The global economy today is undergoing a regime shift today, although access to raw materials, cheap labour, energy sources and robust markets remain important components of competitive advantage, globalization and commoditization of production inputs coupled with their price volatility has shifted the long-term competitive advantage towards those that know how to innovate through new combinations. Intangible assets are being recognised for its economic viability and potential. While major emphasis has been on the use of Patents, Copyrights and Trade Secrets to derive economic benefits and competitive edge in the global market, the potential of Trademarks as an efficient tool to prosper economic growth has been limited to the micro-economic sphere. This paper argues that trademarks have an impact on the macro-economic impact, which needs to be explored. This paper analyses the use of Trademarks for the revival of Coffee industries in Ethiopia and Colombia and argues that a strong marketing strategy which builds upon the value transference of other IP assets has the ability to ensure macro-economic growth and help in revival and growth of many key industries. This paper has been divided into two parts, the first part showcases how distinctiveness can be created and how a trademark should be selected, the second part, illustrates how trademark driven strategies have allowed Ethiopia and Colombia to revive and grow their coffee industry, and finally the study proposes the use of similar strategies to revive Indian Industries.
{"title":"Trademarks As a Macro-economic Tool: An Analysis of the Ethiopia and Colombian Coffee Industry","authors":"Ivin George","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3449719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449719","url":null,"abstract":"The global economy today is undergoing a regime shift today, although access to raw materials, cheap labour, energy sources and robust markets remain important components of competitive advantage, globalization and commoditization of production inputs coupled with their price volatility has shifted the long-term competitive advantage towards those that know how to innovate through new combinations. Intangible assets are being recognised for its economic viability and potential. While major emphasis has been on the use of Patents, Copyrights and Trade Secrets to derive economic benefits and competitive edge in the global market, the potential of Trademarks as an efficient tool to prosper economic growth has been limited to the micro-economic sphere. This paper argues that trademarks have an impact on the macro-economic impact, which needs to be explored. This paper analyses the use of Trademarks for the revival of Coffee industries in Ethiopia and Colombia and argues that a strong marketing strategy which builds upon the value transference of other IP assets has the ability to ensure macro-economic growth and help in revival and growth of many key industries. This paper has been divided into two parts, the first part showcases how distinctiveness can be created and how a trademark should be selected, the second part, illustrates how trademark driven strategies have allowed Ethiopia and Colombia to revive and grow their coffee industry, and finally the study proposes the use of similar strategies to revive Indian Industries.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"144 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114091977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The WTO is at stake nowadays. Developing and developed countries are criticizing each other for breaking the basis of world trade. Developed countries criticize developing countries for seizing most of the fruits of world trade; while developed countries criticize developing countries for unequally implementing the WTO rules. One of the core issues in the argument is about special and differential (S&D) treatment under WTO rules. S&D treatment exists because of the unbalance reality of economic development. However, S&D treatment does not function well in reducing the unbalancing gap for lacking the comprehensive understanding towards development. It is considered because market access and knowledge diffusion are not emphasized as much as possible under WTO rules. Firstly, that S&D treatment is too vague to be applied is one of the reasons. The other reason is that the application of compulsory licensing and technical transfer is too limited, failing to diffuse the knowledge. Therefore, corresponding improvement can be made.
