Background: All over the world, chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP) occurs in children from 3.2% to 52% and takes 2nd place after diseases of the respiratory system. The main pathogen is Helicobacter pylori (HP), and the problem of studying endoscopic changes in the stomach and duodenum in n these children remains relevant. This study investigated changes observed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination of the mucous layer of the upper digestive tract in children CGDP and its features in HP infection. Methods: A total of 128 children aged 6 to 15 years exhibited CGDP. All patients underwent EGD, with a description of the visible mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Research on HP infection was carried out by two methods: a breath test and an immunochromatographic faecal test. Results: It was noted that the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was higher in patients with ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract than in patients with inflammatory processes (on average 1: 0.6). A high prevalence of gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux was revealed in patients with HP infection. In children with HP infection, atrophic lesions of the antrum and body of the stomach, bulbar and distal duodenum prevailed. Conclusions: Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers developed 94% more often in children with HP infection than in HP-uninfected patients (P<0.005), and atrophic changes in the mucous layer of the stomach and intestines were 4 times more common against the background of the more common gastroduodenal (by 77.6%) and duodenogastric (by 67.4%) reflux.
{"title":"Endoscopic changes in the gastrointestinal tract in children with helicobacteriosis","authors":"S. Turdieva","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: All over the world, chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP) occurs in children from 3.2% to 52% and takes 2nd place after diseases of the respiratory system. The main pathogen is Helicobacter pylori (HP), and the problem of studying endoscopic changes in the stomach and duodenum in n these children remains relevant. This study investigated changes observed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination of the mucous layer of the upper digestive tract in children CGDP and its features in HP infection. Methods: A total of 128 children aged 6 to 15 years exhibited CGDP. All patients underwent EGD, with a description of the visible mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Research on HP infection was carried out by two methods: a breath test and an immunochromatographic faecal test. Results: It was noted that the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was higher in patients with ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract than in patients with inflammatory processes (on average 1: 0.6). A high prevalence of gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux was revealed in patients with HP infection. In children with HP infection, atrophic lesions of the antrum and body of the stomach, bulbar and distal duodenum prevailed. Conclusions: Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers developed 94% more often in children with HP infection than in HP-uninfected patients (P<0.005), and atrophic changes in the mucous layer of the stomach and intestines were 4 times more common against the background of the more common gastroduodenal (by 77.6%) and duodenogastric (by 67.4%) reflux.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"448 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_213_22
Rawaq Hassan, S. Mohammed
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines represent the only way in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Studying the differences in immune response to different types of vaccines is considered an important tool for optimizing vaccine selection and dosage required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration following vaccination with Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Methods: A blood sample was obtained from 174 vaccinated persons, IgG levels were detected using the SARS-COV-2 IgG II Quant assay on the ARCHITECT I system. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS VERSION 24 software. Quantitative results are indicated as mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 60.3%, 33.9%, and 5.7% had received Pfizer, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca vaccines, respectively. Ninety participants were men and 84 were women with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years. IgG concentrations were higher in participants vaccinated with Pfizer's vaccine. There were significant differences among the three types of vaccine within age groups. The mean IgG concentration was higher in male participants vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca. No significant variation was observed between the first and second doses for each type of the three vaccines. The IgG concentration for a vaccination with Pfizer varied significantly among the weeks after vaccination, the maximum concentration was seen between the 6th and 7th weeks. Conclusions: Participants vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine produce the highest antibody concentration as compared to other vaccines, especially in male participants. Younger participants produce higher amount of antibody response.
