Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_312_22
Pooja Gadkari, S. Daharwal
Background: Punicalagin is the main phenolic compound present in pomegranate (Punica granatum), it possesses various kinds of activities which is very essential as a dietary supplement, herbal supplements, or nutraceuticals are widely available in the market and are used clinically for various therapeutic activities, in the recent years, especially in the pandemic period of COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to standardize herbal medicines for quality control, quantitative analysis for purity, and routine analysis. The punicalagin shows potential antiviral activity against the SARS-COV-2 virus, the literature review reveals that punicalagin is the area of interest during the recent research studies, and the present work deals with the quantitative analysis of punicalagin from high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in marketed herbal preparation and the in-house preparation. Methods: The method development and quantitative analysis of punicalagin in pomegranate are developed using the solvent system chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4:3:3 v/v/v), and the method is successfully developed. Results: The punicalagin is quantified at 257 nm, acid (4:3:3). The content found in the various samples in PGGO is 3.207 mg, in PGBB is 1.257 mg, in PGNV is 1.743 mg, in PGWE is 807.6μg, in PGDF is 835.2 μg, and in in-house is 867.2 μg of punicalagin, from 1 g of each sample. Conclusion: The method was successfully developed, but there was no method developed for punicalagin in HPTLC, this is the novel approach we have done, and the method can be used for routine analysis.
{"title":"Quantification of punicalagin in pomegranate peels from high-performance thin-layer chromatography","authors":"Pooja Gadkari, S. Daharwal","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_312_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_312_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Punicalagin is the main phenolic compound present in pomegranate (Punica granatum), it possesses various kinds of activities which is very essential as a dietary supplement, herbal supplements, or nutraceuticals are widely available in the market and are used clinically for various therapeutic activities, in the recent years, especially in the pandemic period of COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to standardize herbal medicines for quality control, quantitative analysis for purity, and routine analysis. The punicalagin shows potential antiviral activity against the SARS-COV-2 virus, the literature review reveals that punicalagin is the area of interest during the recent research studies, and the present work deals with the quantitative analysis of punicalagin from high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in marketed herbal preparation and the in-house preparation. Methods: The method development and quantitative analysis of punicalagin in pomegranate are developed using the solvent system chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4:3:3 v/v/v), and the method is successfully developed. Results: The punicalagin is quantified at 257 nm, acid (4:3:3). The content found in the various samples in PGGO is 3.207 mg, in PGBB is 1.257 mg, in PGNV is 1.743 mg, in PGWE is 807.6μg, in PGDF is 835.2 μg, and in in-house is 867.2 μg of punicalagin, from 1 g of each sample. Conclusion: The method was successfully developed, but there was no method developed for punicalagin in HPTLC, this is the novel approach we have done, and the method can be used for routine analysis.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"586 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49039880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_237_22
E. Ahmed, Elsir Groun, B. Almugadam, Nadir Abuzeid
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant pathogen that causes various types of human diseases which range from mild to fatal illness. This work was designed to assess the value of symptoms in the prediction of disease and macrolides resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study during 2020–2021 in Kosti Teaching Hospital (Kosti city, Sudan) to evaluate the link between symptoms with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. Streptococcal tonsillitis was diagnosed by throat swabs culture, and macrolides resistance was detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Results: There was no significant variation in the mean of reported symptoms between gender and residence. Macrolides resistance and resistance genes had no significant effect on symptoms. On correlation analysis, age and education level were negatively correlated with symptoms score. Conclusions: The study highlights the link between symptoms with GAS tonsillitis and suggests the requirement for more care in children.
