Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.34218/ijeet.10.1.2019.007
P. M, Vivekananda Sibal T
To improve performance of voltage profile and current profile of power quality issues in renewable sources. This paper propose a multi-functional grid connected inverter and MFGCI is improve both voltage-based and current-based power quality issues. Using a shunt-series MFGCI (SSS-MFGCI). The SSS-MFGCI is connected in series or parallel to grid which gives the compensation of the grid voltage. The propose system is implemented and validated the Simulation result. The proposed system more effective for multi-function grid connected.
{"title":"Power Quality Improvement of Multifunctional Grid Connected Inverter With Renewable System","authors":"P. M, Vivekananda Sibal T","doi":"10.34218/ijeet.10.1.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijeet.10.1.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"To improve performance of voltage profile and current profile of power quality issues in renewable sources. This paper propose a multi-functional grid connected inverter and MFGCI is improve both voltage-based and current-based power quality issues. Using a shunt-series MFGCI (SSS-MFGCI). The SSS-MFGCI is connected in series or parallel to grid which gives the compensation of the grid voltage. The propose system is implemented and validated the Simulation result. The proposed system more effective for multi-function grid connected.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126390795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Budzier, B. Flyvbjerg, A. Garavaglia, Andreas Leed
This study provides an independent, outside-in estimate of the cost and schedule risks of nuclear waste storage projects. Based on a reference class of 216 past, comparable projects, risk of cost overrun was found to be 202% or less, with 80% certainty, i.e., 20% risk of an overrun above 202%. Based on a reference class of 200 past, comparable projects, risk of schedule overrun was found to be 104% or less, with 80% certainty, i.e., 20% risk of overrun above 104%. Cost risk and schedule risk are both substantial for nuclear waste storage projects.
{"title":"Quantitative Cost and Schedule Risk Analysis of Nuclear Waste Storage","authors":"Alexander Budzier, B. Flyvbjerg, A. Garavaglia, Andreas Leed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3303410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303410","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides an independent, outside-in estimate of the cost and schedule risks of nuclear waste storage projects. Based on a reference class of 216 past, comparable projects, risk of cost overrun was found to be 202% or less, with 80% certainty, i.e., 20% risk of an overrun above 202%. Based on a reference class of 200 past, comparable projects, risk of schedule overrun was found to be 104% or less, with 80% certainty, i.e., 20% risk of overrun above 104%. Cost risk and schedule risk are both substantial for nuclear waste storage projects.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128799230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of Dani Rodrik's Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy.
丹尼·罗德里克的《坦率地谈贸易:健全世界经济的思想》书评。
{"title":"How Do We Get Along? International Economic Law And The Nation-State","authors":"G. Shaffer","doi":"10.36644/mlr.117.6.how","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.6.how","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Dani Rodrik's Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115962640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This discussion paper examines the possibilities of relationships between two seemingly disparate industries, blockchain and the extractive sectors, by considering the potential for blockchain solutions in the mining of high-value diamonds, looking in particular at the supply chain, oversight, and production efficiencies that are made possible through synergistic elements between the two sectors.
{"title":"Blockchain and the Extractive Industries #2: Diamonds Case Study","authors":"Usman W. Chohan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3141883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3141883","url":null,"abstract":"This discussion paper examines the possibilities of relationships between two seemingly disparate industries, blockchain and the extractive sectors, by considering the potential for blockchain solutions in the mining of high-value diamonds, looking in particular at the supply chain, oversight, and production efficiencies that are made possible through synergistic elements between the two sectors.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the green market, there is no “one size fits all” product strategy. Consumers’ environmental awareness may motivate enterprise to adopt green technology and eco-friendly materials, and then bring the enterprise more profit and market share in some cases. Consumer environmental awareness is always characterized by the willingness to pay for a product in some papers. In this paper, we discuss one enterprise’s product strategy, when to produce two alternative products with different green degree considering all the possible technological parameter and the willingness to pay. We address the optimal decisions of the enterprise on the optimal green degree and price. Meanwhile, we also show the effect of eco-friendly materials on enterprise’s profit and environmental impact while environmental impact is the weighted green degree of products. Moreover, we investigate how to increase the beneficial effect or decrease the adverse effect on profit and environmental impact from the respective of enterprise and the government, respectively, in terms of using eco-friendly materials with the willingness to pay to vary. Numerical analysis is conducted to show the aforementioned relative results.
