S. Mohammadnabizadeh, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi, A. Najafpoor, Vahid Ghavami
Background: Although researchers have performed several smoking-related investigations, limited achievements have been found in decreasing rates of smoking because most of them were not implemented based on the appropriate theory. This study aimed to apply the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to examine the relationships between protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs, health literacy, and smoking behavior among university students. Methods: In the current cross-sectional investigation, 542 students of Mashhad Universities of Applied Sciences were collected using cluster sampling on August 2022. The data collection tools were sociodemographic, PMT, and health literacy questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24. Moreover, the SEM was implemented by applying Amos. Pearson correlation examination was performed to study the relationships between behavior and other variables. Moreover, SEM was performed using Amos 18, and several indexes were calculated, including chi-square/degrees of freedom (χ2 /df), goodness of fit index, root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, and Tucker Lewis index. Results: The resulting of the smoking behavior model demonstrated an acceptable fit with the studied data. Smoking behavior was significantly associated with higher intention extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and the perceived cost and lower response efficacy, self-efficacy, and perceived vulnerability; nonetheless, intention and self-efficacy had more effects, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be more beneficial to increase the people’s self-efficacy in order to further trust themselves so that they can successfully avoid smoking via reinforcement of the coping skills.
{"title":"Factors Associated With Cigarette Smoking Based on the Integrated Model of Protection Motivation Theory With Health Literacy","authors":"S. Mohammadnabizadeh, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi, A. Najafpoor, Vahid Ghavami","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although researchers have performed several smoking-related investigations, limited achievements have been found in decreasing rates of smoking because most of them were not implemented based on the appropriate theory. This study aimed to apply the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to examine the relationships between protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs, health literacy, and smoking behavior among university students. Methods: In the current cross-sectional investigation, 542 students of Mashhad Universities of Applied Sciences were collected using cluster sampling on August 2022. The data collection tools were sociodemographic, PMT, and health literacy questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24. Moreover, the SEM was implemented by applying Amos. Pearson correlation examination was performed to study the relationships between behavior and other variables. Moreover, SEM was performed using Amos 18, and several indexes were calculated, including chi-square/degrees of freedom (χ2 /df), goodness of fit index, root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, and Tucker Lewis index. Results: The resulting of the smoking behavior model demonstrated an acceptable fit with the studied data. Smoking behavior was significantly associated with higher intention extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and the perceived cost and lower response efficacy, self-efficacy, and perceived vulnerability; nonetheless, intention and self-efficacy had more effects, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be more beneficial to increase the people’s self-efficacy in order to further trust themselves so that they can successfully avoid smoking via reinforcement of the coping skills.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Roozbeh, V. Ghasemi, Sepideh Rezaei Ghamsari, M. Banaei
Background: Genital misconceptions can lead to sex avoidance in women with genital pelvic pain and penetration disorder (GPPPD). Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the sexual cognition of Iranian women with GPPPD. Methods: This comparative analytical descriptive study was performed on 200 GPPPD and non-GPPPD Iranian women who referred to women’s clinics in Hormozgan province in 2021. In this study, availability samples were used, and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a localized vaginal penetration cognitive questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, and the significance level was assumed to be 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.14±5.44 years. Mean scores for negative self-images, and catastrophic and control cognition were higher in the GPPPD group compared to the non-GPPPD group (P<0.001), while the mean scores of positive cognitions in the GPPPD group were lower (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the beliefs and knowledge of women with GPPD should be corrected to promote their sexual health. Interventions should be designed to meet the needs of this group to improve sexual relationships and avoid sexual tension.
