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Amendements on Salinity and Water Retention of Sand Base Rootzone and Turfgrass Yield 砂基根区含盐量、保水性与草坪草产量的变化
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.28132
Rahayu Rahayu, Y. Mo, C. J. Soo
This research was column pot experiment with turfgrass was Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plant irrigated saline irrigation and the column soaked in saline water. Rootzone profile consisted of 20 cm using saline lake dredged up sand. The sand amendments of the root zone were soil, zeolite, bottom ash, and peat. The mixtures of topsoil were; 90% sand + 10% peat moss, 80% sand + 10% soil + 10 % bottom ash, 80% sand + 20% soil, 90% sand + 5% peat + 5% zeolite, and 80% sand + 20% bottom ash. Interruption layer with coarse sand with diameters over 2 mm of 20 cm and 10 cm loamy soil as the bottom layer of the column. The result showed that Kentucky bluegrass could grow in sand based growing media amended by peat, sandy loam soils, bottom ash and zeolite being irrigated by 2 dS m-1 saline water. Sand-based growing media amended by peat resulted in the highest clipping weigh but showed the highest salt accumulations. Sand amended by bottom ash and applied gypsum decreased clipping weigh, decreased SAR and increased calcium (Ca) when compared to the soil + peat (SP).  Sand amended by zeolite and gypsum decreased clipping weight, decreased sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and higher Ca. Higher soil moisture retention of growing media promoted the growth of Kentucky bluegrass in spring, and lower moisture content promoted the growth in summer and fall season.
本研究采用草皮柱盆栽试验,将肯塔基蓝草(Poa pratensis)植株进行生理盐水灌溉,将草皮柱浸泡在生理盐水中。根区剖面为20 cm,采用盐湖挖沙。根区含砂改良剂为土壤、沸石、底灰和泥炭。表土混合料为;90%砂+ 10%泥炭苔,80%砂+ 10%土+ 10%底灰,80%砂+ 20%土,90%砂+ 5%泥炭+ 5%沸石,80%砂+ 20%底灰。中断层以直径大于2mm的粗砂20 cm和10 cm的壤土为柱底层。结果表明,肯塔基蓝草可以在以泥炭、砂壤土、底灰和沸石改性的砂基生长介质中生长,灌溉2 dS m-1盐水。泥炭改性砂基培养基的剪枝重最高,但含盐量最高。与土壤+泥炭(SP)相比,底灰和石膏改性砂降低了剪重,降低了SAR,增加了钙(Ca)。沸石和石膏改性砂降低了刈割重量,降低了钠吸附比(SAR),提高了Ca。生长介质较高的土壤保水率促进了春季蓝草的生长,而较低的土壤保水率促进了夏季和秋季蓝草的生长。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of Bottom Ash and Cow Manure Compost on Chemical Properties of Soil at New-Established Rice Field 底灰与牛粪堆肥对新建稻田土壤化学性质的影响
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.22366
Nurmegawati Nurmegawati, I. Iskandar, S. Sudarsono
The conversion of dryland to rice field at Sumatra Island, Indonesia was generally developed on marginal lands with Ultisols and Oxisols soil types. Those soil types contained high iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al), but low phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). That is because the changes in the process resulted from submerging the soil. For example, the decrease of redox potential, ion reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+, and Mn4+ into Mn2+.  Those compounds will be dissolved and can be absorbed by plants thus causing toxicity. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of bottom ash and cow manure compost at the various doses on soil chemical properties and rice yield on the new-established rice field. This research used factorial design with two factors in Completely Randomized Design. The factors were a dose of bottom ash and cow manure compost, with three replications. The results showed. The addition of bottom ash and cow manure compost at the dosage in this study was not able to reduce the levels of FeDTPA and MnDTPA at newly established rice fields.  However, the application of cow manure compost significantly increased soil pH,  exchangeable cation (K, Na, Ca), base saturation and decreased exchangeable-H. The addition of bottom ash does not affect paddy yield, while cow manure compost up to 10 tons ha-1 increased panicle and straw dry weight.
