Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6367
R. Vasundhara, Neeru Prakash, K. A. Kumar, R. Hegde
The present investigation was carried out to characterise the soils of areca based cropping systems considering soil type and agro-climatic variability. Ten typical soil profiles were studied representing five different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Karnataka, namely, Tumkur and Hesarghatta (Eastern Dry Zone), T. Narasipura and Maddur (Southern Dry Zone), H D Kote and Hassan (Southern Transition zone), Mudigere and Sirsi (Hilly Zone), and Belthangady and Kumata (Coastal Zone). These pedons were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties. The arecanut-growing soils of Karnataka are generally deep to very deep, non-gravelly and well-drained soils. Texture ranged from sandy clay loam to clay in sub-surface. Soils of coastal and hilly zones were strongly acidic and had high organic carbon. In contrast, other sites of the southern transition zone to southern and eastern dry zone soils were near neutral to moderately alkaline with medium to high organic carbon content. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 2.5 to 32.6 cmol (p+) kg-1 and base saturation varied from 21.9 to 99.6 per cent. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy were Rhodic Kanhaplustalfs, Typic Haplustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Typic Rhodustalfs, Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts, Ustic Kanhaplohumults, Kanhaplic Haplustults and Typic Paleustults.
{"title":"Characterisation and classification of arecanut-growing soils of Karnataka","authors":"R. Vasundhara, Neeru Prakash, K. A. Kumar, R. Hegde","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6367","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to characterise the soils of areca based cropping systems considering soil type and agro-climatic variability. Ten typical soil profiles were studied representing five different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Karnataka, namely, Tumkur and Hesarghatta (Eastern Dry Zone), T. Narasipura and Maddur (Southern Dry Zone), H D Kote and Hassan (Southern Transition zone), Mudigere and Sirsi (Hilly Zone), and Belthangady and Kumata (Coastal Zone). These pedons were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties. The arecanut-growing soils of Karnataka are generally deep to very deep, non-gravelly and well-drained soils. Texture ranged from sandy clay loam to clay in sub-surface. Soils of coastal and hilly zones were strongly acidic and had high organic carbon. In contrast, other sites of the southern transition zone to southern and eastern dry zone soils were near neutral to moderately alkaline with medium to high organic carbon content. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 2.5 to 32.6 cmol (p+) kg-1 and base saturation varied from 21.9 to 99.6 per cent. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy were Rhodic Kanhaplustalfs, Typic Haplustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Typic Rhodustalfs, Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts, Ustic Kanhaplohumults, Kanhaplic Haplustults and Typic Paleustults.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48561081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6375
C. K. Thankamani, K. Prathyusha, S. Hamza, K. Kandiannan
-
-
{"title":"Enhancement of rooting and growth of bush pepper by jeevamruthum and tender coconut water","authors":"C. K. Thankamani, K. Prathyusha, S. Hamza, K. Kandiannan","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6375","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6376
C. Thamban, S. Jayasekhar, K. Chandran, M. K. Rajesh
Neera the coconut inflorescence sap has been promoted as a potential value-added non-alcoholic beverage with abundant health benefits. The concerted effort of the stakeholder agencies could liberate the product from the policy regulations on its production under the excise act (known as ‘Abkari act’ in Kerala). Subsequently, the coconut producer federations (CPFs) in the State were granted licenses for ‘neera’ production and marketing. However, the majority of the CPFs discontinued the ‘neera’ enterprise, which they have initiated with greater enthusiasm. The present study is a modest attempt to trace the reasons for setbacks experienced in the ‘neera’ sector and also to provide a refined framework for revamping the sector. The details of licenses granted to the CPFs were sourced from the Department of Excise, Government of Kerala. The sample size of the study was 95 (13 CPFs who are still active and 82 CPFs who have discontinued). It was observed that the ‘neera’ value chain is in the evolving stage, and the withdrawal of the institutional support had detrimentally affected the confidence of the CPFs ventured into it. The availability of ‘neera’ technicians (tappers) and the high wage rates have evoked concerns on the profitability as well as the assurance of continuous supply of the product. The study categorically highlights the need for a restructured value chain of ‘neera’ with specific roles assigned to the stakeholders through the creation of functional linkages.
