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2010 IEEE 16th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems最新文献

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Multi-mapping Meshes: A New Communicating Fabric for Networks-on-Chip 多映射网格:一种新的片上网络通信结构
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.23
Xinyu Wang, D. Xiang
Traditional mesh is a popular interconnection architecture for Networks-on-Chip (NoCs). However, with the trend towards larger number of cores in chip multiprocessors, it is unable to stand the fast-growing diameter and average distance in meshes. Recently, concentration and express channels are two countermeasures for that. In this paper, a new scheme called multi-mapping is proposed, which allows one processing element (PE) to be connected to multiple routers, and vice versa. By properly establishing the mapping relationships between PE and router, both diameter and average distance of the network are lowered while the interconnections between routers are not altered. To provide efficient and in-order communication in NoCs, we develop the X¡Y routing scheme with wormhole-switching technique used in multi-mapping meshes. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of our method by comparing with traditional meshes and mesh-based express cubes under different traffic patterns.
传统网格是一种流行的片上网络互连架构。然而,随着芯片多处理器核数越来越大的趋势,它已经无法承受网格直径和平均距离的快速增长。目前,集中化和快速通道是解决这一问题的两种对策。本文提出了一种新的多映射方案,该方案允许一个处理单元(PE)连接到多个路由器,反之亦然。通过合理地建立PE与路由器之间的映射关系,在不改变路由器之间互连的前提下,降低了网络的直径和平均距离。为了在noc中提供高效有序的通信,我们开发了在多映射网格中使用虫孔交换技术的X × Y路由方案。通过与传统网格和基于网格的快速立方体在不同交通模式下的对比,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
A Taxonomy of Autonomic Application Management in Grids 网格中自主应用管理的分类
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.89
Mustafizur Rahman, R. Ranjan, R. Buyya
In this paper, we propose a taxonomy that characterizes and classifies different components of autonomic application management in Grids. We also survey several representative Grid systems developed by various projects world-wide to demonstrate the comprehensiveness of the taxonomy. The taxonomy not only highlights the similarities and differences of state-of-the-art technologies utilized in autonomic application management from the perspective of Grid computing, but also identifies the areas that require further research initiatives.
在本文中,我们提出了一种分类法,对网格中自主应用管理的不同组件进行表征和分类。我们还考察了世界各地各种项目开发的几个有代表性的网格系统,以演示该分类法的全面性。该分类法不仅从网格计算的角度强调了自主应用程序管理中使用的最新技术的异同,而且还确定了需要进一步研究的领域。
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引用次数: 6
Nexus: Speculative Execution for Event-Driven Networking Programs Nexus:事件驱动网络程序的推测执行
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.113
Huiba Li, Xicheng Lu, Yuxing Peng
The efficiency of communication is a key factor to the performance of networking applications, and concurrent communication is an important approach to the efficiency of communication. However, many concurrency opportunities are very difficult to exploit because they depend on some undeterministic conditions. If these conditions are highly predictable, speculative execution can be a very effective approach to cope with the uncertainties. Existing researches on speculation seldom target at networking systems, and none of them can handle the event-driven model that is very popular in such systems. In this paper, we propose Nexus, a novel speculation scheme that supports event-driven networking applications. Nexus analyzes the dependence relationship of events, and performs speculation according to the duality of events and threads. Evaluation on a prototype implementation of nexus shows that this approach can significantly reduces the time needed to complete an event-driven program.