背景：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗是抗击新冠肺炎大流行的唯一途径。研究对不同类型疫苗的免疫反应差异被认为是优化疫苗选择和所需剂量的重要工具。本研究的目的是评估接种辉瑞、阿斯利康和国药集团疫苗后的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）浓度。在2021年11月至2022年4月期间进行了一项横断面研究。方法：从174名接种疫苗的人身上采集血样，在ARCHITECT I系统上使用严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型IgG II定量分析法检测IgG水平。统计分析使用IBM SPSS VERSION 24软件。定量结果表示为平均值±标准偏差。统计学显著性水平设定为P＜0.05。结果：60.3%、33.9%和5.7%的人分别接种了辉瑞、国药集团和阿斯利康疫苗。90名参与者为男性，84名为女性，年龄从18岁到70岁不等。接种辉瑞疫苗的参与者的IgG浓度更高。三种疫苗在不同年龄组之间存在显著差异。接种辉瑞和阿斯利康疫苗的男性参与者的平均IgG浓度更高。三种疫苗中每种类型的第一剂和第二剂之间没有观察到显著差异。接种辉瑞疫苗的IgG浓度在接种后的几周内变化显著，最大浓度出现在第6周和第7周之间。结论：与其他疫苗相比，接种辉瑞疫苗的参与者产生的抗体浓度最高，尤其是男性参与者。年轻的参与者产生更高数量的抗体反应。
{"title":"Evaluation of immunoglobulin G level among subjects vaccinated with different types of COVID-19 vaccines in the karbala population, Iraq","authors":"Rawaq Hassan, S. Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_213_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_213_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines represent the only way in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Studying the differences in immune response to different types of vaccines is considered an important tool for optimizing vaccine selection and dosage required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration following vaccination with Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Methods: A blood sample was obtained from 174 vaccinated persons, IgG levels were detected using the SARS-COV-2 IgG II Quant assay on the ARCHITECT I system. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS VERSION 24 software. Quantitative results are indicated as mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 60.3%, 33.9%, and 5.7% had received Pfizer, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca vaccines, respectively. Ninety participants were men and 84 were women with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years. IgG concentrations were higher in participants vaccinated with Pfizer's vaccine. There were significant differences among the three types of vaccine within age groups. The mean IgG concentration was higher in male participants vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca. No significant variation was observed between the first and second doses for each type of the three vaccines. The IgG concentration for a vaccination with Pfizer varied significantly among the weeks after vaccination, the maximum concentration was seen between the 6th and 7th weeks. Conclusions: Participants vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine produce the highest antibody concentration as compared to other vaccines, especially in male participants. Younger participants produce higher amount of antibody response.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"466 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_129_22
N. Begum, M. Kabir
Background: Acinetobacter spp., emerging pathogens equipped with the competence to establish multitudinous severe infections in immunocompromised hosts, are grievous threats to human health. To tackle the enormous burden of disease caused by Acinetobacter spp., the headlong discovery and the advancement of novel therapies are of the essence at this juncture. The present study attempted to determine the antimicrobial effects of copper on the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. (Iso-03 and Iso-04). Methods: The potential deployment of copper-based antibacterial strategies against Acinetobacter spp. was assessed by exposing the isolates to the increasing concentrations of CuSO4 (from 2.5 to 1.5 mM) in liquid culture (M9 minimal medium) for 6 h and also through the exposure of them on solid metal surfaces (stainless steel and copper coupons) for 75 min, wherein the copper sensitivity and resistance of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were determined. Results: There was no interference with the growth of the isolates at the low concentrations, whereas the bacterial growth was affected by the high concentrations of CuSO4 at different levels. During the exposure on the solid metal coupons, no loss of viability of isolates was observed on stainless steel, however, the rapid death of isolates was discernible on copper surface, leading to a dramatic decrease in the number of colony-forming units (CFUs), eventually to the limit of detection (3 CFUs per coupon). Conclusion: This study substantiated that copper possesses antimicrobial properties which can be deployed in novel therapies for the prevention of the infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. and other emerging pathogens. Further studies on the sensitivity and resistance of Acinetobacter spp. to copper at the molecular genetics levels can open the door to better exploitation of this metal for the inhibition of the vigorous growth of drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.
