Fiorella Caputo, R. Barranco, P. Ricci, S. Gratteri, F. Frigiolini, G. Rocca, F. Ventura
Functional neurological disorders can have different clinical manifestations, including coma, in the setting of an unknown etiology. In this article, we present a case of a young man affected by intellectual disabilities who, after a physical assault reported serious neurological alterations and a functional coma. This case shows how a stressful psychophysical event can bring acute and variable neurological manifestations of functional significance to a victim with previous intellectual disabilities. Despite the growing interest in this field, research is still very limited and studies in this field could better explain the nature of the psychogenic coma. From a medico-legal point of view, problems of evaluation may emerge for these disorders emerge as a result of acute psycho-physical stress and without any detectable structural alterations.
{"title":"An unusual case of functional neurological disorders and psychogenic coma following physical assault: Clinical and medico-legal considerations","authors":"Fiorella Caputo, R. Barranco, P. Ricci, S. Gratteri, F. Frigiolini, G. Rocca, F. Ventura","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_20","url":null,"abstract":"Functional neurological disorders can have different clinical manifestations, including coma, in the setting of an unknown etiology. In this article, we present a case of a young man affected by intellectual disabilities who, after a physical assault reported serious neurological alterations and a functional coma. This case shows how a stressful psychophysical event can bring acute and variable neurological manifestations of functional significance to a victim with previous intellectual disabilities. Despite the growing interest in this field, research is still very limited and studies in this field could better explain the nature of the psychogenic coma. From a medico-legal point of view, problems of evaluation may emerge for these disorders emerge as a result of acute psycho-physical stress and without any detectable structural alterations.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"36 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45154729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual. Materials and Methods: Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD,AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%. Conclusion: Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.
背景:放射成像在法医人类学中起着举足轻重的作用。随着成像技术的进步，数字骨骼测量也越来越精确。在现代，人口的世俗趋势不断变化。因此，在现代人群中寻找精确的、可重复性高的骨骼测量技术是建立特定人群生物图谱的必要条件。目的和目的:本研究的目的是评估大孔测量的准确性，该测量是由三维多探测器计算机断层扫描使用体积绘制技术获得的，每个变量的截断值，用于确定个体的性别。材料与方法:对130张男女样本比例相等的放射图像进行了前后径(APD)和横向径(TD)两种度量特征的数字测量。枕骨大孔指数和枕骨大孔面积(面积由Radinsky’s [AR]计算，面积由Teixeira’s [AT]计算)由APD和TD计算。结果:描述性统计分析，采用非配对t检验，在所有变量中，男性显著高于男性。Pearson相关分析显示，面积(AT与AR r = 0.999)和面积与TD (AR r = 0.955, AT r = 0.945)的相关性最大。单独使用时，在所有参数中，TD对性别的预测价值最高(67.7%)，其次是AT(65.4%)和AR(64.6%)。变量TD、AR和AT的截止值分别为29.9 mm、841.80 mm2和849.70 mm2。受试者工作特征曲线预测男性和女性的准确率分别为96.2%和89.2%。模型的总体准确率为92.7%。结论:三维CT体绘制技术测量结果准确，应用logistic回归分析预测性别更准确。
{"title":"Virtual determination of sex: Estimating cut off value of digital metric traits of foramen magnum on three-dimensional computed tomography with receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analysis","authors":"H. Agarwal, P. Setia, S. Pandey","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_59_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_59_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual. Materials and Methods: Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD,AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%. Conclusion: Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Li, Yang Li, Bin Wu, Bin Wu, Yong Wu, Hongliang Zhu, Jian Wang, Jianjun Li, G. He
The role of computed tomography (CT) images in forensic identification has been widely recognized. Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases, including falls from a height, drowning, explosion and gunshot cases, traffic accidents, and sudden death. However, few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries. Therefore, the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen, and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.
