Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173828
Haonan Wang , Tianyi Li , Lei Wang , Xuling Han , Renjie Li , Mingjun Liu , Fei Wang , Changping Wang , Xiaolin Yan , Mingyue Ruan , Qiang Li
Double perovskite Gd2CrMnO6, characterized by strong 3d–4f exchange coupling and intrinsic B-site disorder, exhibits complex low-temperature magnetic behavior. We achieve effective magnetic-property tuning and a remarkable enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) by controlling the grain size via high-energy ball milling. Structural analyses confirm that the orthorhombic Pbnm phase is preserved after milling. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that decreasing grain size suppresses long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order while promoting surface ferromagnetic clusters, leading to the disappearance of Griffiths-like behavior in nanosized samples. ESR spectra of the 24 h-milled specimen display a single paramagnetic resonance with g ≈ 1.98, further evidencing the collapse of AFM order. The maximum magnetic-entropy change increases from 13.5 J kg−1 K−1 for the bulk to 21.1 J kg−1 K−1 at 7 T and 3 K after 24 h milling, without any detectable hysteresis. This remarkable enhancement arises from weakened AFM coupling and the increased density of weakly coupled surface spins, offering a viable pathway for optimizing cryogenic magnetic refrigeration in double perovskite oxides.
{"title":"Optimizing the magnetocaloric effect in Gd2CrMnO6 through controlled grain size reduction","authors":"Haonan Wang , Tianyi Li , Lei Wang , Xuling Han , Renjie Li , Mingjun Liu , Fei Wang , Changping Wang , Xiaolin Yan , Mingyue Ruan , Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double perovskite Gd<sub>2</sub>CrMnO<sub>6</sub>, characterized by strong 3d–4f exchange coupling and intrinsic B-site disorder, exhibits complex low-temperature magnetic behavior. We achieve effective magnetic-property tuning and a remarkable enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) by controlling the grain size via high-energy ball milling. Structural analyses confirm that the orthorhombic <em>Pbnm</em> phase is preserved after milling. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that decreasing grain size suppresses long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order while promoting surface ferromagnetic clusters, leading to the disappearance of Griffiths-like behavior in nanosized samples. ESR spectra of the 24 h-milled specimen display a single paramagnetic resonance with g ≈ 1.98, further evidencing the collapse of AFM order. The maximum magnetic-entropy change increases from 13.5 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> for the bulk to 21.1 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 7 T and 3 K after 24 h milling, without any detectable hysteresis. This remarkable enhancement arises from weakened AFM coupling and the increased density of weakly coupled surface spins, offering a viable pathway for optimizing cryogenic magnetic refrigeration in double perovskite oxides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173829
Zihao Ma , Renjie Chen , Xu Tang , Wenzong Yin , Ge Dai , Yeyuan Du , Jinyun Ju , Aru Yan
SmFe12-based compounds with the ThMn12-type structure are considered promising candidates for next-generation permanent magnets due to their low rare-earth content and high intrinsic magnetic properties. However, their practical applications are hindered by the metastable nature of the SmFe12 phase, particularly its poor phase stability, which significantly limits the development of macroscopic magnetic performance, especially coercivity. In this study, by incorporating Gd as a substituent for Sm and precisely controlling the cooling rate during melt spinning along with subsequent annealing, we achieved a high coercivity of 5.1 kOe and a remanence of 8.04 kGs in Sm1-xGdₓ(Fe0.8Co0.2)11Ti melt-spun ribbons. The favorable magnetic properties are attributed to the stabilization of the SmFe12 main phase, the formation of a paramagnetic (Fe, Co)2Ti phase, and the magnetic isolation effect of the Sm-rich grain boundary phase. These findings provide important insights for further optimizing the performance of SmFe12-based permanent magnets through microstructural regulation.
