promotes the growth of a blue sponge, while RM was produced by an associated cyanobacterium.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45215952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umate Usman, M. Diyaware, Mohammed Zakariya Hassan, Hauwa Mohammed Shettima
Effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with Hibiscus sabdariffa (HSSM) seed meal as protein sources in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (Burchell, 1822) was investigated. Hibiscus sabdariffa seed was processed by soaking for 24 hours, sprouting for 48 hours and fermenting for 72 hours. The processing methods that gave higher crude protein level, and lower anti-nutritional factors were used for the replacement of soya bean. The result shows that the crude protein values (CP) recorded for raw, soaked, sprouted and fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa were 25.49, 25.19, 24.25 and 25.68%, respectively. In view of this, fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal (FHSSM) was used. Different replacement levels of the soya bean with fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal (0 control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) were allotted to five groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings (4.0 - 4.4 g) randomly stocked at 10 fish per unit in 1 m x 1 m x 1.2 m hapa installed in a polythene lined pond (7 x 5 x 1.2 m) in completely randomized design with an average rainfall of 550 mm and fed for 150 days. The haematological indices of C. gariepinus fed different replacement levels of soya bean with FHSSM were also studied. The haematological parameters indicate that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments in most of the parameters. The ANFs in FHSSM are within the tolerable level by fish. This informed the basis for the selection of FHSSM for the feeding trials. Feeding trials conducted indicates no significant difference (P>0.05) in condition factor, survival and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for the various treatments. Better weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) are recorded in fish fed 25% FHSSM. This implies that 25% of soya bean meal in C. gariepinus could be substituted with fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal without deleterious effect on growth and utilization performance.
研究了用木槿籽粕（HSSM）代替豆粕（SBM）作为蛋白质来源在中华小蠊（Burchell，1822）日粮中的作用。采用浸泡24小时、发芽48小时、发酵72小时的方法对芙蓉种子进行处理。采用粗蛋白含量高、抗营养因子低的加工方法替代大豆。结果表明，生芙蓉、浸泡芙蓉、发芽芙蓉和发酵芙蓉的粗蛋白值分别为25.49%、25.19%、24.25%和25.68%。鉴于此，采用发酵木槿籽粕（FHSSM）。用发酵木槿籽粉（0对照、25、50、75和100%）替换不同水平的大豆，分配给五组加里埃皮努斯鱼种（4.0-4.4g），以完全随机设计的方式，在1米x 1米x 1.2米的聚乙烯内衬池塘（7 x 5 x 1.2米）中，每单位随机放养10条鱼，平均降雨量为550毫米，饲养150天。研究了用FHSSM饲喂不同替代水平大豆的加里epinus的血液学指标。血液学参数表明，各治疗组在大多数参数上没有显著差异（P>0.05）。FHSSM中的ANF在鱼类可容忍的水平内。这为选择FHSSM进行饲养试验提供了依据。饲养试验表明，不同处理在条件因子、存活率和蛋白质效率（PER）方面没有显著差异（P>0.05）。喂食25%FHSSM的鱼具有更好的增重、饲料转化率（FCR）和比生长率（SGR）。这意味着，在不影响生长和利用性能的情况下，发酵的木槿籽粕可以取代C.gariepinus中25%的豆粕。
{"title":"Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Seeds as a Substitute for Soya Bean on Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)","authors":"Umate Usman, M. Diyaware, Mohammed Zakariya Hassan, Hauwa Mohammed Shettima","doi":"10.4194/aquast1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1298","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with Hibiscus sabdariffa (HSSM) seed meal as protein sources in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (Burchell, 1822) was investigated. Hibiscus sabdariffa seed was processed by soaking for 24 hours, sprouting for 48 hours and fermenting for 72 hours. The processing methods that gave higher crude protein level, and lower anti-nutritional factors were used for the replacement of soya bean. The result shows that the crude protein values (CP) recorded for raw, soaked, sprouted and fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa were 25.49, 25.19, 24.25 and 25.68%, respectively. In view of this, fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal (FHSSM) was used. Different replacement levels of the soya bean with fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal (0 control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) were allotted to five groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings (4.0 - 4.4 g) randomly stocked at 10 fish per unit in 1 m x 1 m x 1.2 m hapa installed in a polythene lined pond (7 x 5 x 1.2 m) in completely randomized design with an average rainfall of 550 mm and fed for 150 days. The haematological indices of C. gariepinus fed different replacement levels of soya bean with FHSSM were also studied. The haematological parameters indicate that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments in most of the parameters. The ANFs in FHSSM are within the tolerable level by fish. This informed the basis for the selection of FHSSM for the feeding trials. Feeding trials conducted indicates no significant difference (P>0.05) in condition factor, survival and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for the various treatments. Better weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) are recorded in fish fed 25% FHSSM. This implies that 25% of soya bean meal in C. gariepinus could be substituted with fermented Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal without deleterious effect on growth and utilization performance.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42035153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya Pèlèbè, I. Ouattara, P. Agbohessi, E. Attakpa, P. Mattah, Elizabeth Effah, J. Fall, D. Aheto, B. Emikpe, I. Toko, E. Montchowui, C. M. Blé
The potential use of water reservoirs exposed to cotton-fields effluents in northern Benin was explored for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production. A 120-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the rearing performance of C. gariepinus in two culture systems (cage and pen) tested each in two water reservoirs, one located within the cotton basin (Batran) and the other outside (Songhaï). Measured water physico-chemical parameters were within the tolerable limits for C. gariepinus. Survival rates were similar among treatments and above 92%. Water reservoir, culture system and their interaction influenced significantly the final mean body weight (g), specific growth rate (%/day), and condition factor (%). The highest values of these parameters were observed in fish from cages at Batran (701.09±38.82 g, 2.88±0.05, and 0.84±0.00), while the same culture system displayed the lowest values (296.83±19.95 g, 2.16±0.06, and 0.67±0.02), statistically similar to those obtained in pens at Songhaï. Feed utilization parameters were similar between the culture systems. Fish with high mean final body weight contained less water and more ash and gross energy (p<0.05). We recommend cage culture for improved rearing of African Catfish in northern Benin water reservoirs.
