Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.56928
Umi Munawaroh, K. Komariah, D. Ariyanto, M. Zaki, K. Noda
Indonesia is the world’s third largest rice producer, with most rice being cultivated (estimated 3.1 million ha) in Central Java. However, one of the environmental challenges in producing rice is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Therefore, understanding the GHG emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) from the rice farming system is important for better management practices. The objective of this study is to estimate the GHG emissions supported by a satellite database, namely, the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model, at three regencies at Central Java, Indonesia, Cilacap, Karanganyar, and Pati, as well as the factors determining the emissions. The DNDC model was obtained from https://www.dndc.sr.unh.edu, which consists of three main submodels that worked together in simulating N2O and N2 emissions: (1) the soil-climate/thermal-hydraulic flux submodel, (2) the decomposition submodel, and (3) the denitrification submodel. The results showed that the N2O emissions from rice farming in Karanganyar, Cilacap, and Pati were 19.0, 18.8, and 12.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while they were 213.7, 270.6, and 360.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for CH4 emissions, respectively. Consecutive dry or high precipitation, which resulted in cumulative depleted or elevated soil moisture, respectively, along with warmer temperature likely promoted higher methane and nitrous oxide. Experimental fields for validating the model in accordance with various agricultural practices are suggested for further study. Overall, the DNDC model has successfully estimated the CH4 and N2O emissions in Central Java when incorporated with various secondary climatic and land management big data resources.
印度尼西亚是世界第三大水稻生产国，大部分水稻种植在中爪哇(估计310万公顷)。然而，水稻生产的环境挑战之一是稻田的温室气体排放。因此，了解水稻种植系统的温室气体排放(甲烷和一氧化二氮)对于更好的管理实践非常重要。本研究的目的是利用卫星数据库，即反硝化分解(DNDC)模型，估算中爪哇、印度尼西亚、奇拉贾普、卡兰甘雅和帕蒂三个县的温室气体排放量，以及影响排放量的因素。DNDC模型由三个主要子模型组成，它们共同模拟N2O和N2排放:(1)土壤-气候/热-水力通量子模型，(2)分解子模型和(3)反硝化子模型。结果表明，卡兰干雅尔、奇拉恰普和帕蒂稻作N2O排放量分别为19.0、18.8和12.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1,CH4排放量分别为213.7、270.6和360.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1。连续的干旱或高降水，分别导致土壤水分的累积枯竭或升高，加上温度升高，可能会促进甲烷和一氧化二氮的增加。建议在不同的农业实践条件下进行实验田的验证，以供进一步研究。总体而言，DNDC模型结合各种次生气候和土地管理大数据资源，成功估算了中爪哇地区的CH4和N2O排放量。
{"title":"Estimates of methane and nitrous oxide emission from a rice field in Central Java, Indonesia, based on the DeNitrification DeComposition model","authors":"Umi Munawaroh, K. Komariah, D. Ariyanto, M. Zaki, K. Noda","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.56928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.56928","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the world’s third largest rice producer, with most rice being cultivated (estimated 3.1 million ha) in Central Java. However, one of the environmental challenges in producing rice is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Therefore, understanding the GHG emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) from the rice farming system is important for better management practices. The objective of this study is to estimate the GHG emissions supported by a satellite database, namely, the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model, at three regencies at Central Java, Indonesia, Cilacap, Karanganyar, and Pati, as well as the factors determining the emissions. The DNDC model was obtained from https://www.dndc.sr.unh.edu, which consists of three main submodels that worked together in simulating N2O and N2 emissions: (1) the soil-climate/thermal-hydraulic flux submodel, (2) the decomposition submodel, and (3) the denitrification submodel. The results showed that the N2O emissions from rice farming in Karanganyar, Cilacap, and Pati were 19.0, 18.8, and 12.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while they were 213.7, 270.6, and 360.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for CH4 emissions, respectively. Consecutive dry or high precipitation, which resulted in cumulative depleted or elevated soil moisture, respectively, along with warmer temperature likely promoted higher methane and nitrous oxide. Experimental fields for validating the model in accordance with various agricultural practices are suggested for further study. Overall, the DNDC model has successfully estimated the CH4 and N2O emissions in Central Java when incorporated with various secondary climatic and land management big data resources.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75781204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56330
