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2008 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium最新文献

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Second Order Pre-Integrated Volume Rendering 二阶预集成体绘制
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475453
Jean-François El Hajjar, Stéphane Marchesin, J. Dischler, C. Mongenet
In the field of Volume Rendering, the pre-integration of arbitrary transfer functions has certainly led to the most significant and convincing results both quality and performance wise, allowing high quality visualization on standard PC consumer graphics. By showing that the ideal scalar signal along the cast rays is better approximated by a succession of polynomial curves as opposed to linear segments, we propose a new method for pre-integrated volume rendering. This method is based on a second order polynomial interpolation of the scalar values, allowing it to converge more rapidly towards the integration of a volume reconstructed by a trilinear filter. This approach manages to capture the smoothness of the volume's details without the need of further ray resampling, and consequently succeeds in reducing the visual artefacts in comparison to previous techniques. Furthermore, we adapt an existing technique to compute our pre-integration tables using the GPU, thus making our approach suitable for transfer function manipulations.
在体绘制领域,任意传递函数的预集成无疑会在质量和性能方面带来最显著和最令人信服的结果,允许在标准PC消费图形上实现高质量的可视化。通过证明沿投射射线的理想标量信号用连续的多项式曲线比线性线段更好地逼近,我们提出了一种预集成体绘制的新方法。该方法基于标量值的二阶多项式插值,使其能够更快地收敛于由三线性滤波器重构的体积积分。这种方法设法捕捉体积细节的平滑性,而不需要进一步的射线重采样,因此与以前的技术相比,成功地减少了视觉伪影。此外,我们采用现有技术来使用GPU计算我们的预积分表,从而使我们的方法适用于传递函数操作。
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引用次数: 24
Multiple Views on System Traces 系统跟踪的多个视图
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475464
A. J. Pretorius, J. van Wijk
We present a new method for the visual analysis of multivariate system traces. Our method combines three perspectives: (1) a schematic diagram, (2) time series plots and (3) a state transition graph. After we show how these perspectives are related, we discuss their integration into a single solution for the visual analysis of multivariate system traces. The combination of the three perspectives provides the user with a rich analysis interface that enables gaining significant insight into system behavior. We illustrate some of the advantages of our approach by providing a real-world use case.
提出了一种多变量系统轨迹可视化分析的新方法。我们的方法结合了三个视角:(1)原理图,(2)时间序列图和(3)状态转移图。在展示了这些透视图是如何相关的之后,我们将讨论将它们集成到一个解决方案中,以便对多变量系统轨迹进行可视化分析。这三个透视图的组合为用户提供了丰富的分析界面,使用户能够获得对系统行为的重要洞察。我们通过提供一个真实的用例来说明我们的方法的一些优点。
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引用次数: 12
Effects of Crossing Angles 交叉角的影响
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475457
Weidong Huang, Seok-Hee Hong, P. Eades
In visualizing graphs as node-link diagrams, it is commonly accepted and employed as a general rule that the number of link crossings should be minimized whenever possible. However, little attention has been paid to how to handle the remaining crossings in the visualization. The study presented in this paper examines the effects of crossing angles on performance of path tracing tasks. It was found that the effect varied with the size of crossing angles. In particular, task response time decreased as the crossing angle increased. However, the rate of the decrease tended to level off when the angle was close to 90 degrees. One of the implications of this study in graph visualization is that just minimizing the crossing number is not sufficient to reduce the negative impact to the minimum. The angles of remaining crossings should be maximized as well.
