In the current research, a total of 10 bacterial isolates have been collected from municipal waste, vegetable waste, a dumping ground, a rice field, termite waste, cotton dyeing industry waste, forest waste, the soil under a coconut tree, dead decomposed plant waste, and sewage waste.Using soluble carboxy methyl cellulose degradation assays, the 10 bacterial strains have been isolated and examined for cellulolytic activity. In one percentage CMC agar medium, four strains, namely C9D, C9E, C9C, and C9B, efficiently digested cellulose, with a cellulolytic index of 35 mm, 25 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm, respectively. The appearance of a clear zone was utilised to estimate cellulolytic activity. High-cellulolytic-activity isolates were identified up to the genus level.
{"title":"Enrichment and Characterisation of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria","authors":"Sucheta Golwalkar, Farida Khatri","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18061","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, a total of 10 bacterial isolates have been collected from municipal waste, vegetable waste, a dumping ground, a rice field, termite waste, cotton dyeing industry waste, forest waste, the soil under a coconut tree, dead decomposed plant waste, and sewage waste.Using soluble carboxy methyl cellulose degradation assays, the 10 bacterial strains have been isolated and examined for cellulolytic activity. In one percentage CMC agar medium, four strains, namely C9D, C9E, C9C, and C9B, efficiently digested cellulose, with a cellulolytic index of 35 mm, 25 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm, respectively. The appearance of a clear zone was utilised to estimate cellulolytic activity. High-cellulolytic-activity isolates were identified up to the genus level.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existence of cancer has been stated as a century’s oldest challenge for the entire human race around theglobe recording a large amount of mortality per year and as per the WHO data nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2021 worldwide besides others. Colorectal cancer is considered a major threat as this is cancer-related to the colon and rectum with an incidence of 41/1,00,000 recorded annually to overcome this challenge our medical system requires more advanced, accurate and efficient high throughput techniques for the prognosis and effective treatment of this disease. Artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare has been a matter of discussion among experts over the past few years, but more recently the spotlight has focused more specifically on the role that this technology can play in improving patient outcomes and improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment processes. Artificial intelligence refers to a broad category of technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning. Exploration of Molecular pathways with characteristics that helps in subtyping of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leading to specific treatment response or prognosis, for the effective treatment, classification and early detection done using Artificial Intelligence based technologies have shown promising results so far, that it may be utilized to create prediction models in the current environment to distinguish between polyps, metastases, or normal cells in addition to early detection and effective cancer therapy. Nowadays many scientists are putting effort into designing such fabricating models by combining natural language processes and deep learning that can differentiate between non-adenomatous and adenomatous polyps to identify hyper-mutated tumours, genetic mutations and molecular pathways known as IDaRS strategy or iterative draw-and-rank sampling. The review study primarily focuses on the significance of emerging AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in light of existing obstacles.
{"title":"Role of Artificial Intelligence in High Throughput Diagnostics for Colorectal Cancer Current Updates","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Tripathi, Chakresh Kumar Jain ","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18708","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of cancer has been stated as a century’s oldest challenge for the entire human race around theglobe recording a large amount of mortality per year and as per the WHO data nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2021 worldwide besides others. Colorectal cancer is considered a major threat as this is cancer-related to the colon and rectum with an incidence of 41/1,00,000 recorded annually to overcome this challenge our medical system requires more advanced, accurate and efficient high throughput techniques for the prognosis and effective treatment of this disease. Artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare has been a matter of discussion among experts over the past few years, but more recently the spotlight has focused more specifically on the role that this technology can play in improving patient outcomes and improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment processes. Artificial intelligence refers to a broad category of technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning. Exploration of Molecular pathways with characteristics that helps in subtyping of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leading to specific treatment response or prognosis, for the effective treatment, classification and early detection done using Artificial Intelligence based technologies have shown promising results so far, that it may be utilized to create prediction models in the current environment to distinguish between polyps, metastases, or normal cells in addition to early detection and effective cancer therapy. Nowadays many scientists are putting effort into designing such fabricating models by combining natural language processes and deep learning that can differentiate between non-adenomatous and adenomatous polyps to identify hyper-mutated tumours, genetic mutations and molecular pathways known as IDaRS strategy or iterative draw-and-rank sampling. The review study primarily focuses on the significance of emerging AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in light of existing obstacles.