{"title":"Effects of Gd doping on phase composition and magnetic properties of Sm1-xGdx(Fe0.8Co0.2)11Ti melt-spun ribbons","authors":"Zihao Ma , Renjie Chen , Xu Tang , Wenzong Yin , Ge Dai , Yeyuan Du , Jinyun Ju , Aru Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SmFe<sub>12</sub>-based compounds with the ThMn<sub>12</sub>-type structure are considered promising candidates for next-generation permanent magnets due to their low rare-earth content and high intrinsic magnetic properties. However, their practical applications are hindered by the metastable nature of the SmFe<sub>12</sub> phase, particularly its poor phase stability, which significantly limits the development of macroscopic magnetic performance, especially coercivity. In this study, by incorporating Gd as a substituent for Sm and precisely controlling the cooling rate during melt spinning along with subsequent annealing, we achieved a high coercivity of 5.1 kOe and a remanence of 8.04 kGs in Sm<sub>1-x</sub>Gdₓ(Fe<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>11</sub>Ti melt-spun ribbons. The favorable magnetic properties are attributed to the stabilization of the SmFe<sub>12</sub> main phase, the formation of a paramagnetic (Fe, Co)<sub>2</sub>Ti phase, and the magnetic isolation effect of the Sm-rich grain boundary phase. These findings provide important insights for further optimizing the performance of SmFe<sub>12</sub>-based permanent magnets through microstructural regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173825
Connor J. Wood, Robert E. Camley
We analyze the nonlinear behavior of two ferromagnetic films which are antiferromagnetically coupled. The resulting equations are solved numerically to determine what would be measured in magnetic resonance or pulse inductive microwave magnetometry experiments. We find a strong, power-dependent, hysteresis in the resonant absorption that is dependent on whether one scans upwards or downwards in frequency, which can extend over 14 GHz in some cases. We show that the hysteretic behavior is due to a dynamically modified canting angle that deviates from the equilibrium value found for the linear solutions. In addition, we look at the spectral decomposition to analyze how energy is transformed. For nonlinear modes, we find major differences between the driving frequency and the frequencies of the resonance modes which are ultimately created. This includes a down-conversion from a 13.5 GHz driving signal to a 1.5 GHz resonance frequency, as well as half frequency responses. Our synchronization studies dramatically illustrate the limits of the linear and nonlinear regions in terms of initial amplitudes and time evolution of the correlation between the two films moments.
{"title":"Nonlinear resonance in antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic bilayers: Hysteresis, spectral response, and synchronization","authors":"Connor J. Wood, Robert E. Camley","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze the nonlinear behavior of two ferromagnetic films which are antiferromagnetically coupled. The resulting equations are solved numerically to determine what would be measured in magnetic resonance or pulse inductive microwave magnetometry experiments. We find a strong, power-dependent, hysteresis in the resonant absorption that is dependent on whether one scans upwards or downwards in frequency, which can extend over 14 GHz in some cases. We show that the hysteretic behavior is due to a dynamically modified canting angle that deviates from the equilibrium value found for the linear solutions. In addition, we look at the spectral decomposition to analyze how energy is transformed. For nonlinear modes, we find major differences between the driving frequency and the frequencies of the resonance modes which are ultimately created. This includes a down-conversion from a 13.5 GHz driving signal to a 1.5 GHz resonance frequency, as well as half frequency responses. Our synchronization studies dramatically illustrate the limits of the linear and nonlinear regions in terms of initial amplitudes and time evolution of the correlation between the two films moments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173817
Huanze Liu , Lingsi Sun , Runyu Wang , Yiqing Zou , Xinjun Wu
Bridge cables, as one of the critical load-bearing elements in cable-stayed bridges, are prone to hidden internal defects that are difficult to detect. In conventional magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, the magnetic field decays rapidly with depth, which hinders defect localization. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a defect localization method based on multi-component MFL signals. Based on the magnetic dipole model (MDM) of a single broken wire, the spatial-domain summation preprocessing in the circumferential direction is proposed to enhance weak responses. For axial localization, cross-validation of the summed differential axial component and the radial component improves robustness. In addition, an asymmetric peak–valley full width at half-maximum (APV-FWHM) feature is introduced for depth localization, which reduces amplitude dependence and decouples depth localization from circumferential positioning. In order to validate the method, an experimental platform for bridge cable based on MFL testing was established. Experimental validation on a PECS7–127 cable successfully detected all broken-wire defects at depths of up to 42 mm with a 95% confidence interval of 97.9–100%. The axial localization results from different components indicated strong consistency, reaching 94.9% accuracy within a ± 5 mm tolerance. In addition, circumferential defect regions were effectively identified, and radial localization achieved 97.7% accuracy when a tolerance of ±1 layer was permitted. These findings provide preliminary validation of the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method for testing and localizing a single broken wire defect in bridge cables using multi-component MFL signals.