印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的旱地改水田一般是在极壤和氧化壤土壤类型的边缘土地上进行的。这些土壤类型含有高铁(Fe)和高铝(Al),但低磷(P)和低钾(K),这是因为土壤被淹没导致了过程的变化。氧化还原电位降低,离子从Fe3+还原为Fe2+, Mn4+还原为Mn2+。这些化合物会溶解并被植物吸收,从而引起毒性。本研究的目的是评价不同剂量底灰和牛粪堆肥对新建稻田土壤化学性质和水稻产量的影响。本研究采用完全随机设计的两因素析因设计。这些因素分别是底灰和牛粪堆肥的剂量,有三个重复。结果表明。在本研究用量下,添加底灰和牛粪堆肥不能降低新建稻田中FeDTPA和MnDTPA的水平。施用牛粪堆肥显著提高了土壤pH、交换性阳离子(K、Na、Ca)、碱饱和度,降低了交换性h。添加底灰对水稻产量无影响,而添加10吨/公顷的牛粪堆肥可增加穗部和秸秆干重。
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引用次数: 2
Physiology and Biochemistry of Fe Excess in Acidic Asian Soils on Crop Plants 亚洲酸性土壤对作物铁过量的生理生化研究
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.30456
S. Dey, Saradia Kar, Preetom Regon, S. Panda
Proper transport of iron is very crucial for plant growth and development as it participates in various complex processes in plants like absorption, translocation etc. It also acts as an important component for processes like photosynthesis and respiratory electron transport chain in mitochondria, chloroplast development, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Asian soils suffer from iron toxic condition and that adversely affects the growth and yield of the plant. This review describes the importance of iron in plant growth and different strategies adopted by plants for iron uptake. It also focuses on different methods and approaches on how plant can cope against acidic soils.
铁的正常运输对植物的生长发育至关重要,因为它参与了植物吸收、转运等多种复杂的过程。在线粒体、叶绿体发育和叶绿素生物合成等过程中,它也是光合作用和呼吸电子传递链的重要组成部分。亚洲土壤受铁中毒的影响,对植物的生长和产量产生不利影响。本文综述了铁在植物生长中的重要性以及植物吸收铁的不同策略。它还侧重于植物如何应对酸性土壤的不同方法和途径。
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引用次数: 4
Effects of Boron Fertilization on Sunflower Grown on Low Boron Sandy Soil 硼肥对低硼沙地向日葵生长的影响
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.26114
Khalid Dhassi, S. Drissi, K. Makroum, Fatimzahra Nasreddine, Fouad Amlal, Abdelhadi Aït Houssa
Agronomists evaluate soil boron fertility with the threshold of around 0.5 mg kg-1(hot water extraction). The nonappearance of boron deficiency on sunflower, when grown on low boron sandy soil, was investigated to test the validity of this boron guideline fertility. The soil boron content was around 0.19mg kg-1. Pot experiments were conducted during 2015 season and repeated during 2016 season. Six boron levels were applied to soil: (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10mg kg-1) in 2015 and (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20mg kg-1) in 2016. Boron was applied as Solubor-C (Na2B8O13.4H2O, 21% of boron). The results revealed that soil boron application did not enhance kernels weight and kernels oil and protein contents. However, boronsupplyhigher than or equal to 1mg kg-1 resulted in visible leaf damage. Also, a significant decrease in kernels weight was recorded at high boron levels (15 and 20 mg kg-1). The kernels boron content did not increase with a successive increase in dose of boron supply. It was sufficient, around 16mg kg-1, for all boron tested amounts. Also, plant content on other nutrients was not affected by boron application. The soil residual boron enrichment was around 0.3 mg kg-1 for each boron application of 2 mg kg-1.