{"title":"The Failure of Special and Differential Treatment in International Trade: An Indication for Future WTO Rules","authors":"Jianzhi Jin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3445751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3445751","url":null,"abstract":"The WTO is at stake nowadays. Developing and developed countries are criticizing each other for breaking the basis of world trade. Developed countries criticize developing countries for seizing most of the fruits of world trade; while developed countries criticize developing countries for unequally implementing the WTO rules. One of the core issues in the argument is about special and differential (S&D) treatment under WTO rules. S&D treatment exists because of the unbalance reality of economic development. However, S&D treatment does not function well in reducing the unbalancing gap for lacking the comprehensive understanding towards development. It is considered because market access and knowledge diffusion are not emphasized as much as possible under WTO rules. Firstly, that S&D treatment is too vague to be applied is one of the reasons. The other reason is that the application of compulsory licensing and technical transfer is too limited, failing to diffuse the knowledge. Therefore, corresponding improvement can be made.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mónica López, Carlos Andrés Carlos Guarín Núñez, O. Medina, H. Zuleta
Las negociaciones de paz emprendidas por el Gobierno Nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia –Ejercito del Pueblo (FARC-EP), coincidieron con un repunte de las hectareas sembradas con coca en el pais. El repunte en el area cultivada puede estar explicado por la accion de grupos armados diferentes a las FARC que buscan controlar las zonas cocaleras abandonadas por las FARC o por los incentivos que genero el acuerdo de paz. El contenido del cuarto punto de los acuerdos hace referencia a la solucion del problema de las drogas e incluye programas de sustitucion de cultivos con beneficios para las familias que se acojan a dichos programas. Estos beneficios pueden haber operado como un incentivo perverso, estimulando la siembra de coca. A partir de un modelo de diferencias en diferencias para multiples periodos, de 2012 a 2017, controlando por las politicas estatales de control de oferta, se encontro que en municipios donde las FARC tuvieron presencia continua durante el periodo de negociacion, hubo un aumento de 604 hectareas en promedio por municipio para el 2016, y 1032 para 2017. En los anos 2013, 2014, 2015 no se observan diferencias significativas comparado con el ano base 2012.
{"title":"Proceso De Paz Con Las Farc Y Cultivos De Coca En El Período 2013-2017 (Peace Process with the FARC and Coca Crops in the Period 2013-2017)","authors":"Mónica López, Carlos Andrés Carlos Guarín Núñez, O. Medina, H. Zuleta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3449221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449221","url":null,"abstract":"Las negociaciones de paz emprendidas por el Gobierno Nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia –Ejercito del Pueblo (FARC-EP), coincidieron con un repunte de las hectareas sembradas con coca en el pais. El repunte en el area cultivada puede estar explicado por la accion de grupos armados diferentes a las FARC que buscan controlar las zonas cocaleras abandonadas por las FARC o por los incentivos que genero el acuerdo de paz. El contenido del cuarto punto de los acuerdos hace referencia a la solucion del problema de las drogas e incluye programas de sustitucion de cultivos con beneficios para las familias que se acojan a dichos programas. Estos beneficios pueden haber operado como un incentivo perverso, estimulando la siembra de coca. A partir de un modelo de diferencias en diferencias para multiples periodos, de 2012 a 2017, controlando por las politicas estatales de control de oferta, se encontro que en municipios donde las FARC tuvieron presencia continua durante el periodo de negociacion, hubo un aumento de 604 hectareas en promedio por municipio para el 2016, y 1032 para 2017. En los anos 2013, 2014, 2015 no se observan diferencias significativas comparado con el ano base 2012.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125091093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2007 Member States of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) unanimously adopted a set of 45 recommendations which constitute the WIPO Development Agenda. Developing countries sought to give new direction to WIPO through the Development Agenda, away from the pursuit of facilitating and strengthening protection, acquisition and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights as an end in itself towards an approach that would be sensitive to the impact of IP on development, both in terms of opportunities as well as costs. This paper explores whether development considerations have been adequately addressed by WIPO since its creation as the United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI) in the nineteenth century. The paper also analyses whether the implementation of the WIPO Development Agenda adopted in 2007 has shaped the current vision of the WIPO Secretariat and its Member States to address the impact of IP on development; and whether implementation of the Development Agenda has facilitated the use of IP law and policy as a tool that responds to advancing innovation, industrial, health, agricultural, education and other development policies in developing countries. The paper finds that the approach towards IP in WIPO continues to be dominated by a perspective that pursues acquisition, protection, management and enforcement of IP rights as an end in itself. Conflicting interpretations of development orientation have adversely impacted the implementation of the Development Agenda in the spirit in which the developing countries had proposed the Development Agenda. The paper recommends developing countries to undertake cross regional coordination to enhance their level of engagement on IP and development, advance specific suggestions for achieving greater impact on addressing development challenges through specific activities including projects in the areas of technical assistance as well as norm-setting, pursue governance reforms in WIPO to ensure greater representation of developing countries in the decision making bodies of WIPO and in the staff composition of the WIPO Secretariat, amend the WIPO Convention to align its mandate on IP promotion to the development needs and challenges of its Member States and the development goals of the United Nations (UN), and also pursue a review of the relationship between the UN and WIPO as a UN specialized agency in the UN Economic and Social Council.
