This is a protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are to synthesize published and unpublished scientific literature on (1) the prevalence of and (2) the risk and protective factors for school-aged youth radicalization. In the nascent field of research on radicalized youth, a priority of the review is to examine the breadth of empirical evidence on prevalence and risk and protective factors, and to identify gaps and opportunities for further research. Our research questions are: Part 1: Prevalence: What is the prevalence of radicalization among school-aged youth? How does the prevalence of radicalization of school-aged youth vary over time and by type of radical ideology (e.g., religiously motivated, far left and far right, ethno-nationalist, racially and ethnically motivated, gender-based, online conspiracy-based)? Part 2: Risk and Protective Factors What are the cognitive and behavioral risk and protective factors for school-aged youth radicalization? How do the cognitive and behavioral risk and protective factors for youth radicalization vary by type of radical ideology (e.g., religiously motivated, far left and far right, ethno-nationalist, racially and ethnically motivated, gender-based, online conspiracy-based)?
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Prevalence and Risk and Protective Factors for Radicalization Among School-Aged Youth: A Systematic Review","authors":"Anthony Petrosino, Claire Morgan","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are to synthesize published and unpublished scientific literature on (1) the prevalence of and (2) the risk and protective factors for school-aged youth radicalization. In the nascent field of research on radicalized youth, a priority of the review is to examine the breadth of empirical evidence on prevalence and risk and protective factors, and to identify gaps and opportunities for further research. Our research questions are: Part 1: Prevalence: What is the prevalence of radicalization among school-aged youth? How does the prevalence of radicalization of school-aged youth vary over time and by type of radical ideology (e.g., religiously motivated, far left and far right, ethno-nationalist, racially and ethnically motivated, gender-based, online conspiracy-based)? Part 2: Risk and Protective Factors What are the cognitive and behavioral risk and protective factors for school-aged youth radicalization? How do the cognitive and behavioral risk and protective factors for youth radicalization vary by type of radical ideology (e.g., religiously motivated, far left and far right, ethno-nationalist, racially and ethnically motivated, gender-based, online conspiracy-based)?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lawrence W. Sherman, Friedrich Loesel, Dorothy Newbury-Birch, David Weisburd
<p>In late 1997, the key founder of the medical Cochrane Collaboration, Ian Chalmers, called Larry Sherman from Oxford to discuss the recent “Maryland Report” (<i>Preventing Crime: What Works? What Doesn't? What's Promising?</i>) submitted to the US Congress by Attorney General Janet Reno and her Assistant Attorney General, Laurie Robinson. The report had attempted to undertake a series of semi-systematic reviews in all areas for which federal funding had been made available. Sherman directed the project at the University of Maryland, where the co-authors collaborated. All of them had been informed, in part, by the systematic reviews that David Farrington had already published at Cambridge, such as his 1981 review of randomized experiments in crime and justice.</p><p>Chalmers was not the only person to suggest that the Maryland report should become a springboard for an ongoing process of systematic reviews. The same idea struck a Philadelphia radio broadcaster, Jerry Lee, who contacted Sherman in mid-1997 to discuss his possible donations to make that continuation happen. Within months, Jerry Lee had donated major funding to Maryland, including money for a visiting professorship at Maryland for Cambridge Professor David Farrington.</p><p>Farrington's engagement with the Maryland authors and Jerry Lee's support coincided with the developing support of the Cochrane community. By April 2000, Sherman delivered his inaugural lecture at the University of Pennsylvania, where by 2003, he founded its criminology department. The April 2000 event turned into a joint event for founding the Campbell Collaboration (named after program evaluation pioneer Donald T. Campbell) under the leadership of Penn Professor Robert Boruch (a former colleague of Campbell's and a renowned methodologist in social experiments).</p><p>A central actor in this effort was to be the first Chair of the Campbell Coordinating Committee on Crime and Justice, one of three initial substantive committees for overseeing systematic review production in social and human services. That Chair, by acclaim, was David P. Farrington. He was, for many reasons, an ideal choice. He had hundreds of co-authors from all over the globe, including students and many others who had asked him to collaborate. He also had an incredibly broad range of subject matter interests, from juvenile delinquency to domestic abuse to crime prevention programs, from street lighting to cognitive therapies.</p><p>For the next 4 years, the Campbell Crime and Justice Group (CCJG) met up to twice yearly, with Farrington as the Chair and Jerry Lee's foundation supporting meetings in Europe—and in conjunction with annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology. Farrington's leadership attracted a group of outstanding scholars, all of whom with years of experience in conducting and reviewing evaluations of anticrime programs. Farrington led these meetings to highly productive results. He also ensured that peer reviewers wit