{"title":"Sustainability of Farmer Producer Organisations - The case of producer organisations involved in the production and marketing of ‘neera’ in the coconut sector","authors":"C. Thamban, S. Jayasekhar, K. Chandran, M. K. Rajesh","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6376","url":null,"abstract":"Neera the coconut inflorescence sap has been promoted as a potential value-added non-alcoholic beverage with abundant health benefits. The concerted effort of the stakeholder agencies could liberate the product from the policy regulations on its production under the excise act (known as ‘Abkari act’ in Kerala). Subsequently, the coconut producer federations (CPFs) in the State were granted licenses for ‘neera’ production and marketing. However, the majority of the CPFs discontinued the ‘neera’ enterprise, which they have initiated with greater enthusiasm. The present study is a modest attempt to trace the reasons for setbacks experienced in the ‘neera’ sector and also to provide a refined framework for revamping the sector. The details of licenses granted to the CPFs were sourced from the Department of Excise, Government of Kerala. The sample size of the study was 95 (13 CPFs who are still active and 82 CPFs who have discontinued). It was observed that the ‘neera’ value chain is in the evolving stage, and the withdrawal of the institutional support had detrimentally affected the confidence of the CPFs ventured into it. The availability of ‘neera’ technicians (tappers) and the high wage rates have evoked concerns on the profitability as well as the assurance of continuous supply of the product. The study categorically highlights the need for a restructured value chain of ‘neera’ with specific roles assigned to the stakeholders through the creation of functional linkages.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48921507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-27DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6365
E. Eradasappa, J. D. Adiga, G. Mohana
Hybrid vigour and assessment of genetic variability for important growth characters and yield traits in cashew were studied in eight cashew hybrids. The analysis of variance for the phenotypic data for 12 characters revealed significant variation among the genotypes except for tree spread, flowering laterals per m2, non-flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. The highest nut weight was observed in H-125 (12.07 g) whereas the lowest was in H-2452 (5.08 g). The maximum nut yield was noticed in hybrid H-126 with 5.96 kg tree-1 while NRCC Selection-2 recorded lowest with 0.53 kg tree-1. The standard heterosis over two checks, bold nut check (NRCC Sel-2) and high yielding check (Bhaskara) and variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were estimated. For nut weight, standard heterosis over bold nut check varied from -34.54 to 55.54 per cent and six out of eight hybrids viz., H-43, H-66, H-68, H-125, H-126 and H-2473 showed significant and positive standard heterosis. Standard heterosis over the high yielding check, varied from -38.93 to 300 per cent and it was significant and positive in two hybrids viz., H-126 and H-125 with 300 per cent and 214.09 per cent, respectively. The hybrid vigour was not significant for trunk girth, tree height, tree spread, number of flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. Notably, five hybrids presented more than 20 per cent standard heterosis for nut weight over bold nut check which may serve as a useful source of breeding material. Two hybrids viz., H-125 and H-126 showed good hybrid vigour for nut weight and yield over two checks and thus have been inducted into multi-location trials and also under consideration for release.
