Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1870
V. Topchii, O. Topchii, Maksym Zabarniy, N. Karpenko, Ihor Hrytsiuk
Background: In order to effectively prevent crime, the law enforcement agencies in Ukraine use criminological forecasting, through which it is possible to study and identify the main problems of crime. Aims and Objectives: The article aims to consider the modern criminological science in Ukraine and the world within the framework of criminological analysis used, determine the advantages and disadvantages of the selected types of criminological analysis, and substantiate the feasibility of investigating latent crimes. Materials and Methods: In the course of the study, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: formal-logical, system, statistical, and synthesis method. Results: The authors conclude by the conducted analytical study that such criminological analyses as regression, factorial, and monitoring are the most widespread at the present stage of criminological science development. These methods of criminological analysis were examined, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world has led to the update in this direction. Conclusion: It has been proved that monitoring is the most frequent type of criminological analysis. This method is often used in criminological research to analyze statistical reporting publicly available to law enforcement agencies. The study has found it is advisable to investigate latent crime in addition to statistical indicators since it is several times higher than the level of officially registered criminal offenses in the country.
{"title":"Use of selected types of crime analysis in modern criminological science: Experience of Ukraine and the world","authors":"V. Topchii, O. Topchii, Maksym Zabarniy, N. Karpenko, Ihor Hrytsiuk","doi":"10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1870","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to effectively prevent crime, the law enforcement agencies in Ukraine use criminological forecasting, through which it is possible to study and identify the main problems of crime. Aims and Objectives: The article aims to consider the modern criminological science in Ukraine and the world within the framework of criminological analysis used, determine the advantages and disadvantages of the selected types of criminological analysis, and substantiate the feasibility of investigating latent crimes. Materials and Methods: In the course of the study, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: formal-logical, system, statistical, and synthesis method. Results: The authors conclude by the conducted analytical study that such criminological analyses as regression, factorial, and monitoring are the most widespread at the present stage of criminological science development. These methods of criminological analysis were examined, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world has led to the update in this direction. Conclusion: It has been proved that monitoring is the most frequent type of criminological analysis. This method is often used in criminological research to analyze statistical reporting publicly available to law enforcement agencies. The study has found it is advisable to investigate latent crime in addition to statistical indicators since it is several times higher than the level of officially registered criminal offenses in the country.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Prudnykova, Vasil Pyvovarov, O. Fedosova, Oksana Stasevska, O. Umanets
The European Convention on Human Rights proclaims the right of everyone to privacy of information about their state of health, which is a particularly important issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to determine the essence of the ECtHR's activity as a guarantee of information culture, highlight the main elements of its activities in this aspect, and analyze the right to medical secrecy in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The formal-logical method was used to analyze the norms of the European Convention on Human Rights, determine the content of basic concepts, and systematize the material in order to obtain generalizing conclusions within the framework of the stated problem. The predictive method was used to determine the prospects for the development of legislation aimed at creating a system of effective legal provision for the confidentiality of patient information. The European Court of Human Rights has more than once drew attention to the enormous importance of protecting personal, in particular medical data, so that a person can enjoy his or her right to private and family life with satisfaction. That is why public authorities must ensure the confidentiality of information about the health of individuals. It should not be disclosed or processed without the prior informed consent of the person concerned. There are a lot of cases of unlawful disclosure of information about the patient's health and liability for unlawful disclosure.
{"title":"European court of human rights as a guarantee of observation the medical secrecy","authors":"O. Prudnykova, Vasil Pyvovarov, O. Fedosova, Oksana Stasevska, O. Umanets","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_21","url":null,"abstract":"The European Convention on Human Rights proclaims the right of everyone to privacy of information about their state of health, which is a particularly important issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to determine the essence of the ECtHR's activity as a guarantee of information culture, highlight the main elements of its activities in this aspect, and analyze the right to medical secrecy in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The formal-logical method was used to analyze the norms of the European Convention on Human Rights, determine the content of basic concepts, and systematize the material in order to obtain generalizing conclusions within the framework of the stated problem. The predictive method was used to determine the prospects for the development of legislation aimed at creating a system of effective legal provision for the confidentiality of patient information. The European Court of Human Rights has more than once drew attention to the enormous importance of protecting personal, in particular medical data, so that a person can enjoy his or her right to private and family life with satisfaction. That is why public authorities must ensure the confidentiality of information about the health of individuals. It should not be disclosed or processed without the prior informed consent of the person concerned. There are a lot of cases of unlawful disclosure of information about the patient's health and liability for unlawful disclosure.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"145 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Borysenko, O. Bululukov, V. Pcholkin, Vasyl Baranchuk, Vladlena Prykhodko
The relevance of the study is forensic expert activity in terms of forensic examinations have been so transformed that existing theoretical provisions do not already solve traditional problems in some fields; their solvation requires new approaches of both theoretical and practical nature. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the content of new innovative directions in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones, and the possibility of their effective application in forensic expert activity. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which allowed the authors to consider the theoretical and scientific, and practical foundations of modern trends in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones. It also helped to identify promising fields of examinations necessary for crime prevention. Therefore, authors singled out the following advanced fields: biometric and computer forensic analyses, polygraph, and odor and trace evidence analyses. The materials of the article are of practical value for forensic experts and criminologists, law enforcement agencies.