{"title":"A novel broken wire localization method for bridge cables based on multi-component magnetic flux leakage testing","authors":"Huanze Liu , Lingsi Sun , Runyu Wang , Yiqing Zou , Xinjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridge cables, as one of the critical load-bearing elements in cable-stayed bridges, are prone to hidden internal defects that are difficult to detect. In conventional magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, the magnetic field decays rapidly with depth, which hinders defect localization. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a defect localization method based on multi-component MFL signals. Based on the magnetic dipole model (MDM) of a single broken wire, the spatial-domain summation preprocessing in the circumferential direction is proposed to enhance weak responses. For axial localization, cross-validation of the summed differential axial component and the radial component improves robustness. In addition, an asymmetric peak–valley full width at half-maximum (APV-FWHM) feature is introduced for depth localization, which reduces amplitude dependence and decouples depth localization from circumferential positioning. In order to validate the method, an experimental platform for bridge cable based on MFL testing was established. Experimental validation on a PECS7–127 cable successfully detected all broken-wire defects at depths of up to 42 mm with a 95% confidence interval of 97.9–100%. The axial localization results from different components indicated strong consistency, reaching 94.9% accuracy within a ± 5 mm tolerance. In addition, circumferential defect regions were effectively identified, and radial localization achieved 97.7% accuracy when a tolerance of ±1 layer was permitted. These findings provide preliminary validation of the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method for testing and localizing a single broken wire defect in bridge cables using multi-component MFL signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173826
Xijia Chen, Junmiao Lin, Xiaoli Gong, Liyao Zhu, Lingwei Li
A number of Gd-incorporated magnetic solids have been recently determined with respect to their magnetocaloric performances, which are attempted to identify candidate magnetocaloric materials for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration (MR) application and unveil their intrinsic magneto-thermal properties. We herein synthesized the single-phased Gd2NbLaO7 compound by a solid-state reaction method and experimentally unveiled its structural, chemical states, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The Gd2NbLaO7 compound is crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with C2221 space group. The consistent elementals in Gd2NbLaO7 compound all distribute uniformly and with the valence states as Gd3+, Nb5+, La3+, and O2−, respectively. Large reversible cryogenic magnetocaloric effects with notable performances in Gd2NbLaO7 compound were realized. The maximum magnetic entropy change and refrigerant capacity/relative cooling power (magnetic field variation of 0–7 T) of Gd2NbLaO7 compound are identified to be 35.18 J kg−1 K−1 and 248.42/330.51 J kg−1, respectively, which surpass most of recently updated Gd-incorporated magnetic solids with notable magnetocaloric performances, making present Gd2NbLaO7 compound also considerable for cryogenic MR applications.