农学家评估土壤硼肥力的阈值约为0.5 mg kg-1(热水提取)。研究了低硼砂质土壤上向日葵不缺硼现象,验证了该硼指导肥力的有效性。土壤硼含量约为0.19mg kg-1。盆栽试验于2015年进行,2016年重复进行。在土壤中施用6个硼水平:2015年为0、0.2、0.5、1、5和10mg kg-1, 2016年为0、2、5、10、15和20mg kg-1。硼作为Solubor-C (Na2B8O13.4H2O,硼含量21%)。结果表明,土壤施硼对玉米籽粒重、籽粒含油和蛋白质含量没有显著提高。然而,硼的供给量大于或等于1mg kg-1会导致明显的叶片损伤。在高硼水平(15和20 mg kg-1)下,籽粒重量显著降低。籽粒硼含量不随硼供应剂量的增加而增加。对于所有测试的硼量来说,它是足够的,约为16毫克公斤一公斤。施用硼对植株其他养分含量无显著影响。每施硼2 mg kg-1,土壤残硼富集量约为0.3 mg kg-1。
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引用次数: 1
A Study of Light Intensity and Fertilizer on Soybean in Albizia chinensis Agroforestry System 紫荆农林复合系统大豆的光强与施肥研究
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.25872
Zulfikar Affandi, D. Purnomo, S. Supriyono
One of the efforts to solve the decreasing of agriculture land area caused by land use change is through agroforestry system (AF), such as the cultivation among the Albizia chinensis trees. This research, along with the experiment, aims at studying the light characteristic of 1.5 years oldAlbizia c and the effect of fertilization on the growth of soybean and testing the soybean yield of Dega 1 varieties in agroforestry system based on Albizia c. Using the split-plot Randomized Block Design (RBD) as the experiment, the intensity of light was employed as the main plot whereas the fertilizer was used as the subplot in this study. There were four levels of light intensity:  land with high light intensity (lands outside AF), rather high light intensity (radiation transmission fraction (RTF) among Albizia c 1425 ha-1 density), medium-high light intensity (RTF among 2850 Albizia c density with pruned canopy), rather low light intensity (RTF among 2850 Albizia c  density with unpruned canopy). As the subplot were some various fertilizers such as Albizia c litter, Albizia c litter + phosphorus (P) + potassium (K), and without any fertilization. Totally 12 treatments were obtained and each of those treatments was replicated three times, consequently consisting of 36 experiment units. The result of this research shows that  Albizia c was exceedingly potential for the soybean cultivation with AF system. The passing light under the canopy (RTF) depended on the distance between each tree and could be improved by pruning the canopy. The increasing RTF increased vegetative and generative growth. The highest soybean production (3.3 tons ha-1) could be achieved in 2850 trees ha-1 density with pruned canopy (RTF: 49% equals to 28440 lux) compared with biomass production in open land (3.9 tons ha-1).
解决土地利用变化导致的农业用地面积减少的措施之一是通过农林复合系统(AF),如在合欢树间种植。本研究结合试验,旨在研究1.5年生紫杉树的光特性及施肥对大豆生长的影响,并测试以紫杉树为基础的农林复合系统中德加1号品种的大豆产量。本研究采用分块随机区组设计(RBD),以光照强度为主区,施肥为副区。光照强度分为四个等级:高光强地(AF外地)、高光强地(1425 ha-1密度紫杉树的辐射透射分数(RTF))、中高光强地(2850冠层修剪的紫杉树密度的RTF)、低光强地(2850冠层未修剪的紫杉树密度的RTF)。在小样地施用各种肥料,如合欢凋落叶、合欢凋落叶+磷+钾,不施肥。共得到12个处理,每个处理重复3次,共36个试验单元。本研究结果表明,紫花苜蓿极有潜力应用AF系统栽培大豆。林冠下通过光(RTF)取决于每棵树之间的距离,可以通过修剪林冠来改善。RTF的增加促进了营养和生殖生长。与草地生物量产量(3.9吨ha-1)相比,修剪冠层(RTF: 49% = 28440 lux)密度为2850棵ha-1时大豆产量最高(3.3吨ha-1)。
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引用次数: 3
Remediation of Chromium Contaminated Soil by Phyto-Bio System (PBS) Application 植物生物系统(PBS)修复铬污染土壤的研究
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.24932
R. Rosariastuti, Selly Maisyarah, S. Sudadi, S. Hartati, P. Purwanto
Chromium polluted water was increased as the result of the growth of the industries, due to their industrial waste were most likely contain heavy metals, especially textile industrial waste that was discarded to the rivers. This research aimed to study the removal of chromium levels in soil used the symbiosis between plant and bacteria. Soil sample contained with 4.33 mg kg-1 and the irrigation water sample contained with 1.09 mg l-1 of total chromium. This research design was factorial with Randomized Complete Block Design as the based design There were 3 factors in this study: 1.  inorganic fertilizer (P): P0: without inorganic fertilizer, P1: with inorganic fertilizer; 2. chelator (B):B0: without chelator, B1: with chelator Rhizobium sp I3, B2: with chelator manure; 3. Plant (T): T0 without plant, T1: with plant. Data were analyzed by statistical analysis using ANOVA continued by T-test or Duncan Multiple Range test and correlation test. The result showed that the remediation process reduced chromium levels in soil with the removal effectivity up to 71.90% on the treatment combination of NPK fertilizer+manure+plant while removal effectivity on plant-only treatment was 55.66%. The chromium levels in Fimbristylis globulosa were in the range from 1.82–3.15 μ g-1, it indicated that Fimbristylis globulosa was a feasible plant for bioremediation. Fimbristylis globulosa grew well and has the ability to absorb chromium, especially by combining it with Rhizobium sp I3and the chromium uptake in roots was higher than shoots.
