Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2200022
Reda Khalid, M. Naeem, W. Ejaz
Wireless networks are expected to provide unlimited connectivity to an increasing number of heterogeneous devices. Future wireless networks (sixth-generation (6G)) will accomplish this in three-dimensional (3D) space by combining terrestrial and aerial networks. However, effective resource optimization and standardization in future wireless networks are challenging because of massive resource-constrained devices, diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and a high density of heterogeneous devices. Despite extensive research efforts, a sophisticated technical approach to support massive connectivity through sustainable terrestrial and aerial networks has not yet been developed. Driven by this, we provide a review of autonomous aerial networks (AANs) with wireless power transfer (WPT), which can autonomously modify radio parameters and sustain their resource usage and management (power transfer, exploiting spectrum). We discuss the architecture of AANs with WPT to emphasize its essential aspects. We then provide a summary of standardization activities for the success of AANs with WPT. We discuss resource optimization for AANs with WPT and its challenges. Following that, we provide a case study to maximize the computing efficiency of AANs with WPT. Finally, we discuss potential future research areas for the broad use of AANs with WPT.
{"title":"Autonomous Aerial Networks with Wireless Power Transfer: Resource Optimization, Standardization, and Challenges","authors":"Reda Khalid, M. Naeem, W. Ejaz","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2200022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2200022","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networks are expected to provide unlimited connectivity to an increasing number of heterogeneous devices. Future wireless networks (sixth-generation (6G)) will accomplish this in three-dimensional (3D) space by combining terrestrial and aerial networks. However, effective resource optimization and standardization in future wireless networks are challenging because of massive resource-constrained devices, diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and a high density of heterogeneous devices. Despite extensive research efforts, a sophisticated technical approach to support massive connectivity through sustainable terrestrial and aerial networks has not yet been developed. Driven by this, we provide a review of autonomous aerial networks (AANs) with wireless power transfer (WPT), which can autonomously modify radio parameters and sustain their resource usage and management (power transfer, exploiting spectrum). We discuss the architecture of AANs with WPT to emphasize its essential aspects. We then provide a summary of standardization activities for the success of AANs with WPT. We discuss resource optimization for AANs with WPT and its challenges. Following that, we provide a case study to maximize the computing efficiency of AANs with WPT. Finally, we discuss potential future research areas for the broad use of AANs with WPT.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9927256
K. Dev, Yang Xiao, Ursula Challita, C. D. Alwis, M. Magarini
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Autonomous Networks: Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications","authors":"K. Dev, Yang Xiao, Ursula Challita, C. D. Alwis, M. Magarini","doi":"10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9927256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9927256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"106 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79040117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100022
Yagmur Yigit, Bahadır Bal, Aytac Karameseoglu, T. Duong, B. Canberk
Existing distributed denial of service attack (DDoS) solutions cannot handle highly aggregated data rates; thus, they are unsuitable for Internet service provider (ISP) core networks. This article proposes a digital twin-enabled intelligent DDoS detection mechanism using an online learning method for autonomous systems. Our contributions are three-fold: we first design a DDoS detection architecture based on the digital twin for ISP core networks. We implemented a Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) model and an automated feature selection (AutoFS) module to handle core network data. We used an online learning approach to update the model instantly and efficiently, improve the learning model quickly, and ensure accurate predictions. Finally, we reveal that our proposed solution successfully detects DDoS attacks and updates the feature selection method and learning model with a true classification rate of ninety-seven percent. Our proposed solution can estimate the attack within approximately fifteen minutes after the DDoS attack starts.
{"title":"Digital Twin-Enabled Intelligent DDoS Detection Mechanism for Autonomous Core Networks","authors":"Yagmur Yigit, Bahadır Bal, Aytac Karameseoglu, T. Duong, B. Canberk","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100022","url":null,"abstract":"Existing distributed denial of service attack (DDoS) solutions cannot handle highly aggregated data rates; thus, they are unsuitable for Internet service provider (ISP) core networks. This article proposes a digital twin-enabled intelligent DDoS detection mechanism using an online learning method for autonomous systems. Our contributions are three-fold: we first design a DDoS detection architecture based on the digital twin for ISP core networks. We implemented a Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) model and an automated feature selection (AutoFS) module to handle core network data. We used an online learning approach to update the model instantly and efficiently, improve the learning model quickly, and ensure accurate predictions. Finally, we reveal that our proposed solution successfully detects DDoS attacks and updates the feature selection method and learning model with a true classification rate of ninety-seven percent. Our proposed solution can estimate the attack within approximately fifteen minutes after the DDoS attack starts.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47615368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100084
Kaiwen Huang, Lei Huang, Yingqiao Quan, Haoyu Du, Chaoming Luo, Liuming Lu, Ronghui Hou
Multi-link Operation (MLO) was introduced into 802.11be as a promising technology to improve throughput and provide Quality of Services (QoS) guarantees. In this article, we start by introducing the multi-link transmission issues for MLO. Particularly, we focus on the channel access issue, and we present the recently proposed channel access schemes in the latest 802.11 draft. More importantly, we propose the novel channel access schemes under the three different scenarios to increase the link utilization. Finally, we conduct simulations to demonstrate that the multi-link transmission can effectively improve the throughput performance.