以8个腰果杂交种为材料，研究了腰果重要生长性状和产量性状的杂交活力和遗传变异评价。对12个性状的表型数据进行方差分析，除树展、开花侧枝数/ m2、不开花侧枝数/ m2和性别比外，各基因型间存在显著差异。其中，H-125籽粒重最高，为12.07 g, H-2452籽粒重最低，为5.08 g。杂交品种H-126籽粒产量最高，为5.96 kg tree-1, NRCC选择2籽粒产量最低，为0.53 kg tree-1。估计了粗坚果检验(NRCC Sel-2)和高产检验(Bhaskara)两种检验的标准杂种优势以及基因型变异系数、表型变异系数、广义遗传力和遗传进步等变异参数。果仁重方面，标准杂种优势在- 34.54% ~ 55.54%之间变化，8个杂交组合中有6个(H-43、H-66、H-68、H-125、H-126和H-2473)表现出显著的正标准杂种优势。高产对照的标准杂种优势从- 38.93%到300%不等，其中H-126和H-125的杂种优势分别为300%和214.09%。在树干周长、树高、树展、每m2开花侧枝数和性别比上杂种优势不显著。值得注意的是，5个杂交种在果仁重方面的标准杂种优势超过果仁重标准杂种优势20%以上，这可能是一个有用的育种材料来源。两个杂交种，即H-125和H-126，在两次检查中显示出良好的坚果重量和产量，因此已被引入多地点试验，也正在考虑释放。
{"title":"Hybrid vigour and variability for key growth characters and yield in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)","authors":"E. Eradasappa, J. D. Adiga, G. Mohana","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6365","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid vigour and assessment of genetic variability for important growth characters and yield traits in cashew were studied in eight cashew hybrids. The analysis of variance for the phenotypic data for 12 characters revealed significant variation among the genotypes except for tree spread, flowering laterals per m2, non-flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. The highest nut weight was observed in H-125 (12.07 g) whereas the lowest was in H-2452 (5.08 g). The maximum nut yield was noticed in hybrid H-126 with 5.96 kg tree-1 while NRCC Selection-2 recorded lowest with 0.53 kg tree-1. The standard heterosis over two checks, bold nut check (NRCC Sel-2) and high yielding check (Bhaskara) and variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were estimated. For nut weight, standard heterosis over bold nut check varied from -34.54 to 55.54 per cent and six out of eight hybrids viz., H-43, H-66, H-68, H-125, H-126 and H-2473 showed significant and positive standard heterosis. Standard heterosis over the high yielding check, varied from -38.93 to 300 per cent and it was significant and positive in two hybrids viz., H-126 and H-125 with 300 per cent and 214.09 per cent, respectively. The hybrid vigour was not significant for trunk girth, tree height, tree spread, number of flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. Notably, five hybrids presented more than 20 per cent standard heterosis for nut weight over bold nut check which may serve as a useful source of breeding material. Two hybrids viz., H-125 and H-126 showed good hybrid vigour for nut weight and yield over two checks and thus have been inducted into multi-location trials and also under consideration for release.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i1.6219
A. A. Cariappa, B. Chandel
During the 1950s, India was the major player in the pepper market. Recently India has dropped to 4th position in production and exports. The price per kilogram of pepper in Cochin market reduced from ` 687 to ` 383 between 2014-15 and 2018-19. This manuscript attempts to study the reasons for the decline in India’s share in world pepper market and the recent fall in prices. The secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank World Integrated Trade Solutions, Reserve Bank of India and Spices Board of India were used for analysis. Transitional probability matrix was deployed to analyse the change in the direction of trade, relative comparative advantage and competitive index was used to study India’s market power in the international market. There has been a change in the direction of trade since 1999-2000. The results revealed a four per cent decline in area under pepper during 2000-2018, and now Indian pepper market has become import oriented with a CAGR in imports of 13 per cent during 1981 to 2000 and four per cent during 2001 to 2016. A similar trend was observed in production and exports as it got reduced from 25 per cent and 20 per cent in 1960s to ten per cent and five per cent respectively, in 2016. Increased supply in the international market, decreased production, cheaper imports and illegal imports have pulled down the domestic prices sharply in recent years. From 1995, workers’ wages have increased by around 10 per cent, and with decreasing prices, the Indian pepper industry looks grim. Appropriate policies to safeguard Indian farmers’ interest, such as export promotions, increasing productivity, delivering reasonable prices and incentives for processors would instil confidence in the farming community and the industry as a whole.
