Video blogging (vlogging), a type of short video that people produce by recording and editing their daily lives, has become an emerging form of digital cultural production on social media platforms in China. With the profound growth of video marketing on social platforms, brands have increasingly leveraged vloggers to promote female-targeted products. This phenomenon becomes especially paradoxical when marketers bring the narrative of female empowerment into the discourse. This case study employed textual analysis to understand how Chinese viewers make sense of Bobbi Brown’s ‘The Big Women’ vlog endorsed by the female vlogger Zhuzi on Weibo. A typology of viewers’ response was generated: (1) reciprocity of self-disclosure; (2) perceived interconnectedness with the vlogger; and (3) perceived women empowerment and advertisement effectiveness. The findings of this paper articulate a symbolic form of relationship between content creators, brands, and consumers that promote women empowerment. This study argues, however, that this perception of women empowerment may obscure the implicit consumerism embedded in the femvertising contents, while promoting the myth of self-empowerment through consumption. The findings of the study shed light on the rise of (pseudo-)feminism ethos constructed by the consumer market in contemporary China and beyond.
{"title":"'The Big Women:' A Textual Analysis of Chinese Viewers’ Perception towards Femvertising Vlogs","authors":"Xu Duan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3623655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3623655","url":null,"abstract":"Video blogging (vlogging), a type of short video that people produce by recording and editing their daily lives, has become an emerging form of digital cultural production on social media platforms in China. With the profound growth of video marketing on social platforms, brands have increasingly leveraged vloggers to promote female-targeted products. This phenomenon becomes especially paradoxical when marketers bring the narrative of female empowerment into the discourse. This case study employed textual analysis to understand how Chinese viewers make sense of Bobbi Brown’s ‘The Big Women’ vlog endorsed by the female vlogger Zhuzi on Weibo. A typology of viewers’ response was generated: \u0000 \u0000(1) reciprocity of self-disclosure; \u0000 \u0000(2) perceived interconnectedness with the vlogger; and \u0000 \u0000(3) perceived women empowerment and advertisement effectiveness. \u0000 \u0000The findings of this paper articulate a symbolic form of relationship between content creators, brands, and consumers that promote women empowerment. This study argues, however, that this perception of women empowerment may obscure the implicit consumerism embedded in the femvertising contents, while promoting the myth of self-empowerment through consumption. The findings of the study shed light on the rise of (pseudo-)feminism ethos constructed by the consumer market in contemporary China and beyond.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129203942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Zetzsche, D. Arner, Ross P. Buckley, Attila Kaiser-Yücel
Finance has been transformed by digitalization and datafication over the past five decades. The latest wave of technology in finance (Fintech) is re-shaping the sector at an unprecedented pace. This digital financial transformation brings about structural changes, with positive and negative effects, likely even more in the high-potential markets of the Middle East and North Africa. Fintech can stimulate competition and product variety with positive outcomes for societies and economies. The fundamental changes taking place in the financial system, however, call for the design of adequate approaches to Fintech innovation. An ecosystem is required that allows innovation balanced with financial inclusion, financial stability, market integrity and consumer protection. This toolkit presents novel regulatory and market approaches policymakers, regulators, and development professionals can adopt to enable safe Fintech innovation. Regulatory frameworks will determine the future of Fintech. Following principles from global good practice (mainly activity-based, proportional, and technology-neutral regulation), regulatory approaches in sequenced stages help to create pathways for innovative Fintech firms. First, regulators ought to identify and modernize unsuitable regulation based on a regulatory impact assessment that determines whether legacy rules remain useful. Second, proportional regulation, reflected in provisions for market stability and integrity depending on the extent of risks underlying the regulated activity, create supportive pathways for new, particularly inclusive non-bank financial services. Third, an Innovation Hub with experts of the regulatory authority is best suited to guide Fintech firms through the regulatory maze, yield valuable insights into market innovations, and assess possibilities of dispensation. Fourth, testing and piloting regimes allow to apply leniency in a wait-and-see or test-and-learn approach to assist innovative firms. Authorities can further decide to tolerate innovations by licensed institutions and possibly by start-ups by extending on a case-by-case basis waivers or no-action-letters which declare certain activities as permissible or suspend certain rules. Fifth, a regulatory sandbox, which standardizes the scope of testing and piloting, allows regulators to create a tightly defined safe space for granting dispensation from specific regulatory requirements for innovative firms that qualify. Sixth, restricted licences allow feasible innovative firms to further develop their client base and financial and operational resources in a controlled manner. Seventh, a full licence is essential for innovative firms as size requires and permits. Over these stages, as regulatory rigour and costs increase so tend to do Fintech firms’ maturity and ability to cope with risks and compliance, while maintaining a level playing field for licensed entities. Demand and supply side
