N. Sharifi, M. Hashemian, Zahra Rahimi, H. Joveini, A. Mehri, R. Shahrabadi, V. Rahmanian
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on improving the preventive behaviors of fatty liver in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Bardaskan using the protection motivation theory (PMT). Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on women aged 18-59 in Bardaskan in 2020. The sample size was determined as 128 according to the suggestion (Cohen), including 64 experimental and 64 control samples. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three parts (demographic variables, constructs of PMT, and fatty liver prevention behaviors). The educational intervention for the experimental group was performed in 12 one-hour sessions over 4 weeks using lectures, group discussions, questions and answers, brainstorming, substitution experiences, and delivery of the designed educational booklet. Two months after the completion of the educational intervention, the questionnaire was completed again by all participants. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t test, paired t test, ANCOVA test, and linear regression test. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean scores of perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P=0.002), perceived external and internal rewards (P=0.010), response efficiency (P=0.010), perceived cost (P<0.001), and behavior (P=0.028) between the experimental and control groups after the educational intervention. Conclusion: Educational intervention based on PMT led to behavior modifications to promote the preventive behaviors of the fatty liver.
{"title":"Educational Intervention in Promoting Fatty Liver Preventive Behaviors in Women: Using the Protection Motivation Theory","authors":"N. Sharifi, M. Hashemian, Zahra Rahimi, H. Joveini, A. Mehri, R. Shahrabadi, V. Rahmanian","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on improving the preventive behaviors of fatty liver in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Bardaskan using the protection motivation theory (PMT). Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on women aged 18-59 in Bardaskan in 2020. The sample size was determined as 128 according to the suggestion (Cohen), including 64 experimental and 64 control samples. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three parts (demographic variables, constructs of PMT, and fatty liver prevention behaviors). The educational intervention for the experimental group was performed in 12 one-hour sessions over 4 weeks using lectures, group discussions, questions and answers, brainstorming, substitution experiences, and delivery of the designed educational booklet. Two months after the completion of the educational intervention, the questionnaire was completed again by all participants. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t test, paired t test, ANCOVA test, and linear regression test. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean scores of perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P=0.002), perceived external and internal rewards (P=0.010), response efficiency (P=0.010), perceived cost (P<0.001), and behavior (P=0.028) between the experimental and control groups after the educational intervention. Conclusion: Educational intervention based on PMT led to behavior modifications to promote the preventive behaviors of the fatty liver.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Shahraki, H. Ansari, H. Okatialiabad, Gholamreza Masoudy
Background: Office workers are high-risk populations for their sedentary behavior and its related diseases. This study examined the structured intervention on physical activities in employees. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 189 participants were allocated to two experimental and control groups using the multistage random sampling method. Data were collected through the short form of an international physical activity questionnaire, and a structured researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and questions related to the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The experimental group contributed to four training sessions and four practical walking meetings. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using independent t test, chi-square, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention regarding the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, physical activity, and demographic variables (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and physical activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that TPB is a suitable framework for designing physical activity interventions among office workers.
{"title":"The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Physical Activities Among Employees","authors":"J. Shahraki, H. Ansari, H. Okatialiabad, Gholamreza Masoudy","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Office workers are high-risk populations for their sedentary behavior and its related diseases. This study examined the structured intervention on physical activities in employees. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 189 participants were allocated to two experimental and control groups using the multistage random sampling method. Data were collected through the short form of an international physical activity questionnaire, and a structured researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and questions related to the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The experimental group contributed to four training sessions and four practical walking meetings. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using independent t test, chi-square, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention regarding the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, physical activity, and demographic variables (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and physical activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that TPB is a suitable framework for designing physical activity interventions among office workers.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fear of falling is one of the factors that threaten the quality of life in old age and increases the risk of falling by limiting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training on the efficacy of fear of falling and the rate of falling in older women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 aging women with a fear of falling were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. The intervention group received 10 sessions of 1-hour balance exercise, along with training in falling prevention strategies, but the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire and the new elderly health services package of the Ministry of Health of Iran. Fear of falling was evaluated as the primary outcome 1 month and 3 months after balance training, and frequency of falling was assessed as a secondary outcome one year after the intervention. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, independent t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that the mean score of fear of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group 1 month (P = 0.005) and 3 months (P < 0.001) after balance training. The mean score of fear of falling in the control group represented no significant difference between the three times (P = 0.64). Finally, one year after the balance training, the frequency of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower in comparison to the control group (P = 0.035). Conclusion: A balance training program is recommended as a preventive approach for reducing the frequency of falling in older women.
