Samuel Dwomoh, A. Appiah, Nancy Kusi Appiah, C. Abaidoo
Background: Footprints recovered from crime scenes can assist in establishing the identity (stature, body weight, and sex) of a person. Due to variations (genetic and environmental factors) in the morphology of the foot, several authors have derived populationspecific regression equations for stature and weight estimations. Aims and Objectives: Tribal differences in the footprint dimensions of Ghanaians have not been established. Hence, this study was done to determine if they were tribal differences in footprint dimensions. Materials and Methods: The footprints of Ghanaian females, aged 19–35 years, and belonging to two tribal groups (72 Asante and 73 Fante) were recovered using an ink pad method. Height, body weight, and footprint measurements were obtained following standard procedures. Results: Although Fante females had longer foot lengths and shorter foot breadths than Asante females, the difference was significant (P < 0.001) only in the left big toe-pad length (eta squared = 0.496). Height correlated better with footprint dimensions of Fante (r = 0.246 – 0.809) than Asante (r = 0.214 – 0.660) females. Body weight correlated weakly with footprint dimensions. Unlike in Asante females, foot length measurements did not correlate significantly with body weight among Fante females. Conclusion: The use of mixed population in deriving stature, weight and sex equations is cautioned especially when there is increased genetic diversity. The findings of this study have important applications in forensic anthropometric investigations.
{"title":"Stature and body weight estimations from footprint dimensions among asante and fante females in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Dwomoh, A. Appiah, Nancy Kusi Appiah, C. Abaidoo","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_97_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_97_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Footprints recovered from crime scenes can assist in establishing the identity (stature, body weight, and sex) of a person. Due to variations (genetic and environmental factors) in the morphology of the foot, several authors have derived populationspecific regression equations for stature and weight estimations. Aims and Objectives: Tribal differences in the footprint dimensions of Ghanaians have not been established. Hence, this study was done to determine if they were tribal differences in footprint dimensions. Materials and Methods: The footprints of Ghanaian females, aged 19–35 years, and belonging to two tribal groups (72 Asante and 73 Fante) were recovered using an ink pad method. Height, body weight, and footprint measurements were obtained following standard procedures. Results: Although Fante females had longer foot lengths and shorter foot breadths than Asante females, the difference was significant (P < 0.001) only in the left big toe-pad length (eta squared = 0.496). Height correlated better with footprint dimensions of Fante (r = 0.246 – 0.809) than Asante (r = 0.214 – 0.660) females. Body weight correlated weakly with footprint dimensions. Unlike in Asante females, foot length measurements did not correlate significantly with body weight among Fante females. Conclusion: The use of mixed population in deriving stature, weight and sex equations is cautioned especially when there is increased genetic diversity. The findings of this study have important applications in forensic anthropometric investigations.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49218664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muzyka, Olena Yuriyivna Cherniak, N. Lytvyn, O. V. Artemenko, Dmitry Anatoliiovych Shevchenko, H. Poperechna
The demand for cosmetology services has been recently growing in Ukraine, but there is no proper legal regulation for their provision. The aim of the article is to analyze the current status and specific features of legal regulation for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine, as well as to suggest the improvements to Ukrainian legislation in this area. The main objective is to distinguish the problems and to develop suggestions to improve regulatory legal acts regulating the provision of cosmetic services in Ukraine. Materials to identify the specific features of the current state of legal regulation in regard to the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine were the legislation and case law of Ukraine, the works of Ukrainian scholars, analytical materials and Internet resources. The methodological basis of the research is general and special methods of scientific cognition, the use of which is due to specific features of the legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services. It has been stated that there is currently no normatively established procedure and specific features for the implementation of activities for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukrainian laws; there are also no standards for their provision, treatment of complications and training of qualified personnel. The author has formulated proposals to improve the legislation regulating the provision of cosmetology services and cosmetic care to the Ukrainian population. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine was offered to develop and approve a regulatory legal act governing the procedure for the provision of cosmetology services and the list of services that can be provided exclusively by health professionals.