{"title":"Sexual Cognition Among Iranian Women With Genital Pelvic Pain Disorder: A Short Communication","authors":"N. Roozbeh, V. Ghasemi, Sepideh Rezaei Ghamsari, M. Banaei","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genital misconceptions can lead to sex avoidance in women with genital pelvic pain and penetration disorder (GPPPD). Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the sexual cognition of Iranian women with GPPPD. Methods: This comparative analytical descriptive study was performed on 200 GPPPD and non-GPPPD Iranian women who referred to women’s clinics in Hormozgan province in 2021. In this study, availability samples were used, and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a localized vaginal penetration cognitive questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, and the significance level was assumed to be 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.14±5.44 years. Mean scores for negative self-images, and catastrophic and control cognition were higher in the GPPPD group compared to the non-GPPPD group (P<0.001), while the mean scores of positive cognitions in the GPPPD group were lower (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the beliefs and knowledge of women with GPPD should be corrected to promote their sexual health. Interventions should be designed to meet the needs of this group to improve sexual relationships and avoid sexual tension.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45241753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Teenage girls who are passing through sensitive puberty time are among the vulnerable ones whose sexual health information needs have not received sufficient attention. The present article aimed to explore barriers and facilitators of sexual health information-seeking behaviors (SHISB) among teenage girls in Rasht in 2022. Methods: The present study was performed using a qualitative method based on conventional content analysis. The participants were selected by the maximum variation sampling method and included 15 teenage girls in the age range of 15-21 years old and 5 key adults, including mothers, teachers, and sexual health specialists. Data were collected by the semi-structured interview technique and then analyzed using Landman and Granheim’s approach. Results: According to the results of the present study, 7 main categories and 25 subcategories were extracted, including barriers, facilitators, motivations, and resources for seeking sexual health information. The main categories were individual barriers, family inappropriate performance, cyber threats, social inhibitors, facilitating elements of information seeking, information seeking motivation, and channels of sexual health literacy. Conclusion: In addition to clarifying the barriers and facilitators of seeking sexual health information among teenage girls, the findings also point to the necessity of providing educational situations to learn sexual health topics. Therefore, the present study suggests the necessity of family institution, health, and education cooperation, along with formulating community-oriented programs to support teenage girls’ information needs, changing the family and society’s point of view considering sexual health.
{"title":"Exploration of Barriers and Facilitators of Sexual Health Information-Seeking Behaviors Among Teenage Girls in Rasht","authors":"Raziyeh Khodadadi, F. Alipour, Zoleikha Arabkari","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.2317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2317","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teenage girls who are passing through sensitive puberty time are among the vulnerable ones whose sexual health information needs have not received sufficient attention. The present article aimed to explore barriers and facilitators of sexual health information-seeking behaviors (SHISB) among teenage girls in Rasht in 2022. Methods: The present study was performed using a qualitative method based on conventional content analysis. The participants were selected by the maximum variation sampling method and included 15 teenage girls in the age range of 15-21 years old and 5 key adults, including mothers, teachers, and sexual health specialists. Data were collected by the semi-structured interview technique and then analyzed using Landman and Granheim’s approach. Results: According to the results of the present study, 7 main categories and 25 subcategories were extracted, including barriers, facilitators, motivations, and resources for seeking sexual health information. The main categories were individual barriers, family inappropriate performance, cyber threats, social inhibitors, facilitating elements of information seeking, information seeking motivation, and channels of sexual health literacy. Conclusion: In addition to clarifying the barriers and facilitators of seeking sexual health information among teenage girls, the findings also point to the necessity of providing educational situations to learn sexual health topics. Therefore, the present study suggests the necessity of family institution, health, and education cooperation, along with formulating community-oriented programs to support teenage girls’ information needs, changing the family and society’s point of view considering sexual health.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48500749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Babadi, Kamal Zare-Mehrjardi, Ahmadreza Assareh, Hossein Malekzadeh, M. Araban
Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) and dental health indicators in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are important health conditions that have been less investigated in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health conditions and OHL in adult patients with cardiovascular conditions who referred to dental clinics in southwest, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz, Iran in 2021-2022. The oral and dental health status and literacy of 302 people were investigated, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire about OHL (with dimensions of comprehension and calculation ability), as well as demographic and medical information. Then, the patients were clinically examined by a dentist to determine oral health indicators (Decayed, missing, and filled teeth: DMFT) and oral health index (OHI-S). Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean DMFT was 11.06±3.55. According to the OHI-S, 124 (41.1%), 75 (24.8%), and 103 (34.1%) people were categorized in mean, good, and poor oral health levels, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a direct, strong, and significant relationship between age and DMFT and OHI (r=0.702, r=0.678 P<0.001). The relationship between understanding ability and DMFT and OHI was inversely correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.278, P<0.001), and the relationship between calculation ability and OHI, as well as between calculation ability and DMFT was inverse and significant ((r=-0.572, P<0.001) and r=-0.429, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between OHL and OHI in people with CVD, although it is not in a favorable condition. As a result, the design, implementation, and evaluation of oral health education programs for patients with CVD are highly recommended, and it is imperative that oral and dental health be carefully monitored in these patients.