{"title":"Impact of Balance Training on Fear of Falling and Fall Rate in Older Women","authors":"Raheleh Soleimani, Homeira Alvandi, Nastaran Azari, Marziyeh Mobasheri, A. Hasanzadeh, Fahimeh Bagherikholenjani","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fear of falling is one of the factors that threaten the quality of life in old age and increases the risk of falling by limiting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training on the efficacy of fear of falling and the rate of falling in older women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 aging women with a fear of falling were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. The intervention group received 10 sessions of 1-hour balance exercise, along with training in falling prevention strategies, but the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire and the new elderly health services package of the Ministry of Health of Iran. Fear of falling was evaluated as the primary outcome 1 month and 3 months after balance training, and frequency of falling was assessed as a secondary outcome one year after the intervention. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, independent t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that the mean score of fear of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group 1 month (P = 0.005) and 3 months (P < 0.001) after balance training. The mean score of fear of falling in the control group represented no significant difference between the three times (P = 0.64). Finally, one year after the balance training, the frequency of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower in comparison to the control group (P = 0.035). Conclusion: A balance training program is recommended as a preventive approach for reducing the frequency of falling in older women.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45861113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mehri, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Abolfazl Davarzani, H. Barati, H. Joveini, R. Shahrabadi, M. Hashemian
Background: Considering the influential role of teaching safe behaviors in preventing accidents and injuries, this study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model on promoting safe motorcycle riding behaviors in male students at Sabzevar University. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 motorcyclist students at Sabzevar University selected using two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018. After confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was completed three times before, immediately, and two months after the educational intervention. The intervention group was held in 9 educational sessions for three weeks. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software using t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures tests. Results: The mean scores of PMT and IMB and safe behaviors of students in the intervention group immediately and two months after the educational intervention compared to the control group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). The mean scores of the studied constructs and safe behaviors in the intervention group had also a statistically significant change over time (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate the effect of educational intervention based on PMT and IMB on promoting safe behaviors in young students. Face-to-face education and virtual education based on a combination of health education theories can be used to effectively promote safe behaviors of motorcyclist students.
{"title":"The Role of Education in Promoting Safe Motorcycle Riding Behaviors Among Iranian Students: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model","authors":"A. Mehri, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Abolfazl Davarzani, H. Barati, H. Joveini, R. Shahrabadi, M. Hashemian","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the influential role of teaching safe behaviors in preventing accidents and injuries, this study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model on promoting safe motorcycle riding behaviors in male students at Sabzevar University. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 motorcyclist students at Sabzevar University selected using two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018. After confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was completed three times before, immediately, and two months after the educational intervention. The intervention group was held in 9 educational sessions for three weeks. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software using t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures tests. Results: The mean scores of PMT and IMB and safe behaviors of students in the intervention group immediately and two months after the educational intervention compared to the control group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). The mean scores of the studied constructs and safe behaviors in the intervention group had also a statistically significant change over time (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate the effect of educational intervention based on PMT and IMB on promoting safe behaviors in young students. Face-to-face education and virtual education based on a combination of health education theories can be used to effectively promote safe behaviors of motorcyclist students.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Ghobadimehr, H. Pasha, S. Hosseini, Ali Bijani
Background: Aging is considered a biological, natural, and inevitable phenomenon that is associated with common problems of sleep quality and falls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and falls among the elders of Amirkola. Methods: In this case-control study, 250 elders, who were exposed to the falling, and 500 people without the previous falling were randomly selected during 2016-2017. The data were collected according to demographic and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and falling, while no significant relationship was found between demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, marital situation, age, educational level, occupation, and satisfaction of income) and falling. The mean of chronic diseases was 3.65±2.29 and 4.38±2.75 in control and case groups, respectively (P=0.0001). A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of falls during the last 12 months (P=0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the score of poor sleep quality and the number of chronic diseases (P=0.001, r=0.352), the number of falls during the last 12 months (P=0.001, r=0.137), and the number of falling during the last 12 months with the number of chronic diseases (P=0.001, r=0.208). There was a significant negative correlation between poor quality sleep with the score of physical activity (P=0.001, r=-0.166) and the number of chronic diseases with the physical activity score (P=0.001, r=-0.259). After adjusting the other variables, the number of chronic diseases (P=0.002, OR=1.114) and history of smoking (P=0.018, OR=1.678) were the most effective factors of falling. Finally, a direct positive correlation was observed between the total scores of sleep quality and falling in terms of gender in the older woman of Amirkola (P=0.001, OR=2.080). Conclusion: Awareness of the factors of falls can help develop prevention strategies and appropriate health services.