{"title":"In Memoriam: David Farrington, Founding Chair of the Campbell Crime and Justice Group","authors":"Lawrence W. Sherman, Friedrich Loesel, Dorothy Newbury-Birch, David Weisburd","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In late 1997, the key founder of the medical Cochrane Collaboration, Ian Chalmers, called Larry Sherman from Oxford to discuss the recent “Maryland Report” (<i>Preventing Crime: What Works? What Doesn't? What's Promising?</i>) submitted to the US Congress by Attorney General Janet Reno and her Assistant Attorney General, Laurie Robinson. The report had attempted to undertake a series of semi-systematic reviews in all areas for which federal funding had been made available. Sherman directed the project at the University of Maryland, where the co-authors collaborated. All of them had been informed, in part, by the systematic reviews that David Farrington had already published at Cambridge, such as his 1981 review of randomized experiments in crime and justice.</p><p>Chalmers was not the only person to suggest that the Maryland report should become a springboard for an ongoing process of systematic reviews. The same idea struck a Philadelphia radio broadcaster, Jerry Lee, who contacted Sherman in mid-1997 to discuss his possible donations to make that continuation happen. Within months, Jerry Lee had donated major funding to Maryland, including money for a visiting professorship at Maryland for Cambridge Professor David Farrington.</p><p>Farrington's engagement with the Maryland authors and Jerry Lee's support coincided with the developing support of the Cochrane community. By April 2000, Sherman delivered his inaugural lecture at the University of Pennsylvania, where by 2003, he founded its criminology department. The April 2000 event turned into a joint event for founding the Campbell Collaboration (named after program evaluation pioneer Donald T. Campbell) under the leadership of Penn Professor Robert Boruch (a former colleague of Campbell's and a renowned methodologist in social experiments).</p><p>A central actor in this effort was to be the first Chair of the Campbell Coordinating Committee on Crime and Justice, one of three initial substantive committees for overseeing systematic review production in social and human services. That Chair, by acclaim, was David P. Farrington. He was, for many reasons, an ideal choice. He had hundreds of co-authors from all over the globe, including students and many others who had asked him to collaborate. He also had an incredibly broad range of subject matter interests, from juvenile delinquency to domestic abuse to crime prevention programs, from street lighting to cognitive therapies.</p><p>For the next 4 years, the Campbell Crime and Justice Group (CCJG) met up to twice yearly, with Farrington as the Chair and Jerry Lee's foundation supporting meetings in Europe—and in conjunction with annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology. Farrington's leadership attracted a group of outstanding scholars, all of whom with years of experience in conducting and reviewing evaluations of anticrime programs. Farrington led these meetings to highly productive results. He also ensured that peer reviewers wit","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordie A. J. Fischer, Jonathan Thomas, Despo Ierodiakonou, Kesso G. van Zutphen-Küffer, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
<div> <section> <p>Breakfast skipping is a commonly reported dietary habit among adolescents despite this life stage marked by critical growth and development. Limited comparable evidence exists from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the detrimental effect of inadequate diets remains a major public health challenge. We conducted a systematic review to assess the scientific evidence available from LMICs regarding the association of breakfast skipping and consumption habits and anthropometry- and nutrition-related outcomes in adolescents 10–19 years old. Electronic searches for relevant studies were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science from the date of database inception until June 28, 2023. Additionally, reference lists of included studies and gray literature were searched. We included studies of all designs that compared breakfast skipping and consumption habits among adolescents aged 10–19 years in LMICs. Exclusion criteria included the following: review articles, if the target population age was outside the WHO definition of adolescents, assessed only lunch or dinner consumption, skipped any other meal besides breakfast, only collected point prevalence data, did not include a breakfast consumer control group, or co-interventions were inconsistent across breakfast habit groups. The primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI in kg/m<sup>2</sup>), also defined categorically as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese or as BMI-for-age (<i>z</i>-score) and anemia (defined according to Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in different age groups for boys and girls). Secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures and nutrient concentrations or deficiencies. Title screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate. The risk of bias was evaluated using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to pool data for each outcome measure from the included studies. