Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53559
M. Kader, F. Khan, Shibli Sadik Tulip, Md. Abid Hossain Mridha, Arif Jewel
Application of plastic mulches in potato production is rarely used by farmers in Bangladesh although it has a good prospect for saving irrigation water, weed control, maintaining tuber quality, and increasing yield. A study was conducted in experimental farm at Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogura, Bangladesh to evaluate the precision of irrigation water for potato production using different colored plastic mulches i.e, black and blue in combination with conservation strip tillage and control (no-mulch). Four different treatments were prepared where some of the phenological characteristics of plants as well as yield of potato were compared among treatments by applying the same amount of irrigation water. The results showed that treatment with black plastic mulch had the highest tuber growth as well as yield of 25.1 t ha-1 compared to other treatments while other treatments such as blue plastic mulch, control, and strip tillage had a yield of 16.37, 13.75, and 15.75 t ha-1, respectively. Potato plants having black plastic mulch took less time to mature in comparison to other treatments. Black plastic mulch restricts soil moisture evaporation and keeps the soil warm. In conclusion, potato production with various mulches has a great scope in a semi-arid region like Bangladesh and present experimental results will help to improve the understanding of potato growers for adopting best mulch management practices.
尽管地膜在马铃薯生产中具有节约灌溉用水、防治杂草、保持块茎品质和提高产量的良好前景，但孟加拉国农民很少使用地膜。在孟加拉国Bogura农村发展学院(RDA)的实验农场进行了一项研究，以评估使用不同颜色的塑料地膜(即黑色和蓝色结合保护性带状耕作和控制(无地膜)灌溉马铃薯生产用水的精度。在灌水量相同的情况下，制备了4种不同处理，比较了不同处理对马铃薯植株物候特征和产量的影响。结果表明:与其他处理相比，黑地膜处理块茎生长最快，产量为25.1 t hm -1，蓝地膜、对照和条带耕作的产量分别为16.37、13.75和15.75 t hm -1。与其他处理相比，覆盖黑色塑料薄膜的马铃薯植株成熟所需的时间更短。黑色塑料地膜限制土壤水分蒸发，保持土壤温暖。综上所述，在孟加拉国这样的半干旱地区，采用各种地膜的马铃薯生产具有很大的应用范围，目前的试验结果将有助于提高马铃薯种植者对采用最佳地膜管理实践的理解。
{"title":"Applicability of plastic mulch and conservation strip tillage for potato production in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Kader, F. Khan, Shibli Sadik Tulip, Md. Abid Hossain Mridha, Arif Jewel","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53559","url":null,"abstract":"Application of plastic mulches in potato production is rarely used by farmers in Bangladesh although it has a good prospect for saving irrigation water, weed control, maintaining tuber quality, and increasing yield. A study was conducted in experimental farm at Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogura, Bangladesh to evaluate the precision of irrigation water for potato production using different colored plastic mulches i.e, black and blue in combination with conservation strip tillage and control (no-mulch). Four different treatments were prepared where some of the phenological characteristics of plants as well as yield of potato were compared among treatments by applying the same amount of irrigation water. The results showed that treatment with black plastic mulch had the highest tuber growth as well as yield of 25.1 t ha-1 compared to other treatments while other treatments such as blue plastic mulch, control, and strip tillage had a yield of 16.37, 13.75, and 15.75 t ha-1, respectively. Potato plants having black plastic mulch took less time to mature in comparison to other treatments. Black plastic mulch restricts soil moisture evaporation and keeps the soil warm. In conclusion, potato production with various mulches has a great scope in a semi-arid region like Bangladesh and present experimental results will help to improve the understanding of potato growers for adopting best mulch management practices.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82180337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.45417
Heru Bagus Pulunggono, Moh Zulfajrin, F. Irsan
Detailed studies of Ni distribution in peat that is influenced by Ni-rich soil derived from ultrabasic rocks are still limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the characteristics of Ni in peat from Morowali (Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia) at several depths and distances from the boundary of the ultrabasic mineral soil. Peat was sampled from depths of 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm at distances of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m from the border of the ultrabasic mineral soil in March 2018. Ni characteristics were examined through their total, exchangeable, water-soluble, and adsorbed distributions. The relationships between Ni and some peat chemical properties such as pH; cation exchange capacity; macronutrient contents of K, Ca, and Mg; and micronutrient contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were also observed. The high Ni content in peat at the study transect is caused by an accumulation of Ni transported from elevated areas of mineral soil. Most Ni in peat is bonded to the soil organic exchange complexes. Accumulation of the mineral soil fraction in the peat surface is indicated at distances of 100–400 meters from the ultrabasic mineral soil. Ni distribution in peat at the study transect is mainly governed by a combination of Fe, pH, organic material, water content, peat depth, and distance from ultrabasic mineral soil.