Nancy E. Ebido, I. Edeh, B. O. Unagwu, Ogorchukwu V. Ozongwu, S. E. Obalum, C. Igwe
There are insufficient data supporting the enormous potential of biochar in highly weathered tropical soils. This glasshouse study assessed rice-husk biochar (RHB) effects on soil organic carbon, aggregate stability and nitrogen fertility of sandy-loam Ultisols which were evaluated using spinach (Celosia argentea) growth. Five RHB rates 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g per two-kg-soil (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 t ha−1, respectively) were studied under 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of incubation (WOI). Batched potting of treatments enabled sowing on one date. Treatment effects on soil quality were assessed at sowing and spinach growth six weeks later. Soil organic carbon generally increased with RHB rate, with the greatest increments (37%) in maximum rate relative to no-biochar control for 8 WOI. Aggregate stability also generally increased with RHB rate, the range being 7.21%-17.21% for 8 WOI, beyond which it decreased in 10 and 20 but not 40 g pot–1. Total nitrogen was always highest in maximum rate, increasing with rate only for 8 WOI. Treatment affected plant height more clearly than leaf count. Optimum rates were 5 or 10 g pot–1 for 8 and 4 WOI, respectively (plant height) and 10 g pot–1 for 8 WOI (leaf count). Soil organic carbon influenced soil aggregate stability (R2 = 0.505) which in turn was quadratically related to plant height (R2 = 0.517), indicating stability threshold for spinach. Adding RHB at 40 g pot–1 (≈ 60 t ha−1) to coarse-textured tropical soils is suggested to sustain its soil aggregating effect beyond the growth phase of short-cycle leafy vegetables which require a lower rate (10 g pot–1) 8 weeks before sowing. The observed role of soil aggregate stability in spinach growth rather than the overall effects of RHB should guide further search for edapho-agronomic optimum rate of RHB.
没有足够的数据支持生物炭在高度风化的热带土壤中的巨大潜力。本研究以菠菜为试验材料，评价了稻壳生物炭(RHB)对土壤有机碳、团聚体稳定性和氮肥肥力的影响。在0、4、8和12周的孵育(WOI)条件下，研究了5种RHB浓度为0、5、10、20和40 g / 2 kg土壤(分别为0、7.5、15、30和60 t ha - 1)。分批盆栽处理可在一个日期播种。在播种和菠菜生长6周后评估处理对土壤质量的影响。土壤有机碳总体上随生物炭添加量的增加而增加，在8 WOI时，土壤有机碳的最大添加量相对于无生物炭处理增加了37%。总体上，骨料稳定性随RHB添加量的增加而增加，8 WOI的范围为7.21% ~ 17.21%，超过此范围，10和20 WOI骨料稳定性下降，但40 g -1 WOI骨料稳定性没有下降。总氮在最大速率下始终最高，仅在8 WOI时随速率增加。处理对株高的影响大于对叶数的影响。8 WOI和4 WOI的最佳添加量分别为5或10 g pot-1(株高)和10 g pot-1(叶数)。土壤有机碳影响土壤团聚体稳定性(R2 = 0.505)，团聚体稳定性与株高呈二次相关(R2 = 0.517)，表明菠菜的稳定性阈值。建议在粗质热带土壤中添加40 g(≈60 t ha - 1)的RHB，以维持其土壤团聚效应，超过短周期叶菜的生长阶段，而短周期叶菜在播种前8周需要较低的剂量(10 g盆栽)。观察到的土壤团聚体稳定性对菠菜生长的作用，而不是RHB的总体效应，应指导进一步寻找RHB的最适稻田农艺用量。
{"title":"Rice-husk biochar effects on organic carbon, aggregate stability and nitrogen-fertility of coarse-textured Ultisols evaluated using Celosia argentea growth","authors":"Nancy E. Ebido, I. Edeh, B. O. Unagwu, Ogorchukwu V. Ozongwu, S. E. Obalum, C. Igwe","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56330","url":null,"abstract":"There are insufficient data supporting the enormous potential of biochar in highly weathered tropical soils. This glasshouse study assessed rice-husk biochar (RHB) effects on soil organic carbon, aggregate stability and nitrogen fertility of sandy-loam Ultisols which were evaluated using spinach (Celosia argentea) growth. Five RHB rates 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g per two-kg-soil (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 t ha−1, respectively) were studied under 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of incubation (WOI). Batched potting of treatments enabled sowing on one date. Treatment effects on soil quality were assessed at sowing and spinach growth six weeks later. Soil organic carbon generally increased with RHB rate, with the greatest increments (37%) in maximum rate relative to no-biochar control for 8 WOI. Aggregate stability also generally increased with RHB rate, the range being 7.21%-17.21% for 