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes, while odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were computed for dichotomous outcomes. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our search yielded 3604 records, and 41 studies met our inclusion criteria. Among these, 39 cross-sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies were eligible, with 36 providing data for meta-analysis. Overall, there was very low certainty of evidence regarding the association between breakfast consumption habits and the risk of being overweight/obese, mainly due to the risk of bias and inconsistency. Adolescents who infrequently ate breakfast (0–2 days/week) were twice as likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.61–
{"title":"Breakfast Habits, Anthropometry, and Nutrition-Related Outcomes in Adolescents From Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jordie A. J. Fischer, Jonathan Thomas, Despo Ierodiakonou, Kesso G. van Zutphen-Küffer, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breakfast skipping is a commonly reported dietary habit among adolescents despite this life stage marked by critical growth and development. Limited comparable evidence exists from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the detrimental effect of inadequate diets remains a major public health challenge. We conducted a systematic review to assess the scientific evidence available from LMICs regarding the association of breakfast skipping and consumption habits and anthropometry- and nutrition-related outcomes in adolescents 10–19 years old. Electronic searches for relevant studies were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science from the date of database inception until June 28, 2023. Additionally, reference lists of included studies and gray literature were searched. We included studies of all designs that compared breakfast skipping and consumption habits among adolescents aged 10–19 years in LMICs. Exclusion criteria included the following: review articles, if the target population age was outside the WHO definition of adolescents, assessed only lunch or dinner consumption, skipped any other meal besides breakfast, only collected point prevalence data, did not include a breakfast consumer control group, or co-interventions were inconsistent across breakfast habit groups. The primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI in kg/m<sup>2</sup>), also defined categorically as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese or as BMI-for-age (<i>z</i>-score) and anemia (defined according to Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in different age groups for boys and girls). Secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures and nutrient concentrations or deficiencies. Title screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate. The risk of bias was evaluated using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to pool data for each outcome measure from the included studies. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes, while odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were computed for dichotomous outcomes. The certainty of the evidence for each outcome was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our search yielded 3604 records, and 41 studies met our inclusion criteria. Among these, 39 cross-sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies were eligible, with 36 providing data for meta-analysis. Overall, there was very low certainty of evidence regarding the association between breakfast consumption habits and the risk of being overweight/obese, mainly due to the risk of bias and inconsistency. Adolescents who infrequently ate breakfast (0–2 days/week) were twice as likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.61–","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe Pathé Duarte, João Pedro Ramos, Pedro Barbosa, Matteo Vergani, Cátia Moreira de Carvalho
This protocol outlines a systematic review that aims to understand the effectiveness of educational programmes, delivered both online and offline, designed to prevent and counter the effects of online violent extremist propaganda in multiple languages. The primary objective is to assess the impact of interventions on reducing violent extremist attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. A secondary objective is to identify key factors that influence the effectiveness of these interventions. Eligible studies will include randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that evaluate interventions, such as media literacy initiatives, counter-narratives, alternative narratives and gamified approaches. The analysis will synthesise outcomes using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis, concentrating on attitudinal and behavioural extremism measures. By addressing a significant research gap, this review aims to provide actionable insights for developing educational strategies to mitigate online extremist propaganda's spread, impact and radicalising influence.