最近，研究人员测定了一些含有gd的磁性固体的磁热性能，试图确定用于低温磁制冷（MR）应用的候选磁热材料，并揭示其固有的磁热性能。本文采用固相反应法合成了单相Gd2NbLaO7化合物，并通过实验揭示了其结构、化学状态、磁性和磁热学性质。Gd2NbLaO7化合物结晶为具有C2221空间基的正交晶型结构。Gd2NbLaO7化合物中一致元素分布均匀，价态分别为Gd3+、Nb5+、La3+和O2−。在Gd2NbLaO7化合物中实现了具有显著性能的大可逆低温磁热效应。Gd2NbLaO7化合物的最大磁熵变化和制冷剂容量/相对冷却功率（0-7 T的磁场变化）分别为35.18 J kg - 1 K - 1和248.42/330.51 J kg - 1，超过了最近更新的大多数具有显着磁热性能的gd掺杂磁性固体，使该化合物在低温MR应用中也相当可观。
{"title":"Magnetic properties and cryogenic magnetocaloric performances in Gd2NbLaO7 compound","authors":"Xijia Chen, Junmiao Lin, Xiaoli Gong, Liyao Zhu, Lingwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A number of Gd-incorporated magnetic solids have been recently determined with respect to their magnetocaloric performances, which are attempted to identify candidate magnetocaloric materials for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration (MR) application and unveil their intrinsic magneto-thermal properties. We herein synthesized the single-phased Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound by a solid-state reaction method and experimentally unveiled its structural, chemical states, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound is crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with <em>C</em>222<sub>1</sub> space group. The consistent elementals in Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound all distribute uniformly and with the valence states as Gd<sup>3+</sup>, Nb<sup>5+</sup>, La<sup>3+</sup>, and O<sup>2−</sup>, respectively. Large reversible cryogenic magnetocaloric effects with notable performances in Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound were realized. The maximum magnetic entropy change and refrigerant capacity/relative cooling power (magnetic field variation of 0–7 T) of Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound are identified to be 35.18 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and 248.42/330.51 J kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which surpass most of recently updated Gd-incorporated magnetic solids with notable magnetocaloric performances, making present Gd<sub>2</sub>NbLaO<sub>7</sub> compound also considerable for cryogenic MR applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173768
Amal Homri , Jose Ordonez-Miranda , Ouissem Jalled , Jemai Dhahri , Jean Juraszek
A novel multi-cation substituted M-type hexaferrite, BaFe11.6Mg0.05Mn0.05Ti0.2Ni0.1O19 (BFMMTNO), was synthesized via the conventional solid-state route and sintered at high temperature to explore its structural, morphological, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The partial replacement of Fe3+ ions with Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Ti4+ was designed to tailor magnetic anisotropy and enhance magnetic performance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase hexagonal magnetoplumbite structure with high crystallinity and an average crystallite size of 87 nm. SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM analyses revealed well-defined grains and excellent lattice ordering. Raman spectroscopy detected subtle lattice distortions arising from multi-site cation substitution, reflecting its influence on the magnetic framework.
Mössbauer spectroscopy further confirmed the redistribution of Fe3+ ions among the crystallographic sites and revealed a significant reduction in hyperfine magnetic fields induced by multi-cation substitution. Magnetic characterization demonstrated a coercivity of 2.26 kOe, a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of 7.81 × 105 erg/cm3, and a saturation magnetization of 69.36 emu/g. The compound also exhibited promising magnetocaloric behavior, with a maximum magnetic entropy change (ΔSₘ) of 2.43 J/kg·K and a relative cooling power (RCP) of ∼187 J/kg.
These findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-cation substitution in tuning the structural and magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrites, underscoring their potential for advanced solid-state magnetic refrigeration applications.
