Z. Rahaei, Sorayya Eshghi, Faezeh Afkhami, Z. Khazir
Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important public health concern. Self-care behaviors should be improved to help diabetic patients better control the disease, highlighting the importance of understanding the factors that affect a diabetic patient’s self-care behaviors. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine factors related to self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: In general, 160 type 2 diabetic patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center were randomly selected and included in this analytical cross-sectional study. The data were gathered by a reliable and valid questionnaire, which is a summary of a multi-question questionnaire. It included PMT constructs and demographic information through interviewing the patients. Finally, data were analyzed using t test, ANOVA, linear regression, and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The mean age of the patients and the mean self-care behaviors were 55.87±9.62 years and 37.56±12.94, respectively. In the regression model, perceived susceptibility (β=0.294, P<0.001) and protection motivation (β=0.247, P=0.003) were significant predictors of diabetes self-care behaviors. This model was able to explain 20% of the variance of these behaviors. Conclusion: PMT is effective in recognizing the determinants of diabetes self-care behaviors; therefore, to increase patients’ motivation to adopt diabetes self-care behaviors, a framework similar to this theory can be used to design educational programs. It is suggested that other studies in the field of self-care be conducted with other educational models in different populations of patients, and their results be compared accordingly.
{"title":"Determinants of Self-care Behaviors in Diabetic Patients in Yazd: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory","authors":"Z. Rahaei, Sorayya Eshghi, Faezeh Afkhami, Z. Khazir","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is an increasingly important public health concern. Self-care behaviors should be improved to help diabetic patients better control the disease, highlighting the importance of understanding the factors that affect a diabetic patient’s self-care behaviors. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine factors related to self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: In general, 160 type 2 diabetic patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center were randomly selected and included in this analytical cross-sectional study. The data were gathered by a reliable and valid questionnaire, which is a summary of a multi-question questionnaire. It included PMT constructs and demographic information through interviewing the patients. Finally, data were analyzed using t test, ANOVA, linear regression, and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The mean age of the patients and the mean self-care behaviors were 55.87±9.62 years and 37.56±12.94, respectively. In the regression model, perceived susceptibility (β=0.294, P<0.001) and protection motivation (β=0.247, P=0.003) were significant predictors of diabetes self-care behaviors. This model was able to explain 20% of the variance of these behaviors. Conclusion: PMT is effective in recognizing the determinants of diabetes self-care behaviors; therefore, to increase patients’ motivation to adopt diabetes self-care behaviors, a framework similar to this theory can be used to design educational programs. It is suggested that other studies in the field of self-care be conducted with other educational models in different populations of patients, and their results be compared accordingly.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48873319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Intravenous (IV) drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are closely related and are both among the major public health dilemmas worldwide. A considerable number of IV drug users are infected with HIV; this further adds to the risk of the occurrence of psychological disorders in them. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of IV drug users with and without HIV infection. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 IV drug users in Hamadan, including 90 HIV-positive and 180 HIV-negative subjects. The data were collected using general health questionnaire-28 items (GHQ-28) and then analyzed by SPSS, version 19. Results: Based on the results, HIV-negative IV drug users had a better mental health status than HIV-positive IV drug users, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.072). The assessment of GHQ-28 subscales revealed that the score of the social dysfunction subscale was significantly higher in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative subjects (P=0.004). Conclusion: It appears that the mental health status of IV drug users is suboptimal, and HIV infection can compromise the quality of life of addicts, particularly in terms of social function. Thus, designing strategies to improve the mental health status of IV drug users and their compliance with hygienic measures can promote public health.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of the Mental Health Status of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Intravenous Drug Users","authors":"Abdollah Farhadi Nasab, Mohammad Mehdi Majzobi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intravenous (IV) drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are closely related and are both among the major public health dilemmas worldwide. A considerable number of IV drug users are infected with HIV; this further adds to the risk of the occurrence of psychological disorders in them. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of IV drug users with and without HIV infection. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 IV drug users in Hamadan, including 90 HIV-positive and 180 HIV-negative subjects. The data were collected using general health questionnaire-28 items (GHQ-28) and then analyzed by SPSS, version 19. Results: Based on the results, HIV-negative IV drug users had a better mental health status than HIV-positive IV drug users, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.072). The assessment of GHQ-28 subscales revealed that the score of the social dysfunction subscale was significantly higher in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative subjects (P=0.004). Conclusion: It appears that the mental health status of IV drug users is suboptimal, and HIV infection can compromise the quality of life of addicts, particularly in terms of social function. Thus, designing strategies to improve the mental health status of IV drug users and their compliance with hygienic measures can promote public health.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini, H. Joveini, Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi, N. Sharifi