{"title":"Performance of clinical features as predictor of streptococcal tonsillitis and macrolides resistance","authors":"E. Ahmed, Elsir Groun, B. Almugadam, Nadir Abuzeid","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_237_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_237_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant pathogen that causes various types of human diseases which range from mild to fatal illness. This work was designed to assess the value of symptoms in the prediction of disease and macrolides resistance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study during 2020–2021 in Kosti Teaching Hospital (Kosti city, Sudan) to evaluate the link between symptoms with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. Streptococcal tonsillitis was diagnosed by throat swabs culture, and macrolides resistance was detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Results: There was no significant variation in the mean of reported symptoms between gender and residence. Macrolides resistance and resistance genes had no significant effect on symptoms. On correlation analysis, age and education level were negatively correlated with symptoms score. Conclusions: The study highlights the link between symptoms with GAS tonsillitis and suggests the requirement for more care in children.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"515 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45484327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_311_22
F. Arslan, S. Yalçın, I. Karahan
Background: Emerging evidence has linked lipid metabolism disorder with lung diseases, but the relationship between blood lipid profile and lung cancer risk is controversial and inconclusive. It was aimed to investigate the relationship of lipid levels and ratios at the time of diagnosis to the prognosis prediction of lung cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic and disease-related clinical characteristics of 92 patients diagnosed with lung cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with available lipid parameters at the time of diagnosis were evaluated. Hemogram parameters of the patients included in the study, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, alanine aminotransferase level, albumin level, C-reactive protein level, as well as total cholesterol (TC)/high-density cholesterol (HDL) ratio, non-HDL/HDL ratio, low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratio, and triglyceride/HDL ratios were examined. Results: The mean age at presentation was 64.2 ± 9.1 years. The distribution of lung cancers is 6 (6.5%) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 86 (93.5%) for non-SCLC. The median follow-up period of the patients is 12 months. During the follow-up, 63 (68.5%) of the patients died. In the univariate analysis, increased non-HDL/HDL ratio was related to mortality. In multivariate analysis, disease stage, albumin level, and TC level were found to be variables affecting the mortality. Conclusion: TC levels at the time of diagnosis can be a guide in determining the prognosis. More experimental studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the lipid metabolism and lung cancer etiology and to determine the role of lipid levels and ratios in prognosis prediction.
{"title":"The prediction of lung cancer prognosis with blood lipid levels and ratios at the time of diagnosis","authors":"F. Arslan, S. Yalçın, I. Karahan","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_311_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_311_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emerging evidence has linked lipid metabolism disorder with lung diseases, but the relationship between blood lipid profile and lung cancer risk is controversial and inconclusive. It was aimed to investigate the relationship of lipid levels and ratios at the time of diagnosis to the prognosis prediction of lung cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic and disease-related clinical characteristics of 92 patients diagnosed with lung cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with available lipid parameters at the time of diagnosis were evaluated. Hemogram parameters of the patients included in the study, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, alanine aminotransferase level, albumin level, C-reactive protein level, as well as total cholesterol (TC)/high-density cholesterol (HDL) ratio, non-HDL/HDL ratio, low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratio, and triglyceride/HDL ratios were examined. Results: The mean age at presentation was 64.2 ± 9.1 years. The distribution of lung cancers is 6 (6.5%) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 86 (93.5%) for non-SCLC. The median follow-up period of the patients is 12 months. During the follow-up, 63 (68.5%) of the patients died. In the univariate analysis, increased non-HDL/HDL ratio was related to mortality. In multivariate analysis, disease stage, albumin level, and TC level were found to be variables affecting the mortality. Conclusion: TC levels at the time of diagnosis can be a guide in determining the prognosis. More experimental studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the lipid metabolism and lung cancer etiology and to determine the role of lipid levels and ratios in prognosis prediction.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"556 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48262689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashed Bawand, S. Borzouei, Seid Salimbahrami, Vida Sheikh