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135601669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many plant-derived products are well known to possess therapeutic properties along with minimum side effectsand relatively competitive efficacies as compared to other chemical counterparts/analogs. Herbal drugs are therefore now widely accepted owing to their long-lasting impact. However, the role of cultivation conditions and associated biotic and abiotic parameters are paramount in affecting the yield of phytocompounds among cultivated plants. Moreover, with the increasing burden on cultivable land available for the production of cash crops, medicinal plants require alternative techniques of propagation for meeting commercial demands without adversely affecting their yield of phytocompounds and their therapeutic potential. Regulating the biotic and abiotic parameters using several methods of propagation (viz. vegetative and plant tissue culture) is instrumental in attaining the desired yield in the harvest. The major drawbacks of these techniques are lack of skilled labour and high monetary expense. Alternative techniques, such as hydroponics and aeroponics are pivotal to overcoming these disadvantages. The ‘Hydroponics’ technique involves plant cultivation in a soil-less nutrient medium. This method offers major advantages over the conventional techniques being more economical and independent of seasonal variations besides eliminating the influence of soil-microbe interactions on the development of plants. This technique is under continuous investigation and improvement with recent advances being made in the inter-disciplinary approaches for improving the technique by the addition of IoT and cloud computing along with other conventional techniques such as vertical farming forhydroponic systems and the development of hybrid models.
{"title":"Recent Advancements in Prevalent Practices for Plant Cultivation by Hydroponics","authors":"Utkarsha Srivastava, Ashwani Mathur","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18781","url":null,"abstract":"Many plant-derived products are well known to possess therapeutic properties along with minimum side effectsand relatively competitive efficacies as compared to other chemical counterparts/analogs. Herbal drugs are therefore now widely accepted owing to their long-lasting impact. However, the role of cultivation conditions and associated biotic and abiotic parameters are paramount in affecting the yield of phytocompounds among cultivated plants. Moreover, with the increasing burden on cultivable land available for the production of cash crops, medicinal plants require alternative techniques of propagation for meeting commercial demands without adversely affecting their yield of phytocompounds and their therapeutic potential. Regulating the biotic and abiotic parameters using several methods of propagation (viz. vegetative and plant tissue culture) is instrumental in attaining the desired yield in the harvest. The major drawbacks of these techniques are lack of skilled labour and high monetary expense. Alternative techniques, such as hydroponics and aeroponics are pivotal to overcoming these disadvantages. The ‘Hydroponics’ technique involves plant cultivation in a soil-less nutrient medium. This method offers major advantages over the conventional techniques being more economical and independent of seasonal variations besides eliminating the influence of soil-microbe interactions on the development of plants. This technique is under continuous investigation and improvement with recent advances being made in the inter-disciplinary approaches for improving the technique by the addition of IoT and cloud computing along with other conventional techniques such as vertical farming forhydroponic systems and the development of hybrid models.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsering Dolma, Anand K Katiyar, Rohit Kumar, O P Chaurasia, Tsering Stobdan
Broccoli is a cool-season crop. The optimum temperature for initiation of flowering and head growth is 15-20°C. Due to subfreezing temperatures at night, the crop is not traditionally cultivated in winter in the high-altitude Ladakh region. We found that growing broccoli in a passive solar greenhouse in winter is feasible. The choice of greenhouse cladding material and the date of transplanting are important factors that need to be considered. The mean marketable head weight of the cv. Fiesta and KTS-1 in a passive solar trench greenhouse with polycarbonate cladding material transplanted on 8 September were 403±106 and 169±100 g, respectively. Delayed transplanting on 8 October did not produce any marketable head. Covering the greenhouse with a polyethylene sheet did not result in marketable heads on both transplanting dates. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for researchers and the farming community to optimize the greenhouse production of broccoli during freezing winter-months in high-altitude regions.
