Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-3-43-53
N. Korneeva, I. Krylov, I. Abdullin, V. Kudinov
The properties and mechanisms of destruction of hybrid composite materials (HCMs) based on flexible and brittle matrices, reinforced with hybrid fibers made of carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were investigated by the method of “impact break” (IB) upon low-velosity impact. The composition of the hybrid fiber and the plasticity of the matrix affect the properties and fracture mode of the HCM. It is discovered that the combination of carbon and aramid fibers in a hybrid fiber for reinforcing a flexible matrix (FM) makes it possible to create a material with delayed fracture. It has been shown that upon impact for the destruction of HCM with a flexible matrix, a load twice as large as for specimens with a brittle matrix is required. The highest strength have hybrids, in which, at all stages of loading, up to fracture, there is a joint deformation of the matrix and the reinforcing fiber. The mechanism of deformation and destruction of anisotropic HCMs upon impact has a stepwise character.
{"title":"Influence of hybridization of carbon fibers with aramid and UHMWPE-fibers on the impact properties of hybrid CFRPs","authors":"N. Korneeva, I. Krylov, I. Abdullin, V. Kudinov","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2022-3-43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-3-43-53","url":null,"abstract":"The properties and mechanisms of destruction of hybrid composite materials (HCMs) based on flexible and brittle matrices, reinforced with hybrid fibers made of carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were investigated by the method of “impact break” (IB) upon low-velosity impact. The composition of the hybrid fiber and the plasticity of the matrix affect the properties and fracture mode of the HCM. It is discovered that the combination of carbon and aramid fibers in a hybrid fiber for reinforcing a flexible matrix (FM) makes it possible to create a material with delayed fracture. It has been shown that upon impact for the destruction of HCM with a flexible matrix, a load twice as large as for specimens with a brittle matrix is required. The highest strength have hybrids, in which, at all stages of loading, up to fracture, there is a joint deformation of the matrix and the reinforcing fiber. The mechanism of deformation and destruction of anisotropic HCMs upon impact has a stepwise character.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2021-2-42-50
A. A. Yakushkin, As “Src Rf Triniti”, V. Borisov, V. Trofimov
The issue presents the results of studies of methods for increasing the corrosion resistance of fuel claddings made from zirconium alloy E110, performed at the SRC RF TRINITI, using coatings (Al, Al2O3, Cr) by pulsed laser deposition, as well as magnetron sputtering and galvanic deposition of chromium. Also presented some results of studies of adhesion, microstructure and corrosion resistance of chromium coatings deposited by various methods. It was revealed that the corrosion resistance of the cladding of fuel rods with chrome coatings at temperatures of 1100 – 1200 °С practically does not depend on the method of their application. However, the coating method has a significant effect on their adhesion, with coatings obtained by atomic deposition methods and characterized by a continuous uniform structure have the greatest adhesion. The depth of oxidation of the outer surface of the cladding of a fuel rod when applying a chromium coating decreases by an average of 30 times for sponge-based alloy E110.
{"title":"Properties of chrome coatings applied by various methods to zirconium alloy E110","authors":"A. A. Yakushkin, As “Src Rf Triniti”, V. Borisov, V. Trofimov","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2021-2-42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2021-2-42-50","url":null,"abstract":"The issue presents the results of studies of methods for increasing the corrosion resistance of fuel claddings made from zirconium alloy E110, performed at the SRC RF TRINITI, using coatings (Al, Al2O3, Cr) by pulsed laser deposition, as well as magnetron sputtering and galvanic deposition of chromium. Also presented some results of studies of adhesion, microstructure and corrosion resistance of chromium coatings deposited by various methods. It was revealed that the corrosion resistance of the cladding of fuel rods with chrome coatings at temperatures of 1100 – 1200 °С practically does not depend on the method of their application. However, the coating method has a significant effect on their adhesion, with coatings obtained by atomic deposition methods and characterized by a continuous uniform structure have the greatest adhesion. The depth of oxidation of the outer surface of the cladding of a fuel rod when applying a chromium coating decreases by an average of 30 times for sponge-based alloy E110.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-74-82
K. S. Filippov
{"title":"An investigation of the volume and surface properties of nickel melt with lead impurity","authors":"K. S. Filippov","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-74-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-74-82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114510922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-6-44-53
A. Epishin
High-alloyed nickel-based superalloys used for casting of single crystal blades of aircraft gas-turbine engines have to be subjected to a long-term high-temperature homogenization annealing for dissolution of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics and smoothing of dendritic segregation of alloying elements. Single crystal nickel-based superalloy of the 3-rd generation CMSX-10 developed by Cannon-Muskegon corporation for casting highly loaded uncooled single crystal blades of the first stage of a high pressure turbine of an aviation gas turbine engine Trent 800 belongs to such alloys. In the present work, the processes occurring during high-temperature homogenization annealing of this alloy have been investigated. It is shown that the kinetics of dissolution of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics strongly depends on temperature: in the range of 1340 – 1360 °C the dissolution rate increases by about an order of magnitude with increasing temperature by 10 °C. Two types of homogenization annealing with a stepwise increase of temperature proposed for CMSX-10 by Cannon-Muskegon have been investigated: a long 45-hour annealing with 10 steps of temperature increase and a shortened 20-hour annealing with 6 temperature steps. The change in the solidus temperature of the alloy during the homogenization was studied by the method of measurement of the specific electrical resistance. It is shown, that during homogenization annealing of the both types the nonequilibrium eutectics is completely dissolved, and a longer 45-hour annealing provides a deeper chemical homogenization of the alloy. This is especially important for such alloying element as rhenium, which has a high segregation coefficient and very slow diffusion mobility in nickel. Deeper homogenization provides better thermal stability of the alloy microstructure and consequently higher long-term creep strength. A negative effect of high-temperature homogenization is increased porosity resulting from the dissolution of γ′-eutectics. Homogenization porosity can be reduced by optimizing the alloy composition and reducing the fraction of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics.