{"title":"Distribution of nickel (Ni) in peatland situated alongside mineral soil derived from ultrabasic rocks","authors":"Heru Bagus Pulunggono, Moh Zulfajrin, F. Irsan","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.45417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.45417","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed studies of Ni distribution in peat that is influenced by Ni-rich soil derived from ultrabasic rocks are still limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the characteristics of Ni in peat from Morowali (Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia) at several depths and distances from the boundary of the ultrabasic mineral soil. Peat was sampled from depths of 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm at distances of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m from the border of the ultrabasic mineral soil in March 2018. Ni characteristics were examined through their total, exchangeable, water-soluble, and adsorbed distributions. The relationships between Ni and some peat chemical properties such as pH; cation exchange capacity; macronutrient contents of K, Ca, and Mg; and micronutrient contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were also observed. The high Ni content in peat at the study transect is caused by an accumulation of Ni transported from elevated areas of mineral soil. Most Ni in peat is bonded to the soil organic exchange complexes. Accumulation of the mineral soil fraction in the peat surface is indicated at distances of 100–400 meters from the ultrabasic mineral soil. Ni distribution in peat at the study transect is mainly governed by a combination of Fe, pH, organic material, water content, peat depth, and distance from ultrabasic mineral soil.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87890962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.42729
A. Wihardjaka, E. Yulianingsih, H. Yulianingrum
Rice cultivation is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane (CH4). One of the factors that affect CH4 emissions from rice fields is rice cultivar. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to determine CH4 emissions from various high-yielding inbred varieties and the relationship between CH4 emissions and rice growth parameters. The field experiment was conducted in Jaken, Pati Regency, Central Java province, during the wet season of 2014/2015. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with three replications and several cultivar treatments (Inpari 13, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, with Ciherang as the comparison cultivar). The data collected includes CH4 flux, plant height, tiller number, biomass, grain yield, and root aerenchyma area. The CH4 flux was measured at several critical growth stages. The Inpari 24, Inpari 13, and Inpari 19 demonstrated CH4 emissions reduced by as much as 36.1%, 32.8%, and 21.3%, respectively, compared to Ciherang. The Inpari 13 and Inpari 24 varieties had significantly lower emission indices than Ciherang and the other Inpari varieties, with 17 and 20 g CH4 per 1 kg grain yield, respectively. CH4 flux was found to correlate significantly with tiller number per hill, total biomass, and root aerenchyma area at the panicle initiation growth stage.