Background: The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism. On the other hand, primary hyperthyroidism is one of the most common disorders of the endocrine system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences between outcomes of drug therapy with Methimazole & Propylthiouracil (PTU), radioactive Iodine therapy, and surgical procedures as the three most common therapeutic options for primary hyperthyroidism- in patients with Graves' disease, toxic thyroid adenoma, and Toxic Multi Nodular Goiter (TMNG). Methods: This observational study was performed prospectively, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 316 patients with a definite diagnosis of TNMG, toxic adenoma, or Graves' disease, remained in the study. For each patient, one of the therapeutic methods of administration of anti-thyroid drugs, the use of radioactive Iodine, or the use of thyroid surgery was chosen and applied, and during the study period, all patients were followed and evaluated. Results: In this study, 316 patients with primary hyperthyroidism were evaluated, of which 238 (75.31%) patients had Graves' disease, 23 (7.27%) patients had toxic adenoma, and 55 (17.40%) patients had TNMG. The symptoms of thyrotoxicosis syndrome were more common in Graves' disease than in other groups. In this study, 63.82% of drug takers, 20.90% of radioactive Iodine receivers, and 5.26% of patients who had gone under surgery became euthyroid. In addition, 83.27% of drug consumers did not have any side effects. Most patients receiving radioactive Iodine and surgical procedures developed hypothyroidism after treatment, while only 1.70% of those taking anti-thyroid drugs developed this complication. Nevertheless, the failure rate in the drug therapy was highest among all three methods by a percentage of 34.47%. Conclusion: This study suggests a prominent role of drug therapy in the treatment of patients with Graves' disease and TMNG, and in contrast, reduces the role of radioactive Iodine in the treatment of these diseases. However, it is difficult to comment on the treatment of toxic thyroid adenoma based on the findings of this study.
{"title":"Comparison of clinical efficacy of antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy for treatment of patients with graves' disease, toxic thyroid adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter","authors":"Rashed Bawand, S. Borzouei, Seid Salimbahrami, Vida Sheikh","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_99_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_99_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism. On the other hand, primary hyperthyroidism is one of the most common disorders of the endocrine system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences between outcomes of drug therapy with Methimazole & Propylthiouracil (PTU), radioactive Iodine therapy, and surgical procedures as the three most common therapeutic options for primary hyperthyroidism- in patients with Graves' disease, toxic thyroid adenoma, and Toxic Multi Nodular Goiter (TMNG). Methods: This observational study was performed prospectively, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 316 patients with a definite diagnosis of TNMG, toxic adenoma, or Graves' disease, remained in the study. For each patient, one of the therapeutic methods of administration of anti-thyroid drugs, the use of radioactive Iodine, or the use of thyroid surgery was chosen and applied, and during the study period, all patients were followed and evaluated. Results: In this study, 316 patients with primary hyperthyroidism were evaluated, of which 238 (75.31%) patients had Graves' disease, 23 (7.27%) patients had toxic adenoma, and 55 (17.40%) patients had TNMG. The symptoms of thyrotoxicosis syndrome were more common in Graves' disease than in other groups. In this study, 63.82% of drug takers, 20.90% of radioactive Iodine receivers, and 5.26% of patients who had gone under surgery became euthyroid. In addition, 83.27% of drug consumers did not have any side effects. Most patients receiving radioactive Iodine and surgical procedures developed hypothyroidism after treatment, while only 1.70% of those taking anti-thyroid drugs developed this complication. Nevertheless, the failure rate in the drug therapy was highest among all three methods by a percentage of 34.47%. Conclusion: This study suggests a prominent role of drug therapy in the treatment of patients with Graves' disease and TMNG, and in contrast, reduces the role of radioactive Iodine in the treatment of these diseases. However, it is difficult to comment on the treatment of toxic thyroid adenoma based on the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"569 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45034026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_300_22
R. Aliyu, P. Omosigho, M. Olaniyan