{"title":"Effect of Cladding Material and Date of Transplanting on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Broccoli During Winter in High Altitude Ladakh, India","authors":"Tsering Dolma, Anand K Katiyar, Rohit Kumar, O P Chaurasia, Tsering Stobdan","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18752","url":null,"abstract":"Broccoli is a cool-season crop. The optimum temperature for initiation of flowering and head growth is 15-20°C. Due to subfreezing temperatures at night, the crop is not traditionally cultivated in winter in the high-altitude Ladakh region. We found that growing broccoli in a passive solar greenhouse in winter is feasible. The choice of greenhouse cladding material and the date of transplanting are important factors that need to be considered. The mean marketable head weight of the cv. Fiesta and KTS-1 in a passive solar trench greenhouse with polycarbonate cladding material transplanted on 8 September were 403±106 and 169±100 g, respectively. Delayed transplanting on 8 October did not produce any marketable head. Covering the greenhouse with a polyethylene sheet did not result in marketable heads on both transplanting dates. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for researchers and the farming community to optimize the greenhouse production of broccoli during freezing winter-months in high-altitude regions.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surabhi Ambastha, Amit Patnaik, Vinay Oraon, Latika Sharan
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. More than hundreds of plants have been reported in the Ethno-botanical literature of India for theiranti-microbial activity as well as for treatment of many diseases and Butea monosperma (Lam.)Taub is one of them. The present investigation is focused on the anti-microbial activity of Butea monosperma leaves against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum). Both excerpts (ethanol and methanol) show positive responses against all the selected microorganisms. GC-MS analysis is done to find out important compound which is anti-microbial. A total of 38 compounds are identified in GC-MS analysis. Out of 38 compounds, 8 compounds are identified as antimicrobial in nature such as Dodecane, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Phytol, Palmidrol, Squalene, Tetracosane, Vitamin E and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one which justify, this plant possess significant anti-microbial property. GC-MS analysis reveals that majorly, this plant leaves also possess 10 antioxidant compounds (Neophytadiene, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, squalene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B, Tetracosane, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- and STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-,), 9 anti-cancerous compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, squalene, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-, STIGMASTA- 5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lupeol),8 anti-inflammatory compounds (Neophytadiene,2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, Phytol, Palmidrol, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and Lupeol), 3 cardioprotective compounds ( Neophytadiene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and .gamma.-Tocopherol A) and 5 antidiabetic compounds (.alpha.-Tocospiro B, Vitamin E, STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one).This investigation suggests that this plant leaf has not only anti-microbial potential but also possesses other important compounds to fight against many deadly diseases. Thus, this plant has immense potential to make an individual place in pharmacological industries, especially as antibiotics.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity and GCMS Analysis of leaves Extracts of Butea Monosperma Lam Taub","authors":"Surabhi Ambastha, Amit Patnaik, Vinay Oraon, Latika Sharan","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18789","url":null,"abstract":"Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. More than hundreds of plants have been reported in the Ethno-botanical literature of India for theiranti-microbial activity as well as for treatment of many diseases and Butea monosperma (Lam.)Taub is one of them. The present investigation is focused on the anti-microbial activity of Butea monosperma leaves against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum). Both excerpts (ethanol and methanol) show positive responses against all the selected microorganisms. GC-MS analysis is done to find out important compound which is anti-microbial. A total of 38 compounds are identified in GC-MS analysis. Out of 38 compounds, 8 compounds are identified as antimicrobial in nature such as Dodecane, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Phytol, Palmidrol, Squalene, Tetracosane, Vitamin E and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one which justify, this plant possess significant anti-microbial property. GC-MS analysis reveals that majorly, this plant leaves also possess 10 antioxidant compounds (Neophytadiene, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, squalene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B, Tetracosane, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- and STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-,), 9 anti-cancerous compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, squalene, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-, STIGMASTA- 5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lupeol),8 anti-inflammatory compounds (Neophytadiene,2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, Phytol, Palmidrol, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and Lupeol), 3 cardioprotective compounds ( Neophytadiene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and .gamma.-Tocopherol A) and 5 antidiabetic compounds (.alpha.-Tocospiro B, Vitamin E, STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one).This investigation suggests that this plant leaf has not only anti-microbial potential but also possesses other important compounds to fight against many deadly diseases. Thus, this plant has immense potential to make an individual place in pharmacological industries, especially as antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid industrialization as a consequence of the population explosion has led to the expansion of the agricultureand food processing sector to feed every mouth and to meet rapidly growing market demand. Extensive harvesting and processing of crops and raw agricultural harvests, and production of secondary and tertiary wastes from industrial manufacturing operations associated with agricultural and food products have impacted the environment in adverse ways, which is causing irreparable damages. To minimize the carbon load on earth, several sustainable technologies have been developed, which can save the environment as well as generate some useful and industrially important products. This review work focuses on the current scenario of these wastes, and their harmful effects on nature in general, and on the environment in particular. It also suggests that sustainable techniques can minimize these harmful impacts, and can instead manufacture some valuable products like antibiotics, enzymes, organic acid, organic chemicals, biomass, pigment, flavors, solid fuel, and bioalcohol. Thus, this is a comprehensive and extensive account of the utilization of agricultural and food processing wastes to derive valuable, useful products.