由于工业的发展,铬污染的水增加了,因为工业废料很可能含有重金属,特别是被丢弃到河流中的纺织工业废料。本研究旨在研究植物与细菌共生对土壤中铬的去除作用。土壤样品中总铬含量为4.33 mg kg-1,灌溉水样品中总铬含量为1.09 mg l-1。本研究设计以随机完全区组设计为基础设计,采用因子分析法。无机肥(P): P0:不加无机肥,P1:加无机肥;2. 螯合剂(B):B0:无螯合剂,B1:有螯合剂根瘤菌I3, B2:有螯合剂粪便;3.植物(T): T0无植物,T1有植物。数据分析采用方差分析,再用t检验或Duncan多元极差检验及相关检验。结果表明,氮磷钾+粪肥+植物组合处理对土壤中铬的去除率达71.90%,而植物单处理对土壤铬的去除率为55.66%。金丝霉体内的铬含量在1.82 ~ 3.15 μ g-1之间,表明金丝霉是一种可行的生物修复植物。球孢毛霉生长良好,对铬有较强的吸收能力,特别是与根瘤菌结合后,根对铬的吸收高于地上部。
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引用次数: 2
Back Matter 回到问题
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v16i1.31922
V. Cahyani
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引用次数: 0
Abiotic Stress And Biofertilizer on The Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. Against Growth, Proline, and Antioxidants 白豆的非生物胁迫与生物肥料。抗生长、脯氨酸和抗氧化剂
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.25158
Intan Christin Dullah, Sulandjari Sulandjari, S. Supriyono
Pereskia bleo is a spiny bush from the genus Pereskia and family Cactaceae. Its leaves are shiny green, flowering, and fruitful. Some researchers to indicate that P.bleo leaves contain high antioxidants, anti-cancer, and are traditionally used for diabetic, hemorrhoids, hypertension, and gastric pain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of salinity stress and water volume as well as the role of biofertilizer on the growth of Pereskia bleo and antioxidant content. Using Nested design (completely randomized factorial) with NaCl treatment; 0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and biofertilizer; 5 ppm, 10 ppm, each nested in a water volume of 500 ml, 300 ml and 150 ml per polybag. Each treatment was repeated three times, resulting in a total sample of 54 plants. Meanwhile, the findings indicate that abiotic pressure suppresses growth and proline, but not on antioxidants. There is an interaction between salinity and biofertilizer against antioxidants. Abiotic Stress can increase the antioxidant content.
仙人掌是仙人掌属和仙人掌科的一种带刺灌木。它的叶子是闪亮的绿色,开花,硕果累累。一些研究人员指出,白莲叶含有高抗氧化剂,抗癌,传统上用于糖尿病,痔疮,高血压和胃痛。本试验旨在探讨盐度胁迫、水量及生物肥料处理对白豆生长和抗氧化剂含量的影响。采用嵌套设计(完全随机因子),NaCl处理;0 ppm、5 ppm、10 ppm和生物肥料;5 ppm, 10 ppm,每套在水量500毫升,300毫升和150毫升每个塑料袋。每个处理重复三次,总共得到54株植物的样本。同时,研究结果表明,非生物压力抑制生长和脯氨酸,但对抗氧化剂没有影响。盐度和生物肥料对抗氧化剂有相互作用。非生物胁迫可增加抗氧化剂含量。
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引用次数: 1
Effect Balance of Bokashi and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Simplicia Yield, and Content Of Sinensetin of Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) 博克石与无机肥平衡对库米生长、单株产量及五线菌素含量的影响
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.25102
Yoviana Erdhika Adiarti, B. Pujiasmanto, W. S. Dewi
Growth potential, simplicia yields, and secondary metabolites of sinensetin varieties kumis kucing can be increased through fertilization management. The aim of this research was to examine the effect balance of bokashi and inorganic fertilizer on growth, simplicia yields and secondary metabolites of sinensetin kumis kucing varieties. The design of research was a split-plot field experiment, with the main plot were varieties (Orsina 1 and Orsina 2) and subplots in bokashi fertilization of goat manure (control, bokashi 15 tons ha-1, bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 100% inorganic fertilizer dose recommendation, bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 50% recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 100% recommended inorganic fertilizer). Inorganic fertilizer recommendations consist of Urea 100 kg ha-1, SP36 200 kg ha-1, and KCl 100 kg ha-1. The results showed that the use of bokashi 15 tons ha-1 + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased growth. Besides it also produced the highest simplicia of 48.57 g plant-1 and the highest secondary metabolite of 0.045% plant-1 in Orsina 1. Both kumis kucing varieties did not show growth differences and yields. Bokashi fertilizer can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in the growth and simplicia yields and potentially increase sinensetin of kumis kucing.