在将图形可视化为节点-链接图时,通常接受并作为一般规则使用的是尽可能减少链接交叉点的数量。然而,很少有人关注如何处理可视化中剩余的交叉点。本文研究了交叉角对路径跟踪任务性能的影响。结果表明,该效应随交叉角的大小而变化。特别是,任务响应时间随着交叉角的增大而减小。然而,当角度接近90度时,下降的速度趋于平稳。本研究对图形可视化的启示之一是,仅仅最小化交叉次数不足以将负面影响减少到最小。剩余的十字路口的角度也应该最大化。
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引用次数: 125
Illustrative Streamline Placement and Visualization 说明性流线放置和可视化
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475462
Liya Li, Hsien-Hsi Hsieh, Han-Wei Shen
Inspired by the abstracting, focusing and explanatory qualities of diagram drawing in art, in this paper we propose a novel seeding strategy to generate representative and illustrative streamlines in 2D vector fields to enforce visual clarity and evidence. A particular focus of our algorithm is to depict the underlying flow patterns effectively and succinctly with a minimum set of streamlines. To achieve this goal, 2D distance fields are generated to encode the distances from each grid point in the field to the nearby streamlines. A local metric is derived to measure the dissimilarity between the vectors from the original field and an approximate field computed from the distance fields. A global metric is used to measure the dissimilarity between streamlines based on the local errors to decide whether to drop a new seed at a local point. This process is iterated to generate streamlines until no more streamlines can be found that are dissimilar to the existing ones. We present examples of images generated from our algorithm and report results from qualitative analysis and user studies.
受艺术中图表绘制的抽象性、聚焦性和解释性的启发,本文提出了一种新的播种策略,在二维矢量场中生成具有代表性和说明性的流线,以增强视觉清晰度和证据性。我们算法的一个特别重点是用最小的流线集有效而简洁地描述底层流模式。为了实现这一目标,生成2D距离字段,以编码字段中每个网格点到附近流线的距离。导出了一个局部度量来度量原始场的矢量与由距离场计算的近似场之间的不相似度。在局部误差的基础上,采用全局度量来度量流线之间的不相似性,以决定是否在局部点投放新的种子。迭代此过程以生成流线,直到没有发现与现有流线不同的流线为止。我们展示了由算法生成的图像示例,并报告了定性分析和用户研究的结果。
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引用次数: 63
Multi-resolution Volume Rendering of Large Time-Varying Data using Video-based Compression 基于视频压缩的大时变数据多分辨率体绘制
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475469
Chia-Lin Ko, Horng-Shyang Liao, Tsaipei Wang, Kuang-Wei Fu, Ching-Yao Lin, Jung-Hong Chuang
We present a new framework that combines the hierarchical multi-resolution representation with video-based compression to manage and render large scale time-varying data. In the preprocessing step, the proposed method first constructs a multi-resolution hierarchy using octree structure for each individual time step, and then applies a motion-compensation-based prediction to compress the octree nodes. During rendering stage, the data is decompressed on-the-fly and rendered using hardware texture mapping. The proposed approach eliminates the hierarchical decompression dependency commonly found in the conventional hierarchical wavelet representation methods, which leads to a more efficient reconstruction of data along the time axis. The system provides the user with a spatial region-of-interest (ROI) to adjust the spatial level-of-detail (LOD) selection, and a temporal ROI which is a sub-region only for frequent update during playback. With a suitable control of both ROIs, our system can reach an interactive playback frame rate. This allows the user to observe the dynamic nature of large time-varying data sets.
我们提出了一个新的框架,将分层多分辨率表示与基于视频的压缩相结合,以管理和呈现大规模时变数据。在预处理步骤中,该方法首先利用八叉树结构对每个时间步构建多分辨率层次结构,然后应用基于运动补偿的预测对八叉树节点进行压缩。在渲染阶段,数据被实时解压并使用硬件纹理映射进行渲染。该方法消除了传统分层小波表示方法中常见的分层解压缩依赖,从而可以沿着时间轴更有效地重建数据。该系统为用户提供了空间感兴趣区域(ROI)来调整空间细节水平(LOD)选择,以及时间感兴趣区域(ROI),这是在播放期间频繁更新的子区域。通过对两个roi的适当控制,我们的系统可以达到交互式播放帧率。这允许用户观察大型时变数据集的动态特性。
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引用次数: 16
Interactive Exploration of Remote Isosurfaces with Point-Based Non-Photorealistic Rendering 基于点的非真实感渲染的远程等值面的交互式探索
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475455
Guangfeng Ji, Han-Wei Shen, Jinzhu Gao
We present a non-photo realistic rendering technique for interactive exploration of isosurfaces generated from remote volumetric data. Instead of relying on the conventional smooth shading technique to render the isosurfaces, a point-based technique is used to represent and render the isosurfaces in a remote client-server environment. The non-photo realistic nature of the proposed rendering method enables the server to transmit only the essential surface features, which substantially reduces the network traffic. The algorithm also utilizes frame coherence and efficiently encodes the isosurface configuration inside each voxel cell to further minimize the network overhead. Finally, our algorithm can adjust the point distributions using different illumination settings to adapt to different network speeds.