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of Educational Programmes to Prevent and Counter Online Violent Extremist Propaganda in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German and Scandinavian Language Studies: A Systematic Review","authors":"Felipe Pathé Duarte, João Pedro Ramos, Pedro Barbosa, Matteo Vergani, Cátia Moreira de Carvalho","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This protocol outlines a systematic review that aims to understand the effectiveness of educational programmes, delivered both online and offline, designed to prevent and counter the effects of online violent extremist propaganda in multiple languages. The primary objective is to assess the impact of interventions on reducing violent extremist attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. A secondary objective is to identify key factors that influence the effectiveness of these interventions. Eligible studies will include randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that evaluate interventions, such as media literacy initiatives, counter-narratives, alternative narratives and gamified approaches. The analysis will synthesise outcomes using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis, concentrating on attitudinal and behavioural extremism measures. By addressing a significant research gap, this review aims to provide actionable insights for developing educational strategies to mitigate online extremist propaganda's spread, impact and radicalising influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Floridi, María Daniela Anda-León, Tomasz Kozakiewicz, Megha Bhattacharyya, Anilkrishna Thota, Peter Burt, Luca Tasciotti, Jan Selby, Zahra Premji, Shannon Shisler
Climate drivers such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can impact multiple sectors globally. We are currently witnessing the effects of these teleconnections against the backdrop of a changing climate. This systematic review takes stock of the available evidence on compounding and cascading effects of El Niño and the Positive IOD on health, economic, migration, conflicts, and nutrition outcomes in low- and middle-income countries from the Indo-Pacific region. The review sheds light on how effects vary between and within the considered countries and explores potential sources of heterogeneity. The search of studies was carried out in January 2024 in 12 major databases/search engines and 14 institutional websites, using English keywords, and paired by forward and backward citation tracking of the included studies. The review's inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative studies as long as they provide an estimate of relationship between the climate driver and outcome, and qualitative studies that aim to infer causation such as realist evaluation or process tracing. The analysis used a combination of meta-analysis with random-effects models, median effects from correlational and regression studies, and narrative synthesis. We found that El Niño is likely to decrease agricultural production and productivity at the Indo-Pacific level, although the analysed studies are highly diverse. The absence of evidence on the effects of the considered climate drivers on migration, conflict, food security and nutrition is an important evidence gap. We found limited evidence on the differential effects by El Niño's and +IOD's magnitude and no studies examining their combined impact or qualitative effectiveness studies. The high risk of bias detected across studies calls for more thorough attention to study design, conduct, and reporting in answering questions about effects. Despite remaining evidence gaps, this review highlights potential effects of El Niño and +IOD in the Indo-Pacific and underscores the need for context-specific policy responses to mitigate risks at local and regional levels. Caution is warranted in interpreting the overall findings given the generally high risk of bias of evidence.
{"title":"Effects of El Niño and the Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) on Health, Food Security, Economics, and Conflict in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Indo-Pacific: A Systematic Review","authors":"Andrea Floridi, María Daniela Anda-León, Tomasz Kozakiewicz, Megha Bhattacharyya, Anilkrishna Thota, Peter Burt, Luca Tasciotti, Jan Selby, Zahra Premji, Shannon Shisler","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Climate drivers such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can impact multiple sectors globally. We are currently witnessing the effects of these teleconnections against the backdrop of a changing climate. This systematic review takes stock of the available evidence on compounding and cascading effects of El Niño and the Positive IOD on health, economic, migration, conflicts, and nutrition outcomes in low- and middle-income countries from the Indo-Pacific region. The review sheds light on how effects vary between and within the considered countries and explores potential sources of heterogeneity. The search of studies was carried out in January 2024 in 12 major databases/search engines and 14 institutional websites, using English keywords, and paired by forward and backward citation tracking of the included studies. The review's inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative studies as long as they provide an estimate of relationship between the climate driver and outcome, and qualitative studies that aim to infer causation such as realist evaluation or process tracing. The analysis used a combination of meta-analysis with random-effects models, median effects from correlational and regression studies, and narrative synthesis. We found that El Niño is likely to decrease agricultural production and productivity at the Indo-Pacific level, although the analysed studies are highly diverse. The absence of evidence on the effects of the considered climate drivers on migration, conflict, food security and nutrition is an important evidence gap. We found limited evidence on the differential effects by El Niño's and +IOD's magnitude and no studies examining their combined impact or qualitative effectiveness studies. The high risk of bias detected across studies calls for more thorough attention to study design, conduct, and reporting in answering questions about