{"title":"Correlates of Oral Health Conditions and Oral Health Literacy Among a Sample of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Fatemeh Babadi, Kamal Zare-Mehrjardi, Ahmadreza Assareh, Hossein Malekzadeh, M. Araban","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.2120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) and dental health indicators in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are important health conditions that have been less investigated in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health conditions and OHL in adult patients with cardiovascular conditions who referred to dental clinics in southwest, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz, Iran in 2021-2022. The oral and dental health status and literacy of 302 people were investigated, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire about OHL (with dimensions of comprehension and calculation ability), as well as demographic and medical information. Then, the patients were clinically examined by a dentist to determine oral health indicators (Decayed, missing, and filled teeth: DMFT) and oral health index (OHI-S). Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean DMFT was 11.06±3.55. According to the OHI-S, 124 (41.1%), 75 (24.8%), and 103 (34.1%) people were categorized in mean, good, and poor oral health levels, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a direct, strong, and significant relationship between age and DMFT and OHI (r=0.702, r=0.678 P<0.001). The relationship between understanding ability and DMFT and OHI was inversely correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.278, P<0.001), and the relationship between calculation ability and OHI, as well as between calculation ability and DMFT was inverse and significant ((r=-0.572, P<0.001) and r=-0.429, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between OHL and OHI in people with CVD, although it is not in a favorable condition. As a result, the design, implementation, and evaluation of oral health education programs for patients with CVD are highly recommended, and it is imperative that oral and dental health be carefully monitored in these patients.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The socio-cultural status of any society depends on the health of children. Enjoying spiritual health, as one of the important dimensions of health, plays an essential role in ensuring the comprehensive health of the child. This qualitative study was done to explore the consequences of spiritual health in Iranian children. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 17 children and 9 researchers and specialists in the field of children’s mental health. Data analysis was carried out using the qualitative content analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: During the analysis of the text of the interviews, three themes of "psychological consequences" with three categories (mental vitality, mental growth, and cognitive growth), "socio-moral consequences" with two categories (ethical growth and social growth), and "religious-spiritual consequences" with two categories (religious behavior, religious transcendence) were obtained. Conclusion: The spiritual health in children helps them grow in all aspects, which indicates the capacity of spiritual health in children. It seems that focusing on moral-spiritual development in order to ensure the spiritual health of the child helps to prevent moral-behavioral disorders and provides the ground for excellence and meaningful growth. Therefore, considering the importance of having spiritual health in children, it is necessary for those in charge of education to implement and evaluate written and practical programs based on the consequences of spiritual health and in accordance with the family system, community, and school.
