Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201827
Ola M. Alali, M. Churnosov
Background. The most frequent female reproductive system tumors are uterine leiomyoma (UL). They are benign monoclonal tumors of uterine smooth muscle. They affect reproductive-age women with a lifetime prevalence of 3070%. UL is a disease with complex etiology determined by many genetic and environmental factors. Despite the frequency of UL, there is no long-term, cost-effective or fertility-preserving therapy option for it. Aim. To summarize the available literature data on the etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids as well as the risk factors for the development of this disease. Materials and methods. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science literature databases were searched for relevant articles using such keywords as uterine fibroids, UL, association, genetic and hormonal factors, gene, etiology in various combinations. Results. Genetic disorders and hormonal and growth factors all have a part in the etiology of UL, and studies have resulted to the use of hormone therapy for fibroids, with varying results. Recent findings on the etiopathogenesis of UL, as well as the introduction of relevant genetically modified mouse models of UL, have rekindled interest in the disease. In this review, the basic features of fibroids are discussed, as well as the primary contributors to UL etiopathogenesis, including as genetic, hormonal, and growth causes. Besides the risk factors that contribute to the development of UL. Conclusion. Many questions about the causes and mechanisms of development factors that predispose remain unanswered, necessitating the continuation of these studies in order to obtain new information. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the biology and epidemiological associations, both to better understand modifiable risk factors and to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of this disease.
背景。最常见的女性生殖系统肿瘤是子宫平滑肌瘤(UL)。它们是子宫平滑肌良性单克隆肿瘤。它们影响育龄妇女，终生患病率为3070%。UL是一种病因复杂的疾病，由多种遗传和环境因素决定。尽管发生频率高，但目前尚无长期、经济有效或保留生育能力的治疗选择。的目标。目的总结有关子宫肌瘤的发病机制及发生的危险因素的文献资料。材料和方法。使用关键词子宫肌瘤、UL、关联、遗传与激素因素、基因、病因等多种组合，检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of science文献数据库检索相关文章。结果。遗传疾病、激素和生长因子都与UL的病因有关，研究导致使用激素治疗肌瘤，但结果不同。最近关于UL发病机制的发现，以及相关的UL转基因小鼠模型的引入，重新燃起了人们对该疾病的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肌瘤的基本特征，以及导致UL发病的主要因素，包括遗传、激素和生长原因。除了导致UL发展的风险因素。结论。关于易患这种疾病的发展因素的原因和机制的许多问题仍然没有答案，因此有必要继续进行这些研究，以便获得新的信息。需要进行前瞻性研究，以便更好地了解生物学和流行病学关联，更好地了解可改变的危险因素，并阐明该病的发病机制。
{"title":"The etiopathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: A review","authors":"Ola M. Alali, M. Churnosov","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201827","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The most frequent female reproductive system tumors are uterine leiomyoma (UL). They are benign monoclonal tumors of uterine smooth muscle. They affect reproductive-age women with a lifetime prevalence of 3070%. UL is a disease with complex etiology determined by many genetic and environmental factors. Despite the frequency of UL, there is no long-term, cost-effective or fertility-preserving therapy option for it. \u0000Aim. To summarize the available literature data on the etiopathogenesis of uterine fibroids as well as the risk factors for the development of this disease. \u0000Materials and methods. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science literature databases were searched for relevant articles using such keywords as uterine fibroids, UL, association, genetic and hormonal factors, gene, etiology in various combinations. \u0000Results. Genetic disorders and hormonal and growth factors all have a part in the etiology of UL, and studies have resulted to the use of hormone therapy for fibroids, with varying results. Recent findings on the etiopathogenesis of UL, as well as the introduction of relevant genetically modified mouse models of UL, have rekindled interest in the disease. In this review, the basic features of fibroids are discussed, as well as the primary contributors to UL etiopathogenesis, including as genetic, hormonal, and growth causes. Besides the risk factors that contribute to the development of UL. \u0000Conclusion. Many questions about the causes and mechanisms of development factors that predispose remain unanswered, necessitating the continuation of these studies in order to obtain new information. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the biology and epidemiological associations, both to better understand modifiable risk factors and to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of this disease.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202129