8 WOI, beyond which it decreased in 10 and 20 but not 40 g pot–1. Total nitrogen was always highest in maximum rate, increasing with rate only for 8 WOI. Treatment affected plant height more clearly than leaf count. Optimum rates were 5 or 10 g pot–1 for 8 and 4 WOI, respectively (plant height) and 10 g pot–1 for 8 WOI (leaf count). Soil organic carbon influenced soil aggregate stability (R2 = 0.505) which in turn was quadratically related to plant height (R2 = 0.517), indicating stability threshold for spinach. Adding RHB at 40 g pot–1 (≈ 60 t ha−1) to coarse-textured tropical soils is suggested to sustain its soil aggregating effect beyond the growth phase of short-cycle leafy vegetables which require a lower rate (10 g pot–1) 8 weeks before sowing. The observed role of soil aggregate stability in spinach growth rather than the overall effects of RHB should guide further search for edapho-agronomic optimum rate of RHB.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83113373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56345
Muhammad Rendana, W. Idris, S. Abdul Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, T. Lihan
Soft paddy soils are not a stable soil structure that leads to the decline of rice production in Kedah, Malaysia. The soil had high compressibility and water content, and low soil strength thus the agricultural machines could not be operated above this soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the mechanical strength of soft soils in paddy fields using an organic amendment. The organic amendment used in this study was made from amended materials comprising clinoptilolite, kieserite, humic acid, and rubber bark dust. The study was carried out in the paddy field area of Alor Pudak district, Kedah, Malaysia, and it was divided into five treatments of amendment dose, i.e: 0 kg (control or P0), 125 kg (P1), 250 kg (P2), 375 kg (P3) and 500 kg (P4) with each plot size about 0.20 ha. The soil samples were then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test (UU-test) to characterize their amended properties. The XRD results clearly exhibited changes in the mineralogical composition of all treated plots with an increasing smectite content (1200 to 1300 intensity). Furthermore, the SEM results showed that clay particles in the treated plots have been flocculated to form close-knit, more stable soil structures. After the organic amendment application, the mechanical strength of the treated plots increased to an optimum level (50 kPa in P2) for resisting mechanical pressure from agricultural machinery. Overall, this study of the efficacy of organic amendment offers new insight into a soft paddy soil remediation method that is more effective and economical than the conventional method.
松软的水稻土是一种不稳定的土壤结构，导致马来西亚吉打州水稻产量下降。土壤压缩性和含水量较高，土壤强度较低，农机不能在此土壤上作业。因此，本研究旨在利用有机改良剂提高稻田软土的机械强度。本研究中使用的有机改进剂是由斜沸石、钾辉石、腐植酸和橡胶树皮粉组成的改进剂。本研究在马来西亚吉打州Alor Pudak县水田区进行，分为5个改良剂量处理，即0 kg(对照或P0)、125 kg (P1)、250 kg (P2)、375 kg (P3)和500 kg (P4)，每个小区面积约0.20 ha。利用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和未固结不排水三轴压缩试验(UU-test)对土样进行分析，表征其改性后的性质。XRD结果清楚地表明，随着蒙脱石含量(1200 ~ 1300强度)的增加，所有处理地块的矿物组成都发生了变化。此外，扫描电镜结果表明，处理地块的粘土颗粒已经絮凝，形成更紧密，更稳定的土壤结构。施用有机改进剂后，处理地块抗农业机械压力的机械强度提高到最佳水平(P2为50 kPa)。综上所述，本研究为探索一种比传统方法更有效、更经济的稻田软土修复方法提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Rubber bark dust-zeolite composite improved mechanic strength of soft paddy soil through improved microstructure","authors":"Muhammad Rendana, W. Idris, S. Abdul Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, T. Lihan","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56345","url":null,"abstract":"Soft paddy soils are not a stable soil structure that leads to the decline of rice production in Kedah, Malaysia. The soil had high compressibility and water content, and low soil strength thus the agricultural machines could not be operated above this soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the mechanical strength of soft soils in paddy fields using an organic amendment. The organic amendment used in this study was made from amended materials comprising clinoptilolite, kieserite, humic acid, and rubber bark dust. The study was carried out in the paddy field area of Alor Pudak district, Kedah, Malaysia, and it was divided into five treatments of amendment dose, i.e: 0 kg (control or P0), 125 