我们提出了一种非照片逼真的渲染技术,用于从远程体积数据生成的等值面的交互式探索。在远程客户端-服务器环境中,使用基于点的技术来表示和呈现等值面,而不是依赖传统的光滑着色技术来呈现等值面。所提出的呈现方法的非照片真实感使服务器能够仅传输基本的表面特征,从而大大减少了网络流量。该算法还利用帧相干性,有效地对每个体素单元内的等值面结构进行编码,以进一步减少网络开销。最后,我们的算法可以使用不同的照明设置来调整点分布,以适应不同的网络速度。
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引用次数: 8
MobiVis: A Visualization System for Exploring Mobile Data MobiVis:一个用于探索移动数据的可视化系统
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475474
Zeqian Shen, K. Ma
The widespread use of mobile devices brings opportunities to capture large-scale, continuous information about human behavior. Mobile data has tremendous value, leading to business opportunities, market strategies, security concerns, etc. Visual analytics systems that support interactive exploration and discovery are needed to extracting insight from the data. However, visual analysis of complex social-spatial-temporal mobile data presents several challenges. We have created MobiVis, a visual analytics tool, which incorporates the idea of presenting social and spatial information in one heterogeneous network. The system supports temporal and semantic filtering through an interactive time chart and ontology graph, respectively, such that data subsets of interest can be isolated for close-up investigation. "Behavior rings," a compact radial representation of individual and group behaviors, is introduced to allow easy comparison of behavior patterns. We demonstrate the capability of MobiVis with the results obtained from analyzing the MIT Reality Mining dataset.
移动设备的广泛使用带来了捕捉大规模、连续的人类行为信息的机会。移动数据具有巨大的价值,可以带来商业机会、市场战略、安全问题等。从数据中提取洞察力需要支持交互式探索和发现的可视化分析系统。然而,复杂的社会-时空移动数据的可视化分析提出了几个挑战。我们已经创建了MobiVis,一个可视化分析工具,它融合了在一个异构网络中呈现社会和空间信息的想法。该系统分别通过交互式时间图和本体图支持时间和语义过滤,这样可以隔离感兴趣的数据子集以进行近距离研究。“行为环”是个体和群体行为的一种紧凑的径向表示,它可以方便地比较行为模式。我们通过分析MIT Reality Mining数据集获得的结果来展示MobiVis的能力。
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引用次数: 88
Importance-Driven Particle Techniques for Flow Visualization 流动可视化的重要驱动粒子技术
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475461
K. Bürger, P. Kondratieva, J. Krüger, R. Westermann
Particle tracing has been established as a powerful visualization technique to show the dynamics of 3D flows. Particle tracing in 3D, however, quickly overextends the viewer due to the massive amount of visual information that is typically produced by this technique. In this paper, we present strategies to reduce this amount at the same time revealing important structures in the flow. As an importance measure, we introduce a simple, yet effective clustering approach for vector fields, and we use scalar flow quantities at different scales in combination with user-defined regions of interest. These measures are used to control the shape, the appearance, and the density of particles in such a way that the user can focus on the dynamics in important regions at the same time preserving context information. We also introduce a new focus for particle tracing, so called anchor lines. Anchor lines are used to analyze local flow features by visualizing how much particles separate over time and how long it takes until they have separated to a fixed distance. It is of particular interest if the finite time Lyapunov exponent - a scalar quantity that measures the rate of separation of infinitesimally close particles in the flow - is used to guide the placement of anchor lines. The effectiveness of our approaches for the visualization of 3D flow fields is validated using synthetic fields as well as real simulation data.