{"title":"Cosmetology Services in Ukraine: Problems of Legal Regulation","authors":"A. Muzyka, Olena Yuriyivna Cherniak, N. Lytvyn, O. V. Artemenko, Dmitry Anatoliiovych Shevchenko, H. Poperechna","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_62_22","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for cosmetology services has been recently growing in Ukraine, but there is no proper legal regulation for their provision. The aim of the article is to analyze the current status and specific features of legal regulation for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine, as well as to suggest the improvements to Ukrainian legislation in this area. The main objective is to distinguish the problems and to develop suggestions to improve regulatory legal acts regulating the provision of cosmetic services in Ukraine. Materials to identify the specific features of the current state of legal regulation in regard to the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine were the legislation and case law of Ukraine, the works of Ukrainian scholars, analytical materials and Internet resources. The methodological basis of the research is general and special methods of scientific cognition, the use of which is due to specific features of the legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services. It has been stated that there is currently no normatively established procedure and specific features for the implementation of activities for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukrainian laws; there are also no standards for their provision, treatment of complications and training of qualified personnel. The author has formulated proposals to improve the legislation regulating the provision of cosmetology services and cosmetic care to the Ukrainian population. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine was offered to develop and approve a regulatory legal act governing the procedure for the provision of cosmetology services and the list of services that can be provided exclusively by health professionals.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70793682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizophrenia is a chronic, prolonged illness with a significant tendency to relapse and a high disease burden. Patients are often affected by psychotic symptoms and commit violent assaults that manifest as criminal acts. At the same time, such patients generally have poor medication adherence, which also makes them more likely to commit crimes. In our case, a single mother with a history of psychiatric illness strangled her 4-year-old biological son to death with a rope, put the body in a bathtub and divided it, ate some of the victim’s organs; the results of her forensic mental health identification indicated she was in a period of illness at the time of the offense and did not have the competence for criminal responsibility. Medication adherence is an important factor affecting relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Although new medications have been introduced and researchers have been improving medication adherence through many ways such as patient education and family therapy since the 1980s, the level of medication adherence is still poor, with a nonadherence rate of about 50%. This report suggests that in practice, attention should be given to improving patients’ medication adherence, guardians of patients and their communities should strengthen their monitoring and care, including knowing the patients’ medication adherence and monitoring them to take their medication as prescribed, together with systematic psychotherapy for patients to prevent them from relapsing and committing violent attacks. Besides, when assessing the patient’s risk of violence, the realistic factors in crime motives and the impact of guardians (family) should be taken into account to evaluate the risk of violence objectively and comprehensively. A final point is that social support for patients with mental disorders and their families should be improved.
{"title":"Governance of Violence Risk in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders: From a Case of a Schizophrenic’s Filicide","authors":"Daming Sun, Jun-Nan Huang","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_86_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_86_22","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a chronic, prolonged illness with a significant tendency to relapse and a high disease burden. Patients are often affected by psychotic symptoms and commit violent assaults that manifest as criminal acts. At the same time, such patients generally have poor medication adherence, which also makes them more likely to commit crimes. In our case, a single mother with a history of psychiatric illness strangled her 4-year-old biological son to death with a rope, put the body in a bathtub and divided it, ate some of the victim’s organs; the results of her forensic mental health identification indicated she was in a period of illness at the time of the offense and did not have the competence for criminal responsibility. Medication adherence is an important factor affecting relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Although new medications have been introduced and researchers have been improving medication adherence through many ways such as patient education and family therapy since the 1980s, the level of medication adherence is still poor, with a nonadherence rate of about 50%. This report suggests that in practice, attention should be given to improving patients’ medication adherence, guardians of patients and their communities should strengthen their monitoring and care, including knowing the patients’ medication adherence and monitoring them to take their medication as prescribed, together with systematic psychotherapy for patients to prevent them from relapsing and committing violent attacks. Besides, when assessing the patient’s risk of violence, the realistic factors in crime motives and the impact of guardians (family) should be taken into account to evaluate the risk of violence objectively and comprehensively. A final point is that social support for patients with mental disorders and their families should be improved.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70793979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Injecting drug use is a public health concern due to its clinical, social, economic, and legal consequences. Objective: (1) To evaluate the prevalence of infections associated with injecting drug use; and (2) To assess the social profile of substance users and high-risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) receiving opioid substitution therapy (OST). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 PWID who were deemed eligible using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire after obtaining informed written consent. Results: The results revealed that 14% of PWID had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 7% had tuberculosis, and 2% had hepatitis B virus (HBV). None of the PWID self-reported hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Importantly, 71% of PWID were living on the streets (i.e. homeless), and 41% of PWID had a history of sharing needles with other users in the preceding 3 months. Unmarried or single PWID had significantly increased risk of homelessness (χ2 = 4.570; P = 0.032) and reported high-risk sexual practices with commercial sexual partners in the preceding 3 months (χ2 = 4.163; P = 0.041). Homeless PWID had significantly increased frequency of injecting practices (P = 0.020). Conclusion: Despite the higher global prevalence of HCV compared with HBV and HIV among PWID, HCV testing is not currently conducted at most OST centers in India. Access to free needles and syringes should be enhanced to reduce the morbidity associated with injecting drug use.