Background: Women of reproductive age have important responsibilities such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children raising. This study aimed at surveying the effect of educational interventions, based on the health belief model (HBM), in the prevention of self-medication (SM) in women of reproductive age. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on women of reproductive age in Jahrom in 2019 (January-September). Simple multi-stage random sampling was used to select the participants, and the sample size was determined 60 people for both intervention and control groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and HBM construct questions. The questionnaire was completed in person by both groups before and three months after the educational intervention. The educational intervention was performed based on the HBM in the intervention group, including holding 4 educational sessions each lasting 60 minutes. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using the chi-square test, paired t test, and independent t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge, perceived severity, benefits, and barriers, as well as cues to action on the correct use of drugs after the intervention (P<0.05). Three months after the intervention, the practice mean of women in the intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, educational intervention based on HBM was effective in preventing SM, but the extent of this effect varied for different HBM constructs. Nonetheless, measuring the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM in preventing SM behaviors requires studies with a long follow-up period.
{"title":"Prevention of Self-medication in Women of Reproductive Age Based on a Health Belief Model: A Quasi-experimental Study","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini, H. Joveini, Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi, N. Sharifi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women of reproductive age have important responsibilities such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children raising. This study aimed at surveying the effect of educational interventions, based on the health belief model (HBM), in the prevention of self-medication (SM) in women of reproductive age. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on women of reproductive age in Jahrom in 2019 (January-September). Simple multi-stage random sampling was used to select the participants, and the sample size was determined 60 people for both intervention and control groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and HBM construct questions. The questionnaire was completed in person by both groups before and three months after the educational intervention. The educational intervention was performed based on the HBM in the intervention group, including holding 4 educational sessions each lasting 60 minutes. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using the chi-square test, paired t test, and independent t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge, perceived severity, benefits, and barriers, as well as cues to action on the correct use of drugs after the intervention (P<0.05). Three months after the intervention, the practice mean of women in the intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, educational intervention based on HBM was effective in preventing SM, but the extent of this effect varied for different HBM constructs. Nonetheless, measuring the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM in preventing SM behaviors requires studies with a long follow-up period.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsane Karami Juyani, F. Zarei, Shamsodin Niknami, A. Haydarnia, Raziyeh Maasoumi
Background: Divorce is the most important factor in family disintegration. This study aimed to assess the perspectives of Tehran residents aged over 20 years on women’s social exclusion after divorce and its related factors. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the population over 20 years old in Tehran in September 2019. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic conditions, the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Iranian Divorced Women was provided to the subjects online. Convenience sampling was applied until 400 questionnaires were completely received. Independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regressions, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and demographic variables via SPSS (version 16) at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean±standard deviation of the age of participants was 37.82±9.1 years. There was a significant relationship between social exclusion and employment status (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), and marital status (P<0.001). Further, there was a significant correlation between social exclusion and age (P<0.001). The total average of economic dependence and discrimination based on marital status, terrifying, depriving, and damaging marital status were 4.19±0.70, 4.0±02.75, 3.80±1.06, 3.75±0.85, and 3.67±0.94, respectively. Conclusion: The economic dependence based on marital status had the highest impact on the social exclusion of divorced women based on the opinion of Tehran residents aged over 20.