{"title":"Investigation of high-temperature homogenization of a single crystal nickel-based superalloy of the 3rd generation","authors":"A. Epishin","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2022-6-44-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-6-44-53","url":null,"abstract":"High-alloyed nickel-based superalloys used for casting of single crystal blades of aircraft gas-turbine engines have to be subjected to a long-term high-temperature homogenization annealing for dissolution of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics and smoothing of dendritic segregation of alloying elements. Single crystal nickel-based superalloy of the 3-rd generation CMSX-10 developed by Cannon-Muskegon corporation for casting highly loaded uncooled single crystal blades of the first stage of a high pressure turbine of an aviation gas turbine engine Trent 800 belongs to such alloys. In the present work, the processes occurring during high-temperature homogenization annealing of this alloy have been investigated. It is shown that the kinetics of dissolution of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics strongly depends on temperature: in the range of 1340 – 1360 °C the dissolution rate increases by about an order of magnitude with increasing temperature by 10 °C. Two types of homogenization annealing with a stepwise increase of temperature proposed for CMSX-10 by Cannon-Muskegon have been investigated: a long 45-hour annealing with 10 steps of temperature increase and a shortened 20-hour annealing with 6 temperature steps. The change in the solidus temperature of the alloy during the homogenization was studied by the method of measurement of the specific electrical resistance. It is shown, that during homogenization annealing of the both types the nonequilibrium eutectics is completely dissolved, and a longer 45-hour annealing provides a deeper chemical homogenization of the alloy. This is especially important for such alloying element as rhenium, which has a high segregation coefficient and very slow diffusion mobility in nickel. Deeper homogenization provides better thermal stability of the alloy microstructure and consequently higher long-term creep strength. A negative effect of high-temperature homogenization is increased porosity resulting from the dissolution of γ′-eutectics. Homogenization porosity can be reduced by optimizing the alloy composition and reducing the fraction of nonequilibrium γ′-eutectics.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"1039 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116272248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-1-43-54
Ya. S. Fironov, М. Vlasova, I. V. Melnikov, M. Kakazey, M. C. Reséndiz-González, S. Kondrashenko, D. Ryabtsev
{"title":"Formation of CrxCyOz coatings under laser treatment of carbide-chromium ceramics","authors":"Ya. S. Fironov, М. Vlasova, I. V. Melnikov, M. Kakazey, M. C. Reséndiz-González, S. Kondrashenko, D. Ryabtsev","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-1-43-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-1-43-54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2023-3-72-78
E. Belan, A. Obukhov, S. Eremin, D. M. Sorbat, D. V. Kharkov, D. Markelov, I. I. Gibadullin
The work is devoted to the study of annealing of deformation defects in the Zr – 1,4 wt. % Sn – 0,2 wt. % Fe – 0,1 wt. % Cr model alloy. The final stage of thermomechanical treatment of the alloy is cold deformation up to 25 %, heating up to 400 °C and holding at this temperature for 3 hours. The study was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range from room temperature to 620 – 680 °C at a heating rate of 2 – 5 °C/min. The alloy structure before and after DSC was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Two stages of annealing of deformation defects were recorded, which are interpreted as polygonization and primary recrystallization of the alloy. By the method of model kinetic analysis, it was found that the activation energy of the first stage is 127 kJ/mol, the activation energy of the second stage is 146 kJ/mol. Avrami – Erofeev equation is used as kinetic equation.