Liliya Tumanyan, F. Isaeva, Khedi Aidamirova, Nuray Ibragimova, Polina Zakharova
The herpes virus is an urgent problem, particularly in the obstetrician-gynecologist practice. The main objective of this paper was to review and analyze current literature data on the effect of the herpes virus on the mother and child during gestation. A variation of the diagnosis of prenatal herpes infection was reviewed. The treatment and prevention methods of the herpes simplex virus for a pregnant woman are addressed. It was shown that preventive antihomotoxic therapy had a fetoprotective effect, significantly reducing the risk of prenatal infection. Introducing preconception preparation for a wide population cohort, including the suppression of viruses in the mother's body, is relevant. The following methodology was used during work on the article: selection of publications using modern information databases, analysis of the obtained information, systematization of materials, and presentation of conclusions. An electronic search was conducted using publications identified in the following databases: eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
疱疹病毒是一个紧迫的问题，特别是在妇产科医生的实践。本文的主要目的是回顾和分析目前关于妊娠期疱疹病毒对母亲和孩子影响的文献资料。本文综述了产前疱疹感染诊断的变化。本文讨论了孕妇单纯疱疹病毒的治疗和预防方法。结果表明，预防性抗同毒治疗具有胎儿保护作用，可显著降低产前感染的风险。在广泛的人群队列中引入孕前准备，包括抑制母亲体内的病毒，是相关的。在编写这篇文章的过程中使用了下列方法:利用现代信息数据库选择出版物，分析所获得的信息，将材料系统化，并提出结论。利用下列数据库中确定的出版物进行了电子检索:RU, Google Scholar和PubMed。
{"title":"The effect of the herpes simplex virus on the mother and fetus during pregnancy","authors":"Liliya Tumanyan, F. Isaeva, Khedi Aidamirova, Nuray Ibragimova, Polina Zakharova","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202129","url":null,"abstract":"The herpes virus is an urgent problem, particularly in the obstetrician-gynecologist practice. The main objective of this paper was to review and analyze current literature data on the effect of the herpes virus on the mother and child during gestation. A variation of the diagnosis of prenatal herpes infection was reviewed. The treatment and prevention methods of the herpes simplex virus for a pregnant woman are addressed. It was shown that preventive antihomotoxic therapy had a fetoprotective effect, significantly reducing the risk of prenatal infection. Introducing preconception preparation for a wide population cohort, including the suppression of viruses in the mother's body, is relevant. The following methodology was used during work on the article: selection of publications using modern information databases, analysis of the obtained information, systematization of materials, and presentation of conclusions. An electronic search was conducted using publications identified in the following databases: eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar, and PubMed.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202003
G. I. Tabeeva, A. Asaturova, A. Tregubova, M. Dumanovskaya, A. Magnaeva, A. Smetnik, Stanislav V. Pavlovich
Apoptosis is one of the twelve subtypes of physiologically programmed cell death that controls cell population, tissue volume, and homeostasis. In the endometrium, apoptosis plays a particularly important role, since it undergoes monthly desquamation, requiring the balance between anti- and pro-apoptotic which plays a key role in cyclic endometrial remodeling. The study evaluated the expression of such apoptosis factors as caspase-8, NF-, Bcl-2 in patients with chronic endometritis (CE) (n=23), external genital endometriosis (EGE) (n=20), normal endometrium (control group) (n=7). Statistically significant differences were found for all studied markers (p0.05). Increased expression of apoptosis factors probably demonstrates a high pro-inflammatory activity of the endometrium in both CE and EGE. In the case of EGE, this effect is more pronounced at the transcriptional level based on the increased expression of NF- in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium. This phenomenon can be explained by the systemic impact of the chronic inflammation. For CHE, despite the antiapototic activity of Bcl2, an increase in Caspase-8 expression in the endometrium may also indicate the predominance of innate immunity activation. Thus, an imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors can simultaneously induce the cytotoxic and cytoprotective interactions in the CE and CHE pathogenesis, but requires further investigations.