{"title":"Determination of In vitro Antimicrobial activity of copper on the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp","authors":"N. Begum, M. Kabir","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_129_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_129_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acinetobacter spp., emerging pathogens equipped with the competence to establish multitudinous severe infections in immunocompromised hosts, are grievous threats to human health. To tackle the enormous burden of disease caused by Acinetobacter spp., the headlong discovery and the advancement of novel therapies are of the essence at this juncture. The present study attempted to determine the antimicrobial effects of copper on the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. (Iso-03 and Iso-04). Methods: The potential deployment of copper-based antibacterial strategies against Acinetobacter spp. was assessed by exposing the isolates to the increasing concentrations of CuSO4 (from 2.5 to 1.5 mM) in liquid culture (M9 minimal medium) for 6 h and also through the exposure of them on solid metal surfaces (stainless steel and copper coupons) for 75 min, wherein the copper sensitivity and resistance of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were determined. Results: There was no interference with the growth of the isolates at the low concentrations, whereas the bacterial growth was affected by the high concentrations of CuSO4 at different levels. During the exposure on the solid metal coupons, no loss of viability of isolates was observed on stainless steel, however, the rapid death of isolates was discernible on copper surface, leading to a dramatic decrease in the number of colony-forming units (CFUs), eventually to the limit of detection (3 CFUs per coupon). Conclusion: This study substantiated that copper possesses antimicrobial properties which can be deployed in novel therapies for the prevention of the infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. and other emerging pathogens. Further studies on the sensitivity and resistance of Acinetobacter spp. to copper at the molecular genetics levels can open the door to better exploitation of this metal for the inhibition of the vigorous growth of drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"360 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Azoz, B. Almugadam, O. M. Ibrahim, Y. Ahmed, A. Tayeb, Noor Eshagg, R. Hassan
Background: Helicobacter pylori infections are associated with significant morbidity. The study intended to screen H. pylori among symptomatic patients and assess the performance of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) test compared to stool Ag test as well as to investigate some clinical and hematology findings in H. pylori-seropositive persons. Methods: One hundred individuals with the clinical suspicion of infection by H. pylori and 100 control subjects matched for gender (χ2 = 0.026, P = 0.873) and age groups (χ2 = 5.303, P = 0.151) were recruited. Clinical assessment, endoscopy, anti-H. pylori IgG test, and stool for cagA Ag were performed to investigate H. pylori infection. White blood cells, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were also analyzed. Results: Vomiting and hematemesis were reported in 44% and 8% of the study group, respectively. Whereas, nausea, epigastric pain, and weight loss were observed in all (100%). Notably, gastritis and duodenal ulcer were detected in 100% and 80% of cases, respectively. Based on Immunochromatographic test (ICT), 75% and 78% of the study group were positive for anti-H. pylori Ab and cagA Ag of H. pylori, respectively. The odd of reported a positive result for H. pylori was less likely in females than males as determined by anti-H. pylori (odds ratio [OR]: 0.529, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.142–1.970, P: 0.343) and stool cagA Ag test (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.087–1.532, P: 0.168). Compared to the cagA Ag test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of anti-H. pylori test were 77.2%, 85.3%, 78.7%, 84.1%, and 81.9%, respectively. Interestingly, RBCs count, MCH, and Hb were significantly higher in the control compared to study cases, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Our results highlight the epidemiology of into H. pylori, assess the performance of anti H. pylori test compared to cagA Ag test, and demonstrate the direct link between some hematologic indices and H. pylori. Further studies are necessary to verify these findings.
{"title":"Detection, clinical features, and laboratory markers of H.pylori infection in individuals attended kosti teaching hospital, Sudan","authors":"M. Azoz, B. Almugadam, O. M. Ibrahim, Y. Ahmed, A. Tayeb, Noor Eshagg, R. Hassan","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_71_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_71_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori infections are associated with significant morbidity. The study intended to screen H. pylori among symptomatic patients and assess the performance of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) test compared to stool Ag test as well as to investigate some clinical and hematology findings in H. pylori-seropositive persons. Methods: One hundred individuals with the clinical suspicion of infection by H. pylori and 100 control subjects matched for gender (χ2 = 0.026, P = 0.873) and age groups (χ2 = 5.303, P = 0.151) were recruited. Clinical assessment, endoscopy, anti-H. pylori IgG test, and stool for cagA Ag were performed to investigate H. pylori infection. White blood cells, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were also analyzed. Results: Vomiting and hematemesis were reported in 44% and 8% of the study group, respectively. Whereas, nausea, epigastric pain, and weight loss were observed in all (100%). Notably, gastritis and duodenal ulcer were detected in 100% and 80% of cases, respectively. Based on Immunochromatographic test (ICT), 75% and 78% of the study group were positive for anti-H. pylori Ab and cagA Ag of H. pylori, respectively. The odd of reported a positive result for H. pylori was less likely in females than males as determined by anti-H. pylori (odds ratio [OR]: 0.529, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.142–1.970, P: 0.343) and stool cagA Ag test (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.087–1.532, P: 0.168). Compared to the cagA Ag test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of anti-H. pylori test were 77.2%, 85.3%, 78.7%, 84.1%, and 81.9%, respectively. Interestingly, RBCs count, MCH, and Hb were significantly higher in the control compared to study cases, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Our results highlight the epidemiology of into H. pylori, assess the performance of anti H. pylori test compared to cagA Ag test, and demonstrate the direct link between some hematologic indices and H. pylori. Further studies are necessary to verify these findings.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"278 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48350336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_248_21