{"title":"Comparison of computed tomography imaging with traditional autopsy results","authors":"Yang Li, Yang Li, Bin Wu, Bin Wu, Yong Wu, Hongliang Zhu, Jian Wang, Jianjun Li, G. He","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_20","url":null,"abstract":"The role of computed tomography (CT) images in forensic identification has been widely recognized. Such images can provide an important basis for identification of the cause of death in complicated and difficult cases, including falls from a height, drowning, explosion and gunshot cases, traffic accidents, and sudden death. However, few reports have focused on the application of CT images in cases of death caused by sharp object injuries. Therefore, the CT images and autopsy findings were compared in a case of death caused by sharp object injuries to the chest and abdomen, and the importance of CT images in cases of death from common sharp object injuries is herein discussed.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"33 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Wani, Nusrat Nazir, R. Sheikh, A. Chalkoo, Tauseefa Jan
Background: sex identification by morphological assessment of various bones of the skeleton had been one of the oldest approaches in forensic anthropology and medico-legal cases. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to make the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum in determining the feasibility of sex determination using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The data for our study was obtained from 100 patients having CT scan of the head and neck region (Siemens Somatom 256 slice CT scanner) with 1mm contiguous axial scans using bone window settings (2000 HU with 400 HU in centre), scan time of one second and exposure parameters 140 kVp and 70mA. The different measurements taken include the antero-posterior (AP) diameter, transverse diameter and area of the foramen magnum. Results: There were 50 males and 50 females with the age range of 18 to 75 years. Males have a higher average value than females in all of the parameters measured on foramen magnum. By using Student's T-test, all the measured parameters showed significant difference between the sexes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum region shows significant difference between the sexes, therefore this area of the skull should be considered a useful area in the identification of sex.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in the determination of sex using computed tomography","authors":"B. Wani, Nusrat Nazir, R. Sheikh, A. Chalkoo, Tauseefa Jan","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: sex identification by morphological assessment of various bones of the skeleton had been one of the oldest approaches in forensic anthropology and medico-legal cases. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to make the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum in determining the feasibility of sex determination using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The data for our study was obtained from 100 patients having CT scan of the head and neck region (Siemens Somatom 256 slice CT scanner) with 1mm contiguous axial scans using bone window settings (2000 HU with 400 HU in centre), scan time of one second and exposure parameters 140 kVp and 70mA. The different measurements taken include the antero-posterior (AP) diameter, transverse diameter and area of the foramen magnum. Results: There were 50 males and 50 females with the age range of 18 to 75 years. Males have a higher average value than females in all of the parameters measured on foramen magnum. By using Student's T-test, all the measured parameters showed significant difference between the sexes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum region shows significant difference between the sexes, therefore this area of the skull should be considered a useful area in the identification of sex.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"9 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wang Yucong, Zhu Haibiao, L. Ran, Zhang Haidong, Zhao Dong, Wang Xu, Yang Tiantong
Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which are commonly used in clinical medicine, to determine the cause and manner of death. Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines forensic medicine, pathology, radiology, computer graphics, biomechanics, and physics. Virtopsy is rapidly gaining importance in forensic science and has been extensively studied in several areas of forensic pathology. In this study, we reviewed domestic and international research on causes of death, traffic injuries, medical disputes, gunshot trauma, postmortem changes, and inference of time of death to discuss with colleagues the role of virtopsy in forensic pathology.
{"title":"Application of virtopsy in forensic pathology","authors":"Wang Yucong, Zhu Haibiao, L. Ran, Zhang Haidong, Zhao Dong, Wang Xu, Yang Tiantong","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_67_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_67_20","url":null,"abstract":"Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which are commonly used in clinical medicine, to determine the cause and manner of death. Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines forensic medicine, pathology, radiology, computer graphics, biomechanics, and physics. Virtopsy is rapidly gaining importance in forensic science and has been extensively studied in several areas of forensic pathology. In this study, we reviewed domestic and international research on causes of death, traffic injuries, medical disputes, gunshot trauma, postmortem changes, and inference of time of death to discuss with colleagues the role of virtopsy in forensic pathology.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42886937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Tang, Zhe Liu, Y. Xue, Leilei Zhang, Dongdong Zhao, Lijiang Diao, Yigang Zhang, Faming Teng, P. Zhao
This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system. Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy construction, such as the multiparty co-construction mode, cooperation mode, and individual construction mode, and reviewed (1) the understanding of public security and application process of virtual anatomy; (2) the problems faced in the construction and application processes, such as those associated with support of human resources, equipment supplies and financial expenditure, the limitations of the technology itself, legal issues with application, shrinkage of the identification business, and appraiser-related problems; and (3) the prospect of application of virtopsy in public security systems.