粒子追踪已经成为一种强大的可视化技术来显示三维流动的动态。然而,由于这种技术通常产生大量的视觉信息,3D中的粒子跟踪很快就超出了观看者的范围。在本文中,我们提出了减少这一数量的策略,同时揭示了流中的重要结构。作为一种重要的度量,我们引入了一种简单而有效的向量场聚类方法,并使用不同尺度的标量流量与用户定义的感兴趣区域相结合。这些措施被用来控制形状、外观和粒子的密度,这样用户可以专注于重要区域的动态,同时保留上下文信息。我们还为粒子跟踪引入了一个新的焦点,即锚线。锚线用于分析局部流动特征,通过可视化颗粒随着时间的推移分离的数量以及它们分离到固定距离所需的时间。如果用有限时间李亚普诺夫指数——一种测量流动中无限小的紧密粒子的分离率的标量——来指导锚线的位置,这是特别有趣的。利用合成流场和真实仿真数据验证了我们的方法对三维流场可视化的有效性。
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引用次数: 35
Dynamic Shader Generation for Flexible Multi-Volume Visualization 动态着色器生成灵活的多体可视化
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475454
F. Rößler, R. Botchen, T. Ertl
Volume rendering of multiple intersecting volumetric objects is a difficult visualization task, especially if different rendering styles need to be applied to the components, in order to achieve the desired illustration effect. Real-time performance for even complex scenarios is obtained by exploiting the speed and flexibility of modern GPUs, but at the same time programming the necessary shaders turned into a task for GPU experts only. We foresee the demand for an intermediate level of programming abstraction where visualization specialists can realize advanced applications without the need to deal with shader programming intricacies. In this paper, we describe a generic technique for multi-volume rendering, which generates shader code dynamically from an abstract render graph. By combining pre-defined nodes, complex volume operations can be realized. Our system efficiently creates GPU-based fragment shader and vertex shader programs "on-the-fly" to achieve the desired visual results. We demonstrate the flexibility of our technique by applying several dynamically generated volume rendering styles to multi-modal medical datasets.
多个相交体体对象的体绘制是一项困难的可视化任务,特别是如果需要对组件应用不同的渲染样式,以达到理想的插图效果。通过利用现代GPU的速度和灵活性,即使是复杂场景的实时性能也可以获得,但同时编程必要的着色器变成了GPU专家的任务。我们预见到对中级编程抽象的需求,可视化专家可以实现高级应用程序,而无需处理复杂的着色器编程。在本文中,我们描述了一种用于多体渲染的通用技术,该技术可以从抽象渲染图动态生成着色器代码。通过组合预定义节点,可以实现复杂的卷操作。我们的系统有效地创建基于gpu的片段着色器和顶点着色器程序“实时”实现所需的视觉效果。我们通过将几个动态生成的体渲染样式应用于多模态医疗数据集来展示我们技术的灵活性。
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引用次数: 25
Pixelplexing: Gaining Display Resolution Through Time 像素复用:通过时间获得显示分辨率
Pub Date : 2008-03-05 DOI: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475472
James Shearer, Michael Ogawa, K. Ma, Toby Kohlenberg
Animation is frequently utilized to visually depict change in time- varying data sets. For this task, it is a natural fit. Yet explicit animation is rarely employed for static data. We discuss the use of animation to overcome three common limitations faced by information visualization applications in the context of small-display devices: constraints on the output display, limited interaction possibilities, and high data density. We provide concrete examples of applying animation to combat such limitations for four common visualization types: geospatial data, treemaps, parallel coordinate displays, and large graphs. Unlike previous work which examines animation for maintaining user orientation during view changes or for displaying data variables, we discuss animation's utility for multiplexing available screen space. In the context of constrained displays, we demonstrate its ability to effectively gain screen resolution, to quickly uncover trends, to help find unexpected data patterns, and to reduce visual clutter.
动画经常被用来直观地描述时变数据集的变化。对于这项任务,它是一个天然的合适人选。然而,显式动画很少用于静态数据。我们讨论了使用动画来克服在小型显示设备背景下信息可视化应用所面临的三个常见限制:对输出显示的约束、有限的交互可能性和高数据密度。我们提供了应用动画来克服四种常见可视化类型的限制的具体示例:地理空间数据、树图、并行坐标显示和大图形。不像以前的工作检查动画在视图变化期间保持用户方向或显示数据变量,我们讨论动画用于复用可用屏幕空间的实用程序。在受限显示的背景下,我们展示了它能够有效地获得屏幕分辨率,快速发现趋势,帮助找到意外的数据模式,并减少视觉混乱。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
2008 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium
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