kg (P1), 250 kg (P2), 375 kg (P3) and 500 kg (P4) with each plot size about 0.20 ha. The soil samples were then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test (UU-test) to characterize their amended properties. The XRD results clearly exhibited changes in the mineralogical composition of all treated plots with an increasing smectite content (1200 to 1300 intensity). Furthermore, the SEM results showed that clay particles in the treated plots have been flocculated to form close-knit, more stable soil structures. After the organic amendment application, the mechanical strength of the treated plots increased to an optimum level (50 kPa in P2) for resisting mechanical pressure from agricultural machinery. Overall, this study of the efficacy of organic amendment offers new insight into a soft paddy soil remediation method that is more effective and economical than the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74101249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.44476
A. Sodiq, M. Setiawati, D. Santosa, D. Widayat
Local microorganisms (MOL) are liquid fertilizers commonly used by farmers to help increase crop production. Beneficial microbes in MOL need to characterize their interactions and ability to produce growth drive compounds. The purpose of this research is to identify the superior microbial isolates from MOL made by farmers from Cibodas Lembang Bandung, Indonesia that can produce phytohormones as biofertilizers. The results of the microbial selection of MOL derived from three best microbes are 1A-2 NFB, 4A-1 NFB, and 4B-1 NFB with the ability to produce auxin, i.e., 19.41 ppm, 17.18 ppm, and 10.59 ppm, respectively. The compatibility test between the three isolates showed negative results so that it was possible to apply three microbes as a consortium. The results of a molecular identification with a 16S rRNA analysis indicate strain microbe 1A-2 NFB: Bacillus cereus (99.88% homology), 4A-1 NFB: Bacillus cereus (99.76% homology), and 4B-1 NFB: Lysinibacillus sp. (99.88% homology).
{"title":"Molecular identification of isolates from local microorganisms as potential biofertilizer","authors":"A. Sodiq, M. Setiawati, D. Santosa, D. Widayat","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.44476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.44476","url":null,"abstract":"Local microorganisms (MOL) are liquid fertilizers commonly used by farmers to help increase crop production. Beneficial microbes in MOL need to characterize their interactions and ability to produce growth drive compounds. The purpose of this research is to identify the superior microbial isolates from MOL made by farmers from Cibodas Lembang Bandung, Indonesia that can produce phytohormones as biofertilizers. The results of the microbial selection of MOL derived from three best microbes are 1A-2 NFB, 4A-1 NFB, and 4B-1 NFB with the ability to produce auxin, i.e., 19.41 ppm, 17.18 ppm, and 10.59 ppm, respectively. The compatibility test between the three isolates showed negative results so that it was possible to apply three microbes as a consortium. The results of a molecular identification with a 16S rRNA analysis indicate strain microbe 1A-2 NFB: Bacillus cereus (99.88% homology), 4A-1 NFB: Bacillus cereus (99.76% homology), and 4B-1 NFB: Lysinibacillus sp. (99.88% homology).","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83363093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.47974
Eka Widiawati Wijaya Kusuma, A. Maas, S. Utami, E. Maftuah
This study aims to assess the effect of rice husk biochar, raised beds, and chicken manure on the CO2 flux and shallot production on peatland. This study adopted a factorial randomized block design with three factors and three replications. The P1 treatment was recommended by the Swamp Land Agricultural Research Institute by adding chicken manure (5 ton ha−1) and rice husk biochar (5 ton ha−1) while the P2 treatment was recommended by the Vegetable Research Institute by adding chicken manure (10 ton ha−1). The raised beds heights were 20 cm (A) and 30 cm (B). Variance analyses were applied to each observation variable and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The P1A treatment was the best in improving the shallot production up to 10.88 tons and producing the lowest CO2 cumulative flux up to 0.158 ton ha-1 season-1.