{"title":"Product Design and the Choice of Green Degree","authors":"Yantao Ling, Jing Xu, Zhenhao Li, Nan Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3136384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3136384","url":null,"abstract":"In the green market, there is no “one size fits all” product strategy. Consumers’ environmental awareness may motivate enterprise to adopt green technology and eco-friendly materials, and then bring the enterprise more profit and market share in some cases. Consumer environmental awareness is always characterized by the willingness to pay for a product in some papers. In this paper, we discuss one enterprise’s product strategy, when to produce two alternative products with different green degree considering all the possible technological parameter and the willingness to pay. We address the optimal decisions of the enterprise on the optimal green degree and price. Meanwhile, we also show the effect of eco-friendly materials on enterprise’s profit and environmental impact while environmental impact is the weighted green degree of products. Moreover, we investigate how to increase the beneficial effect or decrease the adverse effect on profit and environmental impact from the respective of enterprise and the government, respectively, in terms of using eco-friendly materials with the willingness to pay to vary. Numerical analysis is conducted to show the aforementioned relative results.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"4 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivated by the electricity industry, we analyse the commoditisation of supply chains and show that operational factors, apart from their direct effects on production costs, can influence market prices indirectly through altering the balance of spot and forward trading. We study how heterogeneous suppliers optimally co-ordinate sales in spot and forward markets, and how buyers make procurement decisions. Forward trading allows risk sharing over spot uncertainty, but it also affects spot outcomes through the production commitments of strategic producers. We show how feedback between these hedging and strategic rationales for forward trading drives equilibrium prices and volumes. In the context of an example from the electricity industry, where there is typically a diverse mix of production processes, we analyse flexible (gas), inflexible (nuclear), and intermittent (wind) technologies and show, for example, how increasing the capacity of intermittent renewable electricity generation affects trading, production decisions, and the forward to spot price relationship. In particular, despite its lower marginal cost, more intermittent capacity may not necessarily reduce prices due to its impact on forward trading. We discuss the policy as well as the managerial implications.
{"title":"Strategic Forward Trading and Technology","authors":"H. Peura, D. Bunn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2738703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2738703","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the electricity industry, we analyse the commoditisation of supply chains and show that operational factors, apart from their direct effects on production costs, can influence market prices indirectly through altering the balance of spot and forward trading. We study how heterogeneous suppliers optimally co-ordinate sales in spot and forward markets, and how buyers make procurement decisions. Forward trading allows risk sharing over spot uncertainty, but it also affects spot outcomes through the production commitments of strategic producers. We show how feedback between these hedging and strategic rationales for forward trading drives equilibrium prices and volumes. In the context of an example from the electricity industry, where there is typically a diverse mix of production processes, we analyse flexible (gas), inflexible (nuclear), and intermittent (wind) technologies and show, for example, how increasing the capacity of intermittent renewable electricity generation affects trading, production decisions, and the forward to spot price relationship. In particular, despite its lower marginal cost, more intermittent capacity may not necessarily reduce prices due to its impact on forward trading. We discuss the policy as well as the managerial implications.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"663 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New techniques leveraging IT-mediated crowds such as Crowdsensing, Situated Crowdsourcing, Spatial Crowdsourcing, and Wearables Crowdsourcing have now materially emerged. These techniques, here termed next generation Crowdsourcing, serve to extend Crowdsourcing efforts beyond the heretofore dominant desktop computing paradigm. Employing new configurations of hardware, software, and people, these techniques represent new forms of organization for IT-mediated crowds. However, it is not known how these new techniques change the processes and outcomes of IT-mediated crowds for Collective Intelligence purposes? The aim of this exploratory work is to begin to answer this question. The work ensues by outlining the relevant findings of the first generation Crowdsourcing paradigm, before reviewing the emerging literature pertaining to the new generation of Crowdsourcing techniques. Premised on this review, a collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive typology is formed, organizing the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques along two salient dimensions common to all first generation Crowdsourcing techniques. As a result, this work situates the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques within the extant Crowdsourcing literature, and identifies new research avenues stemming directly from the analysis.
{"title":"Next Generation Crowdsourcing for Collective Intelligence","authors":"John Prpic","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/juqk6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/juqk6","url":null,"abstract":"New techniques leveraging IT-mediated crowds such as Crowdsensing, Situated Crowdsourcing, Spatial Crowdsourcing, and Wearables Crowdsourcing have now materially emerged. These techniques, here termed next generation Crowdsourcing, serve to extend Crowdsourcing efforts beyond the heretofore dominant desktop computing paradigm. Employing new configurations of hardware, software, and people, these techniques represent new forms of organization for IT-mediated crowds. However, it is not known how these new techniques change the processes and outcomes of IT-mediated crowds for Collective Intelligence purposes? The aim of this exploratory work is to begin to answer this question. The work ensues by outlining the relevant findings of the first generation Crowdsourcing paradigm, before reviewing the emerging literature pertaining to the new generation of Crowdsourcing techniques. Premised on this review, a collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive typology is formed, organizing the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques along two salient dimensions common to all first generation Crowdsourcing techniques. As a result, this work situates the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques within the extant Crowdsourcing literature, and identifies new research avenues stemming directly from the analysis.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127075642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zainol, Abdul Ahmad Rozali, Fadhlina, I. Akhir, Nurul Amani Nordin
Providing high quality services and improving customer satisfaction are broadly known as basic factors enhancing the performances of businesses in the hotel and tourism industry. Essential of knowing customer satisfaction can help hotelier to identify the vital elements influencing customers' purchase and post-purchase experience from favorable word-of-mouth. This paper discusses the influence to recover customer satisfaction through the variable positive word-of-mouth. Many arguments from the previous researcher which is among of them believe that good or positive word-of-mouth is potential to influence of recovery customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this study also examine the elements that have includes in the positive word-of-mouth variable and recovery customer satisfaction.