Background: Protozoan and helminthes infections are common parasitic infections in Nigeria associated with fatal complications if not detected early or neglected. This work, therefore, investigated parasitic infections among pupils in Kwara Senatorial Districts for useful information for preventive healthcare. Methods: Stool, urine, and blood samples of 638 subjects (Kwara Central: 152; Kwara South: 263 and Kwara North: 223) were examined for parasites using concentration techniques, Giemsa staining, and microscopy. Results: The results obtained showed the overall prevalence of pupils infected with parasites in Kwara state was 17.9% (114/638). The result obtained in Kwara Central indicated that 15.1% (23/152) of the pupils were infected with parasites. In Kwara South, 2.66% (7/263) of the pupils were infected with parasites. In Kwara North, 37.7% (84/223) were infected with parasites. Distribution of parasitic infection in primary school pupils in Kwara State was: 60.5% (69) Ascaris Lumbricoides; 12.2% (14) Schistosoma mansoni; 8.8% (10) Hookworm; 9.7% (11) Entamoeba histolytica; 4.4% (5) Fassiola gigantical; 2.6% (3) Plasmodium spp., and 1.8% (2) Schistosoma haematobium. The distribution of parasitic infections among the pupils based on age included: 0% (0) (1–5 years). 55.3% (63) (6–10 years) 43.8% (50) (11–15 years), and 0.9% (1) (16–20 years). Conclusion: The parasitic infections among pupils in Kwara Senatorial Districts were lower than the prevalence earlier reported, possibly due to the intervention of donor agents and health promotion. The infection also varied across the three Kwara State Senatorial districts and age categories which might be due to the level of hygiene, degree of intervention, practices, accessibility to portable water, and health facilities.
{"title":"Parasitic infections among pupils in three kwara senatorial districts, Nigeria","authors":"R. Aliyu, P. Omosigho, M. Olaniyan","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_300_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_300_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Protozoan and helminthes infections are common parasitic infections in Nigeria associated with fatal complications if not detected early or neglected. This work, therefore, investigated parasitic infections among pupils in Kwara Senatorial Districts for useful information for preventive healthcare. Methods: Stool, urine, and blood samples of 638 subjects (Kwara Central: 152; Kwara South: 263 and Kwara North: 223) were examined for parasites using concentration techniques, Giemsa staining, and microscopy. Results: The results obtained showed the overall prevalence of pupils infected with parasites in Kwara state was 17.9% (114/638). The result obtained in Kwara Central indicated that 15.1% (23/152) of the pupils were infected with parasites. In Kwara South, 2.66% (7/263) of the pupils were infected with parasites. In Kwara North, 37.7% (84/223) were infected with parasites. Distribution of parasitic infection in primary school pupils in Kwara State was: 60.5% (69) Ascaris Lumbricoides; 12.2% (14) Schistosoma mansoni; 8.8% (10) Hookworm; 9.7% (11) Entamoeba histolytica; 4.4% (5) Fassiola gigantical; 2.6% (3) Plasmodium spp., and 1.8% (2) Schistosoma haematobium. The distribution of parasitic infections among the pupils based on age included: 0% (0) (1–5 years). 55.3% (63) (6–10 years) 43.8% (50) (11–15 years), and 0.9% (1) (16–20 years). Conclusion: The parasitic infections among pupils in Kwara Senatorial Districts were lower than the prevalence earlier reported, possibly due to the intervention of donor agents and health promotion. The infection also varied across the three Kwara State Senatorial districts and age categories which might be due to the level of hygiene, degree of intervention, practices, accessibility to portable water, and health facilities.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"489 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45277872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_289_22
Awanish Kumar
Background: Currently, a massive surge of Omicron (a new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) is experiencing in several continents of the world (Asia, Europe, USA, etc.). Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the third variant of concern (VOC) that has emerged now in the COVID-19 pandemic after the Alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC (first reported in the UK in December 2020, followed by Delta (B.1.617.2) in mid-2021 in India). Omicron variant was emerged in South Africa and has now found in several countries. Methods: The spread of variants cannot be stopped because countries of the world are connected. This new variant can evade COVID-19 vaccine response and is highly transmissible because Omicron is differing from other variants in many aspects. Omicron has more mutations as compared to Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Results: It was detected early on a global scale relative to other variants. The more opportunities viruses have to spread, the more it will replicate, the more opportunities virus has to undergo mutations, and create new variants. Omicron may not be horrible and serious as compared to Delta, but its early detection could prevent people. Omicron is an upper respiratory infection, whereas Delta resides in lower respiratory tract. Spread of Omicron is fast, but nothing can say about its severity because there is not much information available on Omicron. Conclusions: Currently, scientists and epidemiologists are working tirelessly together to find out what Omicron can do. This article explains genome structure of SARS-CoV-2, its pathogenesis, global upsurge, devastation, and future prospect.
