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The film properties that obtained in the atmospheric pressure plasma from aniline 在常压等离子体中从苯胺中获得的薄膜性质
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-1-16-26
М. P. Danilaev, I. Vakhitov, S. V. Drobushev, I. Lounev, B. Kamaliev, S. Karandashov, V. Kuklin, М. S. Pudovkin
The polyaniline (PANI) films filled by carbon particles can demonstrate the conductivity increasing. The carbon particles uniform distribution in the PANI films can be received by their contemporaneously formation in the atmospheric pressure plasma. The films properties produced from aniline contemporaneously with carbon particles in the atmospheric pressure plasma are considered in that paper. The energy density threshold (~ 30 mJ/m) of gas discharge starting from which it is possible to obtain a continuous film filled with agglomerates of carbon particles was defined. It was showing that the such films has the amorphous morphology. It was defined that the carbon particles agglomerates in the PANI films. The carbon particles agglomerates concentration in the PANI films is about ~(4 – 7)·104 1/cm2 and slowly depends on the energy density. So the conductivity of that films cant be increasing by this particles. It was shown that the films moisture saturation is the main reason of them conductivity increasing. It was shown that the films creep are decreases and the hardness increases when the gas discharge energy density increases. Its because the crosslinks number is growth in the samples. The molecular weight of PANI films is low, so the Martens hardness value has low-level.
碳粒子填充的聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜电导率提高。通过在常压等离子体中同时形成碳颗粒,可以获得聚苯胺薄膜中碳颗粒的均匀分布。本文研究了常压等离子体中苯胺与碳粒子同步制备薄膜的特性。确定了气体放电的能量密度阈值(~ 30 mJ/m),从该阈值开始可以获得充满碳颗粒团块的连续膜。结果表明,这种薄膜具有非晶形态。结果表明,聚苯胺薄膜中碳颗粒聚集。聚苯胺薄膜中的碳颗粒团聚浓度约为~(4 - 7)·104 /cm2,随能量密度变化缓慢。所以薄膜的导电性不会因为这些粒子而增加。结果表明,薄膜的水分饱和是其电导率提高的主要原因。结果表明,随着气体放电能量密度的增大,薄膜的蠕变减小,硬度增大。这是因为交联的数量在样本中是增长的。聚苯胺薄膜分子量低,因此马氏硬度值较低。
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引用次数: 1
Features and efficiency of high-carbon steel ablation by a scanning beam of the nanosecond pulsed Yb:YAG laser 纳秒脉冲Yb:YAG激光扫描束烧蚀高碳钢的特点和效率
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2023-2-18-32
S. Mikhailov, S. Gorny, A. N. Sharikov
The experiments results on the ablation of high-carbon (> 97 % Fe, 1.3 % C) and low-carbon (> 97 % Fe, 0.3 % C) steel targets by a nanosecond pulse laser radiation scanning beam are presented. The dependence of the depth and energy efficiency of ablation on the power density in the range q = 4·108 – 1010 W/cm2 has been determined. It has been established that the maximum efficiency of material removal is achieved at q = 4·109 W/cm2 for a high-carbon steel target and in the range q = 7·108 – 5·109 W/cm2 for a low-carbon steel target. The size distribution of ejected microparticles was determined. It has been established that a back flow of particles occurs upon irradiation of high-carbon steel and the flow origin mechanism is associated with nanosized condensate particles. Based on the reflectivity measurements and the electron microscopy microstructure study of the irradiated surface, it has been suggested that the mechanism for the higher efficiency of ablation of high-carbon steel compared to low-carbon steel is the condensation process of supersaturated carbon vapors on the target surface that increases the irradiated target surface absorptivity and, consequently, the material removal efficiency of the subsequent scanning pass is increased.