{"title":"Effective Factors on Women’s Social Exclusion After Divorce From the Viewpoint of Tehran Residents","authors":"Afsane Karami Juyani, F. Zarei, Shamsodin Niknami, A. Haydarnia, Raziyeh Maasoumi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Divorce is the most important factor in family disintegration. This study aimed to assess the perspectives of Tehran residents aged over 20 years on women’s social exclusion after divorce and its related factors. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the population over 20 years old in Tehran in September 2019. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic conditions, the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Iranian Divorced Women was provided to the subjects online. Convenience sampling was applied until 400 questionnaires were completely received. Independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regressions, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and demographic variables via SPSS (version 16) at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean±standard deviation of the age of participants was 37.82±9.1 years. There was a significant relationship between social exclusion and employment status (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), and marital status (P<0.001). Further, there was a significant correlation between social exclusion and age (P<0.001). The total average of economic dependence and discrimination based on marital status, terrifying, depriving, and damaging marital status were 4.19±0.70, 4.0±02.75, 3.80±1.06, 3.75±0.85, and 3.67±0.94, respectively. Conclusion: The economic dependence based on marital status had the highest impact on the social exclusion of divorced women based on the opinion of Tehran residents aged over 20.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45960057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Akbari-Chehrehbargh, S. Tavafian, Ali Montazeri
Background: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems that is on the rise among the schoolchildren’s population. The aim of this study was to determine cognitive factors related to back care-related behavior based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) among female schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed among 5th-grade female students through a convenience method. Structured questionnaire data were collected from 610 students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. The initial model was formulated based on the SCT. Based on these data, the hypothesized model was confirmed via a structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS (version 24.0) and LISREL (version 8.80). Results: The skills (r=0.73, t-value=13.42), self-efficacy (r=0.87, t-value=15.51), and expectation beliefs (r=0.61, t-value=6.68) were verified as key cognitive factors that cause a back behavior. Finally, various indicators such as comparative fit index, normed fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation demonstrated the fitness of the models (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that those schoolchildren having more self-efficacy, skills, and expectation beliefs are more likely to do proper back behavior. In this regard, school-based back pain prevention interventions should further focus on predefine key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.
{"title":"Influencing Factors of the Back Care-related Behavior Among Female Schoolchildren: A Structural Equation Modeling","authors":"Zahra Akbari-Chehrehbargh, S. Tavafian, Ali Montazeri","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems that is on the rise among the schoolchildren’s population. The aim of this study was to determine cognitive factors related to back care-related behavior based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) among female schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was directed among 5th-grade female students through a convenience method. Structured questionnaire data were collected from 610 students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. The initial model was formulated based on the SCT. Based on these data, the hypothesized model was confirmed via a structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS (version 24.0) and LISREL (version 8.80). Results: The skills (r=0.73, t-value=13.42), self-efficacy (r=0.87, t-value=15.51), and expectation beliefs (r=0.61, t-value=6.68) were verified as key cognitive factors that cause a back behavior. Finally, various indicators such as comparative fit index, normed fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation demonstrated the fitness of the models (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that those schoolchildren having more self-efficacy, skills, and expectation beliefs are more likely to do proper back behavior. In this regard, school-based back pain prevention interventions should further focus on predefine key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42110511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rahmanian, Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi, F. Rastgoo, Foroogh Najafi, N. Sharifi
Background: Breastfeeding affects long-term child health and improves the quality of their lives. This study sought to compare educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in pregnant women and individuals influential to their exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months of an infant’s life. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed from 2020 to 2021 on pregnant women, who were at their>30 weeks of pregnancy, and relatives influential in their life in Jahrom, southern Iran. Sampling was conducted by the stratified random method, and the sample size was determined as 90 (30 cases in each group). The study consisted of two intervention groups and a control group. Data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire and the standard TPB questionnaire for EBF. In the first stage, the questionnaires were completed by all three groups. The second stage involved an educational intervention. The training lasted five weeks. In the third stage, the questionnaire was completed again six months later. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using one-way ANOVA, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in intervention group 1 in terms of the attitude construct (P=0.009) before [Median (IQR)=34.5 (6)] and after [Median (IQR)=36 (5.25)] the educational intervention. Similarly, a significant difference was found in intervention group 2 regarding the subjective norm construct (P<0.001) before [Median (IQR)=25 (4.25)] and after [Median (IQR)=30 (4)] the educational intervention. Conclusion: Overall, in addition to pregnant women, their subjective norms should be considered in health education and promotion programs to improve EBF.