{"title":"Clinicosocial profile of people who inject drugs receiving opioid substitution therapy at New Delhi","authors":"A. Naveen, S. Naik, Dinesh Kataria, A. Murari","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_55_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_55_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Injecting drug use is a public health concern due to its clinical, social, economic, and legal consequences. Objective: (1) To evaluate the prevalence of infections associated with injecting drug use; and (2) To assess the social profile of substance users and high-risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) receiving opioid substitution therapy (OST). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 PWID who were deemed eligible using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire after obtaining informed written consent. Results: The results revealed that 14% of PWID had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 7% had tuberculosis, and 2% had hepatitis B virus (HBV). None of the PWID self-reported hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Importantly, 71% of PWID were living on the streets (i.e. homeless), and 41% of PWID had a history of sharing needles with other users in the preceding 3 months. Unmarried or single PWID had significantly increased risk of homelessness (χ2 = 4.570; P = 0.032) and reported high-risk sexual practices with commercial sexual partners in the preceding 3 months (χ2 = 4.163; P = 0.041). Homeless PWID had significantly increased frequency of injecting practices (P = 0.020). Conclusion: Despite the higher global prevalence of HCV compared with HBV and HIV among PWID, HCV testing is not currently conducted at most OST centers in India. Access to free needles and syringes should be enhanced to reduce the morbidity associated with injecting drug use.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Chiegwu, O. Bassey, C. Ohagwu, T. Adejoh, D. Odunko
Cephalic index (CI) is the percentage of biparietal diameter to the occipitofrontal diameter of the skull and can be used in forensic investigations in cases of disputed identity where only fragments of the head/skull are available. The sella turcica houses the pituitary gland whose hormones regulate the functions of many other glands and systems of the body. Abnormal sizes of sella turcica could indicate sella/pituitary pathology with health implications. This study aimed to assess CI, head shapes and sella turcica dimensions and morphology of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria. The objectives are: to relate CI and head shapes with sella turcica dimensions and morphology, to use CI and head shape to identify and distinguish the Yoruba tribe from other tribes, to use CI and head shape to distinguish between genders. Skull/head and sella turcica dimensions were measured on 321 retrospectively enlisted normal cranial Computed Tomography (CT) images of Yoruba subjects, mean age 55 (SD ± 17) years, in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2021, and then CI calculated. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 27(IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA, 2019). Predominant head shape of the studied group was dolichocephalic. Mean CI was 70.0 ± 3.7 and showed no statistically significant difference between gender (P = 0.097). Mean sella length, depth; and anteroposterior diameter was 1.22 ± 0.24 cm, 0.80 ± 0.15 cm, 1.34 ± 0.25 cm respectively. Mean sella length and depth showed significant difference between gender (P = 0.0001; P = 0.032) respectively. Head shape has no association with sella dimensions and morphology. Head shape and CI may stratify populations in forensic practice and surgical planning.