介绍了用纳秒脉冲激光扫描光束烧蚀高碳(> 97% Fe, 1.3% C)和低碳(> 97% Fe, 0.3% C)钢靶的实验结果。在q = 4·108 ~ 1010 W/cm2范围内,确定了烧蚀深度和能量效率与功率密度的关系。结果表明,高碳钢靶材在q = 4·109 W/cm2时材料去除效率最高,低碳钢靶材在q = 7·108 ~ 5·109 W/cm2时材料去除效率最高。测定了喷射微粒的粒径分布。研究结果表明,高碳钢辐照后会发生颗粒回流,其产生机制与纳米级凝结水颗粒有关。通过对辐照表面的反射率测量和电子显微结构的研究,提出了高碳钢比低碳钢烧蚀效率更高的机理是过饱和碳蒸气在靶表面的冷凝过程增加了辐照靶表面的吸收率,从而提高了后续扫描道次的材料去除效率。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of relaxation maxima of internal friction in the Zr – Nb alloy after nitriding, oxidation in air, and in situ carburization 氮化、空气氧化和原位渗碳后Zr - Nb合金内摩擦弛豫最大值的确定
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2021-6-26-34
V. Anan’in, B. Kalin, V. Novikov, A. V. Sumarokova
The internal friction method was used to study the behavior of the Zr – 1 wt. % Nb alloy after oxidation in air, nitriding in an atmosphere of technical nitrogen, and in situ carburization during measurements. In this case, carbon was deposited on the samples during measurements due to thermal decomposition of vapors of diffusion oil. The pressure in the system was about 10–2 Pa. The temperature dependence of the logarithmic decrement of damped bending vibrations with a frequency of 2.2 – 2.4  Hz was measured on specimens in the form of a rectangular plate 22 × 8 × 0.3 mm in size. The measurements were carried out at a constant heating rate of about 4 K/min from room temperature to 700 – 750 °C. The obtained temperature dependences of internal friction were divided into partial maxima using a special program. The program determines the temperatures of the relaxation maxima and calculates the effective activation energy using the Werth — Marx formula. The internal friction spectra in successive measurements on one sample changed due to the diffusion redistribution of the alloy components. The parameters of the relaxation maxima for carbon (153 – 159 kJ/mol), oxygen (203 – 207 kJ/mol) and nitrogen (235 – 238 kJ/mol) in the alloy under study, depending on the experimental conditions, have been established. Grain-boundary (Gb) impurity maxima due to these impurities were also found. The following activation energies were obtained: 173 – 179 kJ/mol for C-Gb, 216 – 219  kJ/mol for O-Gb and 222 – 229 kJ/mol for N-Gb. Impurity grain-boundary maxima associated with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were observed in each series of measurements. The activation energy of the grain-boundary maxima proper decreases monotonically from 202.4 to 194.5 kJ/mol in a series with oxidation in air (experiments 711 – 715), and remains about 200 kJ/mol in nitrided samples.
采用内摩擦法研究了Zr - 1wt . % Nb合金在空气中氧化、在工业氮气气氛中渗氮和测量时的原位渗碳行为。在这种情况下,由于扩散油蒸气的热分解,碳在测量期间沉积在样品上。系统的压强大约是10 - 2pa。在尺寸为22 × 8 × 0.3 mm的矩形板上测量了频率为2.2 - 2.4 Hz的阻尼弯曲振动对数衰减的温度依赖性。测量在恒定的加热速率下进行,从室温到700 - 750℃,加热速率约为4 K/min。利用特殊的程序将得到的内摩擦温度依赖关系划分为局部最大值。该程序确定了松弛最大值的温度,并使用沃斯-马克思公式计算有效活化能。由于合金成分的扩散再分布,在同一样品上连续测量的内摩擦谱发生了变化。根据不同的实验条件,确定了合金中碳(153 ~ 159 kJ/mol)、氧(203 ~ 207 kJ/mol)和氮(235 ~ 238 kJ/mol)的弛豫最大值参数。还发现了由这些杂质引起的晶界(Gb)杂质最大值。得到的活化能分别为:C-Gb为173 ~ 179 kJ/mol, O-Gb为216 ~ 219 kJ/mol, N-Gb为222 ~ 229 kJ/mol。在每一系列测量中都观察到与碳、氧和氮有关的杂质晶界最大值。在空气氧化过程中(实验711 ~ 715),晶界活化能最大值从202.4 ~ 194.5 kJ/mol单调降低,氮化样品的晶界活化能最大值保持在200 kJ/mol左右。
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引用次数: 0
Cermet plasma coatings with TiC and TiCrC carbides TiC和TiCrC碳化物金属陶瓷等离子体涂层
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-2-23-34
V. Kalita, A. Radyuk, D. I. Komlev, V. Shamraǐ, A. Mikhailova, M. Alymov, A. Alpatov, D. D. Titov
Four plasma cermet coatings with similar compositions based on TiC carbide and NiCrMo matrices with additional Cr3C2, WC carbides, and carbon were studied. The average oxygen content for four cermets increases from 0.51 % for powders to 0.86 % for coatings with a minimum plasma power and does not increase with its increase. The maximum average nitrogen content in the coatings, 0.34 %, is determined by the nitrogen content in the plasma. When spraying coatings, the loss of carbon, relative to the initial powder composition, is 2.79 – 3.76 %, less than in the manufacture of powders for spraying 4.3 – 6.6 %. Carbides Cr3C2, WC, matrix elements and the content of additional carbon determine the formation of the annular zone around TiC carbide, increase the total carbide content in the coating from 60 to 74 – 83% and the microhardness of the coating is 18 GPa with an indenter load of 200 gf.