本研究旨在评价稻壳生物炭、垄作床和鸡粪对泥炭地CO2通量和青葱产量的影响。本研究采用三因素、三个重复的因子随机区组设计。P1处理是沼泽地农业研究所推荐的添加鸡粪(5吨公顷−1)和稻壳生物炭(5吨公顷−1)的处理，P2处理是蔬菜研究所推荐的添加鸡粪(10吨公顷−1)的处理。抬高床高度分别为20 cm (A)和30 cm (B)。对每个观测变量进行方差分析，并在5%水平下进行Duncan's多元极差检验。P1A处理的青葱产量最高，达10.88 t, CO2累积通量最低，为0.158 t ha-1。
{"title":"Effects of rice husk biochar and raised bed on CO2 flux and shallot (Allium cepa L.) production on peatland","authors":"Eka Widiawati Wijaya Kusuma, A. Maas, S. Utami, E. Maftuah","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.47974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.47974","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the effect of rice husk biochar, raised beds, and chicken manure on the CO2 flux and shallot production on peatland. This study adopted a factorial randomized block design with three factors and three replications. The P1 treatment was recommended by the Swamp Land Agricultural Research Institute by adding chicken manure (5 ton ha−1) and rice husk biochar (5 ton ha−1) while the P2 treatment was recommended by the Vegetable Research Institute by adding chicken manure (10 ton ha−1). The raised beds heights were 20 cm (A) and 30 cm (B). Variance analyses were applied to each observation variable and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The P1A treatment was the best in improving the shallot production up to 10.88 tons and producing the lowest CO2 cumulative flux up to 0.158 ton ha-1 season-1.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76981724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56697
S. Kolesnikov, А. Timoshenko, T. Minnikova, T. Minkina, V. Rajput, K. Kazeev, M. Feizi, E. Fedorenko, S. Mandzhieva, S. Sushkova
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in many industrial fields because of their special properties. In this context, several questions arise related to possible negative consequences associated with nanoparticle (NPs) entrance into the ecosystem. The adsorption of NPs by soil can adversely influence its biological properties. In the present article, the influence of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of Arenosol is considered. Research aimed to study the effect of Cu, Zn, Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of sandy loam chernozem. Copper, Zn, and Ni NPs were added to the soil in concentrations of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg kg-1. The effect of NPs on the biological properties of Arenosol was evaluated after 10-day incubation. The biological indices of the ecological condition of the soil, including the germination of radish, the length of the roots, the bacteria population, Azotobacter sp. count, the catalase activity, and dehydrogenases were studied. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the degree of indices changes depending on the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs in the Arenosols. Microbiological characteristics (bacteria population, and Azotobacter sp. count) and phytotoxic feature (length of roots and radish germination) properties were most sensitive to contamination compared to the enzyme activity of Arenosol. Based on the soil integral index of a biological state, the strongest inhibitory effect on biological parameters of Arenosols relative to the control was exerted by Cu NPs (lower than control by 48-72%), while the greatest stability in Arenosol was found for Ni NPs (lower than control by 30-55%). The studied biological parameters allow characterizing the severity of nanoparticle exposure on Arenosols. Early diagnostics of the severity of soil contamination by NPs can be successfully used to quickly assess their impact on the soil condition and prevent possible adverse consequences.
{"title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of Zn, Cu and Ni based NPs contamination in Arenosols","authors":"S. Kolesnikov, А. Timoshenko, T. Minnikova, T. Minkina, V. Rajput, K. Kazeev, M. Feizi, E. Fedorenko, S. Mandzhieva, S. Sushkova","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.56697","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are increasingly used in many industrial fields because of their special properties. In this context, several questions arise related to possible negative consequences associated with nanoparticle (NPs) entrance into the ecosystem. The adsorption of NPs by soil can adversely influence its biological properties. In the present article, the influence of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of Arenosol is considered. Research aimed to study the effect of Cu, Zn, Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of sandy loam chernozem. Copper, Zn, and Ni NPs were added to the soil in concentrations of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg kg-1. The effect of NPs on the biological properties of Arenosol was evaluated after 10-day incubation. The biological indices of the ecological condition of the soil, including the germination of radish, the length of the roots, the bacteria population, Azotobacter sp. count, the catalase activity, and dehydrogenases were studied. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the degree of indices changes depending on the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs in the Arenosols. Microbiological characteristics (bacteria population, and Azotobacter sp. count) and phytotoxic feature (length of roots and radish germination) properties were most sensitive to contamination compared to the enzyme activity of Arenosol. Based on the soil integral index of a biological state, the strongest inhibitory effect on biological parameters of Arenosols relative to the control was exerted by Cu NPs (lower than control by 48-72%), while the greatest stability in Arenosol was found for Ni NPs (lower than control by 30-55%). The studied biological parameters allow characterizing the severity of nanoparticle exposure on Arenosols. Early diagnostics of the severity of soil contamination by NPs can be successfully used to quickly assess their impact on the soil condition and prevent possible adverse consequences.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78263911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.45788
Rahayu Rahayu, A. Herawati, Nur Faizaturrohmah
Investing in irrigation is very important and strategic in the context of water supply for agriculture. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most efficient irrigation technique and type of fertilizer to maximize the yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Alfisols. This study was a greenhouse pot experiment with a factorial completely randomized design with two factors consisting of four irrigation techniques (pottery, drip, 75% ETc manual, and 100% ETc manual) and types of fertilizers (without, organic, inorganic, mixed fertilizer). The results showed that pottery irrigation had the highest Nitrogen content in the soil and saved up to 50% water compared to 100% ETc. On the other hand, drip irrigation uses water of 75% ETc with similar plant yield results. The pottery irrigation was the most efficient irrigation method for growing tomato than 75% ETc manual irrigation, and 100% ETc manual irrigation with mixed fertilizers (I4P3) was the highest on tomato yield.