{"title":"Kinetics of annealing of deformation defects in model alloy Zr – Sn – Fe – Cr","authors":"E. Belan, A. Obukhov, S. Eremin, D. M. Sorbat, D. V. Kharkov, D. Markelov, I. I. Gibadullin","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2023-3-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2023-3-72-78","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the study of annealing of deformation defects in the Zr – 1,4 wt. % Sn – 0,2 wt. % Fe – 0,1 wt. % Cr model alloy. The final stage of thermomechanical treatment of the alloy is cold deformation up to 25 %, heating up to 400 °C and holding at this temperature for 3 hours. The study was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range from room temperature to 620 – 680 °C at a heating rate of 2 – 5 °C/min. The alloy structure before and after DSC was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Two stages of annealing of deformation defects were recorded, which are interpreted as polygonization and primary recrystallization of the alloy. By the method of model kinetic analysis, it was found that the activation energy of the first stage is 127 kJ/mol, the activation energy of the second stage is 146 kJ/mol. Avrami – Erofeev equation is used as kinetic equation.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121756651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-4-5-14
V. Kolokoltsev, V. N. Pimenov, A. S. Demin, E. Morozov, S. A. Maslyaev, I. Borovitskaya, A. Gaydar
It was found that particles of the metal are ejected in vacuum during the formation of microcracks in a film on the surface of a model alloy of the aluminum-magnesium system (AMG type) under the influence of pulsed beam-plasma flows with a power density q ~ (106 – 5·107 W/cm2) in a plasma focus setup. The formation of microcracks in the surface film of refractory aluminum oxide (Al2O3) occurs due to the processes of its sputtering, mechanical action of pulsed energy flows and thermal stresses arising in the surface layer. Ejection of alloy particles through microcracks in the oxide film is observed after melting of the surface layer of the alloy at q > 107 W/cm2. The possible influence of such effect on the process of ejection of dust particles in thermonuclear fusion facilities is noted.
{"title":"Formation of surface microcracks and ejection of particles in vacuum under irradiation of aluminum-magnesium alloy in a Plasma Focus facility","authors":"V. Kolokoltsev, V. N. Pimenov, A. S. Demin, E. Morozov, S. A. Maslyaev, I. Borovitskaya, A. Gaydar","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2022-4-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-4-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"It was found that particles of the metal are ejected in vacuum during the formation of microcracks in a film on the surface of a model alloy of the aluminum-magnesium system (AMG type) under the influence of pulsed beam-plasma flows with a power density q ~ (106 – 5·107 W/cm2) in a plasma focus setup. The formation of microcracks in the surface film of refractory aluminum oxide (Al2O3) occurs due to the processes of its sputtering, mechanical action of pulsed energy flows and thermal stresses arising in the surface layer. Ejection of alloy particles through microcracks in the oxide film is observed after melting of the surface layer of the alloy at q > 107 W/cm2. The possible influence of such effect on the process of ejection of dust particles in thermonuclear fusion facilities is noted.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2023-1-5-10
V. Uglov, V. Kholad, P. Grinchuk, I. A. Ivanov, А. L. Kozlovsky, М. Zdorovets
The effect of irradiation with helium ions with an energy of 40 keV and doses of 1·1014 – 2·1017 cm–2 on the microstructure and phase composition of ceramics based on silicon carbide has been studied. The irradiation growth of the 6H–SiC crystal lattice was revealed. However, at a dose of 1·1016 cm–2, there is a decrease in deformation associated with the formation of gas-vacancy clusters, which are sinks for radiation defects. Amorphization of the near-surface layer has been established.
{"title":"Investigation of the microstructure and phase composition of ceramics based on silicon carbide irradiated with low-energy helium ions","authors":"V. Uglov, V. Kholad, P. Grinchuk, I. A. Ivanov, А. L. Kozlovsky, М. Zdorovets","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2023-1-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2023-1-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of irradiation with helium ions with an energy of 40 keV and doses of 1·1014 – 2·1017 cm–2 on the microstructure and phase composition of ceramics based on silicon carbide has been studied. The irradiation growth of the 6H–SiC crystal lattice was revealed. However, at a dose of 1·1016 cm–2, there is a decrease in deformation associated with the formation of gas-vacancy clusters, which are sinks for radiation defects. Amorphization of the near-surface layer has been established.","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125464072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-5-42-67
Е.E. Ashkinazi, A. Khomich, V. Rogalin, A. Bolshakov, D. Sovyk, M. A. Mytarev, I. I. Koshelkov, P. M. Vasiliev, V. Konov, Jsc “Composite”
{"title":"Diamond tools with improved wear resistance for hardly processed composition materials","authors":"Е.E. Ashkinazi, A. Khomich, V. Rogalin, A. Bolshakov, D. Sovyk, M. A. Mytarev, I. I. Koshelkov, P. M. Vasiliev, V. Konov, Jsc “Composite”","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-5-42-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-5-42-67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-57-62
V. Kudinov, I. Krylov, N. Korneeva
{"title":"Mechanism of load and deformation transfer between the fibers in composite materials","authors":"V. Kudinov, I. Krylov, N. Korneeva","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-57-62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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