effects. Despite remaining evidence gaps, this review highlights potential effects of El Niño and +IOD in the Indo-Pacific and underscores the need for context-specific policy responses to mitigate risks at local and regional levels. Caution is warranted in interpreting the overall findings given the generally high risk of bias of evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) is a significant global problem that warrants a robust, multi-sectoral response. The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted that informal and social networks play a critical role in responding to victim-survivors, alongside formal agencies and specialist services. Friends, relatives, neighbours and colleagues are uniquely placed to recognise abuse, respond and refer to wider services, where appropriate. Seeking to harness this potential, interventions tailored towards such informal supporters are being developed and implemented around the world. Yet little is known about such interventions. By pulling together the research on such programmes, this evidence and gap map begins to advance the understanding of informal support interventions, pinpointing the range and type of interventions implemented around the world, and the extent of the available evidence. This provides valuable insights for policy makers and practitioners seeking to commission or develop interventions and research in this area, with a view to facilitating a holistic, societal-wide response to domestic abuse. The evidence and gap map was a collaboration of academics and specialists, as well as domestic abuse researchers, with input and guidance from an Advisory Group.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>This evidence and gap map aims to establish the nature and extent of the empirical primary research on interventions aiming to create or enhance informal support for victim-survivors of domestic abuse, identifying clusters of evidence potentially suitable for synthesis, and gaps in the research base.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Search Methods</h3> <p>The following bibliographic databases were searched for published studies from inception to 31st October 2022: APA PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, ASSIA, PubMed, and Social Science Citation Index. Identifying grey literature was an important pillar of the search strategy and so websites of domestic abuse organisations, predominantly in the United Kingdom, were also searched. Similarly, a targeted search of specialist systematic review, policy and domestic abuse databases was undertaken from inception to 10th July 2023.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Selection Criteria</h3> <p>The evidence and gap map focused on any interventions that explicitly aimed to create or enhance informal social support for victim-survivors of domestic abuse. Eligible interventions targeted the providers of the support (i.e., friends, relatives, neighbours or colleagues), the vic
{"title":"Interventions for Improving Informal Social Support for Victim-Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: An Evidence and Gap Map","authors":"Karen L. Schucan Bird, Nicola Stokes, Carol Rivas","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) is a significant global problem that warrants a robust, multi-sectoral response. The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted that informal and social networks play a critical role in responding to victim-survivors, alongside formal agencies and specialist services. Friends, relatives, neighbours and colleagues are uniquely placed to recognise abuse, respond and refer to wider services, where appropriate. Seeking to harness this potential, interventions tailored towards such informal supporters are being developed and implemented around the world. Yet little is known about such interventions. By pulling together the research on such programmes, this evidence and gap map begins to advance the understanding of informal support interventions, pinpointing the range and type of interventions implemented around the world, and the extent of the available evidence. This provides valuable insights for policy makers and practitioners seeking to commission or develop interventions and research in this area, with a view to facilitating a holistic, societal-wide response to domestic abuse. The evidence and gap map was a collaboration of academics and specialists, as well as domestic abuse researchers, with input and guidance from an Advisory Group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This evidence and gap map aims to establish the nature and extent of the empirical primary research on interventions aiming to create or enhance informal support for victim-survivors of domestic abuse, identifying clusters of evidence potentially suitable for synthesis, and gaps in the research base.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The following bibliographic databases were searched for published studies from inception to 31st October 2022: APA PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, ASSIA, PubMed, and Social Science Citation Index. Identifying grey literature was an important pillar of the search strategy and so websites of domestic abuse organisations, predominantly in the United Kingdom, were also searched. Similarly, a targeted search of specialist systematic review, policy and domestic abuse databases was undertaken from inception to 10th July 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection Criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evidence and gap map focused on any interventions that explicitly aimed to create or enhance informal social support for victim-survivors of domestic abuse. Eligible interventions targeted the providers of the support (i.e., friends, relatives, neighbours or colleagues), the vic","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lysha Z. Y. Lee, Patricia Nicholson, Katrin Gerber, Ramona Naicker, Alison M. Hutchinson
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The aim of this study is to briefly outline the objectives of the proposed review. While Campbell systematic reviews might be motivated by many reasons, their overarching aim should be to gather, summarise and integrate empirical research so as to help people understand the evidence.