{"title":"Endometrial apoptotic markers NF-kB, BCL2 and Caspase-8 expression in patients with external genital endometriosis and chronic endometritis","authors":"G. I. Tabeeva, A. Asaturova, A. Tregubova, M. Dumanovskaya, A. Magnaeva, A. Smetnik, Stanislav V. Pavlovich","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202003","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis is one of the twelve subtypes of physiologically programmed cell death that controls cell population, tissue volume, and homeostasis. In the endometrium, apoptosis plays a particularly important role, since it undergoes monthly desquamation, requiring the balance between anti- and pro-apoptotic which plays a key role in cyclic endometrial remodeling. \u0000The study evaluated the expression of such apoptosis factors as caspase-8, NF-, Bcl-2 in patients with chronic endometritis (CE) (n=23), external genital endometriosis (EGE) (n=20), normal endometrium (control group) (n=7). Statistically significant differences were found for all studied markers (p0.05). \u0000Increased expression of apoptosis factors probably demonstrates a high pro-inflammatory activity of the endometrium in both CE and EGE. In the case of EGE, this effect is more pronounced at the transcriptional level based on the increased expression of NF- in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium. This phenomenon can be explained by the systemic impact of the chronic inflammation. For CHE, despite the antiapototic activity of Bcl2, an increase in Caspase-8 expression in the endometrium may also indicate the predominance of innate immunity activation. \u0000Thus, an imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors can simultaneously induce the cytotoxic and cytoprotective interactions in the CE and CHE pathogenesis, but requires further investigations.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202132
Liana Z. Ziganshina, Sofia Yurevna Muslimova, Indita V. Sahautdiniva, E. M. Zulkarneeva
Hypoestrogenism associated with menopause has a strong negative effect on the condition of the vagina and urinary tract, and often leads to the development of genitourinary menopausal syndrome, significantly disrupting the quality of life of women. Menopausal vulvovaginal atrophy is diagnosed in 36% to 90% of peri- and postmenopausal women. In recent years, it has been revealed that this condition is also present in 19% of women aged 40-45 years during premenopause. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the dynamics of the severity of symptoms and their impact on the quality of life of women, and the clinical manifestations of postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, depending on the stage of postmenopause. We believe that the therapy of vulvovaginal atrophy should begin with the period of early menopause. At this time, women are most interested in treatment, as their quality of life suffers significantly due to the newly appeared extremely unpleasant sensations. At the same time, minor atrophic changes in the tissues of the vagina and vulva are easier to treat.
{"title":"Symptoms and clinic of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy in different stages of postmenopause","authors":"Liana Z. Ziganshina, Sofia Yurevna Muslimova, Indita V. Sahautdiniva, E. M. Zulkarneeva","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202132","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoestrogenism associated with menopause has a strong negative effect on the condition of the vagina and urinary tract, and often leads to the development of genitourinary menopausal syndrome, significantly disrupting the quality of life of women. Menopausal vulvovaginal atrophy is diagnosed in 36% to 90% of peri- and postmenopausal women. In recent years, it has been revealed that this condition is also present in 19% of women aged 40-45 years during premenopause. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the dynamics of the severity of symptoms and their impact on the quality of life of women, and the clinical manifestations of postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, depending on the stage of postmenopause. We believe that the therapy of vulvovaginal atrophy should begin with the period of early menopause. At this time, women are most interested in treatment, as their quality of life suffers significantly due to the newly appeared extremely unpleasant sensations. At the same time, minor atrophic changes in the tissues of the vagina and vulva are easier to treat.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"195 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72546155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201975
M. Yarmolinskaya, A. K. Beganova, Anastasia S. Revenko
Pelvic pain is one of the most common and significant clinical symptoms of endometriosis. The complex pathogenesis and paradoxical nature of endometriosis-associated pain, its chronicity and centralization, a marked decrease in the quality of life of patients, the lack of an "ideal" and effective remedy with no limitation for all patients, as well as the progressive and recurrent nature of the disease are factors that determine the need for novel, additional therapeutic options. The pain mechanisms in endometriosis and the potential pathogenetic effects of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol on various aspects of endometriosis-associated pain are addressed based on the literature sources presented in electronic databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar. The described pharmacological properties of the compounds suggest that the combined use of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol is a pathogenetically justified and promising treatment for complex endometriosis-associated pain.