{"title":"Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Falls Among Elderly People in Amirkola, Northern of Iran","authors":"Amir Ghobadimehr, H. Pasha, S. Hosseini, Ali Bijani","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging is considered a biological, natural, and inevitable phenomenon that is associated with common problems of sleep quality and falls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and falls among the elders of Amirkola. Methods: In this case-control study, 250 elders, who were exposed to the falling, and 500 people without the previous falling were randomly selected during 2016-2017. The data were collected according to demographic and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and falling, while no significant relationship was found between demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, marital situation, age, educational level, occupation, and satisfaction of income) and falling. The mean of chronic diseases was 3.65±2.29 and 4.38±2.75 in control and case groups, respectively (P=0.0001). A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of falls during the last 12 months (P=0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the score of poor sleep quality and the number of chronic diseases (P=0.001, r=0.352), the number of falls during the last 12 months (P=0.001, r=0.137), and the number of falling during the last 12 months with the number of chronic diseases (P=0.001, r=0.208). There was a significant negative correlation between poor quality sleep with the score of physical activity (P=0.001, r=-0.166) and the number of chronic diseases with the physical activity score (P=0.001, r=-0.259). After adjusting the other variables, the number of chronic diseases (P=0.002, OR=1.114) and history of smoking (P=0.018, OR=1.678) were the most effective factors of falling. Finally, a direct positive correlation was observed between the total scores of sleep quality and falling in terms of gender in the older woman of Amirkola (P=0.001, OR=2.080). Conclusion: Awareness of the factors of falls can help develop prevention strategies and appropriate health services.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49487925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Taheri-Kharameh, M. Barati, S. Bashirian, R. Heidarimoghadam, J. Poorolajal
Background: The identification of the causes of risky behaviors is necessary to prevent the occurrence of injuries and reduce its costs. The present study aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Falls Behavioral (FaB) Scale in Iranian seniors. Methods: This methodological study was conducted on 300 seniors aged 60 years and older referring to retirement centers. After permission, the recommended forward-backward procedure was adopted to translate the original English version of the questionnaire. Thereafter, the content, face validity, and construct validity of the scale were determined and taken into consideration. In addition, the known-groups comparison (seniors with and without a history of falls), as well as convergent and divergent validity, was used to evaluate construct validity. Finally, internal consistency and the test-retest analysis were performed to assess the reliability of the FaB scale. Results: The results of the known-groups comparison demonstrated that the mean score of the FaB scale was higher in the seniors with a history of falls as compared to that in their counterparts without such an experience. The obtained scores on FaB scale, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale (r=-0.214, P<0.01), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) (r=0.256, P<0.01) represented a significant correlation, confirming the construct validity of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale and test-retest reliability within one week were obtained as 0.71 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the Persian version of the FaB scale is a valid and reliable instrument; therefore, it can be used to assess the behavioral fall risk factors, as well as fall prevention interventions in older people. It is suggested that in future studies, researchers focus on the assessment of more psychometric properties of this scale, especially sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Falls Behavioral Scale in Seniors","authors":"Z. Taheri-Kharameh, M. Barati, S. Bashirian, R. Heidarimoghadam, J. Poorolajal","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The identification of the causes of risky behaviors is necessary to prevent the occurrence of injuries and reduce its costs. The present study aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Falls Behavioral (FaB) Scale in Iranian seniors. Methods: This methodological study was conducted on 300 seniors aged 60 years and older referring to retirement centers. After permission, the recommended forward-backward procedure was adopted to translate the original English version of the questionnaire. Thereafter, the content, face validity, and construct validity of the scale were determined and taken into consideration. In addition, the known-groups comparison (seniors with and without a history of falls), as well as convergent and divergent validity, was used to evaluate construct validity. Finally, internal consistency and the test-retest analysis were performed to assess the reliability of the FaB scale. Results: The results of the known-groups comparison demonstrated that the mean score of the FaB scale was higher in the seniors with a history of falls as compared to that in their counterparts without such an experience. The obtained scores on FaB scale, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale (r=-0.214, P<0.01), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) (r=0.256, P<0.01) represented a significant correlation, confirming the construct validity of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale and test-retest reliability within one week were obtained as 0.71 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the Persian version of the FaB scale is a valid and reliable instrument; therefore, it can be used to assess the behavioral fall risk factors, as well as fall prevention interventions in older people. It is suggested that in future studies, researchers focus on the assessment of more psychometric properties of this scale, especially sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48433817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Dietary behavior applying theory-based approaches is seldom documented in the general adult population. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the eating behavior of Malaysian adults and the demographic factors that were associated with positive eating habits. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, the convenience sampling technique was used to sample Malaysian adults aged 18 or older. The questionnaire was based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), which has six scales or constructs, including self-efficacy, intentions, situation, social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. All the six constructs demonstrated adequate model fit using confirmatory analysis fit by the developers and good internal reliability using Cronbach’s alpha in this study. The data were descriptively analyzed, and subsequently, logistic regressions were performed, assessing demographic factors associated with healthy eating habits. The variables achieving a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 461 respondents completed the questionnaire. Good social support (83.30%), outcome expectations (90.24%) and expectancies (92.41%), and the situation in relation to healthy eating (88.94%) were frequently observed among the respondents. The sentence has been revised to express the idea more clearly. "However, the observations in these dimensions were not necessarily translated into good self-efficacy (33.41%), intentions (39.91%), and behavioral strategies relating to healthy eating (53.15%). Additionally, demographic variables such as ethnicity, age, and region were significantly associated with the positive attitude observed on the questionnaire constructs. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of the study revealed that many Malaysians have poor self-efficacy, intentions, and behavioral strategies when it came to eating healthy. The demographic factors significantly associated with dietary behaviors should be targeted in future interventional studies and awareness programs.
{"title":"Factors Associated With Dietary Behaviors Among Malaysian Adults: Application of the Social Cognitive Theory","authors":"S. C. Ong, Annushiah Vasan Thakumar","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary behavior applying theory-based approaches is seldom documented in the general adult population. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the eating behavior of Malaysian adults and the demographic factors that were associated with positive eating habits. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, the convenience sampling technique was used to sample Malaysian adults aged 18 or older. The questionnaire was based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), which has six scales or constructs, including self-efficacy, intentions, situation, social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. All the six constructs demonstrated adequate model fit using confirmatory analysis fit by the developers and good internal reliability using Cronbach’s alpha in this study. The data were descriptively analyzed, and subsequently, logistic regressions were performed, assessing demographic factors associated with healthy eating habits. The variables achieving a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 461 respondents completed the questionnaire. Good social support (83.30%), outcome expectations (90.24%) and expectancies (92.41%), and the situation in relation to healthy eating (88.94%) were frequently observed among the respondents. The sentence has been revised to express the idea more clearly. \"However, the observations in these dimensions were not necessarily translated into good self-efficacy (33.41%), intentions (39.91%), and behavioral strategies relating to healthy eating (53.15%). Additionally, demographic variables such as ethnicity, age, and region were significantly associated with the positive attitude observed on the questionnaire constructs. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of the study revealed that many Malaysians have poor self-efficacy, intentions, and behavioral strategies when it came to eating healthy. The demographic factors significantly associated with dietary behaviors should be targeted in future interventional studies and awareness programs.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahshad Taherpour, M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Habibolah Khazaie, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, M. Fatahi, Negar Karimi, F. Jalilian
Background: Sleep quality and quantity disorders are among the most important problems in old age. Healthy sleep behaviors are among the best ways to deal with sleep disorders among the elderly. This study aimed to determine the socio-cognitive determinants predicting healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 288 elderly people who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran in 2020, and were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected online using a self-administered questionnaire with items on demographic characteristics and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) using Pearson correlation, independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of respondents in this study was 67.2 (±6.3) years. Perceived behavior control (β=0.409), attitude (β=0.251), and subjective norms (β=0.205) were stronger predictors of healthy sleep behavior intention among the elderly, respectively; collectively, they accounted for 28.5% of the variation in sleep health behavior intention. Behavioral intention (β=0.429) and perceived behavioral control (β=0.167) were also predictors of healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly. There was a statistically significant relationship between the educational level and healthy sleep behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the development and implementation of educational programs based on the TPB for the improvement of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control can play an effective role in promoting healthy sleep behaviors and sleep quality among the elderly.