{"title":"Why are the pepper prices declining? An analysis of changing production and trade scenario in India","authors":"A. A. Cariappa, B. Chandel","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i1.6219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i1.6219","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1950s, India was the major player in the pepper market. Recently India has dropped to 4th position in production and exports. The price per kilogram of pepper in Cochin market reduced from ` 687 to ` 383 between 2014-15 and 2018-19. This manuscript attempts to study the reasons for the decline in India’s share in world pepper market and the recent fall in prices. The secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank World Integrated Trade Solutions, Reserve Bank of India and Spices Board of India were used for analysis. Transitional probability matrix was deployed to analyse the change in the direction of trade, relative comparative advantage and competitive index was used to study India’s market power in the international market. There has been a change in the direction of trade since 1999-2000. The results revealed a four per cent decline in area under pepper during 2000-2018, and now Indian pepper market has become import oriented with a CAGR in imports of 13 per cent during 1981 to 2000 and four per cent during 2001 to 2016. A similar trend was observed in production and exports as it got reduced from 25 per cent and 20 per cent in 1960s to ten per cent and five per cent respectively, in 2016. Increased supply in the international market, decreased production, cheaper imports and illegal imports have pulled down the domestic prices sharply in recent years. From 1995, workers’ wages have increased by around 10 per cent, and with decreasing prices, the Indian pepper industry looks grim. Appropriate policies to safeguard Indian farmers’ interest, such as export promotions, increasing productivity, delivering reasonable prices and incentives for processors would instil confidence in the farming community and the industry as a whole.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5784
E. Saneera, Chandrika Mohan, S. Santhosh, S. Thube
Arecanut, Areca catechu Linn. (Family: pockets of Karnataka and Kerala (Nair and Arecaceae) is an important commercial crop which Rawther, 1969). The infestation is manifested as contributes to the economy of 16 million peasants bore holes on the inflorescence with webbed or in India; for a majority among them, the income damaged rachillae and female flowers (Fig. 1 A & from arecanut based industries is the sole means of B). Infestation by slug, Mariaella dussumieri Gray livelihood. Considering the global scenario, India (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) predisposes the palm ranks first in the area (473.33 thousand hectares) to the attack of inflorescence caterpillar, as the adult and production (705.60 thousand tonnes) of moths oviposit through bore holes on the spathe arecanut (Chowdappa and Cherian, 2016). In India, made by slugs. The emerging larvae gregariously the cultivation of arecanut is primarily restricted to feed on the male flowers and rachillae. Moreover, the foot hills of Western Ghats (Karnataka and larvae bore into the buttons or developing nuts Kerala) and North East states like Assam, West during severe infestation and thereby delay the Bengal Meghalaya and Mizoram. opening of the infested inflorescence.
{"title":"First report of two chalcidoids parasitizing arecanut inflorescence caterpillar, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Karnataka, India","authors":"E. Saneera, Chandrika Mohan, S. Santhosh, S. Thube","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5784","url":null,"abstract":"Arecanut, Areca catechu Linn. (Family: pockets of Karnataka and Kerala (Nair and Arecaceae) is an important commercial crop which Rawther, 1969). The infestation is manifested as contributes to the economy of 16 million peasants bore holes on the inflorescence with webbed or in India; for a majority among them, the income damaged rachillae and female flowers (Fig. 1 A & from arecanut based industries is the sole means of B). Infestation by slug, Mariaella dussumieri Gray livelihood. Considering the global scenario, India (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) predisposes the palm ranks first in the area (473.33 thousand hectares) to the attack of inflorescence caterpillar, as the adult and production (705.60 thousand tonnes) of moths oviposit through bore holes on the spathe arecanut (Chowdappa and Cherian, 2016). In India, made by slugs. The emerging larvae gregariously the cultivation of arecanut is primarily restricted to feed on the male flowers and rachillae. Moreover, the foot hills of Western Ghats (Karnataka and larvae bore into the buttons or developing nuts Kerala) and North East states like Assam, West during severe infestation and thereby delay the Bengal Meghalaya and Mizoram. opening of the infested inflorescence.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46568157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5776