{"title":"Effects of Various Irrigation and Fertilizer on Water Efficiency and Tomato Yield (Solanum lycopersicum) in Alfisols","authors":"Rahayu Rahayu, A. Herawati, Nur Faizaturrohmah","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.45788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.45788","url":null,"abstract":"Investing in irrigation is very important and strategic in the context of water supply for agriculture. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most efficient irrigation technique and type of fertilizer to maximize the yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Alfisols. This study was a greenhouse pot experiment with a factorial completely randomized design with two factors consisting of four irrigation techniques (pottery, drip, 75% ETc manual, and 100% ETc manual) and types of fertilizers (without, organic, inorganic, mixed fertilizer). The results showed that pottery irrigation had the highest Nitrogen content in the soil and saved up to 50% water compared to 100% ETc. On the other hand, drip irrigation uses water of 75% ETc with similar plant yield results. The pottery irrigation was the most efficient irrigation method for growing tomato than 75% ETc manual irrigation, and 100% ETc manual irrigation with mixed fertilizers (I4P3) was the highest on tomato yield.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72861232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51500
L. M. H. Kilowasid, M. F. Sanjaya, L. Sabaruddin, R. Hasid, Darwis Sulaeman, A. Nurmas
Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers have the ability to create soil biostructures, with the capacity to save arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. This study therefore aims to investigate the AMF spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition, and to analyze the biostructures’ potential as a source of AMF inoculum on cocoa seedlings. In the first experiment, a combination of earthworms and ants composition, as well as a mixture of G. sepium leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD), was tested. Meanwhile, in the second experiment, the effect of biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown in unsterile soil,was examined. According to the results, the highest AMF spore density was obtained using 20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment. Furthermore, the total AMF spores were positively correlated with the total P value, but negatively correlated with the C/N ratio. Therefore, biostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and the cocoa seedling’s root infection. Furthermore, biostructures resulting from the collaborative activity between different soil fauna ecosystem engineers were able to transmit AMF spores to infected plant roots growing in non-sterile soil.
{"title":"The use of soil biostructures created by soil fauna ecosystem engineers fed with different organic matterials as inoculum source of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on cocoa seedling","authors":"L. M. H. Kilowasid, M. F. Sanjaya, L. Sabaruddin, R. Hasid, Darwis Sulaeman, A. Nurmas","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span lang=\"IN\">Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers </span><span>have the ability to </span><span lang=\"IN\">creat</span><span>e </span><span lang=\"IN\">soil biostructure</span><span>s, with the capacity to </span><span lang=\"IN\">sav</span><span>e</span><span lang=\"IN\"> arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. </span><span>This study therefore aims to </span><span lang=\"IN\">investigate the </span><span>AMF </span><span lang=\"IN\">spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition</span><span>,</span><span lang=\"IN\"> and to analyze the </span><span>biostructures’ </span><span lang=\"IN\">potential as a source of </span><span>AMF </span><span lang=\"IN\">inoculum on cocoa seedlings. </span><span>In the first experiment, a </span><span lang=\"IN\">combination of earthworms and ants composition</span><span>, as well as a </span><span lang=\"IN\">mixture of <em>G. sepium</em> leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD)</span><span>,</span><span lang=\"IN\"> was tested</span><span>. Meanwhile, </span><span lang=\"IN\">in the </span><span>second</span><span lang=\"IN\"> experiment</span><span>, t</span><span lang=\"IN\">he</span><span> effect of</span><span lang=\"IN\"> biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown </span><span>i</span><span lang=\"IN\">n unsterile soil</span><span>,was </span><span lang=\"IN\">examined</span><span>. According to the results, the highest</span><span