{"title":"Outcomes of Spiritual Health in Children: A Qualitative Content Analysis","authors":"M. Safara, Soolmaz Moosavi, H. Gholamnejad","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.2032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.2032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The socio-cultural status of any society depends on the health of children. Enjoying spiritual health, as one of the important dimensions of health, plays an essential role in ensuring the comprehensive health of the child. This qualitative study was done to explore the consequences of spiritual health in Iranian children. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 17 children and 9 researchers and specialists in the field of children’s mental health. Data analysis was carried out using the qualitative content analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: During the analysis of the text of the interviews, three themes of \"psychological consequences\" with three categories (mental vitality, mental growth, and cognitive growth), \"socio-moral consequences\" with two categories (ethical growth and social growth), and \"religious-spiritual consequences\" with two categories (religious behavior, religious transcendence) were obtained. Conclusion: The spiritual health in children helps them grow in all aspects, which indicates the capacity of spiritual health in children. It seems that focusing on moral-spiritual development in order to ensure the spiritual health of the child helps to prevent moral-behavioral disorders and provides the ground for excellence and meaningful growth. Therefore, considering the importance of having spiritual health in children, it is necessary for those in charge of education to implement and evaluate written and practical programs based on the consequences of spiritual health and in accordance with the family system, community, and school.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42896078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.34172/jech.2023.a-10-110-16
T. Rakhshani, Z. Khiyali, Mahtaj Mirzaei, A. Kamyab, A. Khani Jeihooni
Background: Breast cancer and cervical cancer, the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide, are on a fast and steady rise. Cancer screening tests are an important tool to combat cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Considering the importance of health literacy in promoting community health, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and the history of screening behaviors of common cancers in women referred to Bushehr healthcare centers in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 380 women referred to urban health centers in Bushehr in 2019. Data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics, breast and cervical cancer screening behavior, and health literacy (HELIA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed via SPSS 21 software using the Chi-square test, an independent t-test, and descriptive statistical methods. Furthermore, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 34.88±9.15 years. Moreover, 3.2% of subjects had inadequate health literacy, 13.9% had health literacy at a border level, and 82.9% had sufficient health literacy. In this study, 46.8% and 88.2% of the women did not undergo Pap tests and mammography, respectively, and 73.9% were never referred to the health centers for clinical examination of breasts. In addition, health literacy had a significant relationship with monthly breast examination and undergoing Pap smear (P<0.001), but health literacy had no significant relationship with undergoing mammography and clinical breast examination (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that women with higher levels of health literacy are more likely to get in the habit of doing monthly breast self-examination and undergoing the Pap test. Thus, it is suggested that this result be considered in prevention programs (primary and secondary) to increase women’s health.
{"title":"Health Literacy and Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Behaviors in Women","authors":"T. Rakhshani, Z. Khiyali, Mahtaj Mirzaei, A. Kamyab, A. Khani Jeihooni","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.a-10-110-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.a-10-110-16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer and cervical cancer, the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide, are on a fast and steady rise. Cancer screening tests are an important tool to combat cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Considering the importance of health literacy in promoting community health, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and the history of screening behaviors of common cancers in women referred to Bushehr healthcare centers in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 380 women referred to urban health centers in Bushehr in 2019. Data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics, breast and cervical cancer screening behavior, and health literacy (HELIA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed via SPSS 21 software using the Chi-square test, an independent t-test, and descriptive statistical methods. Furthermore, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 34.88±9.15 years. Moreover, 3.2% of subjects had inadequate health literacy, 13.9% had health literacy at a border level, and 82.9% had sufficient health literacy. In this study, 46.8% and 88.2% of the women did not undergo Pap tests and mammography, respectively, and 73.9% were never referred to the health centers for clinical examination of breasts. In addition, health literacy had a significant relationship with monthly breast examination and undergoing Pap smear (P<0.001), but health literacy had no significant relationship with undergoing mammography and clinical breast examination (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that women with higher levels of health literacy are more likely to get in the habit of doing monthly breast self-examination and undergoing the Pap test. Thus, it is suggested that this result be considered in prevention programs (primary and secondary) to increase women’s health.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive stages of a woman’s life, and changes in this time can have important effects on the quality of life (QoL) of women. Therefore, this study aimed to assess QoL and its related factors in pregnant women referring to health centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 417 pregnant women who referred to Neyshabur health centers in 2021 using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out using demographic characteristics and QoL. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) analytical statistics (ordinal regression) were employed, data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22, and the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean±standard deviation of pregnant women was 28.36±5.96 years old. Physical health was the lowest and mental health was the highest aspect of women’s QoL. Most participants (49.16%) had moderate QoL. It was also found that employment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.34, 95% CI: 1.03-5.30) and good sleep quality (AOR=4.85, 95% CI: 2.99-7.01) were statistically significant variables in relation to QoL. Conclusion: According to an undesirable and moderate QoL in pregnant women, it is recommended that interventions be made to increase QoL, especially in physical health in pregnant women.