通信效率是影响网络应用性能的关键因素,而并行通信是提高通信效率的重要途径。然而,许多并发机会很难利用,因为它们依赖于一些不确定的条件。如果这些条件是高度可预测的,投机执行可以是一个非常有效的方法来应对不确定性。现有的投机研究很少针对网络系统,也没有一个研究能够处理网络系统中非常流行的事件驱动模型。在本文中,我们提出了Nexus,一个新的推测方案,支持事件驱动的网络应用。Nexus分析事件之间的依赖关系,并根据事件和线程的二元性进行推测。对nexus原型实现的评估表明,这种方法可以显著减少完成事件驱动程序所需的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-task Downloading for P2P-VoD: An Empirical Perspective P2P-VoD的多任务下载:一个实证视角
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.11
Tieying Zhang, Zhenhua Li, Xueqi Cheng, Xianghui Sun
For current P2P-VoD systems, three fundamental problems exit in user experience: exceedingly large startup delay, long jump latency, and poor playback continuity. These problems primarily stem from lack of media data. In this paper, we propose Multi-Task Downloading with Bandwidth Control (MTD(BC)), an efficient and practical mechanism to prefetch media data. In MTD, a user can download multiple videos in parallel with its current viewing, which significantly decreases video switching delays. However, MTD brings a serious problem: downloading "other" tasks could impede the playback performance of the current viewing, especially in low-bandwidth network. This problem is solved through our design of bandwidth control. To our knowledge, we are the first to propose MTD with bandwidth control for P2P-VoD and conduct empirical evaluations in the real-world system. The running results show that MTD(BC) achieves better streaming quality than the traditional method. In particular, our mechanism reduces 75% of startup delay and 36% of jump latency in low-bandwidth network with high system scalability.
目前的P2P-VoD系统在用户体验上存在三个根本性的问题:启动延迟过大、跳转延迟过长、播放连续性差。这些问题主要源于缺乏媒体数据。本文提出了一种基于带宽控制的多任务下载技术(MTD(BC)),这是一种高效实用的媒体数据预取机制。在MTD中,用户可以在当前观看的同时下载多个视频,这大大减少了视频切换延迟。然而,MTD带来了一个严重的问题:下载“其他”任务可能会影响当前观看的播放性能,特别是在低带宽网络中。通过带宽控制的设计,解决了这一问题。据我们所知,我们首次提出了带带宽控制的P2P-VoD MTD,并在实际系统中进行了实证评估。运行结果表明,MTD(BC)比传统方法获得了更好的流质量。特别是,我们的机制在具有高系统可扩展性的低带宽网络中减少了75%的启动延迟和36%的跳转延迟。
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引用次数: 5
An Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme with Self-Organized ID Assignment for Wireless Sensor Networks 基于自组织ID分配的无线传感器网络节能聚类方案
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.83
Qingchao Zheng, Zhixin Liu, Liang Xue, Yusong Tan, Dan Chen, X. Guan
In wireless sensor networks, how to efficiently use the energy of the nodes while assigning global unique ID to each node is a challenging problem. By analyzing the communication cost of the clustering and topological features of a sensor network, we present a distributed scheme of Energy Efficient Clustering with Self-organized ID Assignment (EECSIA). In the context of EECSIA, a network first selects the nodes in the high-density areas as cluster heads, and then assigns an unique ID to each node based on local information. In addition, EECSIA periodically updates cluster heads according to the nodes' residual energy and density. The method is independent of time synchronization, and it does not rely on the nodes' geographic locations either. Simulation results show that the scheme performs well in terms of cluster scale, and number of nodes alive over rounds.
在无线传感器网络中,如何有效地利用节点能量,同时为每个节点分配全局唯一ID是一个具有挑战性的问题。通过分析聚类的通信代价和传感器网络的拓扑特征,提出了一种基于自组织ID分配的分布式节能聚类方案。在EECSIA中,网络首先选择高密度区域中的节点作为簇头,然后根据本地信息为每个节点分配唯一的ID。此外,EECSIA根据节点的剩余能量和密度定期更新簇头。该方法不依赖于时间同步,也不依赖于节点的地理位置。仿真结果表明,该方案在集群规模和轮活节点数方面表现良好。
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引用次数: 12
Fault Tolerant Network Routing through Software Overlays for Intelligent Power Grids 基于软件覆盖的智能电网容错网络路由
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.47
Christopher Zimmer, F. Mueller
Control decisions of intelligent devices in critical infrastructure can have a significant impact on human life and the environment. Ensuring that the appropriate data is available is crucial for making informed decisions. Such considerations are becoming increasingly important in today's cyber-physical systems that combine computational decision making on the cyber side with physical control on the device side. The job of ensuring the timely arrival of data falls onto the network that connects these intelligent devices. This network needs to be fault tolerant. When nodes, devices or communication links fail along a default route of a message from A to B, the underlying hardware and software layers should ensure that this message will actually be delivered as long as alternative routes exist. Existence and discovery of multi-route pathways is essential in ensuring delivery of critical data. In this work, we present methods of developing network topologies of smart devices that will enable multi-route discovery in an intelligent power grid. This will be accomplished through the utilization of software overlays that (1) maintain a digital structure for the physical network and (2) identify new routes in the case of faults.