{"title":"Omicron, a New Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Virus: Global Upsurge, Devastation, and Future Prospect","authors":"Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_289_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_289_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently, a massive surge of Omicron (a new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) is experiencing in several continents of the world (Asia, Europe, USA, etc.). Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the third variant of concern (VOC) that has emerged now in the COVID-19 pandemic after the Alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC (first reported in the UK in December 2020, followed by Delta (B.1.617.2) in mid-2021 in India). Omicron variant was emerged in South Africa and has now found in several countries. Methods: The spread of variants cannot be stopped because countries of the world are connected. This new variant can evade COVID-19 vaccine response and is highly transmissible because Omicron is differing from other variants in many aspects. Omicron has more mutations as compared to Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Results: It was detected early on a global scale relative to other variants. The more opportunities viruses have to spread, the more it will replicate, the more opportunities virus has to undergo mutations, and create new variants. Omicron may not be horrible and serious as compared to Delta, but its early detection could prevent people. Omicron is an upper respiratory infection, whereas Delta resides in lower respiratory tract. Spread of Omicron is fast, but nothing can say about its severity because there is not much information available on Omicron. Conclusions: Currently, scientists and epidemiologists are working tirelessly together to find out what Omicron can do. This article explains genome structure of SARS-CoV-2, its pathogenesis, global upsurge, devastation, and future prospect.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"594 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45779668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_224_22
M. Sakyiamah, Evans Larbi, S. Kwofie
Background: Blastomyces dermatitidis poses health threats to humans due to the frequency of infections (blastomycosis) and the increasing resistance to existing standard antifungal drugs. Moreover, the use of experimental in vitro and in vivo approaches in search for potent drug candidates is costly and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of some reported phytoconstituents of Ageratum conyzoides against key enzymes of B. dermatitidis using in silico approach. Methods: A total of 29 reported bioactive compounds previously isolated from the leaves of A. conyzoides were randomly selected by a literature survey and their 3D Structure Data File (SDF) structures were downloaded from PubChem database. Applying molecular docking and dynamics simulation techniques, the phytoconstituents (ligands) were docked with the binding ligand pocket of three simulated enzymes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, human squalene epoxidase, and thymidylate synthase from Pneumocystis carinii using AutoDock 4.0 software and the poses that showed lowest binding energies were visualized using LigPlot+. Results: The results obtained from the docking studies of the selected phytoconstituents in A. conyzoides leaves showed that 4 out of the 29 ligands (sitosterol, catechin, stigmasterol, and 5-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoic acid) interacted with and showed very good binding affinity toward the 3 crucial antifungal drug target receptors, and exhibited significant inhibition compared to the standard drugs. Conclusion: Therefore, sitosterol, catechin, stigmasterol, and 5-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoic acid from A. conyzoides leaves hold a promising potential to be explored for their antifungal activities.