{"title":"Structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric performance of BaFe11.6Mg0.05Mn0.05Ti0.2Ni0.1O19 M type hexaferrite","authors":"Amal Homri , Jose Ordonez-Miranda , Ouissem Jalled , Jemai Dhahri , Jean Juraszek","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel multi-cation substituted M-type hexaferrite, BaFe<sub>11.6</sub>Mg<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (BFMMTNO), was synthesized via the conventional solid-state route and sintered at high temperature to explore its structural, morphological, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. The partial replacement of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions with Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Ti<sup>4+</sup> was designed to tailor magnetic anisotropy and enhance magnetic performance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase hexagonal magnetoplumbite structure with high crystallinity and an average crystallite size of 87 nm. SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM analyses revealed well-defined grains and excellent lattice ordering. Raman spectroscopy detected subtle lattice distortions arising from multi-site cation substitution, reflecting its influence on the magnetic framework.</div><div>Mössbauer spectroscopy further confirmed the redistribution of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions among the crystallographic sites and revealed a significant reduction in hyperfine magnetic fields induced by multi-cation substitution. Magnetic characterization demonstrated a coercivity of 2.26 kOe, a strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of 7.81 × 10<sup>5</sup> erg/cm<sup>3</sup>, and a saturation magnetization of 69.36 emu/g. The compound also exhibited promising magnetocaloric behavior, with a maximum magnetic entropy change (ΔSₘ) of 2.43 J/kg·K and a relative cooling power (RCP) of ∼187 J/kg.</div><div>These findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-cation substitution in tuning the structural and magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrites, underscoring their potential for advanced solid-state magnetic refrigeration applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173818
Tan Hu, Yujie Yang, Zhihao Geng, Shaofan Ge, Hongyu Ding
To enhance the magnetic properties of ferrites, Ni0.50Zn0.4+xMg0.10Fe1.96-2xTixO4 (x = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18) ferrite samples were prepared using the solid-phase sintering method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that all samples possessed a single spinel phase. Magnetization (M-H) curves indicated that the NiZnMgTi ferrites exhibited low remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc), demonstrating their typical soft magnetic characteristics. The sample with x = 0.06 exhibited superior magnetic properties. Compared to the undoped sample (x = 0), its real part permeability (μ’) showed significant enhancement. At 1000 kHz, the μ’ value for x = 0 was 137.5, while for x = 0.06, it reached 176.9. Furthermore, the core loss (Pcv) at 1000 kHz for the x = 0.06 composition was 668.1 mW/cm3, representing an approximately 20% reduction compared to the 838.6 mW/cm3 loss of the undoped sample (x = 0). These findings suggest that the substitution of Zn2+ and Ti4+ ions for a small portion of the Fe ions is beneficial for improving the permeability and reducing the power loss in NiZnMgTi ferrites, providing a valuable reference for optimizing ferrite magnetic properties.
{"title":"Effect of Ti4+ and Zn2+ ion contents on the magnetic properties of NiZnMgTi ferrite","authors":"Tan Hu, Yujie Yang, Zhihao Geng, Shaofan Ge, Hongyu Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the magnetic properties of ferrites, Ni<sub>0.50</sub>Zn<sub>0.4+x</sub>Mg<sub>0.10</sub>Fe<sub>1.96-2x</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18) ferrite samples were prepared using the solid-phase sintering method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that all samples possessed a single spinel phase. Magnetization (<em>M</em>-<em>H</em>) curves indicated that the NiZnMgTi ferrites exhibited low remanent magnetization (<em>M</em><sub>r</sub>) and coercivity (<em>H</em><sub>c</sub>), demonstrating their typical soft magnetic characteristics. The sample with x = 0.06 exhibited superior magnetic properties. Compared to the undoped sample (x = 0), its real part permeability (<em>μ’</em>) showed significant enhancement. At 1000 kHz, the <em>μ’</em> value for x = 0 was 137.5, while for x = 0.06, it reached 176.9. Furthermore, the core loss (<em>P</em><sub>cv</sub>) at 1000 kHz for the x = 0.06 composition was 668.1 mW/cm<sup>3</sup>, representing an approximately 20% reduction compared to the 838.6 mW/cm<sup>3</sup> loss of the undoped sample (x = 0). These findings suggest that the substitution of Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Ti<sup>4+</sup> ions for a small portion of the Fe ions is beneficial for improving the permeability and reducing the power loss in NiZnMgTi ferrites, providing a valuable reference for optimizing ferrite magnetic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high entropized RT3 intermetallic compounds (R = rare-earth, T = 3d transition metal), which are designed by equiatomic ratios at R and T sites with high entropy ranging from 1.10R to 6.88R based on the thermodynamic theory of high entropy, are prepared by using arc melting and vacuum heat-treatment technology. The high entropized RT3 is verified to be a single phase by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld structural refinement. The high entropization not only can stabilize the unstable RFe3(R = light rare earth) phase, but also induces a magneto-crystalline anisotropy transition from easy axial to basal plane magnetizing direction. The high entropized RT3 intermetallic compounds exhibit hard magnetic characteristics with coercivity ranging from 6.12 kOe to 1.83 kOe at low temperature, with exception for soft magnetic Gd(Co1/3Fe1/3Ni1/3)3. The magnetizing curve of high entropized RT3 follows a mixed model of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties at room temperature, and the magnetization is significantly enhanced by the modulation of high entropized light rare earth at R site, which is due to the randomly site-dependent spin-arrangements of rare earth and transition metal, and thus can modulate the indirect 4f-3d exchange interaction. The magnetic properties of RT3 are improved by high entropization, and have the potential applications in hard magnetic devices, magnetic refrigeration, and magnetic modulated hydrogen storage.