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Understanding Intergenerational Programmes to Improve the Psychosocial Health and Well-Being of Older Adults in Residential Aged Care: A Rapid Realist Review Protocol","authors":"Lysha Z. Y. Lee, Patricia Nicholson, Katrin Gerber, Ramona Naicker, Alison M. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The aim of this study is to briefly outline the objectives of the proposed review. While Campbell systematic reviews might be motivated by many reasons, their overarching aim should be to gather, summarise and integrate empirical research so as to help people understand the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since then, governments, non-governmental organizations and countless other stakeholders have multilaterally committed to this vision, adopted as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With an ambitious plan and progress slowed or halted in several areas by ongoing global challenges, now is the time to reconvene and make new strides (United Nations General Assembly Economic and Social Council 2024). If we hope to achieve transformative progress towards the SDGs over these next 5 years, there must be sufficient evidence to support our actions. The Campbell Collaboration has committed to providing this evidence by publishing systematic reviews and evidence-gap maps that advance the SDGs in our 2023–2025 strategy (https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Campbell-strategy-2023-2025-public-draft.pdf).
The virtual issue that follows provides crucial evidence for decision-makers in SDG progress areas, specifically climate action, gender equality, peace and justice, clean water and sanitation, no poverty, zero hunger, reduced inequalities, good health and well-being, decent work and economic growth, quality education, and sustainable cities and communities. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a world where no one is left behind.
This collection aims to uphold SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities by exemplifying the diversity of our author teams, including teams from India, China, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Argentina, and Kenya, and established scholars as well as early career researchers and graduate trainees. Over half of these reviews were funded by national research funding bodies or evidence intermediaries. We welcome proposals for evidence synthesis and methodological research, as well as new editors and peer referees. Our growing early career research network aims to involve evidence-synthesis researchers from all backgrounds. Get in touch if you are interested! [email protected].
{"title":"Leaving no-One Behind: Evidence on the SDGs From the Campbell Collaboration","authors":"Amanda Newell, Vivian Welch","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since then, governments, non-governmental organizations and countless other stakeholders have multilaterally committed to this vision, adopted as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With an ambitious plan and progress slowed or halted in several areas by ongoing global challenges, now is the time to reconvene and make new strides (United Nations General Assembly Economic and Social Council <span>2024</span>). If we hope to achieve transformative progress towards the SDGs over these next 5 years, there must be sufficient evidence to support our actions. The Campbell Collaboration has committed to providing this evidence by publishing systematic reviews and evidence-gap maps that advance the SDGs in our <i>2023–2025 strategy</i> (https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Campbell-strategy-2023-2025-public-draft.pdf).</p><p>The virtual issue that follows provides crucial evidence for decision-makers in SDG progress areas, specifically climate action, gender equality, peace and justice, clean water and sanitation, no poverty, zero hunger, reduced inequalities, good health and well-being, decent work and economic growth, quality education, and sustainable cities and communities. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a world where no one is left behind.</p><p>This collection aims to uphold <i>SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities</i> by exemplifying the diversity of our author teams, including teams from India, China, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Argentina, and Kenya, and established scholars as well as early career researchers and graduate trainees. Over half of these reviews were funded by national research funding bodies or evidence intermediaries. We welcome proposals for evidence synthesis and methodological research, as well as new editors and peer referees. Our growing early career research network aims to involve evidence-synthesis researchers from all backgrounds. Get in touch if you are interested! <span>[email protected]</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Adults experiencing homelessness in high-income countries are more likely to have mental ill-health and engage in problematic substance use. They are also more likely to experience challenges when accessing services. Psychosocial interventions are increasingly used with this group. Most of the evidence around these interventions is not specific to their use with adults experiencing homelessness.