{"title":"Application of virtopsy in the police activities in China","authors":"L. Tang, Zhe Liu, Y. Xue, Leilei Zhang, Dongdong Zhao, Lijiang Diao, Yigang Zhang, Faming Teng, P. Zhao","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_68_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_68_20","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system. Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy construction, such as the multiparty co-construction mode, cooperation mode, and individual construction mode, and reviewed (1) the understanding of public security and application process of virtual anatomy; (2) the problems faced in the construction and application processes, such as those associated with support of human resources, equipment supplies and financial expenditure, the limitations of the technology itself, legal issues with application, shrinkage of the identification business, and appraiser-related problems; and (3) the prospect of application of virtopsy in public security systems.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"24 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44664450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenjun Jia, G. Chunfang, Dai Peng, Liu Zhuo, Qian Zunlei, Yao Weixuan
Biological evidence technology plays an important role in the field of crime scene investigation. DNA technology is known as one of the important ways to make a breakthrough in the resolution of a criminal case. Nonetheless, there are some problems in on-site experiment-based teaching during the COVID-2019 pandemic, which limits the students' incentives to acquire knowledge about DNA. Under these conditions, the goals and requirements of the Biological Evidence Technology course cannot be achieved. A virtual simulation experiment can solve these problems online. The students can gain a deeper understanding of the process and method of human DNA extraction and identification, and thus, the impact of experiment-based teaching improves. In this paper, we discuss the contents of DNA experiments, specifications of the simulation system, system requirements, the implementation process, and other parameters of the design. We investigated the early teaching effect. A virtual simulation experiment with DNA can overcome the limitations of devices (and other equipment) and spatial and temporal limitations during the COVID-2019 pandemic. Students can participate in the whole process of experiment-based teaching. Teaching mode “Internet + laboratory” increases the open access and sharing of experiment-based teaching resources.
{"title":"A study on a virtual simulation experiment with DNA in a biological evidence technology course during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Zhenjun Jia, G. Chunfang, Dai Peng, Liu Zhuo, Qian Zunlei, Yao Weixuan","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_69_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_69_20","url":null,"abstract":"Biological evidence technology plays an important role in the field of crime scene investigation. DNA technology is known as one of the important ways to make a breakthrough in the resolution of a criminal case. Nonetheless, there are some problems in on-site experiment-based teaching during the COVID-2019 pandemic, which limits the students' incentives to acquire knowledge about DNA. Under these conditions, the goals and requirements of the Biological Evidence Technology course cannot be achieved. A virtual simulation experiment can solve these problems online. The students can gain a deeper understanding of the process and method of human DNA extraction and identification, and thus, the impact of experiment-based teaching improves. In this paper, we discuss the contents of DNA experiments, specifications of the simulation system, system requirements, the implementation process, and other parameters of the design. We investigated the early teaching effect. A virtual simulation experiment with DNA can overcome the limitations of devices (and other equipment) and spatial and temporal limitations during the COVID-2019 pandemic. Students can participate in the whole process of experiment-based teaching. Teaching mode “Internet + laboratory” increases the open access and sharing of experiment-based teaching resources.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"140 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvira Carias, Claire Hammerschmidt, T. Hall, Xiang Zhang, Rebecca Phipps, Ling Li
Few studies have been done on the incidences of train-related pedestrian fatalities throughout the United States, with no previous studies reported in the State of Maryland. A retrospective study was conducted at the statewide medical examiner's office in Maryland to evaluate the characteristics of train-related pedestrian fatalities from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study was to analyze circumstances of deaths through the medicolegal death investigation and postmortem examination findings, including toxicological study, to help identify epidemiological characteristics of pedestrian–train-related fatalities. A total of 48 pedestrian-train deaths were identified. Of the 48 cases identified, 21 deaths (43.75%) were determined to be accident, 20 deaths (41.67%) were suicide, and 7 deaths (14.58%) whose manner of death could not be determined. Of the 21 accidental victims, 17 were male and 4 were female (M:F ratio = 4.3:1), 11 (52.38%) were white, 6 (28.57%) African American, and 4 Hispanic (19.05%), with age ranging from 16 to 58 years (mean age = 35). Of the 20 suicide victims, 17 were males and 3 females (M:F ratio = 5.7:1), 16 (80%) were white, 2 (10%) African American, and 2 (10%) Hispanic, with age ranging from 22 to 60 years (mean age = 40). The majority of accidents occurred during weekday evening rush hours between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm, while the suicides showed no specific time frames. No specific peak for seasons of year was found in suicides or accidents. Postmortem toxicological studies showed that 52.38% (11/21 cases) of accidental victims were positive for alcohol and 30% (6/20 cases) of suicide victims were positive for alcohol. Manner of death could not be determined in 7 cases because of unclear circumstances of death. Thorough death scene investigation and complete postmortem examination, including comprehensive toxicological testing, is very important in all train-related pedestrian fatalities. Determining the manner of death can directly affect the outcome of civil ligation and dispersal of insurance benefits. The characteristic profiles of train-related pedestrian fatalities can also assist effective preventive measures on railway suicides and accidents.
