Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.53
R. Kozlenko
In the article, on the basis of the discovered sites, new areas of the Roman garrison location are revealed, in the form of seven barracks (contubernia), which were added to the defensive wall and tower at the Lower city of Olbia Pontica. At the lateral quarter, which belonged to the Roman officer, there were found marble bases of the internal columns with the name of the centurion M. Emilius Severinus of the Legio I Italica. The architectural complex located to the south of the barracks in its layout resembles administrative buildings of the Roman camps like a principia – the officers’ house, which consisted of a number of rooms located along the perimeter around the courtyard: with a separate kitchen, a dining room, a central sanctuary room (aedes principiorum), where were stored legionary signs (signa militaria), altars, and statues of deities and emperors. This can be evidenced by the architectural details found during the excavations, terracotta in the shape of eagles and Roman soldiers, Roman weapons and equipment. A similar arrangement of barracks in Olbia is known on the citadel, under the Northern defensive wall. The problem of interpretation of the praetorium building in Olbia is also considered, some quarters of which could serve as Roman barracks. The construction of the barrack blocks and headquarters buildings can be attributed to the second half of the 2nd century AD – the time of the stationary Roman garrison appearance in Olbia.
{"title":"Barracks of the Roman Garrison in Olbia Pontica","authors":"R. Kozlenko","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.53","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, on the basis of the discovered sites, new areas of the Roman garrison location are revealed, in the form of seven barracks (contubernia), which were added to the defensive wall and tower at the Lower city of Olbia Pontica. At the lateral quarter, which belonged to the Roman officer, there were found marble bases of the internal columns with the name of the centurion M. Emilius Severinus of the Legio I Italica. The architectural complex located to the south of the barracks in its layout resembles administrative buildings of the Roman camps like a principia – the officers’ house, which consisted of a number of rooms located along the perimeter around the courtyard: with a separate kitchen, a dining room, a central sanctuary room (aedes principiorum), where were stored legionary signs (signa militaria), altars, and statues of deities and emperors. This can be evidenced by the architectural details found during the excavations, terracotta in the shape of eagles and Roman soldiers, Roman weapons and equipment. A similar arrangement of barracks in Olbia is known on the citadel, under the Northern defensive wall. The problem of interpretation of the praetorium building in Olbia is also considered, some quarters of which could serve as Roman barracks. The construction of the barrack blocks and headquarters buildings can be attributed to the second half of the 2nd century AD – the time of the stationary Roman garrison appearance in Olbia.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.267
Georgeta El Susi, Andre Gonciar
The article analyzes a fauna sample collected from a villa rustica in Rapoltu Mare, Hunedoara County. The material was gathered during the 2014–2017 seasons consisting of 1,406 fragments, 1,049 of which are fragments from the Roman levels (2nd–3rd centuries AD), and 357 are post–Roman fragments. Cattle dominate the Roman Phase I sample with 33.33%, followed by sheep/goats with 22.22% and pigs with 16.66%. Cattle dominate as fragments in the phases II–III, accounting for 32.02%, followed by small ruminants with 28.43% and pigs with 26.47%. The bones of the dog total 1.31%, while those of the horse, 6.21%. Hunting was a recreational activity, used to obtain furs, hides, antlers, with little impact on food supplying. Hunted prey includes hare, roe deer, red deer, beaver and various small carnivores. Sheep and goats account for 34–37% (NISP/MNI) of livestock at the post-Roman level, followed by pigs (26–27%) and bovines (18–24%). The horse has a threefold quota in comparison with the Roman levels, about 13–15%.