lang=\"IN\"> AMF spore </span><span>density was obtained using </span><span lang=\"IN\">20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment</span><span>. Furthermore, the t</span><span lang=\"IN\">otal AMF spores </span><span>were </span><span lang=\"IN\">positively correlated</span><span> with the total P value, but negatively correlated </span><span lang=\"IN\">with </span><span>the </span><span lang=\"IN\">C/N ratio</span><span>. Therefore, bi</span><span lang=\"IN\">ostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and </span><span>the cocoa seedling’s </span><span lang=\"IN\">root infection</span><span>. Furthermore, </span><span lang=\"IN\">biostructure</span><span>s</span><span lang=\"IN\"> resulting from the collaborative activity </span><span>between</span><span lang=\"IN\"> different soil fauna ecosystem engineers </span><span>were able to transmit </span><span lang=\"IN\">AMF spore</span><span>s </span><span lang=\"IN\">to </span><span>infected </span><span lang=\"IN\">plant root</span><span>s</span><span lang=\"IN\"> growing </span><span>i</span><span lang=\"IN\">n non-sterile soil.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91235701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51325
Berhanu Dinssa, E. Elias
One of the most soil fertility management problems for crop production on acidic soils of the Ethiopian highlands is phosphorus fixation. The research was executed to assess the P-sorption capacity and to determine the external P requirement of different acidic soils in the Southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Phosphorus sorption capacity (Kf) and its relation with selected soil characteristics were assessed for some major agricultural soils in the Ethiopian highlands to answer the questions, ‘What are the amount of P-sorption capacity and external P requirement of Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols in Ethiopia?’. Twelve surface soil samples (at depth of 0-30 cm) were gathered and the P-sorption capacity was estimated. Phosphorus-sorption data were obtained by equilibrating 1 g of the 12 soil samples with 25 ml of KH2PO4 in 0.01 M CaCl2, having 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 mg P L-1 for 24 hours. The data were adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model and the relationship among P-sorption and soil characteristics was established by correlation analysis. Clay content and exchangeable acidity, organic matter, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides have affected phosphorus-sorption at a significance level of (P < 0.05). Alisols had the highest Kf value (413 mg kg-1) but Nitisols had the lowest Kf (280 mg kg-1). The external phosphorus fertilizer requirement of the soils was in the order of 25, 30, 32, and 26 mg P kg-1 for Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols sequentially. The Kf varies among different soil types of the study area. The magnitude of the soil’s Kf was affected by the pH of the soil, soil OM content, and oxides of Fe and Al. Therefore, knowledge of the soils’ P retention capacity is highly crucial to determine the correct rate of P fertilizer for crop production.
埃塞俄比亚高原酸性土壤作物生产中最主要的土壤肥力管理问题之一是固磷。本研究旨在评价埃塞俄比亚西南高原不同酸性土壤对磷的吸收能力，并确定其对外部磷的需要量。本文对埃塞俄比亚高原一些主要农业土壤的磷吸收能力(Kf)及其与选定土壤特征的关系进行了评估，以回答“埃塞俄比亚硝土、露土、阿利索土和安土的磷吸收能力和外部磷需要量是多少?”收集了12个表层土壤样品(深度为0-30 cm)，并估计了p的吸附能力。将12个土壤样品中的1 g与25 ml KH2PO4在0.01 M CaCl2中平衡，在0、30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240、270、300和330 mg cl -1中平衡24小时，获得磷的吸附数据。将数据调整为Freundlich吸附模型，并通过相关分析建立磷吸附与土壤特性之间的关系。粘土含量、交换酸度、有机质、Al2O3和Fe2O3氧化物对磷吸附的影响显著(P < 0.05)。alisol的Kf值最高(413 mg kg-1)，而nitisol的Kf值最低(280 mg kg-1)。土壤对硝土、绿土、土土和安土的外磷需用量依次为25、30、32和26 mg P kg-1。研究区不同土壤类型的Kf值存在差异。土壤Kf的大小受土壤pH值、土壤OM含量以及铁和铝氧化物的影响。因此，了解土壤的保磷能力对于确定作物生产所需的正确磷肥用量至关重要。
{"title":"Evaluation of phosphate sorption capacity and external phosphorus requirement of some agricultural soils of the southwestern Ethiopian highlands","authors":"Berhanu Dinssa, E. Elias","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.51325","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most soil fertility management problems for crop production on acidic soils of the Ethiopian highlands is phosphorus fixation. The research was executed to assess the P-sorption capacity and to determine the external P requirement of different acidic soils in the Southwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Phosphorus sorption capacity (Kf) and its relation with selected soil characteristics were assessed for some major agricultural soils in the Ethiopian highlands to answer the questions, ‘What are the amount of P-sorption capacity and external P requirement of Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols in Ethiopia?’