{"title":"High entropy modulated structure and magnetic properties of RT3(R = rare earth; T = 3d transition metal) intermetallic compounds","authors":"Boyang Li, Yongquan Guo, Wei Liu, Yichen Feng, Xinze Wang, Wei Tang, Xinqi Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high entropized RT<sub>3</sub> intermetallic compounds (R = rare-earth, <em>T</em> = 3d transition metal), which are designed by equiatomic ratios at R and T sites with high entropy ranging from 1.10<em>R</em> to 6.88<em>R</em> based on the thermodynamic theory of high entropy, are prepared by using arc melting and vacuum heat-treatment technology. The high entropized RT<sub>3</sub> is verified to be a single phase by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld structural refinement. The high entropization not only can stabilize the unstable RFe<sub>3</sub>(R = light rare earth) phase, but also induces a magneto-crystalline anisotropy transition from easy axial to basal plane magnetizing direction. The high entropized RT<sub>3</sub> intermetallic compounds exhibit hard magnetic characteristics with coercivity ranging from 6.12 kOe to 1.83 kOe at low temperature, with exception for soft magnetic Gd(Co<sub>1/3</sub>Fe<sub>1/3</sub>Ni<sub>1/3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. The magnetizing curve of high entropized RT<sub>3</sub> follows a mixed model of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties at room temperature, and the magnetization is significantly enhanced by the modulation of high entropized light rare earth at R site, which is due to the randomly site-dependent spin-arrangements of rare earth and transition metal, and thus can modulate the indirect 4<em>f</em>-3<em>d</em> exchange interaction. The magnetic properties of RT<sub>3</sub> are improved by high entropization, and have the potential applications in hard magnetic devices, magnetic refrigeration, and magnetic modulated hydrogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173810
Norah Algethami
A recent article systematically investigated the electronic behavior, Curie temperature, spin polarization, magnetic, thermoelectric, mechanical, and thermodynamic aspects of Ba2XWO6 (X = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) by the use of Wien2K and BoltzTraP codes. The comparatively larger energy release in ferromagnetic states than in antiferromagnetic states (A-, C-, G-) ensures the stability of FM states. Moreover, the tolerance factor, formation energy, and the phonon dispersion band structures confirm the ferromagnetic states' structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic stability. The empirical relation of Heisenberg and band structure analysis measures the ferromagnetism above room temperature and 100 % spin polarization (SP = 1.0). Furthermore, the hybridization of individual density of atomic states, double exchange, and exchange are also briefly focused on the nature of ferromagnetism and the exchange function of 3d/4d electrons' spin. Ferromagnetism is caused by the exchange of electrons, not by magnetic ion clustering, which has been revealed by shifting the magnetic moment from X (5.0 to 2.0) μB and W sites to Ba and O sites. In addition, the effect of thermal conductivity, lattice vibration, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity on the spin degree of freedom of electrons has been explored for both spin (↑) and spin (↓) arrangements. The power factor and figure of merit (1.58, 1.37, 1.34, 1.33) calculate the performance of these DPs for energy harvesting. Finally, the elastic constants satisfy the Born criteria and show a ductile nature. The large melting and Debye temperature, hardness, and minimum lattice thermal conductivity have also increased the importance of these materials for spintronic applications.