{"title":"Socio-cognitive Determinants of Healthy Sleep Behaviors Among Iranian Elderly: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior","authors":"Mahshad Taherpour, M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Habibolah Khazaie, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, M. Fatahi, Negar Karimi, F. Jalilian","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep quality and quantity disorders are among the most important problems in old age. Healthy sleep behaviors are among the best ways to deal with sleep disorders among the elderly. This study aimed to determine the socio-cognitive determinants predicting healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 288 elderly people who had been referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan, Iran in 2020, and were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected online using a self-administered questionnaire with items on demographic characteristics and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) using Pearson correlation, independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of respondents in this study was 67.2 (±6.3) years. Perceived behavior control (β=0.409), attitude (β=0.251), and subjective norms (β=0.205) were stronger predictors of healthy sleep behavior intention among the elderly, respectively; collectively, they accounted for 28.5% of the variation in sleep health behavior intention. Behavioral intention (β=0.429) and perceived behavioral control (β=0.167) were also predictors of healthy sleep behaviors among the elderly. There was a statistically significant relationship between the educational level and healthy sleep behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the development and implementation of educational programs based on the TPB for the improvement of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control can play an effective role in promoting healthy sleep behaviors and sleep quality among the elderly.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kyaw, Balaganapathy al Kurrummiah, Nagaaveenaa ap Varathappan, Dharyshina Thever ap Rathanam, Suthasri ap Ravindran, Guhan al Sasidharan, Abdulla Jalal Kazi
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors influencing the acceptance of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) booster dose in Malaysia based on the health belief model during 2022. Methods: Malaysians aged 18 and above were enrolled in a cross-sectional online survey. The convenient sampling method was used for data collection, and Google form was employed as an online questionnaire, which was distributed through social media by the authors. The sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents were assessed and summarized by performing descriptive and frequency analyses. Multivariate analysis was applied to measure the associations of factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 booster dose among respondents in Malaysia. Results: A total of 467 responses were analyzed in this study. Participants with neutral perceptions who think that it is easy for them to get the COVID-19 vaccine if they wanted to were 0.042 times less likely to accept COVID-19 booster dose compared to others (95% CI of 0.003- 0.556 which was significant with P<0.05 (P=0.016). Moreover, the participants were 0.012 times more likely to be females by neutral on that it is easy for you to get the COVID-19 vaccine if you wanted to with a 95% CI of 2.166-461.040, which is significant. Conclusion: The need for continued access to research and learning has never been more important, especially when it comes to a constantly mutating coronavirus. We also continue to work directly with agencies to support their work.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Acceptance of COVID-19 Booster Dose in Malaysia","authors":"T. Kyaw, Balaganapathy al Kurrummiah, Nagaaveenaa ap Varathappan, Dharyshina Thever ap Rathanam, Suthasri ap Ravindran, Guhan al Sasidharan, Abdulla Jalal Kazi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors influencing the acceptance of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) booster dose in Malaysia based on the health belief model during 2022. Methods: Malaysians aged 18 and above were enrolled in a cross-sectional online survey. The convenient sampling method was used for data collection, and Google form was employed as an online questionnaire, which was distributed through social media by the authors. The sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents were assessed and summarized by performing descriptive and frequency analyses. Multivariate analysis was applied to measure the associations of factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 booster dose among respondents in Malaysia. Results: A total of 467 responses were analyzed in this study. Participants with neutral perceptions who think that it is easy for them to get the COVID-19 vaccine if they wanted to were 0.042 times less likely to accept COVID-19 booster dose compared to others (95% CI of 0.003- 0.556 which was significant with P<0.05 (P=0.016). Moreover, the participants were 0.012 times more likely to be females by neutral on that it is easy for you to get the COVID-19 vaccine if you wanted to with a 95% CI of 2.166-461.040, which is significant. Conclusion: The need for continued access to research and learning has never been more important, especially when it comes to a constantly mutating coronavirus. We also continue to work directly with agencies to support their work.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Asghari, A. Seid-mohammadi, G. Roshanaei, Fatemeh Arbabpoori, S. Panahi