{"title":"Methane flux from high-yielding Inpari rice varieties in Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"A. Wihardjaka, E. Yulianingsih, H. Yulianingrum","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.42729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.42729","url":null,"abstract":"Rice cultivation is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane (CH4). One of the factors that affect CH4 emissions from rice fields is rice cultivar. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to determine CH4 emissions from various high-yielding inbred varieties and the relationship between CH4 emissions and rice growth parameters. The field experiment was conducted in Jaken, Pati Regency, Central Java province, during the wet season of 2014/2015. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with three replications and several cultivar treatments (Inpari 13, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, with Ciherang as the comparison cultivar). The data collected includes CH4 flux, plant height, tiller number, biomass, grain yield, and root aerenchyma area. The CH4 flux was measured at several critical growth stages. The Inpari 24, Inpari 13, and Inpari 19 demonstrated CH4 emissions reduced by as much as 36.1%, 32.8%, and 21.3%, respectively, compared to Ciherang. The Inpari 13 and Inpari 24 varieties had significantly lower emission indices than Ciherang and the other Inpari varieties, with 17 and 20 g CH4 per 1 kg grain yield, respectively. CH4 flux was found to correlate significantly with tiller number per hill, total biomass, and root aerenchyma area at the panicle initiation growth stage.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78435115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.41370
Tri Fitriani, Darwin H. Pangaribuan, A. Niswati, S. Yusnaini
The goal of this research was to observe the impact of the application of the forms of compost extract and urea fertilizer on the development of kailan plants in the hydroponic wick method. The experiment consisted of a quasi- experimental factorial design with the first element reflecting the compost type: no compost extract, cow manure compost extract, rice straw compost extract, and vermicompost extract. The second element was the use of 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers. The usage of vermicompost extract shows the maximum growth (59.27 cm), amount of leaves (23.00), overall plant weight (93.92 g plant-1), canopy weight (61.37 g plant-1), dried foliage weight (7.17 g plant-1), fresh root weight (33.40 g plant-1), leaf greenness (183.80 SPAD) and nutrient uptake (6.32 g plant-1). (6.32 g plant-1). The optimal nitrogen fertilizer application was found to be 200 kg ha-1, which culminated in the maximum plant height (42.18 cm), number of leaves (17.75), overall plant weight (60.42 g plant-1), leaf greenness (166.23 SPAD) and N uptake (3.73 g plant-1). With the addition of 100 kg of urea ha-1, Vermicompost extract achieved the maximum N adhesion strength of 112.05 per cent. The use of vermicompost extract in the production of crops with a hydroponic wick method could fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants.
本研究的目的是观察在水培液芯法中施用堆肥浸出物和尿素肥形式对开兰植株发育的影响。试验采用准试验因子设计，第一因子反映堆肥类型:无堆肥提取物、牛粪堆肥提取物、稻草堆肥提取物和蚯蚓堆肥提取物。第二个要素是施用0、100和200公斤每公顷氮肥。蚯蚓堆肥提取物的最大生长量(59.27 cm)、叶片数量(23.00)、植株总重(93.92 g plant-1)、冠层重(61.37 g plant-1)、干叶重(7.17 g plant-1)、鲜根重(33.40 g plant-1)、叶片绿度(183.80 SPAD)和养分吸收量(6.32 g plant-1)。(6.32 g plant-1)。施氮量为200 kg hm -1时，植株最高株高(42.18 cm)、叶片数(17.75)、总重(60.42 g plant-1)、叶片绿度(166.23 SPAD)和氮素吸收量(3.73 g plant-1)最高。在尿素添加量为100 kg hm -1的条件下，蚯蚓堆肥提取液的最大氮粘附强度为112.05%。蚯蚓堆肥提取液在水培液芯法作物生产中可以满足作物对养分的需求。
{"title":"Improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency with the addition of compost extracts to kailan (Brassica oleracea L.) plants with wick hydroponic cultivation","authors":"Tri Fitriani, Darwin H. Pangaribuan, A. Niswati, S. Yusnaini","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.41370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.41370","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to observe the impact of the application of the forms of compost extract and urea fertilizer on the development of kailan plants in the hydroponic wick method. The experiment consisted of a quasi- experimental factorial design with the first element reflecting the compost type: no compost extract, cow manure compost extract, rice straw compost extract, and vermicompost extract. The second element was the use of 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers. The usage of vermicompost extract shows the maximum growth (59.27 cm), amount of leaves (23.00), overall plant weight (93.92 g plant-1), canopy weight (61.37 g plant-1), dried foliage weight (7.17 g plant-1), fresh root weight (33.40 g plant-1), leaf greenness (183.80 SPAD) and nutrient uptake (6.32 g plant-1). (6.32 g plant-1). The optimal nitrogen fertilizer application was found to be 200 kg ha-1, which culminated in the maximum plant height (42.18 cm), number of leaves (17.75), overall plant weight (60.42 g plant-1), leaf greenness (166.23 SPAD) and N uptake (3.73 g plant-1). With the addition of 100 kg of urea ha-1, Vermicompost extract achieved the maximum N adhesion strength of 112.05 per cent. The use of vermicompost extract in the production of crops with a hydroponic wick method could fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.40065
M. S. Budiastuti, D. Purnomo, S. Supriyono, B. Pujiasmanto, D. Setyaningrum
Indigofera tinctoria is a legume that is cultivated as a source of natural indigo dyes. As a legume, Indigofera tinctoria is capable of symbiosis with soil microbes. This study evaluates the effects of light intensity and microbial inoculation on root growth and nodulation. The study used a complete randomized block design with a split-plot pattern. Light intensity was the main plot with four levels of light intensity 100%, 50%, 25%, and 10%. Microbial inoculation was a subplot with four levels without inoculation, mycorrhizae inoculation, rhizobium inoculation, and double inoculation with both mycorrhizae and rhizobium. The results obtained show that light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root length, root fresh weight, root biomass, and the number of nodules. 50% light intensity was optimum for root length, while 100% light intensity was optimum for root fresh weight, root biomass, and a number of nodules. Root growth and nodulation were further increased with double inoculation. The combination of light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root biomass and nodulation. The combination of 100% light intensity and double inoculation resulted in the highest root biomass and nodule numbers. Mycorrhizae and rhizobium have a synergistic relationship to nodulation and root growth. Double inoculation with mycorrhizae and rhizobium efficiently increased root biomass and the number of nodules under low or high light intensity.