{"title":"Mainstreaming or Dilution? Intellectual Property and Development in WIPO","authors":"N. Syam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3559643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3559643","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007 Member States of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) unanimously adopted a set of 45 recommendations which constitute the WIPO Development Agenda. Developing countries sought to give new direction to WIPO through the Development Agenda, away from the pursuit of facilitating and strengthening protection, acquisition and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights as an end in itself towards an approach that would be sensitive to the impact of IP on development, both in terms of opportunities as well as costs. This paper explores whether development considerations have been adequately addressed by WIPO since its creation as the United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI) in the nineteenth century. The paper also analyses whether the implementation of the WIPO Development Agenda adopted in 2007 has shaped the current vision of the WIPO Secretariat and its Member States to address the impact of IP on development; and whether implementation of the Development Agenda has facilitated the use of IP law and policy as a tool that responds to advancing innovation, industrial, health, agricultural, education and other development policies in developing countries. The paper finds that the approach towards IP in WIPO continues to be dominated by a perspective that pursues acquisition, protection, management and enforcement of IP rights as an end in itself. Conflicting interpretations of development orientation have adversely impacted the implementation of the Development Agenda in the spirit in which the developing countries had proposed the Development Agenda. The paper recommends developing countries to undertake cross regional coordination to enhance their level of engagement on IP and development, advance specific suggestions for achieving greater impact on addressing development challenges through specific activities including projects in the areas of technical assistance as well as norm-setting, pursue governance reforms in WIPO to ensure greater representation of developing countries in the decision making bodies of WIPO and in the staff composition of the WIPO Secretariat, amend the WIPO Convention to align its mandate on IP promotion to the development needs and challenges of its Member States and the development goals of the United Nations (UN), and also pursue a review of the relationship between the UN and WIPO as a UN specialized agency in the UN Economic and Social Council.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131341022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports a study on decision-making by borrowers regarding take-up of different loan types in a laboratory microfinance experiment setting. I hypothesize that when borrowers are offered a flexible choice of different loan types (here, individual liability (IL) and joint liability (JL)), then they are able to self-select their desirable loan and this could lead to higher overall take-up of loans. I find evidence that loan take-up rate is significantly higher when the choice-set becomes more flexible with additional provision of a second loan type. Further evidence shows that in a setting where moral hazard and free-riding can be eliminated, JL type is more popular among borrowers when both loans are available in the choice-set; this indicates that when borrowers can make sure that partners would not be able to cheat, then JL type could excel in take-up rate. On controlling for risk and selfishness, results suggest that highly risk-averse borrowers mostly stay away from any loan type and prefer safer and unprofitable outside income options. Less selfish borrowers show signs of higher inclination in taking up JL loan, compared to others. Investigating the interaction between discount rate and selfishness, I find that JL is either desirable by those who are selfish yet patient enough to reap the long run benefits of JL loan through its dynamic incentives that reduces the risk of repayment, or by those who are impatient but are less selfish. The results collectively imply that microloan types need to be customized according to the heterogeneous preferences of the borrowers; also, there needs to be enough flexibility in the offered choice-set for better self-selection.