{"title":"Fintech Toolkit: Smart Regulatory and Market Approaches to Financial Technology Innovation","authors":"D. Zetzsche, D. Arner, Ross P. Buckley, Attila Kaiser-Yücel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3598142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3598142","url":null,"abstract":"Finance has been transformed by digitalization and datafication over the past five decades. The latest wave of technology in finance (Fintech) is re-shaping the sector at an unprecedented pace. This digital financial transformation brings about structural changes, with positive and negative effects, likely even more in the high-potential markets of the Middle East and North Africa. Fintech can stimulate competition and product variety with positive outcomes for societies and economies. The fundamental changes taking place in the financial system, however, call for the design of adequate approaches to Fintech innovation. An ecosystem is required that allows innovation balanced with financial inclusion, financial stability, market integrity and consumer protection. This toolkit presents novel regulatory and market approaches policymakers, regulators, and development professionals can adopt to enable safe Fintech innovation. Regulatory frameworks will determine the future of Fintech. Following principles from global good practice (mainly activity-based, proportional, and technology-neutral regulation), regulatory approaches in sequenced stages help to create pathways for innovative Fintech firms. First, regulators ought to identify and modernize unsuitable regulation based on a regulatory impact assessment that determines whether legacy rules remain useful. Second, proportional regulation, reflected in provisions for market stability and integrity depending on the extent of risks underlying the regulated activity, create supportive pathways for new, particularly inclusive non-bank financial services. Third, an Innovation Hub with experts of the regulatory authority is best suited to guide Fintech firms through the regulatory maze, yield valuable insights into market innovations, and assess possibilities of dispensation. Fourth, testing and piloting regimes allow to apply leniency in a wait-and-see or test-and-learn approach to assist innovative firms. Authorities can further decide to tolerate innovations by licensed institutions and possibly by start-ups by extending on a case-by-case basis waivers or no-action-letters which declare certain activities as permissible or suspend certain rules. Fifth, a regulatory sandbox, which standardizes the scope of testing and piloting, allows regulators to create a tightly defined safe space for granting dispensation from specific regulatory requirements for innovative firms that qualify. Sixth, restricted licences allow feasible innovative firms to further develop their client base and financial and operational resources in a controlled manner. Seventh, a full licence is essential for innovative firms as size requires and permits. Over these stages, as regulatory rigour and costs increase so tend to do Fintech firms’ maturity and ability to cope with risks and compliance, while maintaining a level playing field for licensed entities. Demand and supply side","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130041246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19, the novel coronavirus pandemic, placed the U.S. economy (and capitalism) on a ventilator. A new recently published study has revealed that close to 90% of patients who needed ventilators to breathe did not make it. Of course this is a metaphoric inference, but valuable lessons provided by coronavirus crisis should not be ignored as the previous signs were in the past. The Fed must realize that “creating money out of thin air” (i.e. credit expansion) is nothing but “"legalized counterfeiting" which will only foster even greater pandemics and financial crises in the near future. Since the Fed was created in 1913, financial and economic crises have become more damaging, longer lasting, and costlier. Every time a high-magnitude crisis strikes (financial, economic, or pandemic), to calm people and restore confidence, governments of advance nations and their high profile central banks (Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Bank of Japan, and Bank of England) rush to enact unprecedented economic relief/stimulus packages which got larger and larger over the years but sources of systemic crises have remained unresolved since the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression. In today’s economy, $5 trillion or $10 trillion virus relief package is mindboggling, but will it be enough to prevent a looming recession? A better question to ask is, will the Fed’s infinite money creation out of thin air send American capitalism on a ventilator to the burial ground? In the near future (by 2050), global warming induced climate changes and the resultant catastrophes will make the coronavirus pandemic trivial. Unfortunately, one thing that never changes, in the long-run great financial crises and pandemics kill deprived people in developing and poorest countries.