{"title":"Evaluation of pedestrian–train fatalities in the State of Maryland: A 5-year retrospective study","authors":"Elvira Carias, Claire Hammerschmidt, T. Hall, Xiang Zhang, Rebecca Phipps, Ling Li","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_75_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_75_20","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have been done on the incidences of train-related pedestrian fatalities throughout the United States, with no previous studies reported in the State of Maryland. A retrospective study was conducted at the statewide medical examiner's office in Maryland to evaluate the characteristics of train-related pedestrian fatalities from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study was to analyze circumstances of deaths through the medicolegal death investigation and postmortem examination findings, including toxicological study, to help identify epidemiological characteristics of pedestrian–train-related fatalities. A total of 48 pedestrian-train deaths were identified. Of the 48 cases identified, 21 deaths (43.75%) were determined to be accident, 20 deaths (41.67%) were suicide, and 7 deaths (14.58%) whose manner of death could not be determined. Of the 21 accidental victims, 17 were male and 4 were female (M:F ratio = 4.3:1), 11 (52.38%) were white, 6 (28.57%) African American, and 4 Hispanic (19.05%), with age ranging from 16 to 58 years (mean age = 35). Of the 20 suicide victims, 17 were males and 3 females (M:F ratio = 5.7:1), 16 (80%) were white, 2 (10%) African American, and 2 (10%) Hispanic, with age ranging from 22 to 60 years (mean age = 40). The majority of accidents occurred during weekday evening rush hours between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm, while the suicides showed no specific time frames. No specific peak for seasons of year was found in suicides or accidents. Postmortem toxicological studies showed that 52.38% (11/21 cases) of accidental victims were positive for alcohol and 30% (6/20 cases) of suicide victims were positive for alcohol. Manner of death could not be determined in 7 cases because of unclear circumstances of death. Thorough death scene investigation and complete postmortem examination, including comprehensive toxicological testing, is very important in all train-related pedestrian fatalities. Determining the manner of death can directly affect the outcome of civil ligation and dispersal of insurance benefits. The characteristic profiles of train-related pedestrian fatalities can also assist effective preventive measures on railway suicides and accidents.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"135 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtopsy technology is noninvasive, noncontact, and can find potential lesions. For these reasons, it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science. The present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development, introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine, summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China, and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning, setting standards, strengthening assistance, and promoting scientific research.
{"title":"Expediting the development of virtopsy identification technology in forensic medicine in China","authors":"L. Xin, Zheng Xiechang","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_74_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_74_20","url":null,"abstract":"Virtopsy technology is noninvasive, noncontact, and can find potential lesions. For these reasons, it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science. The present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development, introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine, summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China, and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning, setting standards, strengthening assistance, and promoting scientific research.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"144 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43772670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fang, Jianxia Chen, X. Dai, Yuzi Zheng, Hao Wu, Yingqiang Fu, Jian Li, Y. Ye, Linchuan Liao
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a sexual act in which the victim is unable to give or rescind consent due to alcohol or drug intoxication, which involved the abuse of benzodiazepines around the world. Conventional techniques used for the analysis of benzodiazepines have the limitation of short detection time window due to the rapid metabolism of these drugs in body. This study aimed to investigate the characteristic changes of metabolites in the blood of rats after ingesting diazepam/clonazepam through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method, allowing the indirect reveal of the rats ingested diazepam/clonazepam. First, we found that diazepam and clonazepam in the blood of rats could not be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after 48 h of ingestion. Then, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis regression models were, respectively, constructed to determine whether the rats ingested diazepam/clonazepam after 48 h. The results showed that 5 metabolites were found to be associated with diazepam exposure, and 7 metabolites were found to be associated with clonazepam exposure, which may be characterization for the evaluation of digestion of diazepam and clonazepam in rat.
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