{"title":"Mutli-Link Channel Access Schemes for IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput","authors":"Kaiwen Huang, Lei Huang, Yingqiao Quan, Haoyu Du, Chaoming Luo, Liuming Lu, Ronghui Hou","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100084","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-link Operation (MLO) was introduced into 802.11be as a promising technology to improve throughput and provide Quality of Services (QoS) guarantees. In this article, we start by introducing the multi-link transmission issues for MLO. Particularly, we focus on the channel access issue, and we present the recently proposed channel access schemes in the latest 802.11 draft. More importantly, we propose the novel channel access schemes under the three different scenarios to increase the link utilization. Finally, we conduct simulations to demonstrate that the multi-link transmission can effectively improve the throughput performance.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48275123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100109
Kai-Biao Lin, H. Wang, Bingcai Chen, G. Fortino
As development steadily advances and the capacity for practical applications grows, 5G networks are being deeply expanded in many fields, such as manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and agriculture. The rapid growth in the number of devices in application deployments is causing manual methods of managing resources to become inefficient and network operation costs to increase significantly. Therefore, autonomous networks framework that can adapt to dynamic network environments need to be designed to undertake network resource management. This paper investigates the characteristics of 5G networks, and a hypergraph-based 5G autonomous networks framework is proposed to achieve stable interconnection within the system. First, the network topology is accurately represented by introducing the concept of hypergraph, and an RL algorithm is used to optimize the management of network resources based on the network topology. Then, a BERT model is adopted for resource state awareness from the user satisfaction perspective, and a fuzzy decision based collaborative resource scheduling algorithm is designed to improve service quality. Finally, the key challenges that will still be faced and need to be further solved in the future development of 5G autonomous networks are deeply explored.
{"title":"Hypergraph-Based Autonomous Networks: Adaptive Resource Management and Dynamic Resource Scheduling","authors":"Kai-Biao Lin, H. Wang, Bingcai Chen, G. Fortino","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100109","url":null,"abstract":"As development steadily advances and the capacity for practical applications grows, 5G networks are being deeply expanded in many fields, such as manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and agriculture. The rapid growth in the number of devices in application deployments is causing manual methods of managing resources to become inefficient and network operation costs to increase significantly. Therefore, autonomous networks framework that can adapt to dynamic network environments need to be designed to undertake network resource management. This paper investigates the characteristics of 5G networks, and a hypergraph-based 5G autonomous networks framework is proposed to achieve stable interconnection within the system. First, the network topology is accurately represented by introducing the concept of hypergraph, and an RL algorithm is used to optimize the management of network resources based on the network topology. Then, a BERT model is adopted for resource state awareness from the user satisfaction perspective, and a fuzzy decision based collaborative resource scheduling algorithm is designed to improve service quality. Finally, the key challenges that will still be faced and need to be further solved in the future development of 5G autonomous networks are deeply explored.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46157351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100112
S. Das, K. Rege, J. Wullert, F.J. Suraci, A. Nguyen, Dawn Manga
Communication is a crucial capability for people with national security and emergency preparedness (NSEP)11For example, NSEP Services are available in the United States as Government Emergency Telecommunications Service and Wireless Priority Service (https://www.cisa.gov/priority-telecommunications-services). responsibilities. There are several scenarios where Wi-Fi22Wi-Fi is a brand name and a trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance (https://www.wi-fi.org/). access networks may provide the best or only means for NSEP users to access the global communication infrastructure. However, unless communications traffic associated with NSEP users receives priority access to the wireless medium, it could experience significant performance degradation if the access network, which might be shared with a large number of non-NSEP users, is congested. Realizing this need for priority treatment of NSEP users' traffic, efforts are underway to define a Multimedia Priority Service33To support MPS, priority access capabilities are also defined in 3GPP (see TS 22.153: Multimedia Priority Service). (NSEP priority access) within IEEE 802.11be: Enhancement for extremely high throughput (EHT) [1], a next generation amendment of the IEEE 802.11 standard [2]. The NSEP priority access features encompass medium access control layer capabilities for discovery, verification of NSEP authorization, and invocation/revocation of priority access, and a mechanism to provide priority channel access to NSEP users' traffic. They are specified in IEEE 802.11be generically as Emergency Preparedness Communication Service priority access features. The performance study described in this article demonstrates that even in heavily congested Wi-Fi networks it is possible, using a scheme within the quality of service framework specified in IEEE 802.11be, to provide priority to NSEP traffic with limited negative impact on non-priority real-time traffic.