{"title":"COVID-19: Is the Great Outbreak a Sign of What the Future Has Stowed for the Human Race?","authors":"John Taskinsoy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3597434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3597434","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, the novel coronavirus pandemic, placed the U.S. economy (and capitalism) on a ventilator. A new recently published study has revealed that close to 90% of patients who needed ventilators to breathe did not make it. Of course this is a metaphoric inference, but valuable lessons provided by coronavirus crisis should not be ignored as the previous signs were in the past. The Fed must realize that “creating money out of thin air” (i.e. credit expansion) is nothing but “\"legalized counterfeiting\" which will only foster even greater pandemics and financial crises in the near future. Since the Fed was created in 1913, financial and economic crises have become more damaging, longer lasting, and costlier. Every time a high-magnitude crisis strikes (financial, economic, or pandemic), to calm people and restore confidence, governments of advance nations and their high profile central banks (Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Bank of Japan, and Bank of England) rush to enact unprecedented economic relief/stimulus packages which got larger and larger over the years but sources of systemic crises have remained unresolved since the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression. In today’s economy, $5 trillion or $10 trillion virus relief package is mindboggling, but will it be enough to prevent a looming recession? A better question to ask is, will the Fed’s infinite money creation out of thin air send American capitalism on a ventilator to the burial ground? In the near future (by 2050), global warming induced climate changes and the resultant catastrophes will make the coronavirus pandemic trivial. Unfortunately, one thing that never changes, in the long-run great financial crises and pandemics kill deprived people in developing and poorest countries.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As per a vision 2030 report published by the PNGRB, a stage-wise development of nationwide Natural Gas (NG) distribution infrastructure has been planned for next two decades. Region-wise demand projections for each year are predicted and commensurate supply projections are also planned. New capacity is planned to be built in regions not covered so far along with capacity enhancement in existing infrastructure. We propose a multi-objective optimization model to aid in planning capacity development in the national distribution infrastructure at a strategic level. The aim of the model is to investigate scenarios having varying trade-offs between minimizing expansion cost and minimizing the gap between demand and supply.
{"title":"Long Term Capacity Planning of Natural Gas Distribution in India","authors":"Saurabh Chandra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3596270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596270","url":null,"abstract":"As per a vision 2030 report published by the PNGRB, a stage-wise development of nationwide Natural Gas (NG) distribution infrastructure has been planned for next two decades. Region-wise demand projections for each year are predicted and commensurate supply projections are also planned. New capacity is planned to be built in regions not covered so far along with capacity enhancement in existing infrastructure. We propose a multi-objective optimization model to aid in planning capacity development in the national distribution infrastructure at a strategic level. The aim of the model is to investigate scenarios having varying trade-offs between minimizing expansion cost and minimizing the gap between demand and supply.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129374682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The City of Palma, in Mallorca, represents one of the main destinations in the Spanish Mediterranean, so new spaces are incorporated to allow for tourist expansion. Such is the case of the old El Molinar neighborhood, which has undergone severe urban reconversion processes to create territories dedicated to consumption. The objective of this article is to account for the gradual process of reconfiguration of space, deepening the socio-spatial manifestations and the attempts to remodel its seaport. As a methodological theoretical reference, the Production of Space by Henri Lefebvre was used. It is concluded that the production of tourist space in El Molinar has triggered various alterations in the social fabric and in the urban structure of the neighborhood, product of a State-capital duality to incorporate it into the global tourism market as an elitist consumption space.