Jinnenahalli Yodhaanjali, R. Achar
Angiogenesis is a well conserved biological process for vascular growth and development. A canonical approach towards angiogenesis as provided insight in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanism which differs in cancer angiogenesis. Vascular sprouting is a critical process in cancer metastasis and invasion, cancer cells release certain growth factors that can activate downstream signalling pathways to initiate VEGFR2 gene transcription further instigating angiogenesis via VEGFR2 receptors. Furthermore, paracrine signalling through these growth factor can directly bind to VEFGR2 causing its activation. There are several factors that has been procured by cancerous cells to sustain its survival. Over a period, studies have shown that there are various downstream signalling pathways taking part in cancer prognosis as most of the signalling pathways aim to inhibit endogenous VEGFR2 inhibitory molecules such as Thrombospondin. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and therefore hypoxia, changes in cellular pH, metabolic reprogramming, mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes have been the contributory factors for cancer cell growth. Understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism have paved its way in unsnarling the potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the role of adhesion molecules has also been studies they act as an adaptor molecule for an example αvβ6 in hippo pathway activates VEGFR for tip cell activity. Thereafter, focusing on these aspects of angiogenesis can provide several targets that would be used for developing and designing inhibitory antagonist, oncogene targeting drugs or anti-cancer drugs.
{"title":"Molecular facets and biochemical cross-talk of angiogenesis: Potential therapeutic targets","authors":"Jinnenahalli Yodhaanjali, R. Achar","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_248_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_248_21","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis is a well conserved biological process for vascular growth and development. A canonical approach towards angiogenesis as provided insight in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanism which differs in cancer angiogenesis. Vascular sprouting is a critical process in cancer metastasis and invasion, cancer cells release certain growth factors that can activate downstream signalling pathways to initiate VEGFR2 gene transcription further instigating angiogenesis via VEGFR2 receptors. Furthermore, paracrine signalling through these growth factor can directly bind to VEFGR2 causing its activation. There are several factors that has been procured by cancerous cells to sustain its survival. Over a period, studies have shown that there are various downstream signalling pathways taking part in cancer prognosis as most of the signalling pathways aim to inhibit endogenous VEGFR2 inhibitory molecules such as Thrombospondin. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and therefore hypoxia, changes in cellular pH, metabolic reprogramming, mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes have been the contributory factors for cancer cell growth. Understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism have paved its way in unsnarling the potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the role of adhesion molecules has also been studies they act as an adaptor molecule for an example αvβ6 in hippo pathway activates VEGFR for tip cell activity. Thereafter, focusing on these aspects of angiogenesis can provide several targets that would be used for developing and designing inhibitory antagonist, oncogene targeting drugs or anti-cancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"159 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_270_21
N. Jomehzadeh, K. Ahmadi, Z. Nasiri
Background: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, has become a global health concern. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes among E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) and evaluate their antibiotic resistance pattern. Methods: Totally 98 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of UTI-diagnosed patients. Antibiotic resistance and ESBL production were evaluated by disk diffusion and combined disk methods according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The biofilm formation ability of isolates was assessed using the tube adherence method. ESBL-positive isolates were screened for blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the examined isolates, 25 (25.5%) were detected as ESBL producers and harbored at least one of the studied genes. The blaCTX-M was the predominant (44%) gene, followed by blaTEM (24%) and blaSHV (8%). The isolates revealed variable resistance levels to all antimicrobials, out of which 55.1% were conferred a high resistance rate to different antibiotic classes and considered MDR. Phenotypically, 42.85% of the isolates were biofilm formers, of which the majority (38%) formed moderate biofilms. Conclusions: This study showed that the ESBL-positive isolates were more resistant to some first-line antibiotics, and this highlights the necessity to control and monitor the prescribed antibiotics used for empirical treatment for UTI patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli strains","authors":"N. Jomehzadeh, K. Ahmadi, Z. Nasiri","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_270_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_270_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, has become a global health concern. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes among E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) and evaluate their antibiotic resistance pattern. Methods: Totally 98 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of UTI-diagnosed patients. Antibiotic resistance and ESBL production were evaluated by disk diffusion and combined disk methods according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The biofilm formation ability of isolates was assessed using the tube adherence method. ESBL-positive isolates were screened for blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the examined isolates, 25 (25.5%) were detected as ESBL producers and harbored at least one of the studied genes. The blaCTX-M was the predominant (44%) gene, followed by blaTEM (24%) and blaSHV (8%). The isolates revealed variable resistance levels to all antimicrobials, out of which 55.1% were conferred a high resistance rate to different antibiotic classes and considered MDR. Phenotypically, 42.85% of the isolates were biofilm formers, of which the majority (38%) formed moderate biofilms. Conclusions: This study showed that the ESBL-positive isolates were more resistant to some first-line antibiotics, and this highlights the necessity to control and monitor the prescribed antibiotics used for empirical treatment for UTI patients.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"175 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fadaizadeh, Mohammad Sanaat, Ebrahim Yousefi, Niloofar S. Alizadeh
Background: The use of mobile phones in the field of medicine is rapidly increasing in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the top mobile applications based on superiority from the user's point of view and medical content. Methods: Information of each app was recorded in a Google Forms, especially designed for this purpose. The Bazaar App Store, which has two main categories for health: medicine and health and fitness, was used as a source for Persian-language Android applications. The apps of these two domains were installed, and our experts reviewed and rated them in terms of content and technical performance. Results: From a total of 3500 applications available in the App Store, 112 apps were selected. Of these, 76.8% were in the field of medicine and 23.2% in the field of health and fitness. The developers of the app consisted of four main groups: (1) nonhealth-care organization, (2) individual app developers, (3) health-care organization, and (4) university or academic research group. The top five major areas of services were: (1) general medical services, (2) addressing medical centers and online appointments, (3) drug information, (4) physical activity and (5) patient follow-up. Conclusion: The review of users' scores and comparing it with the scores of specialists showed that although people tend to use telemedicine services, since there is still no formally approved framework for design and scientific content of these applications, most apps operate in the field of general information and services.
{"title":"Mobile health: A comparative study of medical and health applications in Iran","authors":"L. Fadaizadeh, Mohammad Sanaat, Ebrahim Yousefi, Niloofar S. Alizadeh","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of mobile phones in the field of medicine is rapidly increasing in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the top mobile applications based on superiority from the user's point of view and medical content. Methods: Information of each app was recorded in a Google Forms, especially designed for this purpose. The Bazaar App Store, which has two main categories for health: medicine and health and fitness, was used as a source for Persian-language Android applications. The apps of these two domains were installed, and our experts reviewed and rated them in terms of content and technical performance. Results: From a total of 3500 applications available in the App Store, 112 apps were selected. Of these, 76.8% were in the field of medicine and 23.2% in the field of health and fitness. The developers of the app consisted of four main groups: (1) nonhealth-care organization, (2) individual app developers, (3) health-care organization, and (4) university or academic research group. The top five major areas of services were: (1) general medical services, (2) addressing medical centers and online appointments, (3) drug information, (4) physical activity and (5) patient follow-up. Conclusion: The review of users' scores and comparing it with the scores of specialists showed that although people tend to use telemedicine services, since there is still no formally approved framework for design and scientific content of these applications, most apps operate in the field of general information and services.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"249 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_273_21
S. Shreya, T. Islam, T. Ishma, Irin Polin, Fahim Nazia, M. Acharjee
Background: The rise of microbial illnesses caused by drug-resistant microflora is one of the most serious public health concerns, therefore identifying novel antimicrobial agents is crucial in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Methods: Present Investigation designated to assess the microbiological status of some naturally produced coal and coal mediated commercial products collected from Barapukuria Coal Mine Dinajpur and different retailer in Dhaka city, respectively through conventional cultural and biochemical tests. Moreover, the anti-bacterial potential of both categories of coal samples was also aimed to be checked by the agar well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: Out of 10 samples, total viable bacteria was estimated at high range in all the samples excluding the charcoal. In case of specific bacteria, only Staphylococcus spp. was found in both types of samples while Klebsiella spp. was found in coal mediated commercial products. Both categories of samples showed their anti-bacterial activity with satisfactory range of zone diameter (9 mm–26 mm). However, the naturally produced coal was unable to show their anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp. through agar well diffusion methods. Meanwhile, the minimal concentration of all the samples was successfully quantified as MIC value at which the bacterial growth was retarded. In case of naturally produced coal, the lowest concentration 4 mg/ml was recorded for wooden coal powder against Escherichia coli while the maximum concentration was estimated at 34 mg/ml. Conversely, the MIC value was varied between 4 mg/ml to 24 mg/ml in case of coal mediated commercial products. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the naturally produced coal and coal-mediated products have excellent antibacterial characteristics which indicating their economic potential for treating various infectious disorders.