{"title":"Villa Rustica from Rapoltu Mare-La Vie (Hunedoara County). Preliminary Zooarheological Data","authors":"Georgeta El Susi, Andre Gonciar","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.267","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes a fauna sample collected from a villa rustica in Rapoltu Mare, Hunedoara County. The material was gathered during the 2014–2017 seasons consisting of 1,406 fragments, 1,049 of which are fragments from the Roman levels (2nd–3rd centuries AD), and 357 are post–Roman fragments. Cattle dominate the Roman Phase I sample with 33.33%, followed by sheep/goats with 22.22% and pigs with 16.66%. Cattle dominate as fragments in the phases II–III, accounting for 32.02%, followed by small ruminants with 28.43% and pigs with 26.47%. The bones of the dog total 1.31%, while those of the horse, 6.21%. Hunting was a recreational activity, used to obtain furs, hides, antlers, with little impact on food supplying. Hunted prey includes hare, roe deer, red deer, beaver and various small carnivores. Sheep and goats account for 34–37% (NISP/MNI) of livestock at the post-Roman level, followed by pigs (26–27%) and bovines (18–24%). The horse has a threefold quota in comparison with the Roman levels, about 13–15%.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114782055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.95
C. Opreanu, V. Lăzărescu
The authors are presenting the antler combs discovered as part of the rural settlement at Suceagu – Rădaia, Cluj County. From the very beginning of the archaeological research, the numerous fragments of processed antler pointed towards the presence of a workshop similar to those already known at Bârlad – “Valea Seacă” or from other contemporary settlements in the Central-Eastern European region. The typological classification of the combs discovered here illustrated the presence of three types of combs having a single row of teeth and semi-circular handle, as well as double-sided combs. Of great significance is the zoomorphic decoration present on one of the combs belonging to one of the combs having a single row of teeth and semi-circular handle. The association of combs with a single row of teeth with double-sided ones represents a chronological as well as a cultural “marker” for the Early Migration period, other known analogies pointing towards the area of the Late Roman Pannonian Limes. Double-sided combs are found in a small number in the Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov environment, the chronology of these types of combs, as well as of other small finds identified in the Suceagu – Rădaia settlement, accounting for the presence of antler comb workshops here, during the chronological stages D1-D2. The presence of a production centre for double-sided combs at Pericei, a site positioned beyond the north-western limes of the former province of Dacia Porolissensis, represents a milestone that marks a possible route for cultural influences reaching towards the settlement at Suceagu – Rădaia. To conclude, the present study illustrates the existence of a cultural mixture between the local Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov milieu with northern cultural influences coming from the environment of the Germanic federates in the area of the Pannonian limes. Such a complex phenomenon should have its beginnings around AD 400, at a time when the important cultural environments of the Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov and Przeworsk cultures are starting to fade out of their existence. Mediation between the areas of southern Poland and north-western Transylvania took place, as indicated by the spatial distribution of numerous metal or ceramic artefacts through settlements in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary, areas that acted as real bridgeheads over the Carpathian Basin.