关键基础设施中智能设备的控制决策会对人类生活和环境产生重大影响。确保获得适当的数据对于做出明智的决定至关重要。这些考虑在当今的网络物理系统中变得越来越重要,这些系统将网络端的计算决策与设备端的物理控制相结合。确保数据及时到达的工作落在了连接这些智能设备的网络上。该网络需要具备容错能力。当节点、设备或通信链路沿着消息从a到B的默认路由发生故障时,底层硬件和软件层应该确保只要存在替代路由,该消息就会实际传递。多路径路径的存在和发现对于确保关键数据的传递至关重要。在这项工作中,我们提出了开发智能设备网络拓扑的方法,这些网络拓扑将使智能电网中的多路由发现成为可能。这将通过软件覆盖(1)维护物理网络的数字结构和(2)在故障情况下识别新路由来实现。
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引用次数: 11
A Distributed Workflow Mapping Algorithm for Minimum End-to-End Delay under Fault-Tolerance Constraint 容错约束下最小端到端延迟的分布式工作流映射算法
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.38
C. Wu, Yi Gu
Many large-scale scientific applications feature distributed computing workflows of complex structures that must be executed and transferred in shared wide-area networks consisting of unreliable nodes and links. Mapping these computing workflows in such faulty network environments for optimal latency while ensuring certain fault tolerance is crucial to the success of eScience that requires both performance and reliability. We construct analytical cost models and formulate workflow mapping as an optimization problem under failure rate constraint. We propose a distributed heuristic mapping solution based on recursive critical path to achieve minimum end-to-end delay and satisfy a pre-specified overall failure rate for a guaranteed level of fault tolerance. The performance superiority of the proposed mapping solution is illustrated by extensive simulation-based comparisons with existing mapping algorithms.
许多大型科学应用具有复杂结构的分布式计算工作流,必须在由不可靠节点和链路组成的共享广域网络中执行和传输。在这种故障网络环境中映射这些计算工作流,以获得最佳延迟,同时确保一定的容错能力,这对eScience的成功至关重要,因为eScience对性能和可靠性都有要求。建立了分析成本模型,并将工作流映射作为失效率约束下的优化问题。我们提出了一种基于递归关键路径的分布式启发式映射解决方案,以实现最小的端到端延迟,并满足预先指定的总体故障率,以保证容错水平。通过与现有映射算法的大量仿真比较,证明了所提出的映射解决方案的性能优越性。
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引用次数: 4
Enhanced Privilege Separation for Commodity Software on Virtualized Platform 虚拟化平台上商品软件的增强权限分离
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.96
Mingyuan Xia, Miao Yu, Qian Lin, Zhengwei Qi, Haibing Guan
Conventional privilege separation can effectively reduce the TCB size by granting privilege to only the privileged compartments. However, since they this approach relies on process isolation to ensure security assurance, malware exploiting against kernel components can easily compromise. Meanwhile, the frequent inter-process communications between separated processes inevitably incur notable overhead. To ameliorate these problems, we propose to perform privilege separation without partitioning application into two processes. Instead, we leverage virtualization to enforce the isolation of sensitive portions from other untrusted code. The virtual machine monitor intercepts all the code context switches transparently without requiring the application to explicitly use IPC as privilege context transition. We have implemented a prototype of our system, named Coir, based on commodity hyper visor Xen. Evaluation of our prototype includes a real-world remote control application, which is partitioned and protected in oir-enabled hyper visor on unmodified Windows XP. We discuss the isolation strength as well as the performance penalty of our system based on the practical case.