背景:由耐药菌群引起的微生物疾病的增加是最严重的公共卫生问题之一，因此确定新的抗菌药物对于对抗多重耐药菌株至关重要。方法:采用常规培养和生化检测的方法，对从达喀市Dinajpur Barapukuria煤矿和不同零售商采集的一些天然产煤和煤介导的商品进行微生物状况评估。此外，还通过琼脂孔扩散法和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法检测了两类煤样品的抑菌潜力。结果:在10份样品中，除木炭外，所有样品的活菌总数均在高范围内。在特定细菌方面，两类样品均仅检出葡萄球菌，而煤介导的商品中检出克雷伯氏菌。两类样品均具有良好的抑菌活性，抑菌范围为9 mm ~ 26 mm。然而，通过琼脂孔扩散法，天然产煤对芽孢杆菌、志贺氏菌和弧菌的抑菌活性不明显。同时，所有样品的最小浓度都被成功地量化为MIC值，在MIC值下细菌生长受到阻碍。在天然产煤中，木煤粉对大肠杆菌的最低浓度为4 mg/ml，而最大浓度估计为34 mg/ml。相反，对于煤介导的商业产品，MIC值在4 mg/ml至24 mg/ml之间变化。结论:天然产煤及其介导产物具有良好的抗菌特性，具有治疗多种感染性疾病的经济潜力。
{"title":"Screening the in-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Different Naturally Produced Coal and Coal Mediated Commercial Products on Clinically Isolated Pathogens","authors":"S. Shreya, T. Islam, T. Ishma, Irin Polin, Fahim Nazia, M. Acharjee","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_273_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_273_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rise of microbial illnesses caused by drug-resistant microflora is one of the most serious public health concerns, therefore identifying novel antimicrobial agents is crucial in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Methods: Present Investigation designated to assess the microbiological status of some naturally produced coal and coal mediated commercial products collected from Barapukuria Coal Mine Dinajpur and different retailer in Dhaka city, respectively through conventional cultural and biochemical tests. Moreover, the anti-bacterial potential of both categories of coal samples was also aimed to be checked by the agar well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: Out of 10 samples, total viable bacteria was estimated at high range in all the samples excluding the charcoal. In case of specific bacteria, only Staphylococcus spp. was found in both types of samples while Klebsiella spp. was found in coal mediated commercial products. Both categories of samples showed their anti-bacterial activity with satisfactory range of zone diameter (9 mm–26 mm). However, the naturally produced coal was unable to show their anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp. through agar well diffusion methods. Meanwhile, the minimal concentration of all the samples was successfully quantified as MIC value at which the bacterial growth was retarded. In case of naturally produced coal, the lowest concentration 4 mg/ml was recorded for wooden coal powder against Escherichia coli while the maximum concentration was estimated at 34 mg/ml. Conversely, the MIC value was varied between 4 mg/ml to 24 mg/ml in case of coal mediated commercial products. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the naturally produced coal and coal-mediated products have excellent antibacterial characteristics which indicating their economic potential for treating various infectious disorders.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"180 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45936461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhanashree Kherade, V. Tambe, Anupa Wagh, Prajakta B. Kothawade
Background: Crocetin, an active constituent derived from Crocus sativus L. and Gardenia jasminoides, has shown to have multiple pharmacological activities such as memory booster, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. Clinical trials on Saffron extract and a preclinical trial of Crocetin for neurodegenerative diseases directs probable use of Crocin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Crocin metabolizes into Crocetin after administration. The affinity of Crocetin to different receptor for AD on the basis of molecular docking has not yet been investigated. The present study was aimed to identify the affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in Alzheimer's pathogenesis by docking. Autodock Tools (MGL Tools), PYMOL, AutoDock Vina, Discovery studio 2021 client and SwissADME were used. Molecular docking simulation showed significant binding affinity of Crocetin to various receptors. It was found to bind significantly with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). The results obtained suggest the usefulness of Crocetin in AD. Context: In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity of Crocetin on different receptors related to AD by performing molecular docking studies. Aim: Determination of binding affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in