{"title":"The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in Pregnant Women and Individuals Affecting Their Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Controlled Trial","authors":"V. Rahmanian, Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi, F. Rastgoo, Foroogh Najafi, N. Sharifi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breastfeeding affects long-term child health and improves the quality of their lives. This study sought to compare educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in pregnant women and individuals influential to their exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months of an infant’s life. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed from 2020 to 2021 on pregnant women, who were at their>30 weeks of pregnancy, and relatives influential in their life in Jahrom, southern Iran. Sampling was conducted by the stratified random method, and the sample size was determined as 90 (30 cases in each group). The study consisted of two intervention groups and a control group. Data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire and the standard TPB questionnaire for EBF. In the first stage, the questionnaires were completed by all three groups. The second stage involved an educational intervention. The training lasted five weeks. In the third stage, the questionnaire was completed again six months later. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using one-way ANOVA, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Based on the results, a significant difference was observed in intervention group 1 in terms of the attitude construct (P=0.009) before [Median (IQR)=34.5 (6)] and after [Median (IQR)=36 (5.25)] the educational intervention. Similarly, a significant difference was found in intervention group 2 regarding the subjective norm construct (P<0.001) before [Median (IQR)=25 (4.25)] and after [Median (IQR)=30 (4)] the educational intervention. Conclusion: Overall, in addition to pregnant women, their subjective norms should be considered in health education and promotion programs to improve EBF.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shahsavari, F. Estebsari, F. Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Mahnaz Ilkhani
Background: Health literacy (HL) is one of the factors influencing the use of health-related information by patients with diabetes. As a social support resource, peers can help improve diabetes knowledge in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peer support on HL in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with low support resources. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients with T2D referring to a diabetes clinic in Aligoudarz. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by the random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control each containing 40 cases. The data were collected using the Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of educational peer support intervention. Eventually, data were analyzed by the statistical tests of chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) HL between the two groups before the intervention (53.12±13.86 vs. 56.62±10.34, P=0.204). However, the mean HL in the intervention group represented a significant improvement after 3 months of peer intervention compared to the control group (70.27±9.78 vs. 56.87±10.07, P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, peer support was found to be effective in improving the HL of diabetic patients with limited access to support resources. Therefore, it is recommended to use the capacity of peers as a social support resource in diabetes care programs.
{"title":"Effect of Peer Support on Health Literacy in Diabetic Patients With Limited Access to Support Resources in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Shahsavari, F. Estebsari, F. Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Mahnaz Ilkhani","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health literacy (HL) is one of the factors influencing the use of health-related information by patients with diabetes. As a social support resource, peers can help improve diabetes knowledge in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peer support on HL in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with low support resources. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients with T2D referring to a diabetes clinic in Aligoudarz. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by the random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control each containing 40 cases. The data were collected using the Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of educational peer support intervention. Eventually, data were analyzed by the statistical tests of chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) HL between the two groups before the intervention (53.12±13.86 vs. 56.62±10.34, P=0.204). However, the mean HL in the intervention group represented a significant improvement after 3 months of peer intervention compared to the control group (70.27±9.78 vs. 56.87±10.07, P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, peer support was found to be effective in improving the HL of diabetic patients with limited access to support resources. Therefore, it is recommended to use the capacity of peers as a social support resource in diabetes care programs.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45468165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 200 countries around the world. Although several months have passed since the discovery of the vaccine and the onset of vaccination, the world is still involved with various effects and consequences of this disease in social, medical, educational, economic, and political domains. In such conditions, lifestyle modification is inevitable. This modification includes making changes in sleeping patterns, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, feelings, emotions, social relationships, behaviors, attitudes, customs, eating habits, and even domestic violence. Sleeping disorder is one of the most common consequences of the pandemic that has an essential role in regulating emotions and can have direct impact on people’s emotional functioning (1). According to studies, the amount and quality of sleep have been affected by the epidemic (2). Changes in sleep and wakefulness at night can increase the risk of chronic diseases and exacerbate mental health problems as well (3). Diet also affects one’s quality of sleep. People who sleep well are more likely to eat a Mediterranean diet and have a lower body mass index (4). Exercise improves sleep at any age as well (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the