{"title":"Computed Tomography Assessment of Cephalic Index and Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Nigerian Population","authors":"H. Chiegwu, O. Bassey, C. Ohagwu, T. Adejoh, D. Odunko","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"Cephalic index (CI) is the percentage of biparietal diameter to the occipitofrontal diameter of the skull and can be used in forensic investigations in cases of disputed identity where only fragments of the head/skull are available. The sella turcica houses the pituitary gland whose hormones regulate the functions of many other glands and systems of the body. Abnormal sizes of sella turcica could indicate sella/pituitary pathology with health implications. This study aimed to assess CI, head shapes and sella turcica dimensions and morphology of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria. The objectives are: to relate CI and head shapes with sella turcica dimensions and morphology, to use CI and head shape to identify and distinguish the Yoruba tribe from other tribes, to use CI and head shape to distinguish between genders. Skull/head and sella turcica dimensions were measured on 321 retrospectively enlisted normal cranial Computed Tomography (CT) images of Yoruba subjects, mean age 55 (SD ± 17) years, in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2021, and then CI calculated. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 27(IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA, 2019). Predominant head shape of the studied group was dolichocephalic. Mean CI was 70.0 ± 3.7 and showed no statistically significant difference between gender (P = 0.097). Mean sella length, depth; and anteroposterior diameter was 1.22 ± 0.24 cm, 0.80 ± 0.15 cm, 1.34 ± 0.25 cm respectively. Mean sella length and depth showed significant difference between gender (P = 0.0001; P = 0.032) respectively. Head shape has no association with sella dimensions and morphology. Head shape and CI may stratify populations in forensic practice and surgical planning.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70793839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sai Geethika, N.Purnachandra Rao Naik, A. Ravi Kiran, Y. Samatha, B. Naveen Kumar, P. Shruthi, Sethu Manjusha Saranu, K. Pavani, Sanjana Marpuri
Abstract Background To evaluate morphologic, radiographic, and stereomicroscopic changes of teeth when subjected to specific high temperatures in both direct heat and gradual heat and to compare the changes among two heat groups and also among different types of teeth. Materials and Methods An in vitro study was conducted on 90 healthy extracted human teeth, in which the teeth were divided into two groups. Group 1 (45) was subjected to direct heat and Group 2 (45) was subjected to gradual heat. Group 1 and Group 2 were further subdivided into three subgroups (A) anteriors, (B) premolars, and (C) molars each consisting of 15 teeth. Teeth were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C in a muffle electric furnace. The color changes were noted using the Revised Munsell soil color chart and the radiographic and stereomicroscopic changes were evaluated. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Teeth in direct heat showed more destructive changes at lower temperatures, i.e., 400°C and 600°C when compared to gradual heat where changes are observed at 600°C and 800°C. Among different types of teeth, anteriors and premolars showed more changes when compared to molars. Interpretation and Conclusion It can be concluded that dental evidence may provide clues to solve the mystery in fire investigations as dental structures are the last to be destroyed under extreme conditions, whether temperature, acid, or putrefaction.
