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Regional Regulatory Initiatives Addressing GHG Leakage in the USA 美国解决温室气体泄漏的区域监管举措
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781848446038.00017
E. B. Bluemel
This chapter describes some of the major regional GHG cap-and-trade initiatives in the United States, defines the problem of emissions leakage in the context of regional GHG regulation, identifies the various approaches employed by the regional GHG cap-and-trade regimes in the United States to address leakage, and provides some suggestions about the design of regional GHG regimes outside the United States, including in the European Union.
本章描述了美国一些主要的区域温室气体总量控制与交易倡议,定义了区域温室气体监管背景下的排放泄漏问题,确定了美国区域温室气体总量控制与交易制度为解决泄漏问题所采用的各种方法,并对美国以外地区(包括欧盟)的区域温室气体制度的设计提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 7
Visitor Classification, Vehicle Breakdowns, and the Provision of Transport for Tourism 游客分类,车辆故障,以及旅游运输的提供
Pub Date : 2008-07-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1169452
A. Batabyal, H. Beladi
For a firm that provides transport to tourists/visitors and operates in a probabilistic environment, the twin issues of visitor classification and vehicle breakdowns have received scant attention in the extant literature. Therefore, we conduct a stochastic analysis of these two issues in this paper. We first describe a general model that accounts for the common features of sightseeing trips to city attractions and to locations such as lakes and parks. Second, for a given time interval, we provide a way of classifying the randomly arriving tourists and hence we shed light on the demand for our firm's offered tours. Finally, for the above time interval, we ascertain the mean and the variance of the number of vehicles that are not in service due to breakdowns and thus we shed light on the ability of our firm to supply transport to tourists for the various tours being offered.
对于一家为游客/游客提供交通服务并在概率环境中运营的公司来说,游客分类和车辆故障的双重问题在现有文献中很少得到关注。因此,本文对这两个问题进行了随机分析。我们首先描述了一个通用模型,该模型考虑了到城市景点和到湖泊和公园等地点观光旅行的共同特征。其次,对于给定的时间间隔,我们提供了一种对随机到达的游客进行分类的方法,因此我们阐明了对我们公司提供的旅游的需求。最后,对于上述时间间隔,我们确定了由于故障而无法使用的车辆数量的平均值和方差,从而我们阐明了我们公司为各种旅游提供运输的能力。
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引用次数: 0
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Environment & Natural Resources eJournal
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