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>To summarise the best available evidence of the views and experiences of adults experiencing homelessness in high-income countries about psychosocial interventions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Search Methods</h3> <p>This review is based on evidence identified in an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) on interventions for people experiencing homelessness. The EGM searches were conducted in September 2021. Additionally, we undertook a call for evidence and hand searches of key journals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Selection Criteria</h3> <p>We included qualitative data from studies of psychosocial interventions. Participants were adults aged 18+ experiencing homelessness in high-income countries. Only studies that reported the views, opinions, perceptions, and experiences of participants were included.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Data Collection and Analysis</h3> <p>Of the 468 studies originally screened, 17 were eligible for full-text review, which was undertaken independently by two reviewers. Ten were excluded at this stage, and seven were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Analysis was undertaken using thematic synthesis in three stages: (1) findings data were extracted from studies. Two reviewers independently extracted findings from included studies. These were compared and agreed on which findings to include for analysis; (2) two reviewers gave each line of extracted data a descriptive code (a short descriptive summary). These were compared and a set of codes for inclusion in the next stage of analysis was agreed; (3) the reviewers iteratively examined the descriptive themes, inferring from these themes the experiences of participants and their perceptions of how the intervention worked for them. These analytical themes were discussed with a panel of people with experience of homelessness.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Results</h3> <p>Seven studies wer
{"title":"The Experiences of Adults Experiencing Homelessness When Accessing and Using Psychosocial Interventions: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Evidence Synthesis","authors":"Chris O'Leary, Esther Coren, Anton Roberts","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults experiencing homelessness in high-income countries are more likely to have mental ill-health and engage in problematic substance use. They are also more likely to experience challenges when accessing services. Psychosocial interventions are increasingly used with this group. Most of the evidence around these interventions is not specific to their use with adults experiencing homelessness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To summarise the best available evidence of the views and experiences of adults experiencing homelessness in high-income countries about psychosocial interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review is based on evidence identified in an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) on interventions for people experiencing homelessness. The EGM searches were conducted in September 2021. Additionally, we undertook a call for evidence and hand searches of key journals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection Criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included qualitative data from studies of psychosocial interventions. Participants were adults aged 18+ experiencing homelessness in high-income countries. Only studies that reported the views, opinions, perceptions, and experiences of participants were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Collection and Analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 468 studies originally screened, 17 were eligible for full-text review, which was undertaken independently by two reviewers. Ten were excluded at this stage, and seven were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Analysis was undertaken using thematic synthesis in three stages: (1) findings data were extracted from studies. Two reviewers independently extracted findings from included studies. These were compared and agreed on which findings to include for analysis; (2) two reviewers gave each line of extracted data a descriptive code (a short descriptive summary). These were compared and a set of codes for inclusion in the next stage of analysis was agreed; (3) the reviewers iteratively examined the descriptive themes, inferring from these themes the experiences of participants and their perceptions of how the intervention worked for them. These analytical themes were discussed with a panel of people with experience of homelessness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven studies wer","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghayda Hassan, Sébastien Brouillette-Alarie, Kurt Braddock, Sarah Carthy, Wynnpaul Varela, Pablo Madriaza, Paul Gill
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of this project is to gather, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence about the effectiveness of government-led communication campaigns geared toward preventing violent extremism.
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Government-Led Communication Campaigns for Reducing Violent Extremism − A Systematic Review","authors":"Ghayda Hassan, Sébastien Brouillette-Alarie, Kurt Braddock, Sarah Carthy, Wynnpaul Varela, Pablo Madriaza, Paul Gill","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of this project is to gather, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence about the effectiveness of government-led communication campaigns geared toward preventing violent extremism.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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