Pub Date : 2017-11-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2000
R. Basak, Arabinda Das
Most of the power and distribution transformers in power system are 3-phase core type transformers. They are extensively used- as such their cost is a sizable proportion of the total system cost. Therefore they are to be designed cost-optimally. The optimality is with reference to an objective function, generally in presence of constraints. The design variables are to be varied within their given bounds and the optimal solution is to be reached in finite number of steps, satisfying the given constraints. The paper presents a method for optimizing the design, in presence of constraints specified by the customer and the regulatory authorities, through gradient search technique. The objective function is a weighted combination of the cost of the transformer and the running losses which is not a mathematically framed but obtained from the transformer design sub-routine through computer programme. The objective of this paper is to find out above objective function without mathematically framed function which leads to inaccuracy for approximation due to magnetic saturation and nonlinearity present in the system.Most of the objective function is framed by taking few terms from a polynomial to avoid complicacy of the function, such as core loss expression obtained from curve with the variation of flux densities. The starting point has been chosen within the allowable parameter space- the steepest decent path has been followed for convergence. The step length has been judiciously chosen. The hyper surface has been found to be concave. As such no local minima problem is faced. The method is best as it its convergence is quickest.
{"title":"Gradient Search Technique Applied to Dual-Optimal Design of a 3-Phase Core Type Transformer","authors":"R. Basak, Arabinda Das","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2000","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the power and distribution transformers in power system are 3-phase core type transformers. They are extensively used- as such their cost is a sizable proportion of the total system cost. Therefore they are to be designed cost-optimally. The optimality is with reference to an objective function, generally in presence of constraints. The design variables are to be varied within their given bounds and the optimal solution is to be reached in finite number of steps, satisfying the given constraints. The paper presents a method for optimizing the design, in presence of constraints specified by the customer and the regulatory authorities, through gradient search technique. The objective function is a weighted combination of the cost of the transformer and the running losses which is not a mathematically framed but obtained from the transformer design sub-routine through computer programme. The objective of this paper is to find out above objective function without mathematically framed function which leads to inaccuracy for approximation due to magnetic saturation and nonlinearity present in the system.Most of the objective function is framed by taking few terms from a polynomial to avoid complicacy of the function, such as core loss expression obtained from curve with the variation of flux densities. The starting point has been chosen within the allowable parameter space- the steepest decent path has been followed for convergence. The step length has been judiciously chosen. The hyper surface has been found to be concave. As such no local minima problem is faced. The method is best as it its convergence is quickest.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122456882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.1998
R. Nidhya, V. Arunachalam
Body Area Network (BAN) or Body Sensor Network (BSN) has became the most emerged research technology because of the recent advancement in wireless sensor networks. This has also provided many opportunities for researchers on wireless networks around the body. A BAN allows remote health monitoring of patients. The caregivers can monitor their patient’s health status without disrupting their normal activities. This monitoring is possible by deploying of the low-power sensor nodes on human body as implanting or worn. This paper presents a description of BSNs, requirements, challenges and various applications associated with BAN. The most important requirement and challenges faced by BSN are Energy, quality of service and routing. These factors are analyzed in detail in this paper. An investigation of existing challenges and requirements with its solutions and technologies at physical, MAC, network, transport, and application layers also done in this paper. At the end, open research issues and challenges for each layer are discussed to be addressed in further research.
{"title":"A Study on Requirements, Challenges and Applications of Wireless Body Area Network","authors":"R. Nidhya, V. Arunachalam","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.1998","url":null,"abstract":"Body Area Network (BAN) or Body Sensor Network (BSN) has became the most emerged research technology because of the recent advancement in wireless sensor networks. This has also provided many opportunities for researchers on wireless networks around the body. A BAN allows remote health monitoring of patients. The caregivers can monitor their patient’s health status without disrupting their normal activities. This monitoring is possible by deploying of the low-power sensor nodes on human body as implanting or worn. This paper presents a description of BSNs, requirements, challenges and various applications associated with BAN. The most important requirement and challenges faced by BSN are Energy, quality of service and routing. These factors are analyzed in detail in this paper. An investigation of existing challenges and requirements with its solutions and technologies at physical, MAC, network, transport, and application layers also done in this paper. At the end, open research issues and challenges for each layer are discussed to be addressed in further research.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122813004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2001
Prabhishek Singh, R. Shree
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are mainly denoised by multiplicative speckle noise, which is due to the consistent behavior of scattering phenomenon known as speckle noise. This paper presents the basic concept, role and importance of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the field of despeckling SAR images and also offers a study of SAR image quality on applying DWT on the speckled image and log transformed speckled image. Log transform operation plays a decisive and comfortable role in despeckling SAR images as this operation changes the multiplicative behavior of the speckle noise to an additive which enables to use the additive noise restoration model efficiently. Wavelet transform has now become important in the field of image restoration although being in practice for a decade. Wavelet transform allows both time and frequency analysis simultaneously around a particular time. This transform is most appropriate for the non-stationary signals, so it deals with satellite imagery in a more efficient manner. The major part of this paper is revolving around DWT image decomposition with its role and practical implementation on the speckled image and log transformed speckled image. All the experimental results are performed on the SAR images.