{"title":"Morphologic, Radiographic, and Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Teeth Subjected to High Temperatures: An In vitro Forensic Study","authors":"M. Sai Geethika, N.Purnachandra Rao Naik, A. Ravi Kiran, Y. Samatha, B. Naveen Kumar, P. Shruthi, Sethu Manjusha Saranu, K. Pavani, Sanjana Marpuri","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background To evaluate morphologic, radiographic, and stereomicroscopic changes of teeth when subjected to specific high temperatures in both direct heat and gradual heat and to compare the changes among two heat groups and also among different types of teeth. Materials and Methods An in vitro study was conducted on 90 healthy extracted human teeth, in which the teeth were divided into two groups. Group 1 (45) was subjected to direct heat and Group 2 (45) was subjected to gradual heat. Group 1 and Group 2 were further subdivided into three subgroups (A) anteriors, (B) premolars, and (C) molars each consisting of 15 teeth. Teeth were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C in a muffle electric furnace. The color changes were noted using the Revised Munsell soil color chart and the radiographic and stereomicroscopic changes were evaluated. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Teeth in direct heat showed more destructive changes at lower temperatures, i.e., 400°C and 600°C when compared to gradual heat where changes are observed at 600°C and 800°C. Among different types of teeth, anteriors and premolars showed more changes when compared to molars. Interpretation and Conclusion It can be concluded that dental evidence may provide clues to solve the mystery in fire investigations as dental structures are the last to be destroyed under extreme conditions, whether temperature, acid, or putrefaction.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Orlova, T. Alforova, T. Lezhnieva, S. Chernopiatov, O. Kyrychenko
Purpose: The relevance of the study is that today, there is no unanimous position on the right to euthanasia implementation. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in making its decision, relies on the national legislation of the respective state, as there is no single decision on the right to euthanasia in the European space. Therefore, the aim of the article is to comprehensively study the phenomenon of euthanasia, elaborate the decisions of the ECtHR on euthanasia and related rights, and develop recommendations on the possibility of legalizing euthanasia in Ukraine and prospects for the right to die implementation. Methodology: The leading method of research of this issue is comparative and law, which allows to comprehensively consider the right to euthanasia and its positive and negative components and helps to establish trends in the implementation of the outlined phenomenon. Findings: The article analyzes the current state of international and domestic legislation of some states on the use of euthanasia, reveals the meaning of the term “euthanasia,” provides a classification of euthanasia, analyzes the decisions of the ECtHR, and presents examples of national legislation of states within which euthanasia is legalized, the peculiarities of euthanasia recognition in the world are analyzed, as well as the research on the possibility of euthanasia legalization in Ukraine is presented. Value: The materials of the article have practical value for all those interested in euthanasia and the realization of the right to die, as well as for practicing lawyers and judicial authorities.
{"title":"Euthanasia: National and international experience (based on the European Court of Human Rights practice materials)","authors":"O. Orlova, T. Alforova, T. Lezhnieva, S. Chernopiatov, O. Kyrychenko","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_99_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_99_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The relevance of the study is that today, there is no unanimous position on the right to euthanasia implementation. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in making its decision, relies on the national legislation of the respective state, as there is no single decision on the right to euthanasia in the European space. Therefore, the aim of the article is to comprehensively study the phenomenon of euthanasia, elaborate the decisions of the ECtHR on euthanasia and related rights, and develop recommendations on the possibility of legalizing euthanasia in Ukraine and prospects for the right to die implementation. Methodology: The leading method of research of this issue is comparative and law, which allows to comprehensively consider the right to euthanasia and its positive and negative components and helps to establish trends in the implementation of the outlined phenomenon. Findings: The article analyzes the current state of international and domestic legislation of some states on the use of euthanasia, reveals the meaning of the term “euthanasia,” provides a classification of euthanasia, analyzes the decisions of the ECtHR, and presents examples of national legislation of states within which euthanasia is legalized, the peculiarities of euthanasia recognition in the world are analyzed, as well as the research on the possibility of euthanasia legalization in Ukraine is presented. Value: The materials of the article have practical value for all those interested in euthanasia and the realization of the right to die, as well as for practicing lawyers and judicial authorities.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"33 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denny E. Ceena, Mohana Bhoraskar, S. Natarajan, Almas Binnal, T. Bastian
Background: Various methods are used in forensic odontology for the purpose of sex and personal identification. Some of them include cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, mandibular measurements, and study of paranasal sinuses. In our study, we have used maxillary sinus as an aid in sex identification. For this purpose, we have evaluated the morphometric and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus using a 3-Dimensional imaging modality, Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Aims and Objectives: Sex and age identification are important in the process of identification of both the living and the dead. Hence, this transverse retrospective study was done to appraise the precision of the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus to aid in sex and age identification. Material and Methods: Eighty full Field of View (FOV) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were retrieved from the archives which were matched with age and sex. The maxillary sinuses on either side were measured mediolaterally in the axial section and supero-inferiorly in the coronal section. The volumetric analysis of the sinus was done in the sagittal section. The sex was classified using discriminant function analysis and the differences were compared using independent t-test. The differences with age were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Independent t-test was done for comparison of the sinuses between both sexes. Maxillary sinuses measurements were larger among the males both superior-inferiorly on either side (P <0.001) and mediolaterally on the right (P <0.049) showed statistically significant values. A significant correlation existed while comparing the maxillary sinus volume among both the sexes on either side (P <0.001 and <0.002 in the case of right and left respectively). On comparing the supero-inferior and mediolateral measurements and the maxillary sinus volume on either side among the various age groups, the values were statistically insignificant. Present study shows that the maxillary sinus measurements using Cone-beam computed tomography were diagnostic in the identification of sex but not in age estimation and can be used in forensic dentistry.