{"title":"Take-Up of Joint and Individual Liability Loans: An Analysis With Laboratory Experiment","authors":"Susmita Baulia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3770539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3770539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study on decision-making by borrowers regarding take-up of different loan types in a laboratory microfinance experiment setting. I hypothesize that when borrowers are offered a flexible choice of different loan types (here, individual liability (IL) and joint liability (JL)), then they are able to self-select their desirable loan and this could lead to higher overall take-up of loans. I find evidence that loan take-up rate is significantly higher when the choice-set becomes more flexible with additional provision of a second loan type. Further evidence shows that in a setting where moral hazard and free-riding can be eliminated, JL type is more popular among borrowers when both loans are available in the choice-set; this indicates that when borrowers can make sure that partners would not be able to cheat, then JL type could excel in take-up rate. On controlling for risk and selfishness, results suggest that highly risk-averse borrowers mostly stay away from any loan type and prefer safer and unprofitable outside income options. Less selfish borrowers show signs of higher inclination in taking up JL loan, compared to others. Investigating the interaction between discount rate and selfishness, I find that JL is either desirable by those who are selfish yet patient enough to reap the long run benefits of JL loan through its dynamic incentives that reduces the risk of repayment, or by those who are impatient but are less selfish. The results collectively imply that microloan types need to be customized according to the heterogeneous preferences of the borrowers; also, there needs to be enough flexibility in the offered choice-set for better self-selection.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"431 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123269761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last two decades, Haryana has emerged as one of the most prosperous states of Indian federation. The State has transformed itself from a State known for its agricultural production to a well rounded development State. Haryana’s growth and development trajectory has been progressive since its inception. Service sector boom along with sizeable industrialization has propelled a vertical increase in state per capita income. The key drivers of fast service sector in Haryana are -its well-developed physical infrastructure such as power, roads and railways and social infrastructure like education and health, growing IT sector, several projects such as KMP Expressway, DMIC Project, international cargo airport and SEZ. The structural change in Haryana has been in tune with the growth pattern of Indian economy and global economy in terms of changing shares of sectoral output in the State domestic product. The state economy has experienced a rise in the share of service sector. Service sector growth became the main driver of the growth process of the economy of Haryana. An analysis of the growth pattern of Service sector and sub sectoral growth behavior pattern in terms of output shares is essential to understand the role of Service sector in the economy of Haryana. Service Sector refers to multitude of activities which comprise of activities like Trade, Repair Services, Transportation, Hospitality, Entertainment, Communication, Health, Education, Support and Advisory Services.The part A of the paper discusses the growth profile of service Sector along with its sub sectors. Part B analyses the contribution of Service sector to growth in Haryana.
{"title":"Growth of Service Sector in Haryana","authors":"Anita Moudgil","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3417906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3417906","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, Haryana has emerged as one of the most prosperous states of Indian federation. The State has transformed itself from a State known for its agricultural production to a well rounded development State. Haryana’s growth and development trajectory has been progressive since its inception. Service sector boom along with sizeable industrialization has propelled a vertical increase in state per capita income. The key drivers of fast service sector in Haryana are -its well-developed physical infrastructure such as power, roads and railways and social infrastructure like education and health, growing IT sector, several projects such as KMP Expressway, DMIC Project, international cargo airport and SEZ. The structural change in Haryana has been in tune with the growth pattern of Indian economy and global economy in terms of changing shares of sectoral output in the State domestic product. The state economy has experienced a rise in the share of service sector. Service sector growth became the main driver of the growth process of the economy of Haryana. An analysis of the growth pattern of Service sector and sub sectoral growth behavior pattern in terms of output shares is essential to understand the role of Service sector in the economy of Haryana. Service Sector refers to multitude of activities which comprise of activities like Trade, Repair Services, Transportation, Hospitality, Entertainment, Communication, Health, Education, Support and Advisory Services.The part A of the paper discusses the growth profile of service Sector along with its sub sectors. Part B analyses the contribution of Service sector to growth in Haryana.<br>","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123895743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is devoted to the research of solving the problems of innovative development and infrastructure of Kazakhstan. The article presents many examples of the development of innovation from foreign countries and a comparison with the current situation in Kazakhstan. The main problems in the development of innovative industry are identified and appropriate solutions and recommendations are proposed. In order to accelerate the slow development of economic growth in this area, the article raises the issues of attracting investment, the development of high-tech technologies, the elimination of technological backwardness, the development of the scientific sector, as well as issues of financing.