K. Kumar, H. P. Maheswarappa
Carbon sequestration plays a major role in mitigating climate change by converting atmospheric carbon into long lived wood biomass and soil carbon pool. The present investigation emphasizes sequestration of above ground and soil carbon stock of coconut based cropping systems under integrated nutrient management (INM) practices. The experiment was conducted with three cropping sequences of vegetable crops as intercrops in coconut garden under four different integrated nutrient management practices in FRBD with five replications during 2012 to 2014 at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Arasikere, Hassan District, Karnataka -1 (India). The incremental increase in the carbon sequestration by palms after two years was to the tune of 3.01 t ha under intercropping -1 system compared to 2.31 t ha recorded under the monocropping system. Baby corn-gherkin sequence recorded significantly the -1 -1 highest soil carbon stock i.e., 19.17 Mg C ha and 20.43 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm depth during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. Among the INM practices, soil carbon stock was significantly the highest in treatment with 5 tonne FYM + 50 per cent N as vermicompost + 50 -1 -1 per cent N as CCP + vermiwash spray + Azotobacter (21.16 Mg C ha and 20.95 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, -1 -1 respectively) and the lowest was in inorganic fertilizer alone (17.94 Mg C ha and 17.96 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively). A significant difference was observed in the soil carbon pool potential due to interaction of the cropping sequence and INM practices and it was the highest under green manure–cucumber sequence coupled with application of 5 t FYM + 50 per cent N as Vermicompost + 50 per cent N as composted coir pith (CCP) + Vermiwash spray + Azotobacter at 0-30 cm depth (21.49 -1 -1 mg C ha and 19.81 mg C ha during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively).
碳固存通过将大气碳转化为长寿木材生物量和土壤碳库，在缓解气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。本研究强调在综合营养管理（INM）实践下，椰子种植系统的地上和土壤碳储量的封存。2012年至2014年，在卡纳塔克邦-1（印度）哈桑区Arasikere园艺研究和推广站，在FRBD的四种不同的综合营养管理实践下，在椰子园中以三种蔬菜作物作为间作作物进行了试验，并进行了五次重复。两年后，在间作-1系统下，棕榈树的碳固存增量增加了3.01吨公顷，而在单作系统下为2.31吨公顷。在2012-13年和2013-14年期间，小黄瓜序列显著记录了-1-1最高的土壤碳储量，即在0-30厘米深度分别为19.17 Mg C ha和20.43 Mg C ha。在INM实践中，土壤碳储量显著最高的是5吨FYM+50%N作为蚯蚓堆肥+50-1%N作为CCP+蚯蚓清洗喷雾+固氮菌处理（2012-13年和2013-14年，0-30厘米处分别为21.16 Mg C ha和20.95 Mg C公顷，-1-1），而最低的是单独的无机肥料（2012-13和2013-14年间，0-30 cm处分别为17.94 Mg C ha和17.96 Mg Cha）.由于种植顺序和INM实践的相互作用，土壤碳库潜力存在显著差异，在绿肥-黄瓜顺序下，施用5 t FYM+50%N作为Vermicopost+50%N为堆肥椰髓（CCP）+Vermiwash喷雾+氮唑菌（0-30 cm深）的土壤碳库潜能最高（2012-13年和2013-14年期间，分别为21.49-1-1 mg C ha和19.81 mg C ha）。
{"title":"Carbon sequestration potential of coconut based cropping systems under integrated nutrient management practices","authors":"K. Kumar, H. P. Maheswarappa","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5776","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon sequestration plays a major role in mitigating climate change by converting atmospheric carbon into long lived wood biomass and soil carbon pool. The present investigation emphasizes sequestration of above ground and soil carbon stock of coconut based cropping systems under integrated nutrient management (INM) practices. The experiment was conducted with three cropping sequences of vegetable crops as intercrops in coconut garden under four different integrated nutrient management practices in FRBD with five replications during 2012 to 2014 at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Arasikere, Hassan District, Karnataka -1 (India). The incremental increase in the carbon sequestration by palms after two years was to the tune of 3.01 t ha under intercropping -1 system compared to 2.31 t ha recorded under the monocropping system. Baby corn-gherkin sequence