{"title":"Statistical Quality Analysis of Wavelet Based SAR Images in Despeckling Process","authors":"Prabhishek Singh, R. Shree","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.2.2001","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are mainly denoised by multiplicative speckle noise, which is due to the consistent behavior of scattering phenomenon known as speckle noise. This paper presents the basic concept, role and importance of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the field of despeckling SAR images and also offers a study of SAR image quality on applying DWT on the speckled image and log transformed speckled image. Log transform operation plays a decisive and comfortable role in despeckling SAR images as this operation changes the multiplicative behavior of the speckle noise to an additive which enables to use the additive noise restoration model efficiently. Wavelet transform has now become important in the field of image restoration although being in practice for a decade. Wavelet transform allows both time and frequency analysis simultaneously around a particular time. This transform is most appropriate for the non-stationary signals, so it deals with satellite imagery in a more efficient manner. The major part of this paper is revolving around DWT image decomposition with its role and practical implementation on the speckled image and log transformed speckled image. All the experimental results are performed on the SAR images.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"447 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116586566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1991
Oyebola Blessed Olalekan
Electrical appliances power consumption tends to grow in proportion to the increase in the number of large-sized electric home appliances.These Projects describes the technology associated with the Remote Control of Electrical Loads Using GGSM Module. Using GSM networks, a control system has been projected that will act as an embedded system which can control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. Also the system allow the user to effectively control house or office appliances and equipment via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The main conception behind this project is receiving a coded SMS to trigger or switch home electrical appliances through communication between GSM module and a microcontroller switching circuit.
{"title":"GSM Module in Remote Electrical Loads Control","authors":"Oyebola Blessed Olalekan","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1991","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical appliances power consumption tends to grow in proportion to the increase in the number of large-sized electric home appliances.These Projects describes the technology associated with the Remote Control of Electrical Loads Using GGSM Module. Using GSM networks, a control system has been projected that will act as an embedded system which can control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. Also the system allow the user to effectively control house or office appliances and equipment via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The main conception behind this project is receiving a coded SMS to trigger or switch home electrical appliances through communication between GSM module and a microcontroller switching circuit.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122309368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1990
G. Revathi, T. Nandhini
As an engineer we have a social responsibility towards the improvement in our society. So for that reason we design a mechanism to help the blind people for travelling without any assistance by using our devices. Journey in a bus is a safe and comfort factor but navigation in outdoor environment is highly difficult for those who have congenital blindness or blind people. Several solutions have been proposed like walking stick or white cane, guide dogs and GPS guidelines to deal with this difficulty. Although some of them have shown to be useful in real scenarios, they involve an important deployment effort or use artifacts that are not natural for blind users.Therefore, this paper aims to develop a bus detection prototype using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for blind. RFID has the potential to be a useful aid with further standardization of RFID tags and improvement of current RFID readers. Here the system contains the RFID communication technology to communicate blind person with the bus. The two major parts are there. 1. RFID Tag (from bus). 2. RFID Reader (from blind people). Using the two things the blind person freely uses the transport system without any assistance.
{"title":"Implementation of RFID in Bus Boarding System for Visually Impaired People","authors":"G. Revathi, T. Nandhini","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1990","url":null,"abstract":"As an engineer we have a social responsibility towards the improvement in our society. So for that reason we design a mechanism to help the blind people for travelling without any assistance by using our devices. Journey in a bus is a safe and comfort factor but navigation in outdoor environment is highly difficult for those who have congenital blindness or blind people. Several solutions have been proposed like walking stick or white cane, guide dogs and GPS guidelines to deal with this difficulty. Although some of them have shown to be useful in real scenarios, they involve an important deployment effort or use artifacts that are not natural for blind users.Therefore, this paper aims to develop a bus detection prototype using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for blind. RFID has the potential to be a useful aid with further standardization of RFID tags and improvement of current RFID readers. Here the system contains the RFID communication technology to communicate blind person with the bus. The two major parts are there. 1. RFID Tag (from bus). 2. RFID Reader (from blind people). Using the two things the blind person freely uses the transport system without any assistance.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1996
Pala Mahesh Kumar
Recent years there is a fast development in remote technologies, consistently G-bytes of information hosts been trading between the gatherings. Secure transmission of information is an exceptionally difficult undertaking for private applications, for example, military, common, medicinal and web applications. Here, we expected to present “A New Encryption and Decryption for 3D MRT Images”. Our proposed algorithm has shown the robustness over conventional algorithms in terms of secure concern.