AD. Settings and Design: Auto dock vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Auto dock Tools, Chemsketch, Swiss ADME. Methods: Molecular docking. Results: The Crocetin was found to have significant binding affinity to different receptors such as Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). Conclusions: The present study focuses on docking of Crocetin with different receptors related to the treatment of AD. The Crocetin was found to have a significant binding affinity with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol) while it exhibits moderate binding with receptor-like peroxisome proliferator-activated ϒ receptor (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol), cannabinoid receptors (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol) and ryanodine receptor (binding energy-7.0 kcal/mol). It showed the best potential to be developed into an anti-Alzheimer's drug due to its binding with multiple targets. From drug likeliness properties it can be seen that Crocetin can be absorbed by the human body and does not violate the Lipinski rule. Limitations of Study: Theoretical predictions are just consultative and have to be carefully verified by in vivo experiments.
背景：番红花素是一种从番红花和栀子中提取的活性成分，已被证明具有多种药理活性，如增强记忆、抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用。藏红花提取物的临床试验和番红花素治疗神经退行性疾病的临床前试验指导了番红花素在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的可能用途。Crocin在给药后代谢为Crocetin。基于分子对接的Crocetin对AD不同受体的亲和力尚未得到研究。本研究旨在通过对接鉴定Crocetin与阿尔茨海默病发病机制中不同受体的亲和力。使用了Autodock Tools（MGL Tools）、PYMOL、Autodock Vina、Discovery studio 2021客户端和SwissADME。分子对接模拟显示Crocetin对各种受体具有显著的结合亲和力。发现它与不同的受体显著结合，如维生素D受体（结合能-7.9 kcal/mol）、晚期糖基化终产物受体（结合力-7.5 kcal/mol和NOD样受体pyrin结构域含3（结合能7.4 kcal/mol。所获得的结果表明Crocetin在AD中的作用。背景：在本研究中，我们通过分子对接研究研究了Crocetin对与AD相关的不同受体的结合亲和力。目的：测定Crocetin与AD中不同受体的结合亲和力。设置和设计：Auto dock vina，Pymol，Discovery studio，Auto dock Tools，Chemsketch，Swiss ADME。方法：分子对接。结果：发现Crocetin对不同受体具有显著的结合亲和力，如维生素D受体（结合能-7.9kcal/mol）、晚期糖基化终产物受体（结合力-7.5kcal/mol。结论：本研究的重点是Crocetin与AD治疗相关的不同受体的对接。发现Crocetin对不同受体具有显著的结合亲和力，如维生素D受体（结合能-7.9kcal/mol）、晚期糖化终产物受体，和NOD样受体pyrin结构域含-3（结合能-7.9 kcal/mol），而它与受体样过氧化物酶体增殖物激活的受体（结合能7.1 kcal/mol mol）、大麻素受体（结合力7.1 kcal/ol）和ryanodine受体（结合能量7.0 kca/mol）表现出适度结合。由于其与多个靶点的结合，它显示出被开发成抗阿尔茨海默病药物的最佳潜力。从药物的相似性可以看出，Crocetin可以被人体吸收，并且不违反Lipinski规则。研究局限性：理论预测只是咨询性的，必须通过体内实验仔细验证。
{"title":"A comparative molecular docking study of crocetin with multiple receptors for the treatment of alzheimer's disease","authors":"Dhanashree Kherade, V. Tambe, Anupa Wagh, Prajakta B. Kothawade","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crocetin, an active constituent derived from Crocus sativus L. and Gardenia jasminoides, has shown to have multiple pharmacological activities such as memory booster, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. Clinical trials on Saffron extract and a preclinical trial of Crocetin for neurodegenerative diseases directs probable use of Crocin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Crocin metabolizes into Crocetin after administration. The affinity of Crocetin to different receptor for AD on the basis of molecular docking has not yet been investigated. The present study was aimed to identify the affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in Alzheimer's pathogenesis by docking. Autodock Tools (MGL Tools), PYMOL, AutoDock Vina, Discovery studio 2021 client and SwissADME were used. Molecular docking simulation showed significant binding affinity of Crocetin to various receptors. It was found to bind significantly with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). The results obtained suggest the usefulness of Crocetin in AD. Context: In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity of Crocetin on different receptors related to AD by performing molecular docking studies. Aim: Determination of binding affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in AD. Settings and Design: Auto dock vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Auto dock Tools, Chemsketch, Swiss ADME. Methods: Molecular docking. Results: The Crocetin was found to have significant binding affinity to different receptors such as Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). Conclusions: The present study focuses on docking of Crocetin with different receptors related to the treatment of AD. The Crocetin was found to have a significant binding affinity