{"title":"La producción del espacio turístico en El Molinar de Levante (Mallorca) (The Production of Tourist Space in El Molinar De Levante (Mallorca))","authors":"Alma Ivonne Marín Marín, Macià Blázquez Salom, Mariel Verónica Massé Magaña, Valeria Reyes Canseco, Lilia Zizumbo Villarreal","doi":"10.18601/01207555.n27.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n27.01","url":null,"abstract":"The City of Palma, in Mallorca, represents one of the main destinations in the Spanish Mediterranean, so new spaces are incorporated to allow for tourist expansion. Such is the case of the old El Molinar neighborhood, which has undergone severe urban reconversion processes to create territories dedicated to consumption. The objective of this article is to account for the gradual process of reconfiguration of space, deepening the socio-spatial manifestations and the attempts to remodel its seaport. As a methodological theoretical reference, the Production of Space by Henri Lefebvre was used. It is concluded that the production of tourist space in El Molinar has triggered various alterations in the social fabric and in the urban structure of the neighborhood, product of a State-capital duality to incorporate it into the global tourism market as an elitist consumption space.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the world falls into crisis mode, it becomes the time to make policy decisions that steer the course of a nation and push it across to the other side. During the Ukraine Conflict, many countries swooped in as the saving grace to Ukraine against the militaristic actions taken by the Russian Federation. This event study demonstrates the changes in the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty do occur during this window of time. However, these returns are not far enough from their mean to conclusively deem them as abnormal changes caused by this geopolitical crisis.
{"title":"Uncertainty Amongst a Geopolitical Crisis: An Event Study of the Ukraine Conflict","authors":"Chris Centrella","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3612960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3612960","url":null,"abstract":"As the world falls into crisis mode, it becomes the time to make policy decisions that steer the course of a nation and push it across to the other side. During the Ukraine Conflict, many countries swooped in as the saving grace to Ukraine against the militaristic actions taken by the Russian Federation. This event study demonstrates the changes in the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty do occur during this window of time. However, these returns are not far enough from their mean to conclusively deem them as abnormal changes caused by this geopolitical crisis. <br>","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130629610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1108/cms-11-2018-0736
V. Miller, Su Qi, L. A. Perez-Batres, Michael J. Pisani
This paper aims to provide a more inclusive perspective on corporate greenwashing. Major ideas from impression management and transaction cost theory (TCT) helped in evaluating the likelihood of greenwashing within the Chinese context.,The sample consists of 184 Chinese public companies – 104 participating and 80 not participating in China’s green watch (GW) program. Using logistic regression, the analysis illustrates the importance of impression management and TCT as indicators of GW participation.,GW participation reduced the likelihood of GW firms joining substantive codes of conduct outside the GW program, indicating an important role of impression management and power relationships; a higher level of firm risk is associated with greater GW participation, signaling a higher level of risk tolerance; and higher levels of asset intensity increase the likelihood of GW participation, indicating a TCT connection.,These findings present a strong case for going beyond greenwashing and further exploring the organizations’ multiple motives for sustainability. They “force” the authors to study impression management and greenwashing from a more “human” perspective.,Besides establishing sustainability legitimacy, substantive codes of conduct enhance a firm’s ability to attract capital – impression management behavior falls within the rules of the game to achieve legitimacy and competitive advantage.,This paper provides a complementary explanation for firms engaging in sustainability acts, beyond that offered by the greenwashing concept. It is demonstrated that firms do not necessarily desire to deceive others, but to realistically impress and influence them, most likely in pursuit of corporate objectives.
{"title":"China’s Green Watch Program: Beyond Greenwashing","authors":"V. Miller, Su Qi, L. A. Perez-Batres, Michael J. Pisani","doi":"10.1108/cms-11-2018-0736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-11-2018-0736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide a more inclusive perspective on corporate greenwashing. Major ideas from impression management and transaction cost theory (TCT) helped in evaluating the likelihood of greenwashing within the Chinese context.,The sample consists of 184 Chinese public companies – 104 participating and 80 not participating in China’s green watch (GW) program. Using logistic regression, the analysis illustrates the importance of impression management and TCT as indicators of GW participation.,GW participation reduced the likelihood of GW firms joining substantive codes of conduct outside the GW program, indicating an important role of impression management and power relationships; a higher level of firm risk is associated with greater GW participation, signaling a higher level of risk tolerance; and higher levels of asset intensity increase the likelihood of GW participation, indicating a TCT connection.,These findings present a strong case for going beyond greenwashing and further exploring the organizations’ multiple motives for sustainability. They “force” the authors to study impression management and greenwashing from a more “human” perspective.,Besides establishing sustainability legitimacy, substantive codes of conduct enhance a firm’s ability to attract capital – impression management behavior falls within the rules of the game to achieve legitimacy and competitive advantage.,This paper provides a complementary explanation for firms engaging in sustainability acts, beyond that offered by the greenwashing concept. It is demonstrated that firms do not necessarily desire to deceive others, but to realistically impress and influence them, most likely in pursuit of corporate objectives.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Carlsson, M. Kataria, A. Krupnick, Elina Lampi, Åsa Löfgren, Ping Qin, T. Sterner, Xiaojun Yang
We examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed over the past decade in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in climate attitudes and preferences within countries, particularly the United States. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.