{"title":"Quality of Life and Its Related Factors in Pregnant Women Referring to Health Centers","authors":"H. Abasi, Fatemeh Delavari Nasrabadi, Hadiseh Jalali Gerow, Fatemeh Yadi, Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.1938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.1938","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive stages of a woman’s life, and changes in this time can have important effects on the quality of life (QoL) of women. Therefore, this study aimed to assess QoL and its related factors in pregnant women referring to health centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 417 pregnant women who referred to Neyshabur health centers in 2021 using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out using demographic characteristics and QoL. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) analytical statistics (ordinal regression) were employed, data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22, and the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean±standard deviation of pregnant women was 28.36±5.96 years old. Physical health was the lowest and mental health was the highest aspect of women’s QoL. Most participants (49.16%) had moderate QoL. It was also found that employment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.34, 95% CI: 1.03-5.30) and good sleep quality (AOR=4.85, 95% CI: 2.99-7.01) were statistically significant variables in relation to QoL. Conclusion: According to an undesirable and moderate QoL in pregnant women, it is recommended that interventions be made to increase QoL, especially in physical health in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48277975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Promoting awareness and correcting health beliefs about preventive behaviors in adolescents and young people are the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to assess the influence of the educational intervention on the promotion of perceived self-efficacy to inhibit HIV/AIDS among high school students. Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation included 230 high school students in Asadabad and was conducted in 2021. Following the selection of students by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were allotted into two equal (intervention and control) groups of 115 individuals. The educational program for the intervention group included five one-hour sessions of the students’ social network (Shad), which was implemented by a participatory method based on questions and answers and group discussion, as well as practical performance. A reliable and valid questionnaire comprising three parts (personal attributes, awareness, and health belief model [HBM] constructs) was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using different tests, including Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test, ANCOVA, and independent and paired sample t tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Educational intervention based on HBM not only affected the promotion of awareness (P<0.05), self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits but also reduced students’ perceived barriers to preventive behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the educational intervention based on HBM affected health belief constructs concerning HIV/AIDS. Thus, the results of this study can be beneficial for school health education and health educators who design disease education programs.
{"title":"The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Promoting Perceived Self-efficacy to Prevent HIV/AIDS Among the High School Students","authors":"F. Darabi, M. Maheri, Mehri Noroozi Shadmani","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.1991","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Promoting awareness and correcting health beliefs about preventive behaviors in adolescents and young people are the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to assess the influence of the educational intervention on the promotion of perceived self-efficacy to inhibit HIV/AIDS among high school students. Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation included 230 high school students in Asadabad and was conducted in 2021. Following the selection of students by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were allotted into two equal (intervention and control) groups of 115 individuals. The educational program for the intervention group included five one-hour sessions of the students’ social network (Shad), which was implemented by a participatory method based on questions and answers and group discussion, as well as practical performance. A reliable and valid questionnaire comprising three parts (personal attributes, awareness, and health belief model [HBM] constructs) was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using different tests, including Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test, ANCOVA, and independent and paired sample t tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Educational intervention based on HBM not only affected the promotion of awareness (P<0.05), self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits but also reduced students’ perceived barriers to preventive behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the educational intervention based on HBM affected health belief constructs concerning HIV/AIDS. Thus, the results of this study can be beneficial for school health education and health educators who design disease education programs.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48514019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khanal, C. Budhathoki, O. Okan, E. V. Teijlingen, M. Sharma, J. Acharya, Cate Wood
Background: The literature has identified gaps in adolescent health literacy (AHL) measurements, as well as how the health literacy (HL) level is related to health promotion (HP) aspects. This study aimed to examine the tools used to measure HL and determine its relation with HP among adolescents. Methods: Three online databases (HINARI, PubMed, and DOAJ) were searched to conduct a systematic assessment of papers published between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2021. In this review, 373 articles were identified from these databases. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts of articles, 49 full texts were selected for full-text reading. After comprehensive reading, 23 papers were appraised for qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 23 reviewed papers, 21 focused on assessing AHL measures, and 15 addressed the association between AHL and HP. Seven studies used the HL School-Aged Children instrument. The findings suggested that the methodological and conceptual underpinnings of HL measures are insufficient. Furthermore, HL acts as an independent and positive mediator for many facets of HP. Conclusion: This review offers a warning to practitioners and educationists interested in measuring HL as the number of measurement tools is quite huge with different tools applying different scales.