{"title":"The Influence of Customer Satisfaction Towards Positive Word-of-Mouth in Hospitality Industry","authors":"N. Zainol, Abdul Ahmad Rozali, Fadhlina, I. Akhir, Nurul Amani Nordin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2713613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2713613","url":null,"abstract":"Providing high quality services and improving customer satisfaction are broadly known as basic factors enhancing the performances of businesses in the hotel and tourism industry. Essential of knowing customer satisfaction can help hotelier to identify the vital elements influencing customers' purchase and post-purchase experience from favorable word-of-mouth. This paper discusses the influence to recover customer satisfaction through the variable positive word-of-mouth. Many arguments from the previous researcher which is among of them believe that good or positive word-of-mouth is potential to influence of recovery customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this study also examine the elements that have includes in the positive word-of-mouth variable and recovery customer satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132320916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the New Deal, as part of a larger effort implementing Progressive-era “conservation�? regimes, the federal government authorized the structurally-invasive Flood Control Act of 1936. At the same time, the Standard State Soil Conservation Districts Law promoted the creation of local, place-based efforts to protect or restore locally-valued resources. “Conservation�? thus came to signify both the invasive, structural, engineering approach of mid-20th Century flood control, and the local, more responsive and flexible nature of soil conservation districts. But our understandings of our place in the natural world have changed subtly but significantly over the past century. Any legitimate natural resource regime must achieve its resource management goals while balancing its demands with local cultural expectations, which now generally include some desire to protect the natural environment. This article argues – using a case study focused on a small flood control district – that local conservation districts can be used to implement 21st-Century understandings of “conservation�? that more accurately reflect local culture and needs. These locally-driven and place-based conservation efforts can improve and protect the aesthetic, health, ecological, and economic resources of a particular landscape, even as they manage that landscape – in part – to satisfy human needs. A system succeeding on all goals would be truly socio-ecologically resilient, promoting resilient ecosystems, a resilient local culture and economy, and a resilient local legal system – together creating a resilient place.
{"title":"Making ‘Conservation’ Work for the 21st Century – Enabling Resilient Place","authors":"Jerrold A. Long","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2409255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2409255","url":null,"abstract":"During the New Deal, as part of a larger effort implementing Progressive-era “conservation�? regimes, the federal government authorized the structurally-invasive Flood Control Act of 1936. At the same time, the Standard State Soil Conservation Districts Law promoted the creation of local, place-based efforts to protect or restore locally-valued resources. “Conservation�? thus came to signify both the invasive, structural, engineering approach of mid-20th Century flood control, and the local, more responsive and flexible nature of soil conservation districts. But our understandings of our place in the natural world have changed subtly but significantly over the past century. Any legitimate natural resource regime must achieve its resource management goals while balancing its demands with local cultural expectations, which now generally include some desire to protect the natural environment. This article argues – using a case study focused on a small flood control district – that local conservation districts can be used to implement 21st-Century understandings of “conservation�? that more accurately reflect local culture and needs. These locally-driven and place-based conservation efforts can improve and protect the aesthetic, health, ecological, and economic resources of a particular landscape, even as they manage that landscape – in part – to satisfy human needs. A system succeeding on all goals would be truly socio-ecologically resilient, promoting resilient ecosystems, a resilient local culture and economy, and a resilient local legal system – together creating a resilient place.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115728065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During recent years increased attention has been given to second-generation wood-based bioenergy. The carbon stored in the forest is highest when there is little or no harvest from the forest. Increasing the harvest from a forest, in order to produce more bioenergy, may thus conflict with the direct benefit of the forest as a carbon sink. We analyze this conflict using a simple model where bioenergy and fossil energy are perfect substitutes. Our analysis shows how the social optimum will depend on the social cost of carbon, and how the social optimum may be obtained by suitable taxes and subsidies.
{"title":"Wood-Based Bioenergy","authors":"M. Hoel, T. Sletten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2419893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2419893","url":null,"abstract":"During recent years increased attention has been given to second-generation wood-based bioenergy. The carbon stored in the forest is highest when there is little or no harvest from the forest. Increasing the harvest from a forest, in order to produce more bioenergy, may thus conflict with the direct benefit of the forest as a carbon sink. We analyze this conflict using a simple model where bioenergy and fossil energy are perfect substitutes. Our analysis shows how the social optimum will depend on the social cost of carbon, and how the social optimum may be obtained by suitable taxes and subsidies.","PeriodicalId":365212,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Natural Resources eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131225620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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