作者介绍了在克鲁日县Suceagu - r daia农村定居点发现的鹿冠。从考古研究的一开始，大量加工过的鹿角碎片就指向了一个车间的存在，类似于在布尔拉德已知的车间-“Valea seacei”或中欧-东欧地区的其他当代定居点。这里发现的梳子的类型分类说明了三种梳子的存在，这些梳子具有单排牙齿和半圆形手柄，以及双面梳子。具有重要意义的是，其中一把梳子上的兽形装饰属于其中一把具有单排齿和半圆形手柄的梳子。带有单排牙齿和双面牙齿的梳子的联系代表了早期移民时期的时间和文化“标记”，其他已知的类比指向罗马晚期潘诺尼亚石灰地区。在 ntana de murenu - Černjachov环境中发现了少量的双面梳子，这些梳子的年代，以及在Suceagu - r daia定居点发现的其他小发现，说明在D1-D2年代阶段，这里有鹿角梳子作坊。位于前Dacia Porolissensis省西北边界之外的Pericei的双面梳子生产中心的存在代表了一个里程碑，标志着文化影响到达Suceagu - ruridaia定居点的可能路线。总而言之，本研究说明了当地 ntana de murenu - Černjachov环境与来自潘诺尼亚地区日耳曼联邦环境的北部文化影响之间的文化混合的存在。这种复杂的现象应该是在公元400年左右开始的，当时重要的文化环境，如纳塔纳·德·穆雷乌斯特- Černjachov和普热沃斯克文化开始逐渐消失。波兰南部地区和特兰西瓦尼亚西北部地区之间发生了调解，通过斯洛伐克东部和匈牙利东北部的定居点，大量金属或陶瓷人工制品的空间分布表明，这些地区是喀尔巴阡盆地上真正的桥头堡。
{"title":"Antler Comb Production in the Settlement at Suceagu-Rădaia (Cluj County). A Contribution to the Study of the Cultural Contacts at the Beginnings of the Migration Period","authors":"C. Opreanu, V. Lăzărescu","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.95","url":null,"abstract":"The authors are presenting the antler combs discovered as part of the rural settlement at Suceagu – Rădaia, Cluj County. From the very beginning of the archaeological research, the numerous fragments of processed antler pointed towards the presence of a workshop similar to those already known at Bârlad – “Valea Seacă” or from other contemporary settlements in the Central-Eastern European region. The typological classification of the combs discovered here illustrated the presence of three types of combs having a single row of teeth and semi-circular handle, as well as double-sided combs. Of great significance is the zoomorphic decoration present on one of the combs belonging to one of the combs having a single row of teeth and semi-circular handle. The association of combs with a single row of teeth with double-sided ones represents a chronological as well as a cultural “marker” for the Early Migration period, other known analogies pointing towards the area of the Late Roman Pannonian Limes. Double-sided combs are found in a small number in the Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov environment, the chronology of these types of combs, as well as of other small finds identified in the Suceagu – Rădaia settlement, accounting for the presence of antler comb workshops here, during the chronological stages D1-D2. The presence of a production centre for double-sided combs at Pericei, a site positioned beyond the north-western limes of the former province of Dacia Porolissensis, represents a milestone that marks a possible route for cultural influences reaching towards the settlement at Suceagu – Rădaia. To conclude, the present study illustrates the existence of a cultural mixture between the local Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov milieu with northern cultural influences coming from the environment of the Germanic federates in the area of the Pannonian limes. Such a complex phenomenon should have its beginnings around AD 400, at a time when the important cultural environments of the Sântana de Mureș – Černjachov and Przeworsk cultures are starting to fade out of their existence. Mediation between the areas of southern Poland and north-western Transylvania took place, as indicated by the spatial distribution of numerous metal or ceramic artefacts through settlements in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary, areas that acted as real bridgeheads over the Carpathian Basin.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.217
Ș. Vasilache
The following paper brings forth a less studied category of artefacts discovered in the Orăștie Mountains area. The terracotta pipes found in the area since the 19th c. are mentioned in different historical sources, archaeological reports and publications, but they have rarely been treated as the object of particular studies. As such, based on information obtained during my doctoral research that focused on the water management systems of pre-Roman Dacia, I will present some observations regarding the terracotta pipes discovered in the Orăștie Mountains. Before that, I will try to discuss the information and interpretations proposed for this type of artefacts during the last two centuries, in parallel to the general interpretation of the archaeological sites from the Orăștie Mountains and Grădiștea de Munte in particular. All of this is done in order to determine if this category of objects can be related to a certain period and cultural material expression.