{"title":"In silico-based identification of some selected phytoconstituents in Ageratum conyzoides Leaves as potential inhibitors of crucial proteins of Blastomyces dermatitidis","authors":"M. Sakyiamah, Evans Larbi, S. Kwofie","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_224_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_224_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blastomyces dermatitidis poses health threats to humans due to the frequency of infections (blastomycosis) and the increasing resistance to existing standard antifungal drugs. Moreover, the use of experimental in vitro and in vivo approaches in search for potent drug candidates is costly and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of some reported phytoconstituents of Ageratum conyzoides against key enzymes of B. dermatitidis using in silico approach. Methods: A total of 29 reported bioactive compounds previously isolated from the leaves of A. conyzoides were randomly selected by a literature survey and their 3D Structure Data File (SDF) structures were downloaded from PubChem database. Applying molecular docking and dynamics simulation techniques, the phytoconstituents (ligands) were docked with the binding ligand pocket of three simulated enzymes; Saccharomyces cerevisiae lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, human squalene epoxidase, and thymidylate synthase from Pneumocystis carinii using AutoDock 4.0 software and the poses that showed lowest binding energies were visualized using LigPlot+. Results: The results obtained from the docking studies of the selected phytoconstituents in A. conyzoides leaves showed that 4 out of the 29 ligands (sitosterol, catechin, stigmasterol, and 5-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoic acid) interacted with and showed very good binding affinity toward the 3 crucial antifungal drug target receptors, and exhibited significant inhibition compared to the standard drugs. Conclusion: Therefore, sitosterol, catechin, stigmasterol, and 5-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoic acid from A. conyzoides leaves hold a promising potential to be explored for their antifungal activities.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"501 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_133_22
A. Khan, R. Kumar, S. Arora, S. Ranga
Intestinal amebiasis remains asymptomatic in 90% of cases. Only 4%–10% of individuals monitored for 1 year develop colitis. Amebic colitis evolves to fulminant colitis or rupture in 0.5% of cases. In such scenario, mortality exceeds 50%. We report the case of a 55-year-old male who presented with signs of perforation and was taken up for surgery immediately. On histopathological examination, Entamoeba was diagnosed as the underlying cause of fulminant colitis.
{"title":"Fulminant amebic colitis: A rare and elusive complication","authors":"A. Khan, R. Kumar, S. Arora, S. Ranga","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_133_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_133_22","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal amebiasis remains asymptomatic in 90% of cases. Only 4%–10% of individuals monitored for 1 year develop colitis. Amebic colitis evolves to fulminant colitis or rupture in 0.5% of cases. In such scenario, mortality exceeds 50%. We report the case of a 55-year-old male who presented with signs of perforation and was taken up for surgery immediately. On histopathological examination, Entamoeba was diagnosed as the underlying cause of fulminant colitis.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"591 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_240_22
A. Al-taie, Oritsetimeyin Arueyingho
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are largely consumed by adolescents and sports youths without understanding safety precautions and associated side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use, including the occurrence of side effects of EDs among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia province, Northern Cyprus, using a structured three-part questionnaire, consisting of 22 items to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use of EDs. Results: The most common reported adverse effects were insomnia and palpitations (24%), diuresis (18.7%), headache (17.7%), and stress (15.6%). The study participants reported a statistically significant low knowledge about the ingredients of EDs (P < 0.0001) and side effects of EDs (P = 0.05). Although statistically nonsignificant, the study participants also reported a low knowledge about ED intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: There is still a lack of knowledge regarding ED consumption among the adolescents and sports youths in Northern Cyprus reported by low level of knowledge about the ingredients of EDs, their potential effects, and incidence of side effects along with correct consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic which creates a barrier to healthy dietary patterns.