{"title":"Endometriosis-associated pain and new therapeutic options: A review","authors":"M. Yarmolinskaya, A. K. Beganova, Anastasia S. Revenko","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201975","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic pain is one of the most common and significant clinical symptoms of endometriosis. The complex pathogenesis and paradoxical nature of endometriosis-associated pain, its chronicity and centralization, a marked decrease in the quality of life of patients, the lack of an \"ideal\" and effective remedy with no limitation for all patients, as well as the progressive and recurrent nature of the disease are factors that determine the need for novel, additional therapeutic options. The pain mechanisms in endometriosis and the potential pathogenetic effects of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol on various aspects of endometriosis-associated pain are addressed based on the literature sources presented in electronic databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar. The described pharmacological properties of the compounds suggest that the combined use of trans-resveratrol and indole-3-carbinol is a pathogenetically justified and promising treatment for complex endometriosis-associated pain.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202009
A. Tregubova, Nadezda S. Tevrukova, L. Ezhova, M. Shamarakova, Alina S. Badlaeva, D. Dobrovolskaya, Giuldana R. Bayramova, N. Nazarova, A.Yu. Shilyaev, A. Asaturova
Aim. To assess the reproducibility of cytological diagnoses in evaluating liquid cervical smears and immunocytochemical co-expression of p16/Ki-67 using manual and automatic methods. Materials and methods. Cytological smears prepared using the liquid cytology method on the Becton Dickinson device (SurePath technology) were studied. An immunocytochemical study was carried out using a Ventana BenchMark Ultra automatic immunostainer with a commercial CINtec kit (determination of p16/Ki-67 co-expression). In total, 100 cytological slides (50 pairs of Pap-smears and immunocytochemical slides) were studied. The diagnostic kit was reviewed by five cytologists independently, and the cytologic slides were evaluated using four categories according to the Bethesda system (2014) and according to the categories of normal/abnormal. The co-expression of p16/Ki-67 was assessed per the manufacturer's recommendations (Roche) using the manual method (light microscope) and the automatic Vision Cyto Pap ICC system. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the SPSS software package version 26.0.0.0 with the calculation of the reproducibility indices of Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa. Results. When assessing the reproducibility of four categories of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014), Cohen's kappa was 0.0480.265. The overall Fleiss' kappa between all cytologists was 0.103. When only two categories (normal/abnormal) were used, the reproducibility ranged from 0.058 to 0.377. When assessing the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67, Cohen's kappa reproducibility was from 0.196 to 0.574, while the overall Fleiss' kappa was 0.407. When comparing the evaluation results of each of the cytologists with the neural network, Cohen's kappa reproducibility ranged from 0.103 to 0.436. Conclusion. The reproducibility of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014) and two categories (normal/abnormal) based on the Pap smear study was low. Such results are primarily due to a large number of abnormal smears in the study. The immunocytochemical method has diagnosis reproducibility three times higher, indicating the need to measure the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67 to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the cytological method. Similar reproducibility when comparing the manual and automatic evaluation of the "double label" suggests that the neural network algorithm can currently help in decision support rather than replace the cytologist at the diagnostic stage.
{"title":"Reproducibility of cytological diagnoses in evaluating liquid cervical smears and immunocytochemical co-expression of p16/Ki-67 using manual and automatic methods","authors":"A. Tregubova, Nadezda S. Tevrukova, L. Ezhova, M. Shamarakova, Alina S. Badlaeva, D. Dobrovolskaya, Giuldana R. Bayramova, N. Nazarova, A.Yu. Shilyaev, A. Asaturova","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202009","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the reproducibility of cytological diagnoses in evaluating liquid cervical smears and immunocytochemical co-expression of p16/Ki-67 using manual and automatic methods. \u0000Materials and methods. Cytological smears prepared using the liquid cytology method on the Becton Dickinson device (SurePath technology) were studied. An immunocytochemical study was carried out using a Ventana BenchMark Ultra automatic immunostainer with a commercial CINtec kit (determination of p16/Ki-67 co-expression). In total, 100 cytological slides (50 pairs of Pap-smears and immunocytochemical slides) were studied. The diagnostic kit was reviewed by five cytologists independently, and the cytologic slides were evaluated using four categories according to the Bethesda system (2014) and according to the categories of normal/abnormal. The co-expression of p16/Ki-67 was assessed per the manufacturer's recommendations (Roche) using the manual method (light microscope) and the automatic Vision Cyto Pap ICC system. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the SPSS software package version 26.0.0.0 with the calculation of the reproducibility indices of Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa. \u0000Results. When assessing the reproducibility of four categories of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014), Cohen's kappa was 0.0480.265. The overall Fleiss' kappa between all cytologists was 0.103. When only two categories (normal/abnormal) were used, the reproducibility ranged from 0.058 to 0.377. When assessing the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67, Cohen's kappa reproducibility was from 0.196 to 0.574, while the overall Fleiss' kappa was 0.407. When comparing the evaluation results of each of the cytologists with the neural network, Cohen's kappa reproducibility ranged from 0.103 to 0.436. \u0000Conclusion. The reproducibility of cytological diagnoses according to the Bethesda system (2014) and two categories (normal/abnormal) based on the Pap smear study was low. Such results are primarily due to a large number of abnormal smears in the study. The immunocytochemical method has diagnosis reproducibility three times higher, indicating the need to measure the co-expression of p16 and Ki-67 to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the cytological method. Similar reproducibility when comparing the manual and automatic evaluation of the \"double label\" suggests that the neural network algorithm can currently help in decision support rather than replace the cytologist at the diagnostic stage.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201855
Gulnara Z. Lyalina, A. Yashchuk, R. Zainullina, O. R. Muhamadeeva, Eugeny M. Gareev
Background. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable malignancies in females. However, there is an increasing trend of disease incidence mainly due to the low specificity of routine screening tests. Aim. To assess the diagnostic value of standard tests for the diagnosis of cervix disorders based on the Digene test. Materials and methods. The obtained data were processed using the Statistica software package. Due to the unique features of specimens obtained, non-parametric methods were used for small samples with extreme data variability and possible artifacts. These methods do not require an assumption of "normality" of distribution. KruskalWallis rank analysis of variance and MannWhitney test for comparison of individual samples were used to estimate the relationship between the studied parameter and controlled factors. Median (Me) and quartiles (Q1 and Q3) were used in describing the results. Results. The study found a low performance of colposcopy and cytology and a higher performance of status assessment for human papillomavirus. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that viral load measurement is only sometimes informative. This test can be used as a stage 2 screening; additional data are needed for further patient management. Digene test helps to determine the risk group for a follow-up study.
{"title":"Diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervix diseases in HPV-positive females: Digene test performance evaluation","authors":"Gulnara Z. Lyalina, A. Yashchuk, R. Zainullina, O. R. Muhamadeeva, Eugeny M. Gareev","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201855","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable malignancies in females. However, there is an increasing trend of disease incidence mainly due to the low specificity of routine screening tests. \u0000Aim. To assess the diagnostic value of standard tests for the diagnosis of cervix disorders based on the Digene test. \u0000Materials and methods. The obtained data were processed using the Statistica software package. Due to the unique features of specimens obtained, non-parametric methods were used for small samples with extreme data variability and possible artifacts. These methods do not require an assumption of \"normality\" of distribution. KruskalWallis rank analysis of variance and MannWhitney test for comparison of individual samples were used to estimate the relationship between the studied parameter and controlled factors. Median (Me) and quartiles (Q1 and Q3) were used in describing the results. \u0000Results. The study found a low performance of colposcopy and cytology and a higher performance of status assessment for human papillomavirus. \u0000Conclusion. Our findings indicate that viral load measurement is only sometimes informative. This test can be used as a stage 2 screening; additional data are needed for further patient management. Digene test helps to determine the risk group for a follow-up study.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81444364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201685
Veronika I. Komedina, S. Yureneva, S. Kuznetsov
Aim. To study the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) with estrogen identical to natural estrogen on the metabolic profile and body composition in females during the menopausal transition. Materials and methods. Females in the menopausal transition who needed contraception were divided into two groups. Group 1 (19 patients) received COCs containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) with a dynamic dosing regimen; Group 2 (19 patients) received monophasic COCs containing 17-estradiol/nomegestrol acetate (E2/NOMAC) for 6 months. Blood pressure (BP), parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, uric acid, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed initially and after the 6 months of therapy. Results. No significant changes in weight and body composition after 6 months of COC use were found in both groups. COCs with E2V/DNG had no significant effect on BP and all assessed metabolic parameters. Females taking COCs with E2/NOMAC showed increased fasting glucose of 4.85 (0.43) and 5.30 (0.37) mmol/L (p=0.002), insulin of 4.97 (2.35) and 8.82 (4.67) U/mL (p=0.012), NOMA index of 1.06 (0.54) and 1.88 (0.75); p=0.010 compared to baseline. However, the parameters remained within the reference values. Conclusion. COCs containing estrogens identical to natural estrogens do not affect body composition and have no significant adverse effect on BP and metabolic parameters in females during the menopausal transition, indicating that the use of these agents is acceptable from the perspective of their metabolic effects in this group of patients.