{"title":"Morphometric and volumetric evaluation of maxillary sinus as an aid in sex identification in forensic odontology – A cone-beam computed tomography study","authors":"Denny E. Ceena, Mohana Bhoraskar, S. Natarajan, Almas Binnal, T. Bastian","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_78_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_78_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Various methods are used in forensic odontology for the purpose of sex and personal identification. Some of them include cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, mandibular measurements, and study of paranasal sinuses. In our study, we have used maxillary sinus as an aid in sex identification. For this purpose, we have evaluated the morphometric and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus using a 3-Dimensional imaging modality, Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Aims and Objectives: Sex and age identification are important in the process of identification of both the living and the dead. Hence, this transverse retrospective study was done to appraise the precision of the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus to aid in sex and age identification. Material and Methods: Eighty full Field of View (FOV) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were retrieved from the archives which were matched with age and sex. The maxillary sinuses on either side were measured mediolaterally in the axial section and supero-inferiorly in the coronal section. The volumetric analysis of the sinus was done in the sagittal section. The sex was classified using discriminant function analysis and the differences were compared using independent t-test. The differences with age were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Independent t-test was done for comparison of the sinuses between both sexes. Maxillary sinuses measurements were larger among the males both superior-inferiorly on either side (P <0.001) and mediolaterally on the right (P <0.049) showed statistically significant values. A significant correlation existed while comparing the maxillary sinus volume among both the sexes on either side (P <0.001 and <0.002 in the case of right and left respectively). On comparing the supero-inferior and mediolateral measurements and the maxillary sinus volume on either side among the various age groups, the values were statistically insignificant. Present study shows that the maxillary sinus measurements using Cone-beam computed tomography were diagnostic in the identification of sex but not in age estimation and can be used in forensic dentistry.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"12 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43385688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution reports on a case involving the death of a female with a history of depression in treatment found dead in her house, with her neck compressed by a hydraulic lift elevator used for domestic purposes. The manner of death was determined as suicide based on an on-scene investigation and witness testimony along with a comprehensive postmortem examination. This case is reported on the grounds of its rarity and it highlights the potential danger of using advanced domestic equipment in the elder people’s residencies, especially those having a mental state of self-destruction.
{"title":"Atypical Compression of the Neck by Domestic Hydraulic Platform Lift Classified as Suicidal Asphyxia","authors":"Kleio Fragkouli, T. Vougiouklakis, V. Boumba","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution reports on a case involving the death of a female with a history of depression in treatment found dead in her house, with her neck compressed by a hydraulic lift elevator used for domestic purposes. The manner of death was determined as suicide based on an on-scene investigation and witness testimony along with a comprehensive postmortem examination. This case is reported on the grounds of its rarity and it highlights the potential danger of using advanced domestic equipment in the elder people’s residencies, especially those having a mental state of self-destruction.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70793559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction Expert opinions presented in legal proceedings should be scientifically accountable, which is known as evidence-based practice (EBP). Although forensic medical expert opinions are essential in legal proceedings, the methods used to formulate them are not always evidence based or based on standard methods. In forensic medicine, EBP has not been explicitly applied, including in Indonesia. One potential approach to formulate evidence-based expert opinions is called INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements (INFERENCE). In addition, there is also no universal guideline for making forensic pathological reports. One prospective guideline is named the Principles of Evidence-based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version (PERFORM-P). Methods This article describes the validation process of INFERENCE and PERFORM-P in Indonesia. This study uses a mixed method through three interrelated phases, i.e., (1) a cross-sectional survey to determine the characteristics of Indonesian forensic doctors and their current practice, (2) the adaptation and validation process of the two tools through a review by the Indonesian College of Forensic Medicine, and (3) a one-group pre–postintervention study to assess the validity and reliability of forensic medical expert opinions formulated using Indonesian-INFERENCE (i-INFERENCE) and reported using Indonesian-PERFORM-P (i-PERFORM-P). Results and Discussion In general, both tools received a positive reception and can potentially be used in the Indonesian setting with some additions/clarifications in the user manuals. Participants envision that both tools will be most useful in complex cases. Conclusions By obtaining the i-INFERENCE and the i-PERFORM-P, it is hoped that Indonesian forensic medical doctors are better equipped in analyzing and reporting complex cases, and the implementation of EBP can be improved.