{"title":"Effects of light intensity and co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on root growth and nodulation of Indigofera tinctoria","authors":"M. S. Budiastuti, D. Purnomo, S. Supriyono, B. Pujiasmanto, D. Setyaningrum","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.40065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.40065","url":null,"abstract":"Indigofera tinctoria is a legume that is cultivated as a source of natural indigo dyes. As a legume, Indigofera tinctoria is capable of symbiosis with soil microbes. This study evaluates the effects of light intensity and microbial inoculation on root growth and nodulation. The study used a complete randomized block design with a split-plot pattern. Light intensity was the main plot with four levels of light intensity 100%, 50%, 25%, and 10%. Microbial inoculation was a subplot with four levels without inoculation, mycorrhizae inoculation, rhizobium inoculation, and double inoculation with both mycorrhizae and rhizobium. The results obtained show that light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root length, root fresh weight, root biomass, and the number of nodules. 50% light intensity was optimum for root length, while 100% light intensity was optimum for root fresh weight, root biomass, and a number of nodules. Root growth and nodulation were further increased with double inoculation. The combination of light intensity and microbial inoculation affected root biomass and nodulation. The combination of 100% light intensity and double inoculation resulted in the highest root biomass and nodule numbers. Mycorrhizae and rhizobium have a synergistic relationship to nodulation and root growth. Double inoculation with mycorrhizae and rhizobium efficiently increased root biomass and the number of nodules under low or high light intensity.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"17 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45251538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37827
Kharisun Kharisun, M. N. Budiono, N. Prihatiningsih, R. Noorhidayah, Ningsih Lamorunga
Silicon is a beneficial nutrient that has the potential to alleviate the abiotic stress of bok choy grown under salinity stress on entisols. Indonesia has wide areas of entisol soils along its coastline, which could be planted with bok choy. However, salinity conditions pose a problem in entisol soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the agronomic performance of bok choy grown on an Entisols under salinity stress conditions. This research was conducted at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from May to August 2019. The experimental design was a completely randomized completely block design (RCBD) consisting of 16 treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised two factors: the dosage of silicon fertilizer, which was 0, 5, 10, or 15 g pot -1 ; and salinity stress, with a level of 0, 1, 2, or 3 dS m -1 pot -1 . Observed variables included plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm 2 ), fresh shoot weight (g), dry shoot weight (g), fresh root weight (g), dry root weight (g), fresh plant weight (g), and dry plant weight (g). The results showed that the provision of silicon (Si) fertilizer from zeolite and sugarcane bagasse compost (SCB) improved plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh plant weight, and dry plant weight of bok choy plants under salinity stress conditions on entisol soil. At a silicon dosage of 10 g pot -1 , fresh plant weight (production of bok choy) was 64.18% greater compared to the control. Increasing soil salinity up to 3 dS m -1 of soil decreased the plant height and number of leaves but did not significantly affect fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh plant weight, dry fresh plant weight, fresh root weight, or dry root weight.