{"title":"Problems and Prospects of Infrastructure and Innovative Development of Kazakhstan","authors":"Z. Fazylova","doi":"10.31033/IJEMR.9.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/IJEMR.9.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the research of solving the problems of innovative development and infrastructure of Kazakhstan. The article presents many examples of the development of innovation from foreign countries and a comparison with the current situation in Kazakhstan. The main problems in the development of innovative industry are identified and appropriate solutions and recommendations are proposed. In order to accelerate the slow development of economic growth in this area, the article raises the issues of attracting investment, the development of high-tech technologies, the elimination of technological backwardness, the development of the scientific sector, as well as issues of financing.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study applies the structural time‐series modelling technique to investigate the relationship between aggregate oil consumption, income and prices across six regions of the world over the period 1970–2017. Following arguments in the energy economics literature on how to appropriately capture the impact of technical progress (TP) in modelling energy demand, this paper assumes a general model that incorporates asymmetric price responses (to capture endogenous TP) and an Underlying Energy Demand Trend (UEDT) (to capture exogenous TP and other factors) to estimate price and income elasticities for each region. These estimates are then used to produce future forecast scenarios of oil demand for each of the six world regions up to 2040 based on different assumptions about the future path of key variables that drive oil consumption. The results suggest that for the reference‐case scenario, global oil demand is projected to rise from 98 mb/d in 2017 to 118 mb/day in 2040 consisting of strong growth in the Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific regions while oil consumption in North America, South/Central America and Europe/Eurasia regions is projected decline.
{"title":"Modelling and Forecasting World Oil Demand: A Regional Analysis Accounting for Asymmetric Price Responses and Technical Progress","authors":"M. Suleiman","doi":"10.1111/opec.12147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opec.12147","url":null,"abstract":"This study applies the structural time‐series modelling technique to investigate the relationship between aggregate oil consumption, income and prices across six regions of the world over the period 1970–2017. Following arguments in the energy economics literature on how to appropriately capture the impact of technical progress (TP) in modelling energy demand, this paper assumes a general model that incorporates asymmetric price responses (to capture endogenous TP) and an Underlying Energy Demand Trend (UEDT) (to capture exogenous TP and other factors) to estimate price and income elasticities for each region. These estimates are then used to produce future forecast scenarios of oil demand for each of the six world regions up to 2040 based on different assumptions about the future path of key variables that drive oil consumption. The results suggest that for the reference‐case scenario, global oil demand is projected to rise from 98 mb/d in 2017 to 118 mb/day in 2040 consisting of strong growth in the Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific regions while oil consumption in North America, South/Central America and Europe/Eurasia regions is projected decline.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116221900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic development and infrastructure development go hand in hand and former is not possible in the absence of later. Infrastructure development has been on the top of agenda for government of India in general and government of Gujarat in particular. Critical infrastructure like railways, road, power and port are very important for development as these are the key sector leading and supporting the development of other industrial sector and also for human development. Socio Economic Review of Gujarat also emphasized on the fact that for inclusive growth better social and physical infrastructure is needed. Moreover, more finance to physical and social infrastructure is vital to raise living standards for all. Better infrastructure, transport and logistics services would facilitate manufacturing firms' access to global markets, particularly from remote and poorer regions. The Vision of Blueprint for Infrastructure in Gujarat (BIG 2020) aims to make Gujarat a globally preferred place to live in and do business through accelerated, balanced, inclusive and sustainable growth driven by robust social, industrial and physical infrastructure. In this context present paper is an attempt to evaluate infrastructure development in Gujarat. Objective of the study is to understand the trend in infrastructure development and identify the shortcoming if any. Focus of the study is on basic infrastructure like road, railway, power and port. Study also aims at presenting the status of Gujarat in terms of infrastructure development in India. Study is based on the secondary data published by government of Gujarat (Socio Economic Review) and government of India (Economic Survey). Data related to infrastructure development in the state of Gujarat will be analyzed with the help of time series analysis. Study will provide very good insight into the development model of Gujarat with special focus on infrastructure development. It will also provide important information to policy makers for infrastructure development.