下面的文章提出了在Orăștie山区发现的一类研究较少的人工制品。自19世纪以来，在该地区发现的陶土管道在不同的历史资料、考古报告和出版物中都有提及，但很少将它们作为特定研究的对象。因此，根据我在博士研究期间获得的信息，主要关注罗马前达契亚的水管理系统，我将介绍一些关于在Orăștie山脉发现的陶土管的观察结果。在此之前，我将尝试讨论在过去两个世纪中对这类人工制品提出的信息和解释，并与对Orăștie山脉和Grădiștea de Munte考古遗址的一般解释相平行。所有这些都是为了确定这类物品是否可以与特定时期和文化物质表达有关。
{"title":"Observations Regarding the Terracotta Pipes from the Orăștie Mountains","authors":"Ș. Vasilache","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.217","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper brings forth a less studied category of artefacts discovered in the Orăștie Mountains area. The terracotta pipes found in the area since the 19th c. are mentioned in different historical sources, archaeological reports and publications, but they have rarely been treated as the object of particular studies. As such, based on information obtained during my doctoral research that focused on the water management systems of pre-Roman Dacia, I will present some observations regarding the terracotta pipes discovered in the Orăștie Mountains. Before that, I will try to discuss the information and interpretations proposed for this type of artefacts during the last two centuries, in parallel to the general interpretation of the archaeological sites from the Orăștie Mountains and Grădiștea de Munte in particular. All of this is done in order to determine if this category of objects can be related to a certain period and cultural material expression.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.259
C. Opreanu
The author briefly presents some famous forgeries in Roman archeology and epigraphy starting from the Renaissance till to the 21st century. After this introduction he is reanalyzing a Roman shard from Porolissum having incised after burning signs and letters interpreted several times as Early Christian symbols and texts. The author carefully examines the find starting from the unknown conditions of discovery, till to the interpretation of the texts. His conclusion is that the signs and inscriptions are not authentic, but it is a forgery not identified by the archaeologists of the period. In a second part of the study the author is debating other two false interpretations of two Roman buildings at Porolissum. First one was the temple of Palmyrene god Bel which was considered as transformed into a Christian Basilica in the 4th century after the Roman administration left Dacia. The allegation was not supported by any positive evidence and on this ground is rejected by the author of the present article. The second case is the shrine of goddess Nemesis identified based on an inscription under the stone stands of the amphitheater. The idea of a Christian martyrial church proposed cannot be accepted. The author demonstrates why it is impossible to imagine at Porolissum the existence of these Christian churches in the 4th century.
{"title":"Corrigenda Porolissensia (II). Authentic, or Forgery? Critical Analysis of Some Early Christian Evidence at Porolissum","authors":"C. Opreanu","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.259","url":null,"abstract":"The author briefly presents some famous forgeries in Roman archeology and epigraphy starting from the Renaissance till to the 21st century. After this introduction he is reanalyzing a Roman shard from Porolissum having incised after burning signs and letters interpreted several times as Early Christian symbols and texts. The author carefully examines the find starting from the unknown conditions of discovery, till to the interpretation of the texts. His conclusion is that the signs and inscriptions are not authentic, but it is a forgery not identified by the archaeologists of the period. In a second part of the study the author is debating other two false interpretations of two Roman buildings at Porolissum. First one was the temple of Palmyrene god Bel which was considered as transformed into a Christian Basilica in the 4th century after the Roman administration left Dacia. The allegation was not supported by any positive evidence and on this ground is rejected by the author of the present article. The second case is the shrine of goddess Nemesis identified based on an inscription under the stone stands of the amphitheater. The idea of a Christian martyrial church proposed cannot be accepted. The author demonstrates why it is impossible to imagine at Porolissum the existence of these Christian churches in the 4th century.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"1994 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.223
Sorin Cociș, V. Lăzărescu, Sergiu-Traian Socaciu
The article informs upon the current state of research concerning the Roman site at Sutor (Sălaj County). The first reliable information concerning the site was accounted by K. Torma during the second half of the 19th century. The site remained ‘silent’ until the late ‘60s when several votive monuments were recovered from the area of the site. The systematic archaeological research began in 2001 and continued since then with few interruptions. Even though the fort was trenched between 2006–2008 to establish its position and dimensions, it was in 2012 that most of its inner structure as well as an initial smaller timber fort were revealed, after a large-scale geophysical survey was performed. In 2021 the archaeological works were resumed in connection with the infrastructure works for the ‘Transylvania Highway’ highlighting multiple elements of the civilian settlement developed around the Roman fort.