{"title":"Systematic Review of Health Literacy and Health Promotion in School-Aged Adolescents","authors":"S. Khanal, C. Budhathoki, O. Okan, E. V. Teijlingen, M. Sharma, J. Acharya, Cate Wood","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.1982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.1982","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The literature has identified gaps in adolescent health literacy (AHL) measurements, as well as how the health literacy (HL) level is related to health promotion (HP) aspects. This study aimed to examine the tools used to measure HL and determine its relation with HP among adolescents. Methods: Three online databases (HINARI, PubMed, and DOAJ) were searched to conduct a systematic assessment of papers published between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2021. In this review, 373 articles were identified from these databases. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts of articles, 49 full texts were selected for full-text reading. After comprehensive reading, 23 papers were appraised for qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 23 reviewed papers, 21 focused on assessing AHL measures, and 15 addressed the association between AHL and HP. Seven studies used the HL School-Aged Children instrument. The findings suggested that the methodological and conceptual underpinnings of HL measures are insufficient. Furthermore, HL acts as an independent and positive mediator for many facets of HP. Conclusion: This review offers a warning to practitioners and educationists interested in measuring HL as the number of measurement tools is quite huge with different tools applying different scales.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42650057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ezati, Parisa Hosseinikoukamari, M. Karimy, Jordann N. Rawlins, Fatemeh Akbartabar, Paria Khalvandi
Background: Spiritual well-being and social support are important factors in reducing loneliness and depression, improving the quality of life, and successful aging in elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, social support, and happiness among elderly people. Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 434 elderly people recruited from the health centers of Saveh University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Eligible participants who matched the selection criteria were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. Socio-demographic information, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, social support, and the Oxford Happiness Scale were used as tools for data collection. Finally, all data were analyzed by SPSS, and a multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with happiness. Results: The mean scores of happiness, spiritual well-being, and social support were 64.0±13.2, 96.4±18.6, and 42.8±10.9, respectively. Overall, 211 (48.6%) elderly people had high levels of spiritual well-being. The findings indicated that 43% (R2=0.43) of the variance of change in happiness could be attributed to spiritual health, social support, and socio-demographic variables, including membership in non-governmental organizations, age, underlying disease status, marital status, and physical activity. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support play an important role in elderly happiness. The results of the current study might be considered a basis for planning health promotion programs among the elderly. It is recommended that authorities assist in meeting the social and spiritual needs of the elderly to increase their overall happiness.
{"title":"The Role of Spirituality and Social Support in Iranian Elderly Happiness: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"E. Ezati, Parisa Hosseinikoukamari, M. Karimy, Jordann N. Rawlins, Fatemeh Akbartabar, Paria Khalvandi","doi":"10.34172/jech.2023.1856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jech.2023.1856","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spiritual well-being and social support are important factors in reducing loneliness and depression, improving the quality of life, and successful aging in elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, social support, and happiness among elderly people. Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 434 elderly people recruited from the health centers of Saveh University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Eligible participants who matched the selection criteria were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. Socio-demographic information, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, social support, and the Oxford Happiness Scale were used as tools for data collection. Finally, all data were analyzed by SPSS, and a multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with happiness. Results: The mean scores of happiness, spiritual well-being, and social support were 64.0±13.2, 96.4±18.6, and 42.8±10.9, respectively. Overall, 211 (48.6%) elderly people had high levels of spiritual well-being. The findings indicated that 43% (R2=0.43) of the variance of change in happiness could be attributed to spiritual health, social support, and socio-demographic variables, including membership in non-governmental organizations, age, underlying disease status, marital status, and physical activity. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support play an important role in elderly happiness. The results of the current study might be considered a basis for planning health promotion programs among the elderly. It is recommended that authorities assist in meeting the social and spiritual needs of the elderly to increase their overall happiness.","PeriodicalId":36491,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Community Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42559497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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