{"title":"Effect of combined oral contraceptives with estrogen identical to natural estrogen on the metabolic profile and body composition in females during the menopausal transition","authors":"Veronika I. Komedina, S. Yureneva, S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201685","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) with estrogen identical to natural estrogen on the metabolic profile and body composition in females during the menopausal transition. \u0000Materials and methods. Females in the menopausal transition who needed contraception were divided into two groups. Group 1 (19 patients) received COCs containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG) with a dynamic dosing regimen; Group 2 (19 patients) received monophasic COCs containing 17-estradiol/nomegestrol acetate (E2/NOMAC) for 6 months. Blood pressure (BP), parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, uric acid, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed initially and after the 6 months of therapy. \u0000Results. No significant changes in weight and body composition after 6 months of COC use were found in both groups. COCs with E2V/DNG had no significant effect on BP and all assessed metabolic parameters. Females taking COCs with E2/NOMAC showed increased fasting glucose of 4.85 (0.43) and 5.30 (0.37) mmol/L (p=0.002), insulin of 4.97 (2.35) and 8.82 (4.67) U/mL (p=0.012), NOMA index of 1.06 (0.54) and 1.88 (0.75); p=0.010 compared to baseline. However, the parameters remained within the reference values. \u0000Conclusion. COCs containing estrogens identical to natural estrogens do not affect body composition and have no significant adverse effect on BP and metabolic parameters in females during the menopausal transition, indicating that the use of these agents is acceptable from the perspective of their metabolic effects in this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81555172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201977
E. Kayukova, T. Belokrinitskaya, S.V. Romanyuk
Background. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor among women worldwide. The anti-tumor immune cycle (AIC) is a necessary molecular mechanism that prevents the occurrence and progression of a tumor. It is known that during the development of CC, several mechanisms disrupt the AIC and contribute to tumor progression. Recent data show the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the AIC regulation as a mechanism for the emergence of tumor resistance to the anti-tumor immune response. Aim. To study the levels of AIC proteins (sCD25, 4-1BB, B7.2, TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, Galectin-9, sCD27, PD-L2) in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC, depending on the HPV status. Materials and methods. A prospective study enrolled women of reproductive age with HSIL (n=53) and stage IIII СС (n=93). The control group included female volunteers without cervical abnormalities (n=30). The study material was the cervical epithelium. Study methods: flow cytometry, diagnostics using the polymerase chain reaction for HPV status and viral load. Statistical processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 software package using non-parametric statistics methods. Results. The obtained data indicate an expression increase of AIC inhibitors: PD-1 and PD-L2 in patients with HPV infection and sCD27 in patients with mono-HPV infection. There were no significant differences in the levels of AIC proteins, depending on the HPV viral load in patients with HSIL and CC. Conclusion. The effect of HPV infection and its type on regulating the expression of specific AIC proteins has been established, which is one of the mechanisms of tumor progression.