{"title":"Utilization of Agro industrial Food Processing Wastes and Pollutants for Manufacture of Products of Industrial Value A review","authors":"Swati Ray, Avik Mukherjee, Uma Ghosh","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18861","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid industrialization as a consequence of the population explosion has led to the expansion of the agricultureand food processing sector to feed every mouth and to meet rapidly growing market demand. Extensive harvesting and processing of crops and raw agricultural harvests, and production of secondary and tertiary wastes from industrial manufacturing operations associated with agricultural and food products have impacted the environment in adverse ways, which is causing irreparable damages. To minimize the carbon load on earth, several sustainable technologies have been developed, which can save the environment as well as generate some useful and industrially important products. This review work focuses on the current scenario of these wastes, and their harmful effects on nature in general, and on the environment in particular. It also suggests that sustainable techniques can minimize these harmful impacts, and can instead manufacture some valuable products like antibiotics, enzymes, organic acid, organic chemicals, biomass, pigment, flavors, solid fuel, and bioalcohol. Thus, this is a comprehensive and extensive account of the utilization of agricultural and food processing wastes to derive valuable, useful products.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemical with antioxidant properties have great potential to combat plant and human diseases. This study aims to analyze the effects of different phytochemical constituents on different solvents on their extraction yield and also to determine the bioactive phytochemical and the amount of antioxidant activity of Alangium salvifolium seeds. For this study, the seeds of Alangium salvifolium were extracted, analyzed for phytochemical constituents, and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Chemical analysis of phytochemical constituents was performed according to standard protocols. The antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was measured using several in vitro techniques, including the DPPH radical scavenging assay and SOS activity. The plant extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening to determine their potential for antioxidant activity and the presence of bioactive components. The results of the current study show the ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium seeds showed remarkable antioxidant properties. Alangium salvifolium is a remarkable medicinal plant that contains a variety of bioactive secondary plant compounds and can be used to prevent several diseases. Recent research suggests that plant-derived antioxidants that scavenge free radicals may be useful in treating chronic diseases caused by free radicals.