传统的特权分离可以通过只向特权区授予特权来有效地减小TCB大小。然而,由于这种方法依赖于进程隔离来确保安全保障,因此利用内核组件的恶意软件很容易受到危害。同时,分离进程之间频繁的进程间通信不可避免地会带来显著的开销。为了改善这些问题,我们建议在不将应用程序划分为两个进程的情况下执行特权分离。相反,我们利用虚拟化将敏感部分与其他不受信任的代码隔离开来。虚拟机监视器透明地拦截所有代码上下文切换,而不需要应用程序显式地使用IPC作为特权上下文转换。我们已经实现了一个系统的原型,名为Coir,基于商品超级遮阳板Xen。我们的原型评估包括一个真实世界的远程控制应用程序,它在未修改的Windows XP上被分区和保护在启用了oir的hyper visor中。结合实际案例,讨论了系统的隔离强度和性能损失。
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引用次数: 2
TRIP: Temporal Redundancy Integrated Performance Booster for Parity-Based RAID Storage Systems 基于奇偶校验的RAID存储系统的时间冗余集成性能增强器
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.49
Chao Jin, D. Feng, Hong Jiang, Lei Tian, Jingning Liu, Xiongzi Ge
Parity redundancy is widely employed in RAID-structured storage systems to protect against disk failures. However, the small-write problem has been a persistent root cause of the performance bottleneck of such parity-based RAID systems, due to the additional parity update overhead upon each write operation. In this paper, we propose a novel RAID architecture, TRIP, based on the conventional parity-based RAID systems. TRIP alleviates the small-write problem by integrating and exploiting the temporal redundancy (i.e., snapshots and logs) that commonly exists in storage systems to protect data from soft errors while boosting write performance. During the write-intensive periods, TRIP can reduce the penalty of each small-write request to as few as one device IO operation, at a minimal cost of maintaining the temporal redundant information. Reliability analysis, in terms of Mean Time to Data Loss (MTTDL), shows that the reliability of TRIP is only marginally affected. On the other hand, our prototype implementation and performance evaluation demonstrate that TRIP significantly outperforms the conventional parity-based RAID systems in data transfer rate and user response time, especially in write-intensive environments.
奇偶校验冗余被广泛应用于raid结构的存储系统中,以防止磁盘故障。然而,小写入问题一直是这种基于奇偶校验的RAID系统性能瓶颈的持久根源,因为每次写入操作都会产生额外的奇偶校验更新开销。本文在传统的基于奇偶校验的RAID系统的基础上,提出了一种新的RAID体系结构——TRIP。TRIP通过集成和利用存储系统中通常存在的时间冗余(即快照和日志)来保护数据免受软错误的影响,同时提高写性能,从而减轻了小写问题。在写密集型期间,TRIP可以将每个小写请求的代价减少到一个设备IO操作,而维护临时冗余信息的代价最小。从平均数据丢失时间(Mean Time to Data Loss, MTTDL)角度进行的可靠性分析表明,TRIP的可靠性仅受到轻微影响。另一方面,我们的原型实现和性能评估表明,TRIP在数据传输速率和用户响应时间方面明显优于传统的基于奇偶校验的RAID系统,特别是在写密集型环境中。
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引用次数: 7
Personalized Reputation Model in Cooperative Distributed Systems 协同分布式系统中的个性化信誉模型
Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS.2010.122
W. Liu, Yang-Bin Tang, Huaimin Wang
Reputation systems provide a promising way to build trust relationships between users in distributed cooperation systems, such as file sharing, streaming, distributed computing and social network, through which a user can distinguish good services or users from malicious ones and cooperate with them. However, most reputation models mainly focus on evaluating the quality of services in one dimension, but care less about the preferences of different users. This paper proposes a personalized reputation model which provides each user a personalized trust view on others according to his preferences. In our approach, we aggregate the users’ preferences with collaborative filtering method and qualify it with user similarity which is integrated into the computing of reputation value. The experimental results suggest that our model can resist possible kinds of malicious behaviors efficiently.
信誉系统为文件共享、流媒体、分布式计算、社交网络等分布式合作系统中用户之间建立信任关系提供了一种很有前景的方式,用户可以通过信誉系统区分好的服务或用户与恶意的服务或用户,并与之合作。然而,大多数声誉模型主要集中在一个维度上评价服务质量,而对不同用户的偏好关注较少。本文提出了一种个性化信誉模型,该模型根据用户的偏好为用户提供个性化的对他人的信任视图。在我们的方法中,我们使用协同过滤方法聚合用户的€™偏好,并用用户相似度对其进行限定,并将其集成到声誉值的计算中。实验结果表明,该模型能够有效地抵抗各种可能的恶意行为。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2010 IEEE 16th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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