recorded significantly the -1 -1 highest soil carbon stock i.e., 19.17 Mg C ha and 20.43 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm depth during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. Among the INM practices, soil carbon stock was significantly the highest in treatment with 5 tonne FYM + 50 per cent N as vermicompost + 50 -1 -1 per cent N as CCP + vermiwash spray + Azotobacter (21.16 Mg C ha and 20.95 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, -1 -1 respectively) and the lowest was in inorganic fertilizer alone (17.94 Mg C ha and 17.96 Mg C ha at 0-30 cm, during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively). A significant difference was observed in the soil carbon pool potential due to interaction of the cropping sequence and INM practices and it was the highest under green manure–cucumber sequence coupled with application of 5 t FYM + 50 per cent N as Vermicompost + 50 per cent N as composted coir pith (CCP) + Vermiwash spray + Azotobacter at 0-30 cm depth (21.49 -1 -1 mg C ha and 19.81 mg C ha during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively).","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45764367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5774
R. Avinash
A study was carried out to characterize and classify major coconut-growing soils of southern Karnataka and to evaluate the suitability of these soils for coconut cultivation. Seven locations were selected on the map of coconut-growing areas in southern Karnataka and delineated based on the variability of agro-climate with the help of land resource map and report of Karnataka state, generated at 1: 2,50,000 scale by ICAR-NBSSLUP. The regions included Hosadurga (central dry zone), Gubbi and Turuvekere (eastern dry zone), Krishnarajapet (southern dry zone), Arasikere (southern transition zone), Belthangadi and Brahmavara (coastal zone) representing the density of coconut-growing areas in different agro-climatic zones. Soil profiles were studied at these selected sites. The coconut growing soils of southern Karnataka are generally deep, gravelly and well drained, sandy clay loam to clayey in texture with good structure. Soils of high rainfall areas of Belthangadi and Brahmavara were strongly acidic and rich in soil organic carbon, whereas other locations of sub-humid to semi-arid were near neutral to moderately alkaline soils with medium organic carbon content. Cation Exchange Capacity and base saturation were very low in coastal red and lateritic coconut soils and ranged from medium to high in other areas. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy are Rhodic Kanhaplustults, Ustic Kandihumults, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Typic Rhodustalfs and Vertic Haplustepts.
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Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5765
E. Eradasappa, G. Mohana
To address the issues of presence of self-incompatibility and extent of self and cross-pollination in cashew, studies were carried out employing eight cultivars and four types of pollinations viz ., self-pollination, geitonogamy, hand self-pollination, hand cross-pollination. Observations on percentages of initial fruit set, final fruit set, fruit shed as well as total fruit set were recorded. The cultivars differed significantly for all the traits studied. In hand self-pollination, initial fruit set varied from 7.97 to 17.03 per cent. The final fruit set ranged from 10.47 to 3.13 per cent. The fruit shed varied from 9.53 to 1.85 per cent. The total final fruit set varied from 12.50 per cent (NRCC Sel-2) to 41.88 per cent (Ullal-3). In hand cross-pollination, the initial fruit set varied from 9.30 to 18.83 per cent. The final fruit set ranged from 3.77 to 7.90 per cent and the fruit shed varied from 4.12 to 15.06 per cent. The total final fruit set ranged from 15.06 per cent (Priyanka) to 31.58 per cent (NRCC Sel-2). Cultivar, Ullal-3 showed more fruit set in self-pollination and geitonogamy. All the varieties were found to be self- compatible and hence self-incompatibility does not seem to operate in cashew. Six varieties were cross-compatible and two were partially cross-compatible as female parents. The study indicated that self as well as cross-pollination play significant roles in fruit set in cashew. The estimates of heritability in broad sense and genetic advance for final fruit set were high in self- pollination and geitonogamy, high and moderate in hand self and cross-pollinations.