{"title":"The modern development of new promising fields in forensic examinations","authors":"I. Borysenko, O. Bululukov, V. Pcholkin, Vasyl Baranchuk, Vladlena Prykhodko","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_66_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_66_21","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is forensic expert activity in terms of forensic examinations have been so transformed that existing theoretical provisions do not already solve traditional problems in some fields; their solvation requires new approaches of both theoretical and practical nature. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the content of new innovative directions in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones, and the possibility of their effective application in forensic expert activity. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which allowed the authors to consider the theoretical and scientific, and practical foundations of modern trends in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones. It also helped to identify promising fields of examinations necessary for crime prevention. Therefore, authors singled out the following advanced fields: biometric and computer forensic analyses, polygraph, and odor and trace evidence analyses. The materials of the article are of practical value for forensic experts and criminologists, law enforcement agencies.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"137 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikhil Dileeph, S. Sharija, A. Stanley, K. Valsala, S. Sujisha, Nikita Prabhakaran
Aims: The aim was to analyze the homicide pattern in South Kerala from autopsies conducted between 2002 and 2016. Objectives: Exploring the age and gender distribution of death due to homicide, the type and distribution of injuries according to the region of the body, and trends of homicide. We also tried to study the pattern of defense wounds in homicidal cases and characteristics in dyadic deaths (homicide-suicide). Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study. The setting was the Department of Forensic Medicine, State Medico-Legal Institute, Government Medical College (GMC), Thiruvananthapuram. All cases of autopsies with an alleged history of homicide, between 2002 and 2016, done at Mortuary of GMC, Thiruvananthapuram, were included in the study. Records of all cases of an alleged history of homicide from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2016 were perused. Results: 957 cases were analyzed. The annual incidence of homicide is declining after 2012. Young adult males (31–40 years) are the most common group involved (24.97%). Head injury was the most common cause of death (43.68%). The head was the most common area to be affected in fatal blunt force injuries (49%) while the chest was involved commonly in fatal sharp force injuries (36%). Females were more often the homicide victims in murder-suicides. Husband–wife and father–child combination was the most common pairs in dyadic deaths. Conclusion: The characteristics which were associated with the homicides were generally in agreement with the existing forensic literature. The findings encourage examining the motives of homicide and potential sociocultural factors affecting the victims and possibly the assailants. We also found that the murder-suicide cases differed from the homicides requiring a separate domain of understanding and subsequent investigations.
{"title":"The trend of homicides in South Kerala from 2002-2016: A retrospective forensic autopsy-based study","authors":"Nikhil Dileeph, S. Sharija, A. Stanley, K. Valsala, S. Sujisha, Nikita Prabhakaran","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim was to analyze the homicide pattern in South Kerala from autopsies conducted between 2002 and 2016. Objectives: Exploring the age and gender distribution of death due to homicide, the type and distribution of injuries according to the region of the body, and trends of homicide. We also tried to study the pattern of defense wounds in homicidal cases and characteristics in dyadic deaths (homicide-suicide). Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study. The setting was the Department of Forensic Medicine, State Medico-Legal Institute, Government Medical College (GMC), Thiruvananthapuram. All cases of autopsies with an alleged history of homicide, between 2002 and 2016, done at Mortuary of GMC, Thiruvananthapuram, were included in the study. Records of all cases of an alleged history of homicide from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2016 were perused. Results: 957 cases were analyzed. The annual incidence of homicide is declining after 2012. Young adult males (31–40 years) are the most common group involved (24.97%). Head injury was the most common cause of death (43.68%). The head was the most common area to be affected in fatal blunt force injuries (49%) while the chest was involved commonly in fatal sharp force injuries (36%). Females were more often the homicide victims in murder-suicides. Husband–wife and father–child combination was the most common pairs in dyadic deaths. Conclusion: The characteristics which were associated with the homicides were generally in agreement with the existing forensic literature. The findings encourage examining the motives of homicide and potential sociocultural factors affecting the victims and possibly the assailants. We also found that the murder-suicide cases differed from the homicides requiring a separate domain of understanding and subsequent investigations.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46213639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The author collected several samples with Chinese characters and utilized the 3D property of stroke indentation to explore how pen strokes left on the paper can assist with forensic investigation. Methods: We chose to collect the three-dimension property of handwriting strokes and analyze strokes indentation. In this study, the author extracted stroke indentation through focus variation microscopy as implemented by AB8000. Results and Conclusion: Upon experimenting with different types of pens and different writing surface, the author found that this result can tell with a great degree of certainty whether the sample is formed with a left-hand or right-hand writer and how the pen was being held. Although there are variations among the test results, the discovered pattern generally holds for different types of pens and writing surfaces, except that the result from using felt tip pens or extremely hard surfaces are less satisfactory. These findings are expected to be able to assist in narrowing down who wrote a certain handwriting sample.