{"title":"First principle study of physical aspect and role of 3d/4d electrons in ferromagnetism in Ba2XWO6 (X = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) for spintronic applications","authors":"Norah Algethami","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent article systematically investigated the electronic behavior, Curie temperature, spin polarization, magnetic, thermoelectric, mechanical, and thermodynamic aspects of Ba<sub>2</sub>XWO<sub>6</sub> (X = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) by the use of Wien2K and BoltzTraP codes. The comparatively larger energy release in ferromagnetic states than in antiferromagnetic states (A-, C-, G-) ensures the stability of FM states. Moreover, the tolerance factor, formation energy, and the phonon dispersion band structures confirm the ferromagnetic states' structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic stability. The empirical relation of Heisenberg and band structure analysis measures the ferromagnetism above room temperature and 100 % spin polarization (SP = 1.0). Furthermore, the hybridization of individual density of atomic states, double exchange, and exchange are also briefly focused on the nature of ferromagnetism and the exchange function of 3d/4d electrons' spin. Ferromagnetism is caused by the exchange of electrons, not by magnetic ion clustering, which has been revealed by shifting the magnetic moment from X (5.0 to 2.0) μ<sub>B</sub> and W sites to Ba and O sites. In addition, the effect of thermal conductivity, lattice vibration, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity on the spin degree of freedom of electrons has been explored for both spin (↑) and spin (↓) arrangements. The power factor and figure of merit (1.58, 1.37, 1.34, 1.33) calculate the performance of these DPs for energy harvesting. Finally, the elastic constants satisfy the Born criteria and show a ductile nature. The large melting and Debye temperature, hardness, and minimum lattice thermal conductivity have also increased the importance of these materials for spintronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173815
Zhengang Zhao , Kuisong Yang , Junjiang Shi , Yinjie Hou , Chuan Luo
In this paper, we propose and design a novel fluxgate current sensor with low inter-coil coupling. The design has an openable structure that allows rapid installation and removal without interrupting the circuit. The design achieves a closed rectangular magnetic core by optimizing a parallel dual-core configuration. The physical separation between the excitation flux and the induction path enables the formation of a closed magnetic circuit and the implementation of low-coupling coil arrangements, effectively suppressing electromagnetic interference while maintaining strong flux modulation capability. The operational principle of the sensor probe is first derived analytically, followed by the development of a finite element simulation model of the fluxgate probe. The magnetic coupling characteristics of sensors employing two distinct winding configurations are compared and analyzed, and two prototypes are fabricated and tested for performance evaluation. Experimental results indicate that the sensor with the proposed low inter-coil coupling structure has a linearity error of 0.169 %, a repeatability of 0.154 %, a sensitivity of 0.260 V/A. The overall absolute error is less than 8.5 mV, while the offset drift is 3.24 mV. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a measurement uncertainty of 0.307 % within a DC current range of ±10 A. This study provides novel insights into the design of high-performance, high-stability fluxgate current sensors, highlighting their potential for a wide range of engineering applications.
{"title":"Design of an openable structure fluxgate current sensor with low inter-coil coupling","authors":"Zhengang Zhao , Kuisong Yang , Junjiang Shi , Yinjie Hou , Chuan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.173815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose and design a novel fluxgate current sensor with low inter-coil coupling. The design has an openable structure that allows rapid installation and removal without interrupting the circuit. The design achieves a closed rectangular magnetic core by optimizing a parallel dual-core configuration. The physical separation between the excitation flux and the induction path enables the formation of a closed magnetic circuit and the implementation of low-coupling coil arrangements, effectively suppressing electromagnetic interference while maintaining strong flux modulation capability. The operational principle of the sensor probe is first derived analytically, followed by the development of a finite element simulation model of the fluxgate probe. The magnetic coupling characteristics of sensors employing two distinct winding configurations are compared and analyzed, and two prototypes are fabricated and tested for performance evaluation. Experimental results indicate that the sensor with the proposed low inter-coil coupling structure has a linearity error of 0.169 %, a repeatability of 0.154 %, a sensitivity of 0.260 V/A. The overall absolute error is less than 8.5 mV, while the offset drift is 3.24 mV. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a measurement uncertainty of 0.307 % within a DC current range of ±10 A. This study provides novel insights into the design of high-performance, high-stability fluxgate current sensors, highlighting their potential for a wide range of engineering applications<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"641 ","pages":"Article 173815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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