硅是一种有益的营养物，有可能缓解小白菜在盐胁迫下对实体土的非生物胁迫。印尼海岸线上有大片的天然土壤，可以种植小白菜。然而，盐度条件对实体土构成了一个问题。本研究旨在探讨盐胁迫条件下硅对在Entisols上生长的白菜农艺性能的影响。该研究于2019年5月至8月在Jenderal Soedirman大学农学院的屏幕室进行。实验设计为完全随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，包括16个处理，3个重复。处理包括两个因素:硅肥用量为0、5、10、15 g / 1;和盐度胁迫，水平为0、1、2或3 dS m -1 pot -1。观察变量包括株高(cm)、叶片数(株数)、叶面积(cm 2)、鲜梢重(g)、干梢重(g)、鲜根重(g)、干根重(g)、鲜株重(g)和干株重(g)。结果表明，施用沸石硅肥和蔗渣堆肥(SCB)提高了植株高、叶片数、叶面积、鲜株重、盐度胁迫条件下小白菜干株重的研究。硅投加量为10 g，鲜株重(小白菜产量)比对照增加64.18%。土壤盐度在3 dS m -1以下时，株高和叶数降低，但对鲜梢重、干梢重、鲜株重、干鲜株重、鲜根重和干根重影响不显著。
{"title":"Silicon (Si) and salinity stress on the agronomic performances of bok choy (Brassica rappa L.) in an Entisols","authors":"Kharisun Kharisun, M. N. Budiono, N. Prihatiningsih, R. Noorhidayah, Ningsih Lamorunga","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37827","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon is a beneficial nutrient that has the potential to alleviate the abiotic stress of bok choy grown under salinity stress on entisols. Indonesia has wide areas of entisol soils along its coastline, which could be planted with bok choy. However, salinity conditions pose a problem in entisol soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the agronomic performance of bok choy grown on an Entisols under salinity stress conditions. This research was conducted at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from May to August 2019. The experimental design was a completely randomized completely block design (RCBD) consisting of 16 treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised two factors: the dosage of silicon fertilizer, which was 0, 5, 10, or 15 g pot -1 ; and salinity stress, with a level of 0, 1, 2, or 3 dS m -1 pot -1 . Observed variables included plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm 2 ), fresh shoot weight (g), dry shoot weight (g), fresh root weight (g), dry root weight (g), fresh plant weight (g), and dry plant weight (g). The results showed that the provision of silicon (Si) fertilizer from zeolite and sugarcane bagasse compost (SCB) improved plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh plant weight, and dry plant weight of bok choy plants under salinity stress conditions on entisol soil. At a silicon dosage of 10 g pot -1 , fresh plant weight (production of bok choy) was 64.18% greater compared to the control. Increasing soil salinity up to 3 dS m -1 of soil decreased the plant height and number of leaves but did not significantly affect fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh plant weight, dry fresh plant weight, fresh root weight, or dry root weight.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"17 1","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46597004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.46928
Kartika Utami, E. Hanudin, M. Nurudin
The kinetics of N release during the process of decomposition of organic matter is influenced by organic matter quality, temperature, humidity, and decomposer. Acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo leaf litter are native plants and be the pioneer plants on the slopes of Mount Merapi after the eruption in 2010. However, there is a lack of information on the N mineralization process from the leaves litter of acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo. The study aimed to determine the kinetics of N release from the litter leaves of acacia ( Acacia decurrens ), coffee, salacca, and bamboo, which were tested with three approaches, namely zero order, first order, and second order. The experiment was carried out using 10 Phretima californica earthworms that were incubated with 35g of annual plant leaves at 25°C. The levels of NH 4 + and NO 3 - were measured at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 105 days after incubation by using the indophenol blue and derivative spectrophotometric method, respectively. Throughout the decomposition 105 days, the release of NO 3 - was higher than that of NH 4 + due to the nature of NH 4 + that was more easily immobilized than NO 3 - . The highest NO 3 - release in acacia litter (1.56 mg kg -1 ) occurred 30 days after incubation, while in coffee, salacca, and bamboo occurred 105 days after incubation, reaching 1.92 mg kg -1 , 2.47 mg kg -1 , and 1.88 mg kg -1 , respectively. High N compound on the leaves litter unaffected to increasing total biomass earthworms in the end of incubation however promotes N mineralization rapidly. The kinetics of the second-order equation showed higher compatibility than the other equations to the N release with coefficient determination was higher. The kinetics of mineralization can be a strategy to use the leaves litter of perennial plants as sources of N nutrient input into soil.