{"title":"Pilot study on associating pen pressure with pen holding position using three-dimension property of stroke indentation","authors":"Ying‐min Guo, Bing Li","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_71_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_71_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The author collected several samples with Chinese characters and utilized the 3D property of stroke indentation to explore how pen strokes left on the paper can assist with forensic investigation. Methods: We chose to collect the three-dimension property of handwriting strokes and analyze strokes indentation. In this study, the author extracted stroke indentation through focus variation microscopy as implemented by AB8000. Results and Conclusion: Upon experimenting with different types of pens and different writing surface, the author found that this result can tell with a great degree of certainty whether the sample is formed with a left-hand or right-hand writer and how the pen was being held. Although there are variations among the test results, the discovered pattern generally holds for different types of pens and writing surfaces, except that the result from using felt tip pens or extremely hard surfaces are less satisfactory. These findings are expected to be able to assist in narrowing down who wrote a certain handwriting sample.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"152 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43771427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Children residing in orphanages are a disadvantaged section of the population. Inadequate care can impair the quality of life of orphan children. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life and dental caries status among institutionalized orphan children. Materials and Methods: Children without parents, aged 6–14 years, were selected from government-run orphanages. Children who were willing to participate were included. Data on oral health-related quality of life were collected by personal interviews by a single investigator. Following, intraoral examination of each child was carried out in an adequate natural light using a sterilized mouth mirror and probe. Dental caries was assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The Decayed, Missed and Filled teeth (DMFT) score of males was 0.41 ± 0.86 and females was 0.97 ± 1.44, and the difference was statistically significant. The mean of oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being was 26.49 ± 4.48, 37.75 ± 3.63, 33.31 ± 4.18, and 47.92 ± 3.37, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was low among these orphan children. The quality of life of these children was not affected by their dental caries status.
{"title":"Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life among institutionalized orphan children","authors":"KL Girish Babu, G. Kavyashree","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_65_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_65_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children residing in orphanages are a disadvantaged section of the population. Inadequate care can impair the quality of life of orphan children. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life and dental caries status among institutionalized orphan children. Materials and Methods: Children without parents, aged 6–14 years, were selected from government-run orphanages. Children who were willing to participate were included. Data on oral health-related quality of life were collected by personal interviews by a single investigator. Following, intraoral examination of each child was carried out in an adequate natural light using a sterilized mouth mirror and probe. Dental caries was assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The Decayed, Missed and Filled teeth (DMFT) score of males was 0.41 ± 0.86 and females was 0.97 ± 1.44, and the difference was statistically significant. The mean of oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being was 26.49 ± 4.48, 37.75 ± 3.63, 33.31 ± 4.18, and 47.92 ± 3.37, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was low among these orphan children. The quality of life of these children was not affected by their dental caries status.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"117 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44035694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (LC), ultra-violet, and others, are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology. Hyphenated analytical methods, wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods, with the help of a proper interface, are the available alternative options. The key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection, shorter analytical time, the possibility of automation, better reproducibility, and high precision and repeatability. This review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool, for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse, the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse, analysis of chemical warfare agents, determination of doping agents and related substances, natural toxins, environmental poisons, and examination of food produce adulteration. The incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and electrospray ionization in the LC- mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different disciplines. Hyphenated approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification, and offer high reproducibility, with unparalleled potential.