with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol) while it exhibits moderate binding with receptor-like peroxisome proliferator-activated ϒ receptor (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol), cannabinoid receptors (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol) and ryanodine receptor (binding energy-7.0 kcal/mol). It showed the best potential to be developed into an anti-Alzheimer's drug due to its binding with multiple targets. From drug likeliness properties it can be seen that Crocetin can be absorbed by the human body and does not violate the Lipinski rule. Limitations of Study: Theoretical predictions are just consultative and have to be carefully verified by in vivo experiments.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"230 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_242_21
F. AL-Khikani
The extended spectrum of antifungal triazole such as posaconazole (POS) and itraconazole (ITZ) shows the active efficacy for prophylaxis and treatment of an invasive fungal infection that may cause various infections such as respiratory diseases. Active azoles' derivatives, especially POS and ITZ, with high biological efficacy and low toxicity have made new advances in azoles' compounds as antimicrobials. Recently, some studies focused on the potential antimicrobial action of POS and ITZ against some viruses such as influenza A virus, Ebola virus, and enteroviruses. In general, new treatment research is needed due to the continued expansion of viral diseases and the exponential growth in mortality rates. By discussing the most recent information about the antiviral action of POS and ITZ against certain viral infections, as well as attempting to gain a deep understanding of the major properties, mechanisms of action, immune system responses, and antimicrobial activity of POS and ITZ, this review may serve as an impetus for researchers working in the field of medical microbiology and antiviral drug design. Since the antiviral activity of POS and ITZ against various viruses by different mechanisms of actions including enveloped viral infection, besides its other unique properties such as prophylactic feature and host immunomodulatory effects, as a result of our review, it appears that POS and ITZ, as effective antifungi drugs, may offer the possibility of developing a novel therapeutic alternative or synergistic treatment for certain viruses.
{"title":"Itraconazole and posaconazole from antifungal to antiviral drugs","authors":"F. AL-Khikani","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_242_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_242_21","url":null,"abstract":"The extended spectrum of antifungal triazole such as posaconazole (POS) and itraconazole (ITZ) shows the active efficacy for prophylaxis and treatment of an invasive fungal infection that may cause various infections such as respiratory diseases. Active azoles' derivatives, especially POS and ITZ, with high biological efficacy and low toxicity have made new advances in azoles' compounds as antimicrobials. Recently, some studies focused on the potential antimicrobial action of POS and ITZ against some viruses such as influenza A virus, Ebola virus, and enteroviruses. In general, new treatment research is needed due to the continued expansion of viral diseases and the exponential growth in mortality rates. By discussing the most recent information about the antiviral action of POS and ITZ against certain viral infections, as well as attempting to gain a deep understanding of the major properties, mechanisms of action, immune system responses, and antimicrobial activity of POS and ITZ, this review may serve as an impetus for researchers working in the field of medical microbiology and antiviral drug design. Since the antiviral activity of POS and ITZ against various viruses by different mechanisms of actions including enveloped viral infection, besides its other unique properties such as prophylactic feature and host immunomodulatory effects, as a result of our review, it appears that POS and ITZ, as effective antifungi drugs, may offer the possibility of developing a novel therapeutic alternative or synergistic treatment for certain viruses.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"52 5","pages":"164 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41260039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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