有机质分解过程中N的释放动力学受有机质质量、温度、湿度和分解者的影响。金合欢、咖啡、沙六甲和竹叶凋落物是当地的原生植物，是2010年默拉皮火山喷发后斜坡上的先驱植物。然而，关于金合欢、咖啡、沙六甲和竹子凋落叶中氮矿化过程的研究尚缺乏。本研究采用零阶、一阶和二阶三种方法，研究了金合欢、咖啡、沙六甲和竹子凋落叶氮释放动力学。实验用10只加利福尼亚Phretima蚯蚓与35g一年生植物叶片在25°C下孵育。分别于培养后0、7、15、30、45、75、105 d采用吲酚蓝和导数分光光度法测定NH 4 +和no3 -水平。在105 d的分解过程中，由于nh4 +比no3 -更易固定化，所以no3 -的释放量高于nh4 +。金合欢凋落物的NO 3 -释放量最高，为1.56 mg kg -1，在孵育后30 d，咖啡、沙柳和竹子的NO 3 -1释放量最高，分别为1.92 mg kg -1、2.47 mg kg -1和1.88 mg kg -1。枯叶凋落物上的高氮化合物对蚯蚓总生物量的增加没有影响，但能迅速促进N矿化。二级方程对氮素释放的亲和性较好，且决定系数较高。矿化动力学可以作为利用多年生植物凋落叶作为土壤氮养分输入源的一种策略。
{"title":"The kinetics curve of nitrogen mineralization from perennial leaves litter decomposed by earthworm (Phretima californica)","authors":"Kartika Utami, E. Hanudin, M. Nurudin","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.46928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.46928","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of N release during the process of decomposition of organic matter is influenced by organic matter quality, temperature, humidity, and decomposer. Acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo leaf litter are native plants and be the pioneer plants on the slopes of Mount Merapi after the eruption in 2010. However, there is a lack of information on the N mineralization process from the leaves litter of acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo. The study aimed to determine the kinetics of N release from the litter leaves of acacia ( Acacia decurrens ), coffee, salacca, and bamboo, which were tested with three approaches, namely zero order, first order, and second order. The experiment was carried out using 10 Phretima californica earthworms that were incubated with 35g of annual plant leaves at 25°C. The levels of NH 4 + and NO 3 - were measured at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 105 days after incubation by using the indophenol blue and derivative spectrophotometric method, respectively. Throughout the decomposition 105 days, the release of NO 3 - was higher than that of NH 4 + due to the nature of NH 4 + that was more easily immobilized than NO 3 - . The highest NO 3 - release in acacia litter (1.56 mg kg -1 ) occurred 30 days after incubation, while in coffee, salacca, and bamboo occurred 105 days after incubation, reaching 1.92 mg kg -1 , 2.47 mg kg -1 , and 1.88 mg kg -1 , respectively. High N compound on the leaves litter unaffected to increasing total biomass earthworms in the end of incubation however promotes N mineralization rapidly. The kinetics of the second-order equation showed higher compatibility than the other equations to the N release with coefficient determination was higher. The kinetics of mineralization can be a strategy to use the leaves litter of perennial plants as sources of N nutrient input into soil.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"17 1","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46417845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.45123
S. Nurzakiah, A. Sutandi, S. Sabiham, G. Djajakirana, U. Sudadi
Soil factors such as pH and the presence of polyvalent cations can influence the net production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This study aimed to determine the main factors that control net DOC production. The study was conducted at Buatan Village, Siak Indrapura Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Soil and water sampling were done every month for a year observation, from July 2018 to June 2019. Soil sampling was carried out to determine the concentration of C-organic acids, pH, N, P, K, Cu, and soil water content (SWC). Peat water sampling was carried out using modified pore water sampling to measure DOC concentration. Groundwater level (GWL) and soil temperature were also observed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the soil and environmental factors controlling the net DOC production. The results showed that the net DOC production fluctuated with seasonal changes and soil pH was a significant controlling factor ( P = 0.035) and positively correlated ( P = 0.040) to the net DOC production. In addition, N-mineral, PO 4 , and Cu were positively correlated with net DOC production ( P -value: 0.026; 0.033; and 0.028; respectively) while C-organic acids and SWC were negatively correlated ( P -value: 0.033; and 0.020; respectively). There was no correlation between net DOC production with GWL, soil temperature, and K concentration. This finding confirmed that pH was the main factor controlling the net DOC production and reflects DOC contribution to the solution acidity.