. Twelve surface soil samples (at depth of 0-30 cm) were gathered and the P-sorption capacity was estimated. Phosphorus-sorption data were obtained by equilibrating 1 g of the 12 soil samples with 25 ml of KH2PO4 in 0.01 M CaCl2, having 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 mg P L-1 for 24 hours. The data were adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model and the relationship among P-sorption and soil characteristics was established by correlation analysis. Clay content and exchangeable acidity, organic matter, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides have affected phosphorus-sorption at a significance level of (P < 0.05). Alisols had the highest Kf value (413 mg kg-1) but Nitisols had the lowest Kf (280 mg kg-1). The external phosphorus fertilizer requirement of the soils was in the order of 25, 30, 32, and 26 mg P kg-1 for Nitisols, Luvisols, Alisols, and Andosols sequentially. The Kf varies among different soil types of the study area. The magnitude of the soil’s Kf was affected by the pH of the soil, soil OM content, and oxides of Fe and Al. Therefore, knowledge of the soils’ P retention capacity is highly crucial to determine the correct rate of P fertilizer for crop production.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82669240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53615
B. Udom, J. Ogunwole, C. Wokocha
Protection of soil organic carbon and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates in aggregate-size fractions is important for appraising soil degradation and aggregation under land use types. Aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates (R-CHO) in bulk soils and aggregate-size fractions of a sandy loam soil under Alchornea bush, Rubber, Oil palm and Teak plantations in southern Nigeria were studied. Results revealed significant differences in aggregate-associated SOC and R-CHO, bulk densities, total porosity, soil organic carbon stock and aggregate stability among the land use types. Greater SOC was stored in macro-aggregates >0.25 mm, while greater R-CHO was occluded in micro-aggregates <0.25 mm (p<0.05). The highest mean weight diameter (MWD) was 1.01 mm in Alchornea soils and 0.92 mm in Oil palm plantation at 0-15 cm topsoil. Soil organic carbon stock in 0-15 cm topsoil was 77.7, 81.8, 92.2, and 67.5 kg C ha-1 in Alchornea, Rubber, Oil palm, and Teak soils, respectively. Relationships showed a positive linear correlations between MWD and SOC (r = 0.793, p < 0.05) and R-CHO (r = 0.789. p < 0.05). Alchornea bush and Oil palm plantation increased macro-aggregate formation and macro-pores >5 µm, therefore they have greater potentials to boost protection of SOC in soil macro-aggregates.
{"title":"Aggregate characteristics and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon and carbohydrates of soils under contrasting tree land use","authors":"B. Udom, J. Ogunwole, C. Wokocha","doi":"10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i2.53615","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of soil organic carbon and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates in aggregate-size fractions is important for appraising soil degradation and aggregation under land use types. Aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates (R-CHO) in bulk soils and aggregate-size fractions of a sandy loam soil under Alchornea bush, Rubber, Oil palm and Teak plantations in southern Nigeria were studied. Results revealed significant differences in aggregate-associated SOC and R-CHO, bulk densities, total porosity, soil organic carbon stock and aggregate stability among the land use types. Greater SOC was stored in macro-aggregates >0.25 mm, while greater R-CHO was occluded in micro-aggregates <0.25 mm (p<0.05). The highest mean weight diameter (MWD) was 1.01 mm in Alchornea soils and 0.92 mm in Oil palm plantation at 0-15 cm topsoil. Soil organic carbon stock in 0-15 cm topsoil was 77.7, 81.8, 92.2, and 67.5 kg C ha-1 in Alchornea, Rubber, Oil palm, and Teak soils, respectively. Relationships showed a positive linear correlations between MWD and SOC (r = 0.793, p < 0.05) and R-CHO (r = 0.789. p < 0.05). Alchornea bush and Oil palm plantation increased macro-aggregate formation and macro-pores >5 µm, therefore they have greater potentials to boost protection of SOC in soil macro-aggregates.","PeriodicalId":36463,"journal":{"name":"Sains Tanah","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80789681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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