significance of a balanced diet to maintain a stronger immune system and reduce the risk of chronic and infectious diseases. Recommendations for servings during the coronavirus pandemic are higher than the usual WHO dietary recommendations. It is recommended that 2 cups of fruits (4 servings), 2.5 cups of vegetables (5 servings), 180 g of whole grains, and 160 g of meat and beans should be consumed daily (5,6). Poor dietary habits along with inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle bring about a range of chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and stroke (3). Various studies indicate positive outcomes of physical activity in the fields of mental health and well-being (13). Sleep disorders also seem to affect physical activity. In many people, quarantine has significantly reduced physical activity (2,3). However, many people maintained, or even increased, their physical activity (4). The existing research indicates that increasing social isolation and loneliness lead to sedentary behaviors (3). Alcohol is mainly the most common substance abused in many countries. In fact, alcohol consumption has increased in many countries since the start of the Corona pandemic. Alcohol may be routinely used by a significant number of people at the time of confusion, inactivity, and loneliness as a means of coping with anxiety, stress, or sleep deprivation as a result of measures taken to reduce the spread of the disease. Increased alcohol consumption may become normal during this period and may lead vulnerable individuals to dangerous patterns of alcohol consumption (3). Given that there is a significant relationship between COVID-19 infection and air poll
{"title":"Lifestyle Modification During the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)","authors":"B. Moeini, Fataneh Goodarzi, Maryam Hashemian","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 200 countries around the world. Although several months have passed since the discovery of the vaccine and the onset of vaccination, the world is still involved with various effects and consequences of this disease in social, medical, educational, economic, and political domains. In such conditions, lifestyle modification is inevitable. This modification includes making changes in sleeping patterns, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, feelings, emotions, social relationships, behaviors, attitudes, customs, eating habits, and even domestic violence. Sleeping disorder is one of the most common consequences of the pandemic that has an essential role in regulating emotions and can have direct impact on people’s emotional functioning (1). According to studies, the amount and quality of sleep have been affected by the epidemic (2). Changes in sleep and wakefulness at night can increase the risk of chronic diseases and exacerbate mental health problems as well (3). Diet also affects one’s quality of sleep. People who sleep well are more likely to eat a Mediterranean diet and have a lower body mass index (4). Exercise improves sleep at any age as well (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the significance of a balanced diet to maintain a stronger immune system and reduce the risk of chronic and infectious diseases. Recommendations for servings during the coronavirus pandemic are higher than the usual WHO dietary recommendations. It is recommended that 2 cups of fruits (4 servings), 2.5 cups of vegetables (5 servings), 180 g of whole grains, and 160 g of meat and beans should be consumed daily (5,6). Poor dietary habits along with inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle bring about a range of chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and stroke (3). Various studies indicate positive outcomes of physical activity in the fields of mental health and well-being (13). Sleep disorders also seem to affect physical activity. In many people, quarantine has significantly reduced physical activity (2,3). However, many people maintained, or even increased, their physical activity (4). The existing research indicates that increasing social isolation and loneliness lead to sedentary behaviors (3). Alcohol is mainly the most common substance abused in many countries. In fact, alcohol consumption has increased in many countries since the start of the Corona pandemic. Alcohol may be routinely used by a significant number of people at the time of confusion, inactivity, and loneliness as a means of coping with anxiety, stress, or sleep deprivation as a result of measures taken to reduce the spread of the disease. Increased alcohol consumption may become normal during this period and may lead vulnerable individuals to dangerous patterns of alcohol consumption (3). Given that there is a significant relationship between COVID-19 infection and air poll","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Imani-Nasab, Arash Ardalan, Nasim Cheraghi, Zahra Asadi-piri, F. Ebrahimzadeh, Fatemeh Bastami
Background: Healthy nutrition is necessary for normal growth and development. Although breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, it is ignored by many adolescents. The purpose of this study was to apply the health promotion model (HPM) to predict breakfast consumption among adolescent girls using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed on 450 Iranian female high school students in 2019. Sampling was performed through a multi-stage method. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire. The first part was about demographic information and the behavior of breakfast consumption. The second part was a questionnaire based on the HPM. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) and AMOS (version 21) using the Chi-square test and the regression model. Results: Based on SEM, the constructs of Pender’s HPM explained approximately 0.47 of the variation in the breakfast consumption behavior. The highest total effects on breakfasting behaviors belonged to behavioral perceptions (0.833), prior related behaviors (0.800), perceived self-efficacy (0.677), activity-related affects (0.659), perceived barriers (-0.598), and commitment to planning (0.361). Conclusion: HPM is a suitable theory for predicting commitment to the planning and behavior of breakfast consumption among Iranian adolescent girls. Accordingly, the impact of emotions and behavioral perceptions on a commitment to planning for breakfast consumption should be considered in designing nutritional interventions for female adolescents. Moreover, in planning educational interventions, pleasant experiences should be created to positively influence individual perceptions and effects related to the target behavior in order to enhance commitment to the breakfast consumption behavior.