通过施肥管理可以提高五倍子素品种的生长潜力、单倍子产量和次生代谢产物。摘要本试验旨在研究博克施与无机肥对三七栽培品种生长、单倍体产量及次生代谢产物的影响平衡。研究设计为分块田间试验,以羊粪bokashi施肥品种(Orsina 1、Orsina 2)和bokashi施肥副样(对照、bokashi 15 t ha-1、bokashi 15 t ha-1 + 100%推荐无机肥料用量、bokashi 15 t ha-1 + 50%推荐无机肥料用量和100%推荐无机肥料用量)为主样和小样。无机肥料推荐用量为尿素100 kg ha-1, SP36 200 kg ha-1, KCl 100 kg ha-1。结果表明,施用博卡石15吨ha-1 + 50%无机肥可促进生长。此外,它还产生了最高的单倍率48.57 g plant-1和最高的次级代谢物0.045% plant-1。kumis的两个品种在生长和产量方面没有差异。博卡施肥可以减少无机肥料的使用,对库米的生长和单株产量有潜在的提高作用。
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引用次数: 1
Environmentally Sound Spatial Management Using Conservation and Land Evaluation Approach at Sloping Lands in Humid Tropic (A case study of Antang Kalang sub-district, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia) 基于保护与土地评价方法的湿润热带坡地环境无害化空间管理(以印尼加里曼丹中部安唐卡朗街道为例)
Q4 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V16I1.24004
A. Bhermana, S. Susilawati
The main problem faced by sloping lands in the humid tropic includes land degradation influencing natural ecosystem damage broadly. Land conversion and improper land-use have been widely recognized as the main cause of environmental damage since the demands for agricultural lands become greater than land resource available. The objective of this study was to determine the concept of appropriate land-use planning through environmentally sound spatial management in order to prevent land and environmental degradation.  The sub-district of Antang Kalang was chosen as study area representing sloping lands in humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion. Conservation approach by the use of USLE erosion risk prediction model and land evaluation through land suitability classification was used in this study. The geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology were applied to generate spatial basic information and to assist in spatial analysis. Two crops, upland rice, and rubber,  representing food crop and estate p have been selected based on the local resource that has been existed since a long time ago. The result of spatial analysis shown that the arable land for agricultural practices covers  9,039 hectares (23.19%) while for non-arable land, it is allocated for forest preservation with total areas 29,934 hectares (76.81%). Land-use planning and land resources management involving conservation aspect and land suitability evaluation should be taken into account for farming practice at sloping lands areas since the value of soil loss potential appears as an indicator of erosion risk. Permanent cultivation system and the intercropping farming system is the option of recommended agricultural practice at sloping lands in the humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion.
湿润热带地区坡地面临的主要问题包括土地退化对自然生态系统破坏的广泛影响。由于对农业用地的需求超过了可用的土地资源,土地转用和土地利用不当已被广泛认为是造成环境破坏的主要原因。这项研究的目的是确定通过无害环境的空间管理进行适当土地使用规划的概念,以防止土地和环境退化。选择安唐卡朗街道作为研究区,代表湿润热带地区易受侵蚀的坡地。本文采用USLE侵蚀风险预测模型和土地适宜性分级评价相结合的保护方法。利用地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术生成空间基础信息,辅助空间分析。代表粮食作物和地产的两种作物,旱稻和橡胶,是根据当地早已存在的资源选择的。空间分析结果表明,农用耕地面积9039公顷(23.19%),非耕地面积29934公顷(76.81%)。坡地地区的耕作实践应考虑到涉及保护方面和土地适宜性评价的土地使用规划和土地资源管理,因为土壤流失潜力的价值似乎是侵蚀风险的一个指标。永久性耕作制度和间作耕作制度是湿润热带易受侵蚀的坡地推荐的农业实践选择。
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引用次数: 4
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Sains Tanah
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