{"title":"A New Encryption and Decryption for 3D MRT Images","authors":"Pala Mahesh Kumar","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1996","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years there is a fast development in remote technologies, consistently G-bytes of information hosts been trading between the gatherings. Secure transmission of information is an exceptionally difficult undertaking for private applications, for example, military, common, medicinal and web applications. Here, we expected to present “A New Encryption and Decryption for 3D MRT Images”. Our proposed algorithm has shown the robustness over conventional algorithms in terms of secure concern.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124396399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1994
Mahesh Koti
In this paper the effect of temperature gradient on quantum transport in nano junctions is presented. The nano junction current density is shown to be proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. The effective delta variation in current density due to the temperature gradient is found to be dependent on the quantum system junction characteristics.
{"title":"Temperature Gradient and Quantum Transport in Nano Junctions","authors":"Mahesh Koti","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1994","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the effect of temperature gradient on quantum transport in nano junctions is presented. The nano junction current density is shown to be proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. The effective delta variation in current density due to the temperature gradient is found to be dependent on the quantum system junction characteristics.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124766862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1992
Oyebola Blessed Olalekan
This paper succinctly studied active filter topologies: Sallen-key circuit, MFB and Butterworth in band pass design for audio circuits. It has been able to identify distinctive suitable features with applications in audio frequencies range. The work also serves as a foundational study for an advanced work on active audio filters. Sallen-Key pluses with quality factor (Q) that can be varied via the inner gain (G) without modifying the mid frequency (fm). Notably, the Q and Am cannot be adjusted independently. Butterworth, maximally flat magnitude response in the pass band, has monotonic amplitude response with an excellent flat pass band, less phase shift, and better transient results.
{"title":"Sallen-Key Topology, MFB and Butterworthy in Bandpass Design for Audio Circuit Design","authors":"Oyebola Blessed Olalekan","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper succinctly studied active filter topologies: Sallen-key circuit, MFB and Butterworth in band pass design for audio circuits. It has been able to identify distinctive suitable features with applications in audio frequencies range. The work also serves as a foundational study for an advanced work on active audio filters. Sallen-Key pluses with quality factor (Q) that can be varied via the inner gain (G) without modifying the mid frequency (fm). Notably, the Q and Am cannot be adjusted independently. Butterworth, maximally flat magnitude response in the pass band, has monotonic amplitude response with an excellent flat pass band, less phase shift, and better transient results.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116681291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1995
D. Prasanthi
Input vector monitoring online testing schemes perform testing during the normal operation of the circuit. These schemes are evaluated based on hardware overhead and concurrent test latency (CTL), also well suited for modules requiring exhaustive testing, such as Read Only Memories (ROMs). In this work we present an input vector monitoring concurrent BIST scheme specially designed for the testing of ROM modules along with an error detecting unit which can detect error of corresponding bit position. By using circuitry already existing for the memory module, the hardware overhead, power and the delay, compared to previously proposed schemes, is significantly reduced.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of an Improved BIST Architecture for ROM","authors":"D. Prasanthi","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1995","url":null,"abstract":"Input vector monitoring online testing schemes perform testing during the normal operation of the circuit. These schemes are evaluated based on hardware overhead and concurrent test latency (CTL), also well suited for modules requiring exhaustive testing, such as Read Only Memories (ROMs). In this work we present an input vector monitoring concurrent BIST scheme specially designed for the testing of ROM modules along with an error detecting unit which can detect error of corresponding bit position. By using circuitry already existing for the memory module, the hardware overhead, power and the delay, compared to previously proposed schemes, is significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-05DOI: 10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1993
Umesh C. Rajmane
This study is presented a cascade refrigeration system using as refrigerant (R23) in low-temperature circuit and R404a in high-temperature circuit. The operating parameters considered in this paper include superheating, condensing, evaporating, and sub cooling temperatures in the refrigerant (R404a) high temperature circuit and in the refrigerant (R23)) low-temperature circuit. Diagrams of pressure versus Enthalpy have been obtained. Results show that a Tetra fluro methane (R23)-R404a cascade refrigeration system.
{"title":"Cascade Refrigeration System: R404a-R23 Refrigerant","authors":"Umesh C. Rajmane","doi":"10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1993","url":null,"abstract":"This study is presented a cascade refrigeration system using as refrigerant (R23) in low-temperature circuit and R404a in high-temperature circuit. The operating parameters considered in this paper include superheating, condensing, evaporating, and sub cooling temperatures in the refrigerant (R404a) high temperature circuit and in the refrigerant (R23)) low-temperature circuit. Diagrams of pressure versus Enthalpy have been obtained. Results show that a Tetra fluro methane (R23)-R404a cascade refrigeration system.","PeriodicalId":365290,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123646139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：