{"title":"Growth Performance and Proximate Composition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Cultured in Cages and Pens in Northern Benin Water Reservoirs Exposed to Cotton-field Effluents","authors":"Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya Pèlèbè, I. Ouattara, P. Agbohessi, E. Attakpa, P. Mattah, Elizabeth Effah, J. Fall, D. Aheto, B. Emikpe, I. Toko, E. Montchowui, C. M. Blé","doi":"10.4194/aquast1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1038","url":null,"abstract":"The potential use of water reservoirs exposed to cotton-fields effluents in northern Benin was explored for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production. A 120-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the rearing performance of C. gariepinus in two culture systems (cage and pen) tested each in two water reservoirs, one located within the cotton basin (Batran) and the other outside (Songhaï). Measured water physico-chemical parameters were within the tolerable limits for C. gariepinus. Survival rates were similar among treatments and above 92%. Water reservoir, culture system and their interaction influenced significantly the final mean body weight (g), specific growth rate (%/day), and condition factor (%). The highest values of these parameters were observed in fish from cages at Batran (701.09±38.82 g, 2.88±0.05, and 0.84±0.00), while the same culture system displayed the lowest values (296.83±19.95 g, 2.16±0.06, and 0.67±0.02), statistically similar to those obtained in pens at Songhaï. Feed utilization parameters were similar between the culture systems. Fish with high mean final body weight contained less water and more ash and gross energy (p<0.05). We recommend cage culture for improved rearing of African Catfish in northern Benin water reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48554385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using weight as a measure of size in cannibalistic species can be misleading. This research determined the growth pattern, cannibalism and heterosis of crosses between two African catfishes Clarias gariepinus (Cl) and Heterobranchus longifilis (Ht). Fry were reared communally for Cl×Cl, Cl×Ht, Ht×Cl and Ht×Ht for 14 days before triplicates of 100 fry were randomly stocked in concrete ponds. The length of the samples was taken weekly, and growth shooters were sorted out using the criteria of cut-off length earlier proposed by the authors. The Gompertz model successfully converged for the growth modelling of three crosses: Cl×Cl, Cl×Ht and Ht×Cl with asymptotic values of 40.44 mm, 59.42 mm, 57.27 mm. In contrast, the cross HtxHt converged using the monomolecular growth model with an asymptotic length of 72.09 mm. Type I and type II cannibalism were observed with a greater influence of H. longifilis. Absolute growth rate (AGR) was highest in Ht×Cl (1.52 mm.day-1) progeny and lowest in Ht×Ht (1.02 mm.day-1). There was positive heterosis for length and AGR with negative heterosis for survival (–8.93%) and sorting (–1.86%). There was positive heterosis for cannibalism. The study revealed the maximum length attainable for offspring of these crosses and sorting effectiveness/criteria.
{"title":"Determination of Asymptotic Growth in Progenies of Crosses Between Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus longifilis and Attenuation of Intra-cohort Cannibalism","authors":"G. Ataguba, P. Annune, A. Garba","doi":"10.4194/aquast1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/aquast1078","url":null,"abstract":"Using weight as a measure of size in cannibalistic species can be misleading. This research determined the growth pattern, cannibalism and heterosis of crosses between two African catfishes Clarias gariepinus (Cl) and Heterobranchus longifilis (Ht). Fry were reared communally for Cl×Cl, Cl×Ht, Ht×Cl and Ht×Ht for 14 days before triplicates of 100 fry were randomly stocked in concrete ponds. The length of the samples was taken weekly, and growth shooters were sorted out using the criteria of cut-off length earlier proposed by the authors. The Gompertz model successfully converged for the growth modelling of three crosses: Cl×Cl, Cl×Ht and Ht×Cl with asymptotic values of 40.44 mm, 59.42 mm, 57.27 mm. In contrast, the cross HtxHt converged using the monomolecular growth model with an asymptotic length of 72.09 mm. Type I and type II cannibalism were observed with a greater influence of H. longifilis. Absolute growth rate (AGR) was highest in Ht×Cl (1.52 mm.day-1) progeny and lowest in Ht×Ht (1.02 mm.day-1). There was positive heterosis for length and AGR with negative heterosis for survival (–8.93%) and sorting (–1.86%). There was positive heterosis for cannibalism. The study revealed the maximum length attainable for offspring of these crosses and sorting effectiveness/criteria.","PeriodicalId":36343,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44308214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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