{"title":"Ethnopharmacology, Antioxidant Activities, and Phytochemical Screening of Bioactive Extracts from the Seeds of Alangium Salvifolium, A Medicinal Plant","authors":"Renu Tiwari, Tripti Sharma","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18532","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical with antioxidant properties have great potential to combat plant and human diseases. This study aims to analyze the effects of different phytochemical constituents on different solvents on their extraction yield and also to determine the bioactive phytochemical and the amount of antioxidant activity of Alangium salvifolium seeds. For this study, the seeds of Alangium salvifolium were extracted, analyzed for phytochemical constituents, and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Chemical analysis of phytochemical constituents was performed according to standard protocols. The antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was measured using several in vitro techniques, including the DPPH radical scavenging assay and SOS activity. The plant extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening to determine their potential for antioxidant activity and the presence of bioactive components. The results of the current study show the ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium seeds showed remarkable antioxidant properties. Alangium salvifolium is a remarkable medicinal plant that contains a variety of bioactive secondary plant compounds and can be used to prevent several diseases. Recent research suggests that plant-derived antioxidants that scavenge free radicals may be useful in treating chronic diseases caused by free radicals.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, Vijay Juyal, Archana N. Sah, Minky Mukhija
Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer is used traditionally as folkloric medicines for the treatment of differentpathological conditions. The first reported constituent from the bark of the plant was an iridoid glycoside premnosidic acid having antioxidant activity. Other species of this genus i.e., Premna latifolia, Premna tomentosa has shown to have antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Despite the ethnomedicinal uses, no scientific evidence in support of antitumor activity on the stem bark of Premna barbata is reported so far. Hence, the current work aims to assess anticancer potentiality of different extracts of P. barbata on various cancer cell lines. Different extracts i.e., Petroleum ether extract (PBPE), Chloroform extract (PBCE), Ethyl acetate extract (PBEE) and Alcoholic extract (PBAE) were prepared and on each extract in-vitro antiproliferative activity was performed by using SRB assay. The most potent extract i.e., PBEE was then evaluated for antioxidant activity. Qualitative phytochemical investigation of different extracts indicates the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic constituents. Ethyl acetate extract of Premna barbata gives potent cytotoxic activity in all cancer cell lines but more selectively to human colon cancer cell line (COLO-205) with GI 50 44.6 μg/ml. The phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate extract was 3.43±0.09 mg GE/g and 4.28±0.18mg QE/g respectively. Nineteen compounds were observed in positive (+) ESI mode chromatograms when LC-MS analysis was carried out. The LC-MS analysis by positive ionization mode, the predicted compounds such as Geniposidic acid (synonym: Premnosidic acid) and Rutin were detected. The cytotoxicity observed on cancerous cell lines in our study may be due to the presence of observed compounds. So, it can be concluded that Premna barbata stembark has remarkable cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines but the effect is more on colon cell lines as compared to others.
{"title":"In Vitro Antiproliferative Efficacy, Antioxidant Activity and LC MS Based Metabolite Profiling of Premna Barbata Stem Bark","authors":"Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, Vijay Juyal, Archana N. Sah, Minky Mukhija","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18796","url":null,"abstract":"Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer is used traditionally as folkloric medicines for the treatment of differentpathological conditions. The first reported constituent from the bark of the plant was an iridoid glycoside premnosidic acid having antioxidant activity. Other species of this genus i.e., Premna latifolia, Premna tomentosa has shown to have antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Despite the ethnomedicinal uses, no scientific evidence in support of antitumor activity on the stem bark of Premna barbata is reported so far. Hence, the current work aims to assess anticancer potentiality of different extracts of P. barbata on various cancer cell lines. Different extracts i.e., Petroleum ether extract (PBPE), Chloroform extract (PBCE), Ethyl acetate extract (PBEE) and Alcoholic extract (PBAE) were prepared and on each extract in-vitro antiproliferative activity was performed by using SRB assay. The most potent extract i.e., PBEE was then evaluated for antioxidant activity. Qualitative phytochemical investigation of different extracts indicates the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic constituents. Ethyl acetate extract of Premna barbata gives potent cytotoxic activity in all cancer cell lines but more selectively to human colon cancer cell line (COLO-205) with GI 50 44.6 μg/ml. The phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate extract was 3.43±0.09 mg GE/g and 4.28±0.18mg QE/g respectively. Nineteen compounds were observed in positive (+) ESI mode chromatograms when LC-MS analysis was carried out. The LC-MS analysis by positive ionization mode, the predicted compounds such as Geniposidic acid (synonym: Premnosidic acid) and Rutin were detected. The cytotoxicity observed on cancerous cell lines in our study may be due to the presence of observed compounds. So, it can be concluded that Premna barbata stembark has remarkable cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines but the effect is more on colon cell lines as compared to others.