{"title":"The Climate Decade: Changing Attitudes on Three Continents","authors":"F. Carlsson, M. Kataria, A. Krupnick, Elina Lampi, Åsa Löfgren, Ping Qin, T. Sterner, Xiaojun Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3739300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3739300","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed over the past decade in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in climate attitudes and preferences within countries, particularly the United States. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"49 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131450139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the paradox that the path of realized global warming by a given year is linear in cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide even though the corresponding eventual equilibrium warming is only logarithmic in atmospheric concentration. It then provides parameters for this linear relationship using the high-emissions scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. These estimates constitute a transparent reduced-form climate model that can be useful for analyzing the economic costs and benefits of alternative abatement scenarios.
{"title":"Transient Climate Response to Cumulative Emissions (TCRE) As A Reduced-form Climate Model","authors":"W. Cline","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3778889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3778889","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the paradox that the path of realized global warming by a given year is linear in cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide even though the corresponding eventual equilibrium warming is only logarithmic in atmospheric concentration. It then provides parameters for this linear relationship using the high-emissions scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. These estimates constitute a transparent reduced-form climate model that can be useful for analyzing the economic costs and benefits of alternative abatement scenarios.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131599680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-23DOI: 10.1093/ACREFORE/9780199389414.013.572
Ruda Zhang, Patrick C. Wingo, R. Duran, K. Rose, Jennifer R. Bauer, R. Ghanem
Economic assessment in environmental science concerns the measurement or valuation of environmental impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Integrated assessment modeling is a unifying framework of environmental economics, which attempts to combine key elements of physical, ecological, and socioeconomic systems. Uncertainty characterization in integrated assessment varies by component models: uncertainties associated with mechanistic physical models are often assessed with an ensemble of simulations or Monte Carlo sampling, while uncertainties associated with impact models are evaluated by conjecture or econometric analysis. Manifold sampling is a machine learning technique that constructs a joint probability model of all relevant variables which may be concentrated on a low-dimensional geometric structure. Compared with traditional density estimation methods, manifold sampling is more efficient especially when the data is generated by a few latent variables. The manifold-constrained joint probability model helps answer policy-making questions from prediction, to response, and prevention. Manifold sampling is applied to assess risk of offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.
{"title":"Environmental Economics and Uncertainty: Review and a Machine Learning Outlook","authors":"Ruda Zhang, Patrick C. Wingo, R. Duran, K. Rose, Jennifer R. Bauer, R. Ghanem","doi":"10.1093/ACREFORE/9780199389414.013.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACREFORE/9780199389414.013.572","url":null,"abstract":"Economic assessment in environmental science concerns the measurement or valuation of environmental impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Integrated assessment modeling is a unifying framework of environmental economics, which attempts to combine key elements of physical, ecological, and socioeconomic systems. Uncertainty characterization in integrated assessment varies by component models: uncertainties associated with mechanistic physical models are often assessed with an ensemble of simulations or Monte Carlo sampling, while uncertainties associated with impact models are evaluated by conjecture or econometric analysis. Manifold sampling is a machine learning technique that constructs a joint probability model of all relevant variables which may be concentrated on a low-dimensional geometric structure. Compared with traditional density estimation methods, manifold sampling is more efficient especially when the data is generated by a few latent variables. The manifold-constrained joint probability model helps answer policy-making questions from prediction, to response, and prevention. Manifold sampling is applied to assess risk of offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":365767,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability & Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116304270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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