背景。宫颈癌(CC)是世界范围内女性常见的恶性肿瘤。抗肿瘤免疫周期(AIC)是阻止肿瘤发生和发展的必要分子机制。众所周知，在CC的发展过程中，有几种机制破坏AIC并促进肿瘤进展。最近的数据显示，人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)在AIC调节中的作用是肿瘤对抗肿瘤免疫反应产生耐药性的机制。的目标。研究AIC蛋白(sCD25、4-1BB、B7.2、TGF-b1、CTLA-4、PD-L1、PD-1、tim3、LAG-3、半乳糖凝集素-9、sCD27、PD-L2)在高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)和CC患者中的水平与HPV状态的关系。材料和方法。一项前瞻性研究纳入育龄女性HSIL (n=53)和iii期СС (n=93)。对照组为无宫颈异常的女性志愿者(n=30)。研究材料为宫颈上皮。研究方法:流式细胞术，用聚合酶链反应诊断HPV状态和病毒载量。采用IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0软件包，采用非参数统计方法进行统计处理。结果。获得的数据表明，AIC抑制剂PD-1和PD-L2在HPV感染患者中表达增加，sCD27在单HPV感染患者中表达增加。在HSIL和CC患者中，AIC蛋白水平与HPV病毒载量无关，差异无统计学意义。HPV感染及其类型对特异性AIC蛋白表达的调控作用已经确立，这是肿瘤进展的机制之一。
{"title":"Antitumor immune cycle proteins and HPV status in patients with HSIL and cervical cancer","authors":"E. Kayukova, T. Belokrinitskaya, S.V. Romanyuk","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201977","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor among women worldwide. The anti-tumor immune cycle (AIC) is a necessary molecular mechanism that prevents the occurrence and progression of a tumor. It is known that during the development of CC, several mechanisms disrupt the AIC and contribute to tumor progression. Recent data show the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the AIC regulation as a mechanism for the emergence of tumor resistance to the anti-tumor immune response. \u0000Aim. To study the levels of AIC proteins (sCD25, 4-1BB, B7.2, TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, Galectin-9, sCD27, PD-L2) in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC, depending on the HPV status. \u0000Materials and methods. A prospective study enrolled women of reproductive age with HSIL (n=53) and stage IIII СС (n=93). The control group included female volunteers without cervical abnormalities (n=30). The study material was the cervical epithelium. Study methods: flow cytometry, diagnostics using the polymerase chain reaction for HPV status and viral load. Statistical processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 software package using non-parametric statistics methods. \u0000Results. The obtained data indicate an expression increase of AIC inhibitors: PD-1 and PD-L2 in patients with HPV infection and sCD27 in patients with mono-HPV infection. There were no significant differences in the levels of AIC proteins, depending on the HPV viral load in patients with HSIL and CC. \u0000Conclusion. The effect of HPV infection and its type on regulating the expression of specific AIC proteins has been established, which is one of the mechanisms of tumor progression.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82867193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201973
N. Podzolkova, V. V. Bedin, Vitoria A. Vardanyan, R. Kuznetsov, Veniamin Yu. Vengerov, V. N. Yakomaskin, O. Glazkova, S. S. Ismailova, Alla N. Kalinskaya, L. Sozaeva
Background. The first day-care hospital (DCH) in the Russian Federation with 30 beds was established in the departments of general surgery, urology, and gynecology of the Botkin Hospital in 2016 in Moscow. Aim. To analyze the six-year experience of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital. Materials and methods. The six-year experience (20162021) of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital was analyzed. Results. The number of patients treated in the DCH increased progressively from 2016 to 2019. Due to the gain in the experience of DCH, patients with a broader spectrum of diseases can receive care in DCH settings, the number of hospitalized patients with a higher anesthetic risk has increased, and the proportion of patients over 65 years of age has also increased. Conclusion. Analysis of the activities of the DCH based on the Botkin Hospital showed that the pilot project can be considered successful due to good clinical and economic indicators. This activity format can be widely implemented, and it is optimal to establish such hospitals in multidisciplinary clinics.
{"title":"Initial results of use and prospects of hospital-substituting technologies in gynecology","authors":"N. Podzolkova, V. V. Bedin, Vitoria A. Vardanyan, R. Kuznetsov, Veniamin Yu. Vengerov, V. N. Yakomaskin, O. Glazkova, S. S. Ismailova, Alla N. Kalinskaya, L. Sozaeva","doi":"10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.201973","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The first day-care hospital (DCH) in the Russian Federation with 30 beds was established in the departments of general surgery, urology, and gynecology of the Botkin Hospital in 2016 in Moscow. \u0000Aim. To analyze the six-year experience of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital. \u0000Materials and methods. The six-year experience (20162021) of the gynecological DCH based on the Botkin Hospital was analyzed. \u0000Results. The number of patients treated in the DCH increased progressively from 2016 to 2019. Due to the gain in the experience of DCH, patients with a broader spectrum of diseases can receive care in DCH settings, the number of hospitalized patients with a higher anesthetic risk has increased, and the proportion of patients over 65 years of age has also increased. \u0000Conclusion. Analysis of the activities of the DCH based on the Botkin Hospital showed that the pilot project can be considered successful due to good clinical and economic indicators. This activity format can be widely implemented, and it is optimal to establish such hospitals in multidisciplinary clinics.","PeriodicalId":36505,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74828743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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