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bergenia ligulata, locally known as “Pashanbheda,” belongs to the family Saxifragaceae and is a perennial herb with a short and thick stem. This plant has numerous medicinal properties including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the rhizome of this plant contains various phytochemical constituents. Qualitative analysis shows that it contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycosides. Thirty- two bioactive compounds were identifiedduring GC-MS analysis. Dihydro-3-methylene-5-methyl-2-furanon, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 9-Octadecenamide(Z), 6,9-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The total phenol and flavonoid content from the quantitative analysis revealed a significant amount of phenol i.e., 67.1±0.02*6mg/g, and flavonoid content i.e., 89.11±0.01* mg/g. In vitro, antioxidant activities were estimated by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay showing the highest % inhibition of 47.24±0.06* for plant extract and 41.63±0.057* for standard respectively. The in vitro, antidiabetic activitieswere estimated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay showing the highest % inhibition of 67.14±0.05* at 250 μg/ ml for methanolic plant extract and 61.42±0.01* at 250 μg/ ml for standard and in vitro antibacterial potential were detected by using Agar well diffusion process. The anti-bacterial action was found maximum in aqueous plant extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Potential of Bergenia ligulata","authors":"Sushila Rani, Richa Puri, Pooja Boora, Abul Qasim","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18258","url":null,"abstract":"Bergenia ligulata, locally known as “Pashanbheda,” belongs to the family Saxifragaceae and is a perennial herb with a short and thick stem. This plant has numerous medicinal properties including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the rhizome of this plant contains various phytochemical constituents. Qualitative analysis shows that it contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycosides. Thirty- two bioactive compounds were identifiedduring GC-MS analysis. Dihydro-3-methylene-5-methyl-2-furanon, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 9-Octadecenamide(Z), 6,9-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The total phenol and flavonoid content from the quantitative analysis revealed a significant amount of phenol i.e., 67.1±0.02*6mg/g, and flavonoid content i.e., 89.11±0.01* mg/g. In vitro, antioxidant activities were estimated by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay showing the highest % inhibition of 47.24±0.06* for plant extract and 41.63±0.057* for standard respectively. The in vitro, antidiabetic activitieswere estimated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay showing the highest % inhibition of 67.14±0.05* at 250 μg/ ml for methanolic plant extract and 61.42±0.01* at 250 μg/ ml for standard and in vitro antibacterial potential were detected by using Agar well diffusion process. The anti-bacterial action was found maximum in aqueous plant extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory illness caused by an accumulation of inflammatory infiltration in the synovial membrane, which leads to the progressive deterioration of joint architecture. Women are three times more likely than men to have RA, with more severe functional loss and disability. The purpose of this review is to study the shifts in the hormonal system brought on by menopause and their potential links with RA. Females are more likely to develop RA as a result of hereditary and environmental interactions of sex hormones and their effects on the immune system. Rapid declines in ovarian function and systemic estrogen have been linked to postmenopausal increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The majority of the data from the literature review imply that female hormone characteristics that can be influenced by hereditary and environmental variables impact the development of autoimmune illnesses, including RA.
{"title":"Menopausal Transition and the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis An Overview","authors":"Athira Ramachandran, Uday Raj Sharma, Reddibathina Leela Haripriya, Simran Sulthana, Runashree Borah, Nageena Taj, Manjunatha P Mudagal","doi":"10.14429/dlsj.8.18335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.8.18335","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory illness caused by an accumulation of inflammatory infiltration in the synovial membrane, which leads to the progressive deterioration of joint architecture. Women are three times more likely than men to have RA, with more severe functional loss and disability. The purpose of this review is to study the shifts in the hormonal system brought on by menopause and their potential links with RA. Females are more likely to develop RA as a result of hereditary and environmental interactions of sex hormones and their effects on the immune system. Rapid declines in ovarian function and systemic estrogen have been linked to postmenopausal increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The majority of the data from the literature review imply that female hormone characteristics that can be influenced by hereditary and environmental variables impact the development of autoimmune illnesses, including RA.","PeriodicalId":36557,"journal":{"name":"Defence Life Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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