Background: Mental health status of university students is a critical issue due to its essential role in students’ academic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of first-year students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Methods: All first-year students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences entered this cross-sectional study through census sampling. Two Questionnaires, the Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) as a screening instrument, and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect demographic information. After data collection, the chi-square test and logistic regression coefficient were applied to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that out of 875 students, 170 cases (19.4%) suffered from mental disorders, including depressed mood (93.5%) and anxiety attack (22%) as the most and least common disorders, respectively. Fitting the logistic regression model revealed that the highest educational degree (P<0.001, medical residency), admission quotas other than the free quota (P=0.03), high (P=0.04) and low (P=0.01) financial status, and fathers’ unemployment (P=0.04) increased the chance of mental health disorders. Conclusion: Due to the high rate and negative consequences of mental health problems in university students, it is recommended that university counseling centers provide services for students with a focus on coping with more frequent mental disorders. Finally, it is suggested they have yearly follow-up surveys to recognize the effects of the university environment and different conducted programs on the students’ mental status.
背景：大学生的心理健康状况是一个关键问题，因为它对学生的学习成绩起着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究旨在评估哈马丹医科大学2020年一年级学生的心理健康状况。方法：对哈马丹医科大学一年级学生进行普查抽样调查。两份问卷，即作为筛查工具的Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-12（GHQ-12）和一份研究人员制作的问卷，用于收集人口统计信息。数据收集后，应用卡方检验和逻辑回归系数对数据进行分析，显著性水平为0.05。结果：875名学生中，170例（19.4%）患有精神障碍，其中抑郁情绪（93.5%）和焦虑发作（22%）分别是最常见和最不常见的障碍。拟合逻辑回归模型显示，最高的教育程度（P<0.001，住院医师）、除免费名额外的录取名额（P=0.03）、高（P=0.04）和低（P=0.01）的经济状况以及父亲的失业（P=0.04）增加了患心理健康障碍的机会。结论：由于大学生心理健康问题的发生率和负面后果较高，建议大学咨询中心为学生提供服务，重点是应对更常见的心理障碍。最后，建议他们每年进行一次跟踪调查，以了解大学环境和不同的项目对学生心理状态的影响。
{"title":"Mental Health Status Among Iranian Medical University Students: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"S. Asghari, A. Seid-mohammadi, G. Roshanaei, Fatemeh Arbabpoori, S. Panahi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health status of university students is a critical issue due to its essential role in students’ academic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of first-year students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Methods: All first-year students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences entered this cross-sectional study through census sampling. Two Questionnaires, the Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) as a screening instrument, and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect demographic information. After data collection, the chi-square test and logistic regression coefficient were applied to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that out of 875 students, 170 cases (19.4%) suffered from mental disorders, including depressed mood (93.5%) and anxiety attack (22%) as the most and least common disorders, respectively. Fitting the logistic regression model revealed that the highest educational degree (P<0.001, medical residency), admission quotas other than the free quota (P=0.03), high (P=0.04) and low (P=0.01) financial status, and fathers’ unemployment (P=0.04) increased the chance of mental health disorders. Conclusion: Due to the high rate and negative consequences of mental health problems in university students, it is recommended that university counseling centers provide services for students with a focus on coping with more frequent mental disorders. Finally, it is suggested they have yearly follow-up surveys to recognize the effects of the university environment and different conducted programs on the students’ mental status.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42434314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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