{"title":"Application of the Health Promotion Model to Predict Breakfast Consumption Among Adolescent Girls: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach","authors":"M. Imani-Nasab, Arash Ardalan, Nasim Cheraghi, Zahra Asadi-piri, F. Ebrahimzadeh, Fatemeh Bastami","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthy nutrition is necessary for normal growth and development. Although breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, it is ignored by many adolescents. The purpose of this study was to apply the health promotion model (HPM) to predict breakfast consumption among adolescent girls using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed on 450 Iranian female high school students in 2019. Sampling was performed through a multi-stage method. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire. The first part was about demographic information and the behavior of breakfast consumption. The second part was a questionnaire based on the HPM. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21) and AMOS (version 21) using the Chi-square test and the regression model. Results: Based on SEM, the constructs of Pender’s HPM explained approximately 0.47 of the variation in the breakfast consumption behavior. The highest total effects on breakfasting behaviors belonged to behavioral perceptions (0.833), prior related behaviors (0.800), perceived self-efficacy (0.677), activity-related affects (0.659), perceived barriers (-0.598), and commitment to planning (0.361). Conclusion: HPM is a suitable theory for predicting commitment to the planning and behavior of breakfast consumption among Iranian adolescent girls. Accordingly, the impact of emotions and behavioral perceptions on a commitment to planning for breakfast consumption should be considered in designing nutritional interventions for female adolescents. Moreover, in planning educational interventions, pleasant experiences should be created to positively influence individual perceptions and effects related to the target behavior in order to enhance commitment to the breakfast consumption behavior.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48623152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gholizadeh, M. Solhi, F. Amiri, A. Hoseini, Masuod Lotfizadeh
Background: Lifestyle changes, advertising, and access to high-calorie, low-value foods have led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, and women are at greater risk in this regard. The aim of the present study was to identify the determinants of weight loss and obesity control behaviors based on Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) among women referring to the healthcare centers of Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 500 women aged 18-49 years with a body mass index (BMI)≥25 in 2019. The cluster sampling method was performed on the healthcare centers, and women were selected using simple random sampling. The data collection instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability and validity of which were approved, and finally, data were analyzed using analytical tests in SPSS 22 and Stata14. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) of the women’s age was 34.33±8.2 years. A total of 57.8% of women had no history of weight loss and obesity control behaviors. Variables such as age, education level, and marital status were statistically significantly related to weight loss and obesity control behaviors (P≤0.05). Moreover, the constructs of prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action were among the predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors and predicted 6.6% of behavioral changes (R2 : 6.6, P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action are predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors, and thus it is suggested to place more on these constructs while designing relevant health-promotion interventions.
{"title":"Determinants of Weight Loss and Obesity Control Behaviors Among Women Based on the Pender’s Health Promotion Model","authors":"A. Gholizadeh, M. Solhi, F. Amiri, A. Hoseini, Masuod Lotfizadeh","doi":"10.34172/jech.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lifestyle changes, advertising, and access to high-calorie, low-value foods have led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, and women are at greater risk in this regard. The aim of the present study was to identify the determinants of weight loss and obesity control behaviors based on Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) among women referring to the healthcare centers of Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 500 women aged 18-49 years with a body mass index (BMI)≥25 in 2019. The cluster sampling method was performed on the healthcare centers, and women were selected using simple random sampling. The data collection instrument included a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability and validity of which were approved, and finally, data were analyzed using analytical tests in SPSS 22 and Stata14. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) of the women’s age was 34.33±8.2 years. A total of 57.8% of women had no history of weight loss and obesity control behaviors. Variables such as age, education level, and marital status were statistically significantly related to weight loss and obesity control behaviors (P≤0.05). Moreover, the constructs of prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action were among the predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors and predicted 6.6% of behavioral changes (R2 : 6.6, P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, prior related behaviors, interpersonal influences, and commitment to a plan of action are predictors of weight loss and obesity control behaviors, and thus it is suggested to place more on these constructs while designing relevant health-promotion interventions.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46205921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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