以TiC碳化物和NiCrMo为基体,添加Cr3C2、WC碳化物和碳,研究了四种成分相似的等离子陶瓷涂层。四种金属陶瓷的平均氧含量从粉末的0.51%增加到等离子体功率最小的涂层的0.86%,并且不随其增加而增加。镀层中氮的最大平均含量为0.34%,由等离子体中的氮含量决定。喷涂涂料时,相对于初始粉末成分,碳的损失量为2.79 - 3.76%,低于制造喷涂粉末时的4.3 - 6.6%。碳化物Cr3C2、WC、基体元素和附加碳的含量决定了TiC碳化物周围环状区域的形成,使涂层中总碳化物含量从60%提高到74 - 83%,压头载荷为200gf时涂层的显微硬度为18gpa。
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引用次数: 0
The rate of the fast particles going out a planar channeled regime in quasi-classic approach 准经典方法中快速粒子冲出平面通道的速率
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-5-11
Y. Kashlev, S. A. Maslyaev
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of the composition, structure, and electrochemical properties of carbon-nitrogen coatings on the surface of the carbon steel 碳钢表面碳氮涂层的组成、结构和电化学性能研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-4-27-35
T. Kartapova, O. Bakieva, E. Borisova, V. L. Vorobiyov, F. Gilmutdinov, A. Kolotov, V. Vetoshkin, S. Reshetnikov
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引用次数: 2
Kinetics of spark plasma sintering of WC-10% Co ultrafine-grained hard alloy WC-10% Co超细晶硬质合金火花等离子烧结动力学
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-36-51
Е. Lantsev, V. Chuvil’deev, А. Nokhrin, M. Boldin, Y. Tsvetkov, Yu. V. Blagoveshchenskiy, N. Isaeva, P. Andreev, K. Smetanina
{"title":"Kinetics of spark plasma sintering of WC-10% Co ultrafine-grained hard alloy","authors":"Е. Lantsev, V. Chuvil’deev, А. Nokhrin, M. Boldin, Y. Tsvetkov, Yu. V. Blagoveshchenskiy, N. Isaeva, P. Andreev, K. Smetanina","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-36-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-36-51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127039291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Physicochemical methods for increase of aliphatic polyesters surface hydrophilicity for tissue engineering constructions 组织工程结构中提高脂肪族聚酯表面亲水性的物理化学方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-72-78
A. Dunaev, A. Mariyanats, M. Syachina, E. M. Trifanova, V. Popov
{"title":"Physicochemical methods for increase of aliphatic polyesters surface hydrophilicity for tissue engineering constructions","authors":"A. Dunaev, A. Mariyanats, M. Syachina, E. M. Trifanova, V. Popov","doi":"10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2019-6-72-78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366423,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128614641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of LTA zeolite based on natural minerals of Nakhchivan: the influence of various factors on the crystallization process 以纳希切万天然矿物为原料合成LTA沸石:各种因素对结晶过程的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2022-3-74-84
G. Mamedova
The process of crystallization of LTA type zeolite promising for practical use has been studied, the influence of various factors on the rate and selectivity of synthesis using natural minerals from Nakhchivan has been considered. The influence of temperature in the range of 80 – 150 °C, the weight ratio of the initial components of halloysite (G) and obsidian (O) G:O, equal to 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1, the concentration of the used thermal NaOH solution in the range of 5 – 30 % and the process duration in the range of 10 – 100 hours for the crystallization of LTA were studied. It has been determined that the optimal conditions for the synthesis of a single-phase zeolite of the LTA type with 100 % crystallinity are: temperature 100 ± 10 °C, concentration of thermal NaOH solution — 10 – 15 %, the ratio of the initial components of halloysite (G) and obsidian (O) G:O, equal to 1:1, processing time — 20 hours. Synthesis of zeolite LTA using natural minerals of Nakhchivan was carried out in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH). The effect of temperature, concentration of thermal NaOH solution, ratio of initial components, duration of aging on the process of LTA crystallization has been studied. It was shown that violation of the optimal synthesis conditions leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the process and the formation of other zeolites (X), aluminosilicates (sodalite, anorthite, sanidine) or their associations, as well as quartz. The process of aging was studied in the duration interval from 1 to 3 days. It has been determined that an increase in the aging duration leads to an increase in the linear rate of crystallization of the LTA zeolite.
研究了有实际应用前景的LTA型沸石的结晶过程,考察了各种因素对利用纳希切万天然矿物合成LTA型沸石的速率和选择性的影响。研究了温度在80 ~ 150℃范围内、高岭土(G)和黑曜石(O)初始组分的质量比G:O分别为1:1、1:2、1:3、2:1和3:1、热氢氧化钠溶液的浓度在5 ~ 30%范围内、工艺时间在10 ~ 100 h范围内对LTA结晶的影响。确定了合成100%结晶度LTA型单相沸石的最佳条件为:温度100±10℃,NaOH热溶液浓度- 10 ~ 15%,高岭土(G)与黑曜石(O)初始组分G:O = 1:1,处理时间- 20小时。以纳希切万天然矿物为原料,在四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)存在下合成了LTA沸石。研究了温度、热氢氧化钠溶液浓度、初始组分配比、时效时间等因素对LTA结晶过程的影响。结果表明,违反最佳合成条件会导致该工艺的选择性降低,并导致其他沸石(X)、铝硅酸盐(钠长石、钙长石、硅长石)或其伴生物以及石英的形成。在1 ~ 3 d的时间间隔内研究其老化过程。结果表明,随着时效时间的延长,LTA沸石的线性结晶速率也随之提高。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of residual stresses formation in welded joints and stellite surfacing on the rail steel 钢轨钢焊接接头残余应力形成及星状合金堆焊的特点
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-3-31-39
S. Betsofen, K. Grigorovich, A. Ashmarin, A. Abdurashitov, M. Lebedev
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引用次数: 0
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Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment
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