在法律诉讼中提出的专家意见应具有科学的可问责性，这被称为循证实践(EBP)。虽然法医专家意见在法律诉讼中是必不可少的，但用来提出这些意见的方法并不总是基于证据或基于标准方法。在法医学中，EBP尚未明确应用，包括在印度尼西亚。一种可能形成循证专家意见的方法被称为法医流行病学和因果因素(推理)的严格评估的整合。此外，法医病理报告也没有统一的准则。一项前瞻性指南被命名为《法医学病理学版循证报告原则》(PERFORM-P)。方法介绍了INFERENCE和performance - p在印度尼西亚的验证过程。本研究采用混合方法，通过三个相互关联的阶段，即:(1)横断面调查，以确定印度尼西亚法医的特点和他们目前的做法;(2)通过印度尼西亚法医学院的审查，两种工具的适应和验证过程;(3)一项单组干预前和干预后研究，评估采用印度尼西亚推理(i-INFERENCE)形成的法医专家意见的效度和可靠性，并使用印度尼西亚- perform - p (i-PERFORM-P)报告。结果和讨论总的来说，这两种工具都得到了积极的接受，并且可以在印度尼西亚环境中使用，在用户手册中进行一些补充/澄清。与会者设想，这两种工具在复杂情况下将是最有用的。结论通过i-INFERENCE和i-PERFORM-P，希望印尼法医能够更好地分析和报告复杂案件，提高EBP的实施水平。
{"title":"Improving Evidence-Based Practice in Forensic Medicine: Validation of INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements and Principles of Evidence-Based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version in Indonesia","authors":"Putri Dianita Ika Meilia, None Herkutanto, Agus Purwadianto, Budi Sampurna, Murdani Abdullah, Diantha Soemantri, Aria Kekalih","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_47_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_47_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Expert opinions presented in legal proceedings should be scientifically accountable, which is known as evidence-based practice (EBP). Although forensic medical expert opinions are essential in legal proceedings, the methods used to formulate them are not always evidence based or based on standard methods. In forensic medicine, EBP has not been explicitly applied, including in Indonesia. One potential approach to formulate evidence-based expert opinions is called INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements (INFERENCE). In addition, there is also no universal guideline for making forensic pathological reports. One prospective guideline is named the Principles of Evidence-based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version (PERFORM-P). Methods This article describes the validation process of INFERENCE and PERFORM-P in Indonesia. This study uses a mixed method through three interrelated phases, i.e., (1) a cross-sectional survey to determine the characteristics of Indonesian forensic doctors and their current practice, (2) the adaptation and validation process of the two tools through a review by the Indonesian College of Forensic Medicine, and (3) a one-group pre–postintervention study to assess the validity and reliability of forensic medical expert opinions formulated using Indonesian-INFERENCE (i-INFERENCE) and reported using Indonesian-PERFORM-P (i-PERFORM-P). Results and Discussion In general, both tools received a positive reception and can potentially be used in the Indonesian setting with some additions/clarifications in the user manuals. Participants envision that both tools will be most useful in complex cases. Conclusions By obtaining the i-INFERENCE and the i-PERFORM-P, it is hoped that Indonesian forensic medical doctors are better equipped in analyzing and reporting complex cases, and the implementation of EBP can be improved.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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