{"title":"An Overview of the Archaeological Research in the Roman Fort and Vicus at Sutor (Sălaj County)","authors":"Sorin Cociș, V. Lăzărescu, Sergiu-Traian Socaciu","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.223","url":null,"abstract":"The article informs upon the current state of research concerning the Roman site at Sutor (Sălaj County). The first reliable information concerning the site was accounted by K. Torma during the second half of the 19th century. The site remained ‘silent’ until the late ‘60s when several votive monuments were recovered from the area of the site. The systematic archaeological research began in 2001 and continued since then with few interruptions. Even though the fort was trenched between 2006–2008 to establish its position and dimensions, it was in 2012 that most of its inner structure as well as an initial smaller timber fort were revealed, after a large-scale geophysical survey was performed. In 2021 the archaeological works were resumed in connection with the infrastructure works for the ‘Transylvania Highway’ highlighting multiple elements of the civilian settlement developed around the Roman fort.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.139
Beatrice Ciută, M. Egri
The article is discussing the macrobotanical remains which have been identified in soil samples taken from different archaeological contexts associated with the Roman villa rustica at Oarda-Bulza, Alba County, during the 2019 campaign. This is the first major agricultural estate from Roman Dacia which has been systematically investigated using an interdisciplinary approach, the primary aim being to shed light on the interplay between particular forms of production, cultural consumption, community formation, and the integration into a number of provincial and imperial networks. The analysis of this first set of macrobotanical remains is offering relevant data regarding the agricultural and consumption practices of the inhabitants who once lived on a very fertile area from the hinterland of Apulum, the most important conurbation from Roman Dacia.
{"title":"Archaeobotanical Data from villa rustica at Oarda-Bulza (Alba County). The 2019 Campaign","authors":"Beatrice Ciută, M. Egri","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.139","url":null,"abstract":"The article is discussing the macrobotanical remains which have been identified in soil samples taken from different archaeological contexts associated with the Roman villa rustica at Oarda-Bulza, Alba County, during the 2019 campaign. This is the first major agricultural estate from Roman Dacia which has been systematically investigated using an interdisciplinary approach, the primary aim being to shed light on the interplay between particular forms of production, cultural consumption, community formation, and the integration into a number of provincial and imperial networks. The analysis of this first set of macrobotanical remains is offering relevant data regarding the agricultural and consumption practices of the inhabitants who once lived on a very fertile area from the hinterland of Apulum, the most important conurbation from Roman Dacia.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123011305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.205
M. Olędzki
This article is a re-enactment of the biography of one of the outstanding Romans, M. V. Maximianus, who rose to fame through his numerous heroic deeds in the period known as the Marcomannic Wars. The basis for this re-enactment were two archaeological sources of immense importance, both in the form of inscriptions. One inscription was discovered in today’s Slovak Trenčin and the other in Zana, in Algeria. Importantly, their contents mutually enrich and supplement each other, providing the basis for re-enactment of the biography. At the same time, it should be stipulated that that some fragments of this biography, especially in terms of absolute dating, reflect only the author’s educated guess, made in the majority based on the sequence of events that took place.
{"title":"From Praetorio to Diana Veteranorum, Career of Marcus Valerius Maximianus","authors":"M. Olędzki","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.205","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a re-enactment of the biography of one of the outstanding Romans, M. V. Maximianus, who rose to fame through his numerous heroic deeds in the period known as the Marcomannic Wars. The basis for this re-enactment were two archaeological sources of immense importance, both in the form of inscriptions. One inscription was discovered in today’s Slovak Trenčin and the other in Zana, in Algeria. Importantly, their contents mutually enrich and supplement each other, providing the basis for re-enactment of the biography. At the same time, it should be stipulated that that some fragments of this biography, especially in terms of absolute dating, reflect only the author’s educated guess, made in the majority based on the sequence of events that took place.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133085096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.283
C. Cosma
Sometime in the 7th century, pottery made with a potter’s wheel reaching a medium rotation speed appeared in the Carpathian Basin. This particular pottery, generically referred to as “Danubian-type pottery”, evolved in different ways from one region to another until it was generalized in the 8th century as a specific type that characterizes large areas in central and south-eastern Europe. Owing to the technical innovations that led to the improvement of the potter’s wheel, pottery also began to be produced on the fast-rotating wheel. However, 7th–10th-century fast wheel pottery from Transylvania should not be regarded as an ethnic attribute. Early Medieval wheel-thrown pottery is recorded not only in settlements but also in inhumation and bi-ritual cemeteries from Transylvania, north-western Romania and Crișana (centralwestern Romania), constantly appearing from the Middle Avar period (AD 650/670) until the end of the 10th century (Tab. 1–2). The list of finds thus demonstrates that all population groups archaeologically attested in Transylvania by material evidence and, especially, spiritual activities knew fast wheel pottery. These are mainly Avar and Slavic populations, represented in the group of Avar cemeteries at the Mureș river bend in central Transylvania and the Mediaș Group, which can be attributed to the Slavic and Slavo-Avar populations of the Transylvanian Plateau.