{"title":"Insights into patterns of knowledge, practices, and safety use of energy drinks: A cross-sectional observational study","authors":"A. Al-taie, Oritsetimeyin Arueyingho","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_240_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_240_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are largely consumed by adolescents and sports youths without understanding safety precautions and associated side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use, including the occurrence of side effects of EDs among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia province, Northern Cyprus, using a structured three-part questionnaire, consisting of 22 items to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use of EDs. Results: The most common reported adverse effects were insomnia and palpitations (24%), diuresis (18.7%), headache (17.7%), and stress (15.6%). The study participants reported a statistically significant low knowledge about the ingredients of EDs (P < 0.0001) and side effects of EDs (P = 0.05). Although statistically nonsignificant, the study participants also reported a low knowledge about ED intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: There is still a lack of knowledge regarding ED consumption among the adolescents and sports youths in Northern Cyprus reported by low level of knowledge about the ingredients of EDs, their potential effects, and incidence of side effects along with correct consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic which creates a barrier to healthy dietary patterns.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"483 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_267_22
AbdElhadi M. Agena, R. Gibla, Elham Elamin, Mohanad Jibreel, A. Musa, Mohammed Albagi, B. Almugadam
Background: Malaria infection remains the most serious and widespread protozoan infection of humans and has been associated with different changes in hematological parameters. This study aimed to detect the effects of malaria infection on hematological parameters in Sudanese patients. Methods: This was a case–control study including 100 patients and 50 controls required from Kosti Teaching Hospital (Kosti City) from October 2, to November 11, 2020. All patients and controls were investigated for blood film for malaria, complete blood counts, and peripheral blood picture. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Hemoglobin (Hb) was decreased in 75% of our patients and in 10% of controls, P < 0.000. Hematocrit (HCT) was decreased in 55% of patients and in 8% of controls, P < 0.000. MCH was decreased in 33% of patients and in 12% of controls, P = 0.013. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was decreased in 30% of study patients and in 10% of controls, P = 0.002. The mean corpuscular volume was decreased in 34% of patients and in 8% of controls, P = 0.056. Platelet (PLTs) count was decreased in 46% of patients and 0% of controls, P < 0.000. Platelet crit (PCT) was decreased in 75% of patients and in 16% of controls, P < 0.000. Furthermore, there were differences in white blood cell (WBC) counts between malaria parasite patients and controls, P = 0.058. No significant difference in red blood cell counts was seen between malaria parasite patients and controls, P = 0.797. Conclusions: Malaria parasite infection linked to many changes in hematological parameter characterized by reduction in WBC counts, PLT counts, PCT, Hb level, HCT, MCH, and MCHC.
{"title":"The effect of malaria parasite infection on hematological parameters in sudanese patients","authors":"AbdElhadi M. Agena, R. Gibla, Elham Elamin, Mohanad Jibreel, A. Musa, Mohammed Albagi, B. Almugadam","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_267_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_267_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria infection remains the most serious and widespread protozoan infection of humans and has been associated with different changes in hematological parameters. This study aimed to detect the effects of malaria infection on hematological parameters in Sudanese patients. Methods: This was a case–control study including 100 patients and 50 controls required from Kosti Teaching Hospital (Kosti City) from October 2, to November 11, 2020. All patients and controls were investigated for blood film for malaria, complete blood counts, and peripheral blood picture. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Hemoglobin (Hb) was decreased in 75% of our patients and in 10% of controls, P < 0.000. Hematocrit (HCT) was decreased in 55% of patients and in 8% of controls, P < 0.000. MCH was decreased in 33% of patients and in 12% of controls, P = 0.013. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was decreased in 30% of study patients and in 10% of controls, P = 0.002. The mean corpuscular volume was decreased in 34% of patients and in 8% of controls, P = 0.056. Platelet (PLTs) count was decreased in 46% of patients and 0% of controls, P < 0.000. Platelet crit (PCT) was decreased in 75% of patients and in 16% of controls, P < 0.000. Furthermore, there were differences in white blood cell (WBC) counts between malaria parasite patients and controls, P = 0.058. No significant difference in red blood cell counts was seen between malaria parasite patients and controls, P = 0.797. Conclusions: Malaria parasite infection linked to many changes in hematological parameter characterized by reduction in WBC counts, PLT counts, PCT, Hb level, HCT, MCH, and MCHC.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"528 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48785973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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