{"title":"Hyphenated techniques in liquid chromatography and their applications in forensic toxicology: A review","authors":"Sachil Kumar, M. Bogusz","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_65_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_65_21","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (LC), ultra-violet, and others, are ineffective in addressing the increasing number of problems in forensic toxicology. Hyphenated analytical methods, wherein the separation method are coupled or combined with spectral methods, with the help of a proper interface, are the available alternative options. The key benefits of these methods are the requisites of low limits for detection, shorter analytical time, the possibility of automation, better reproducibility, and high precision and repeatability. This review discusses on some of the hyphenated analytical methods that involve LC as the separation tool, for their most recent applications in the area of forensic toxicology focusing on the screening of drugs of abuse, the usage of alternative matrices for monitoring drug abuse, analysis of chemical warfare agents, determination of doping agents and related substances, natural toxins, environmental poisons, and examination of food produce adulteration. The incorporation of the more user-friendly LC-interfaces, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and electrospray ionization in the LC- mass spectrometry has increased the popularity of this technique tremendously among scientists of different disciplines. Hyphenated approaches have extremely low constraints regarding the identification and quantification, and offer high reproducibility, with unparalleled potential.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"123 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deceptive interrogation, undercover investigation, special information, and covert spying may be used as deceptive evidentiary acts. By Article 52 of the Criminal Procedure Law, these methods must undergo the examination of the admissibility of evidence in the trial stage. How interpretate obtaining evidence by deception such judicial postmortem review should include the necessity of investigation and the legality of investigation. The sources of information examined should not only be limited to the defendant's confession and prosecution files but also include the evidence of personal testimony, intelligence sources, and material evidence sources, especially the appropriate presentation of investigation files. In a case, the necessity, possibility, and possibility of distortion of the means of obtaining evidence determine whether the specific evidence has the legality of evidence. Documents must be able to truthfully reflect the implementation process of specific evidence in the case.
{"title":"Deceptive forensics and the “generalized” negation of the evidences","authors":"Qiu Yaping","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_9_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_9_19","url":null,"abstract":"Deceptive interrogation, undercover investigation, special information, and covert spying may be used as deceptive evidentiary acts. By Article 52 of the Criminal Procedure Law, these methods must undergo the examination of the admissibility of evidence in the trial stage. How interpretate obtaining evidence by deception such judicial postmortem review should include the necessity of investigation and the legality of investigation. The sources of information examined should not only be limited to the defendant's confession and prosecution files but also include the evidence of personal testimony, intelligence sources, and material evidence sources, especially the appropriate presentation of investigation files. In a case, the necessity, possibility, and possibility of distortion of the means of obtaining evidence determine whether the specific evidence has the legality of evidence. Documents must be able to truthfully reflect the implementation process of specific evidence in the case.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"96 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41526236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyuan An, H. He, Qing Niu, Haibiao Zhu, Yucong Wang, Ran Liu, Weiliang Hou, Peng Tang, Tiantong Yang, Dong Zhao
Background: The estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important topics in forensic medicine research. We speculate that with an increased PMI, the computed tomography (CT) values of different tissues may show regular changes. Purpose: To use postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) to measure the myocardial CT value (unit: Hounsfield Unit, HU) of the heart to explore its pattern in postmortem change, and to discuss whether it can serve as a new parameter for PMI estimation. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were selected and then put into a 20°C incubator after being sacrificed. Within 0–156 h after death, CT scans were performed every 12 h to detect changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart over time. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the myocardial CT value of the heart and PMI. At the same time, HE and Masson were used to stain the cardiac tissue sections detected by PMCT at 0h, 48h and 156h, respectively. Results: During 0–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −2873.193 + 143.866x − 1.728x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.466, P < 0.05). During 48–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value decreased gradually with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −93.038 + 18.700x − 0.321x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.963, P < 0.001). The results of the morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death showed that the myocardial cell structure was relatively complete at 0−48 hours after death; and the myocardial cell structure disappeared at 156 hours after death. Conclusions: Our results revealed evident postmortem changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart. Accordingly, measuring the myocardial CT value through PMCT shows promise for being used as a parameter for PMI estimation in forensic medicine and is worthy of further studies. The morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death provide morphological basis for postmortem changes of tissue density, and further prove the reasons for the changes of CT value.