{"title":"Controls on the net dissolved organic carbon production in tropical peat","authors":"S. Nurzakiah, A. Sutandi, S. Sabiham, G. Djajakirana, U. Sudadi","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.45123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.45123","url":null,"abstract":"Soil factors such as pH and the presence of polyvalent cations can influence the net production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This study aimed to determine the main factors that control net DOC production. The study was conducted at Buatan Village, Siak Indrapura Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Soil and water sampling were done every month for a year observation, from July 2018 to June 2019. Soil sampling was carried out to determine the concentration of C-organic acids, pH, N, P, K, Cu, and soil water content (SWC). Peat water sampling was carried out using modified pore water sampling to measure DOC concentration. Groundwater level (GWL) and soil temperature were also observed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the soil and environmental factors controlling the net DOC production. The results showed that the net DOC production fluctuated with seasonal changes and soil pH was a significant controlling factor ( P = 0.035) and positively correlated ( P = 0.040) to the net DOC production. In addition, N-mineral, PO 4 , and Cu were positively correlated with net DOC production ( P -value: 0.026; 0.033; and 0.028; respectively) while C-organic acids and SWC were negatively correlated ( P -value: 0.033; and 0.020; respectively). There was no correlation between net DOC production with GWL, soil temperature, and K concentration. This finding confirmed that pH was the main factor controlling the net DOC production and reflects DOC contribution to the solution acidity.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"17 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46862251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37606
S. Sukarman, Rachmat Abdul Gani, A. Asmarhansyah
Tin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is conducted with an open-pit mining system. This paper discusses the process of tin mining and its effects on soil properties in this region. Tin mining led to the formation of accumulations in the form of (1) mixed soils from horizons A, B, and C, (2) excavated materials from the deeper levels of the pit, (3) coarse-grained tailings with quartz as a primary element, (4) tailings mixed with excavated soils, and (5) voids filled with water. After tin mining ended, the area was left with waste excavated materials, stockpiles of excavated materials or tailings, and voids, spread over an area of 124,838 ha. Overall, mining has led to significant and alarming damages to the biophysical aspects of land resources and the environment. This damage includes the deterioration of soil structure, changes in soil texture, loss of soil organic matter, and loss of soil fertility. The mining activities also caused the loss of a number of types of biota that are important to provide environmental services such as the provision of forest products, soil stability, maintaining the hydrological cycle, and carbon sequestration.
{"title":"Tin mining process and its effects on soils in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sukarman, Rachmat Abdul Gani, A. Asmarhansyah","doi":"10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/STJSSA.V17I2.37606","url":null,"abstract":"Tin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is conducted with an open-pit mining system. This paper discusses the process of tin mining and its effects on soil properties in this region. Tin mining led to the formation of accumulations in the form of (1) mixed soils from horizons A, B, and C, (2) excavated materials from the deeper levels of the pit, (3) coarse-grained tailings with quartz as a primary element, (4) tailings mixed with excavated soils, and (5) voids filled with water. After tin mining ended, the area was left with waste excavated materials, stockpiles of excavated materials or tailings, and voids, spread over an area of 124,838 ha. Overall, mining has led to significant and alarming damages to the biophysical aspects of land resources and the environment. This damage includes the deterioration of soil structure, changes in soil texture, loss of soil organic matter, and loss of soil fertility. The mining activities also caused the loss of a number of types of biota that are important to provide environmental services such as the provision of forest products, soil stability, maintaining the hydrological cycle, and carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82334024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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