{"title":"Fast Wheel Gravel-tempered Coarse Ware Found in 7th–10th-Century Cemeteries from Western Romania","authors":"C. Cosma","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.283","url":null,"abstract":"Sometime in the 7th century, pottery made with a potter’s wheel reaching a medium rotation speed appeared in the Carpathian Basin. This particular pottery, generically referred to as “Danubian-type pottery”, evolved in different ways from one region to another until it was generalized in the 8th century as a specific type that characterizes large areas in central and south-eastern Europe. Owing to the technical innovations that led to the improvement of the potter’s wheel, pottery also began to be produced on the fast-rotating wheel. However, 7th–10th-century fast wheel pottery from Transylvania should not be regarded as an ethnic attribute. Early Medieval wheel-thrown pottery is recorded not only in settlements but also in inhumation and bi-ritual cemeteries from Transylvania, north-western Romania and Crișana (centralwestern Romania), constantly appearing from the Middle Avar period (AD 650/670) until the end of the 10th century (Tab. 1–2). The list of finds thus demonstrates that all population groups archaeologically attested in Transylvania by material evidence and, especially, spiritual activities knew fast wheel pottery. These are mainly Avar and Slavic populations, represented in the group of Avar cemeteries at the Mureș river bend in central Transylvania and the Mediaș Group, which can be attributed to the Slavic and Slavo-Avar populations of the Transylvanian Plateau.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131786514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.91
Michail V. Ljubicev, Erdmute Schultze
Nach dem gegenwärtigen Forschungstand sind zweireihige dreilagige Kämme vor allem im westlichen Teil des Verbreitungsgebietes der Sântana de Mureş-Černjachov-Kultur, in Gräbern auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Rumänien bekannt. Als erster Fund aus dem östlichen Teil des Verbreitungsgebietes wird der Kamm aus Vojtenki vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung der Inventare und Datierungen zeigt, dass Gräber mit zweireihigen Kämmen nicht ausschließlich auf das Ende der Kultur im ersten Viertel des 5. Jhs. beschränkt waren. Derartige Kämme gehören auch zum Inventar von Gräbern die wahrscheinlich im letzten Viertel des 4. Jhs. angelegt wurden. Der zweireihige Kamm aus Vojtenki kann damit als weiterer Beweis für die Verbindungen zwischen den Trägern der Kultur in der Dnepr-Donec-Waldsteppe und dem Donaugebiet während der hunnischen Zeit angesehen werden.
后目前Forschungstand是zweireihige dreilagige梳子,尤其是西部的Verbreitungsgebietes Sântana de Mureş-Černjachov-Kultur当今领域的墓地位于罗马尼亚宣布.它是由Vojtenki构成的，是一个东岸的探险家。所有记录和分类工作都显示，用两个“利头”式的坟墓并非全都用在古代五旬节文化的末期。Jhs .限于当时.在4月4日的最后一个晚上，坟墓的摆设属于此类梳子。Jhs .设计被.这条来自Vojtenki的双排山岭，进一步证明了在亨尼托斯森林草原上，有些文化边缘人物曾与多瑙河地区的屏障来往。
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