{"title":"Estimation of postmortem interval by postmortem myocardial computed tomography value","authors":"Zhiyuan An, H. He, Qing Niu, Haibiao Zhu, Yucong Wang, Ran Liu, Weiliang Hou, Peng Tang, Tiantong Yang, Dong Zhao","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important topics in forensic medicine research. We speculate that with an increased PMI, the computed tomography (CT) values of different tissues may show regular changes. Purpose: To use postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) to measure the myocardial CT value (unit: Hounsfield Unit, HU) of the heart to explore its pattern in postmortem change, and to discuss whether it can serve as a new parameter for PMI estimation. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were selected and then put into a 20°C incubator after being sacrificed. Within 0–156 h after death, CT scans were performed every 12 h to detect changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart over time. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the myocardial CT value of the heart and PMI. At the same time, HE and Masson were used to stain the cardiac tissue sections detected by PMCT at 0h, 48h and 156h, respectively. Results: During 0–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −2873.193 + 143.866x − 1.728x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.466, P < 0.05). During 48–156 h, the overall myocardial CT value decreased gradually with the increase of PMI. The fitting regression equation was y = −93.038 + 18.700x − 0.321x2 (x: myocardial CT value, unit: Hu; y: PMI, unit: h, R2 = 0.963, P < 0.001). The results of the morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death showed that the myocardial cell structure was relatively complete at 0−48 hours after death; and the myocardial cell structure disappeared at 156 hours after death. Conclusions: Our results revealed evident postmortem changes in the myocardial CT value of the heart. Accordingly, measuring the myocardial CT value through PMCT shows promise for being used as a parameter for PMI estimation in forensic medicine and is worthy of further studies. The morphological changes of the myocardial tissue structure after death provide morphological basis for postmortem changes of tissue density, and further prove the reasons for the changes of CT value.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"82 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42815285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Supraja, A. Anuradha, V. Guduru, M. Kiresur, M. Pasupuleti, P. Vignatha
Background: Mass fatality incidents occur due to environmental, medical, vehicle, industrial, or terrorist events that can involve large numbers of victims. Identification of these victims is of utmost importance in these situations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be helpful in some forensic contexts, offering several advantages for postmortem forensic imaging. Aim: The research study aims to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance to estimate sex by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: In 40 CBCT scans of 20 males and 20 females, maxillary sinuses height, width and inter coronoid distances of mandible were measured for forensic analysis. In high quality, reconstructed images of bilateral maxillary sinuses, height, and width were measured, and in mandible, inter coronoid was measured in axial view. Results were tabulated and analyzed using an unpaired t-test and discriminant function analysis used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. Results: Mean values of inter coronoid in males and females are (♂ =88.1, ♀ =78.1). The maxillary sinus right side height and width (♂ =32.2, ♀ =24.6) (♂ =19.7, ♀ =19.6) left side height and width (♂ =32.7, ♀ =23.6) (♂ =18.1, ♀ =17.8), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was found in maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance between males and females. Results showed significantly larger dimensions of maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance in males compared to females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 100% in females and 90% in males with overall accuracy of 95%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of maxillary sinus dimensions and inter coronoid distance in sex estimation using cone-beam computed tomography in forensic medicine.
{"title":"Importance of sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and mandibular inter coronoid distance of Vijayawada City population in Andhra Pradesh: An original research","authors":"S. Supraja, A. Anuradha, V. Guduru, M. Kiresur, M. Pasupuleti, P. Vignatha","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mass fatality incidents occur due to environmental, medical, vehicle, industrial, or terrorist events that can involve large numbers of victims. Identification of these victims is of utmost importance in these situations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be helpful in some forensic contexts, offering several advantages for postmortem forensic imaging. Aim: The research study aims to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance to estimate sex by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: In 40 CBCT scans of 20 males and 20 females, maxillary sinuses height, width and inter coronoid distances of mandible were measured for forensic analysis. In high quality, reconstructed images of bilateral maxillary sinuses, height, and width were measured, and in mandible, inter coronoid was measured in axial view. Results were tabulated and analyzed using an unpaired t-test and discriminant function analysis used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. Results: Mean values of inter coronoid in males and females are (♂ =88.1, ♀ =78.1). The maxillary sinus right side height and width (♂ =32.2, ♀ =24.6) (♂ =19.7, ♀ =19.6) left side height and width (♂ =32.7, ♀ =23.6) (♂ =18.1, ♀ =17.8), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was found in maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance between males and females. Results showed significantly larger dimensions of maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance in males compared to females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 100% in females and 90% in males with overall accuracy of 95%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of maxillary sinus dimensions and inter coronoid distance in sex estimation using cone-beam computed tomography in forensic medicine.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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