{"title":"Critical Analysis of Infrastructure Development in Gujarat: A Cause of Concern","authors":"Dr Kishor Bhanushali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3394043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3394043","url":null,"abstract":"Economic development and infrastructure development go hand in hand and former is not possible in the absence of later. Infrastructure development has been on the top of agenda for government of India in general and government of Gujarat in particular. Critical infrastructure like railways, road, power and port are very important for development as these are the key sector leading and supporting the development of other industrial sector and also for human development. Socio Economic Review of Gujarat also emphasized on the fact that for inclusive growth better social and physical infrastructure is needed. Moreover, more finance to physical and social infrastructure is vital to raise living standards for all. Better infrastructure, transport and logistics services would facilitate manufacturing firms' access to global markets, particularly from remote and poorer regions. The Vision of Blueprint for Infrastructure in Gujarat (BIG 2020) aims to make Gujarat a globally preferred place to live in and do business through accelerated, balanced, inclusive and sustainable growth driven by robust social, industrial and physical infrastructure. In this context present paper is an attempt to evaluate infrastructure development in Gujarat. Objective of the study is to understand the trend in infrastructure development and identify the shortcoming if any. Focus of the study is on basic infrastructure like road, railway, power and port. Study also aims at presenting the status of Gujarat in terms of infrastructure development in India. Study is based on the secondary data published by government of Gujarat (Socio Economic Review) and government of India (Economic Survey). Data related to infrastructure development in the state of Gujarat will be analyzed with the help of time series analysis. Study will provide very good insight into the development model of Gujarat with special focus on infrastructure development. It will also provide important information to policy makers for infrastructure development.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As sustainability concerns advocate for a rapid deployment of circular economy, preserving and recovering the so-called ‘critical raw materials’ and minimising plastics waste, the European Commission issued an EU action plan for the Circular Economy in 2015 with two subsequent reports on its implementation. The focus of the action plan has been threefold: product design, facilitating durability of the products and waste management, while determining five priority areas of action and highlighting the need for financing the transition to a more circular economy. The latter has been seen as an accelerator for the deployment of circular economy, mentioned in the framework of creation of new circular business models and in the waste management framework. While it has been repeatedly highlighted that there is a need for extensive financing (an estimated EUR 320 billion by 2025) for a systemic transition to circular economy to come about (with estimated combined benefits of such shift of EUR 500 billion), the focus of the report has been on providing such finance in the current ‘business as usual’ framework, advocating for higher investment in such transition by the EU, without a comparative assessment of the current private financial market frameworks and their role in such transition. The present article critically assesses the action plan’s lack of focus on the access-to-finance as critical for the transition to a more circular economy outside of the public finance.
{"title":"A Critical Assessment of the EU Circular Economy Action Plan in the Light of the Access to Finance for Circular Economy Projects","authors":"L. Mélon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3716255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3716255","url":null,"abstract":"As sustainability concerns advocate for a rapid deployment of circular economy, preserving and recovering the so-called ‘critical raw materials’ and minimising plastics waste, the European Commission issued an EU action plan for the Circular Economy in 2015 with two subsequent reports on its implementation. The focus of the action plan has been threefold: product design, facilitating durability of the products and waste management, while determining five priority areas of action and highlighting the need for financing the transition to a more circular economy. The latter has been seen as an accelerator for the deployment of circular economy, mentioned in the framework of creation of new circular business models and in the waste management framework. While it has been repeatedly highlighted that there is a need for extensive financing (an estimated EUR 320 billion by 2025) for a systemic transition to circular economy to come about (with estimated combined benefits of such shift of EUR 500 billion), the focus of the report has been on providing such finance in the current ‘business as usual’ framework, advocating for higher investment in such transition by the EU, without a comparative assessment of the current private financial market frameworks and their role in such transition. The present article critically assesses the action plan’s lack of focus on the access-to-finance as critical for the transition to a more circular economy outside of the public finance.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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