{"title":"Investigations on self-compatibility and extent of self and cross pollination in cashew","authors":"E. Eradasappa, G. Mohana","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I2.5765","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issues of presence of self-incompatibility and extent of self and cross-pollination in cashew, studies were carried out employing eight cultivars and four types of pollinations viz ., self-pollination, geitonogamy, hand self-pollination, hand cross-pollination. Observations on percentages of initial fruit set, final fruit set, fruit shed as well as total fruit set were recorded. The cultivars differed significantly for all the traits studied. In hand self-pollination, initial fruit set varied from 7.97 to 17.03 per cent. The final fruit set ranged from 10.47 to 3.13 per cent. The fruit shed varied from 9.53 to 1.85 per cent. The total final fruit set varied from 12.50 per cent (NRCC Sel-2) to 41.88 per cent (Ullal-3). In hand cross-pollination, the initial fruit set varied from 9.30 to 18.83 per cent. The final fruit set ranged from 3.77 to 7.90 per cent and the fruit shed varied from 4.12 to 15.06 per cent. The total final fruit set ranged from 15.06 per cent (Priyanka) to 31.58 per cent (NRCC Sel-2). Cultivar, Ullal-3 showed more fruit set in self-pollination and geitonogamy. All the varieties were found to be self- compatible and hence self-incompatibility does not seem to operate in cashew. Six varieties were cross-compatible and two were partially cross-compatible as female parents. The study indicated that self as well as cross-pollination play significant roles in fruit set in cashew. The estimates of heritability in broad sense and genetic advance for final fruit set were high in self- pollination and geitonogamy, high and moderate in hand self and cross-pollinations.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5534
S. Jayasekhar, K. Chandran, C. Thamban, K. Muralidharan
Of late, Indian coconut sector is facing unprecedented crises on account of various macro and micro level factors. The productivity of the crop is constrained by low input use efficiency in conjunction with other biotic and abiotic stresses, which are priority areas of research. The aspect of mechanization also deserves adequate importance, considering the scarcity of skilled labour. Above all, the most important facet is value addition, which should be strengthened to mitigate the issue of low profitability of the sector. The postWorld Trade Agreement (WTA) and ASEAN Treaty regime witnessed integration of plantation economies across the globe that resulted in fierce competition among producing countries. This paper addresses the pertinent issues on various facets of coconut economy by employing appropriate economic tools of analysis. The facets covered include trade aspects, global competitiveness, production economics, price analysis, policy level impediments and marketing issues. We have found that as far as the export markets of coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. However, in recent times, Indian export sector has become vibrant with very high growth rate since Coconut Development Board (CDB) has been upgraded to the status of Export Promotion Council (EPC). Indian coconut sector has huge domestic demand, comparatively higher productivity, strong research support and technology delivery systems. In spite of these positive aspects, concerted efforts are lacking to effectively utilize the possible linkages between them for increasing the production and marketing efficiencies and enter the high value global chains. Sustainable coconut economy could only be achieved through integrated development of cultivation and industry coupled with a stable market.
{"title":"Coconut sector in India experiencing a new regime of trade and policy environment: A critical analysis","authors":"S. Jayasekhar, K. Chandran, C. Thamban, K. Muralidharan","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2019.V47.I1.5534","url":null,"abstract":"Of late, Indian coconut sector is facing unprecedented crises on account of various macro and micro level factors. The productivity of the crop is constrained by low input use efficiency in conjunction with other biotic and abiotic stresses, which are priority areas of research. The aspect of mechanization also deserves adequate importance, considering the scarcity of skilled labour. Above all, the most important facet is value addition, which should be strengthened to mitigate the issue of low profitability of the sector. The postWorld Trade Agreement (WTA) and ASEAN Treaty regime witnessed integration of plantation economies across the globe that resulted in fierce competition among producing countries. This paper addresses the pertinent issues on various facets of coconut economy by employing appropriate economic tools of analysis. The facets covered include trade aspects, global competitiveness, production economics, price analysis, policy level impediments and marketing issues. We have found that as far as the export markets of coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. However, in recent times, Indian export sector has become vibrant with very high growth rate since Coconut Development Board (CDB) has been upgraded to the status of Export Promotion Council (EPC). Indian coconut sector has huge domestic demand, comparatively higher productivity, strong research support and technology delivery systems. In spite of these positive aspects, concerted efforts are lacking to effectively utilize the possible linkages between them for increasing the production and marketing efficiencies and enter the high value global chains. Sustainable coconut economy could only be achieved through integrated development of cultivation and industry coupled with a stable market.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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