{"title":"Multimedia Priority Service over Wi-Fi Networks","authors":"S. Das, K. Rege, J. Wullert, F.J. Suraci, A. Nguyen, Dawn Manga","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100112","url":null,"abstract":"Communication is a crucial capability for people with national security and emergency preparedness (NSEP)11For example, NSEP Services are available in the United States as Government Emergency Telecommunications Service and Wireless Priority Service (https://www.cisa.gov/priority-telecommunications-services). responsibilities. There are several scenarios where Wi-Fi22Wi-Fi is a brand name and a trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance (https://www.wi-fi.org/). access networks may provide the best or only means for NSEP users to access the global communication infrastructure. However, unless communications traffic associated with NSEP users receives priority access to the wireless medium, it could experience significant performance degradation if the access network, which might be shared with a large number of non-NSEP users, is congested. Realizing this need for priority treatment of NSEP users' traffic, efforts are underway to define a Multimedia Priority Service33To support MPS, priority access capabilities are also defined in 3GPP (see TS 22.153: Multimedia Priority Service). (NSEP priority access) within IEEE 802.11be: Enhancement for extremely high throughput (EHT) [1], a next generation amendment of the IEEE 802.11 standard [2]. The NSEP priority access features encompass medium access control layer capabilities for discovery, verification of NSEP authorization, and invocation/revocation of priority access, and a mechanism to provide priority channel access to NSEP users' traffic. They are specified in IEEE 802.11be generically as Emergency Preparedness Communication Service priority access features. The performance study described in this article demonstrates that even in heavily congested Wi-Fi networks it is possible, using a scheme within the quality of service framework specified in IEEE 802.11be, to provide priority to NSEP traffic with limited negative impact on non-priority real-time traffic.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"160 3","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41274016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100092
Andrew Lappalainen, Catherine Rosenberg
The digital divide between rural and urban communities is a significant problem in today's connected world. Until recently, infrastructure costs have limited how effectively fixed broad-band (FB) Internet services could be offered to rural regions. However, with 4G, a convergence between FB and mobile services has started to emerge via fixed wireless access (FWA), which has made it possible for operators to provide (limited) FB to rural communities using existing cellular infrastructure. To bridge the digital divide, rural FWA must be able to provide an end-to-end experience comparable to urban FB. In this regard, 4G is inadequate, but 5G can make a difference. In this article we examine how 5G FWA could truly enable FB in rural regions. We present improvements to each area of the 5G architecture, including new and upcoming advances in 3GPP Releases 16 and 17, and examine how they can benefit rural FWA users. Despite these advances, 5G operators will face a number of challenges in planning and operating rural FWA networks. Hence, the second objective of this article is to outline future research directions in this context.
{"title":"Can 5G Fixed Broadband Bridge the Rural Digital Divide?","authors":"Andrew Lappalainen, Catherine Rosenberg","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100092","url":null,"abstract":"The digital divide between rural and urban communities is a significant problem in today's connected world. Until recently, infrastructure costs have limited how effectively fixed broad-band (FB) Internet services could be offered to rural regions. However, with 4G, a convergence between FB and mobile services has started to emerge via fixed wireless access (FWA), which has made it possible for operators to provide (limited) FB to rural communities using existing cellular infrastructure. To bridge the digital divide, rural FWA must be able to provide an end-to-end experience comparable to urban FB. In this regard, 4G is inadequate, but 5G can make a difference. In this article we examine how 5G FWA could truly enable FB in rural regions. We present improvements to each area of the 5G architecture, including new and upcoming advances in 3GPP Releases 16 and 17, and examine how they can benefit rural FWA users. Despite these advances, 5G operators will face a number of challenges in planning and operating rural FWA networks. Hence, the second objective of this article is to outline future research directions in this context.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42779835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100093
L. Kao, W. Liao
The 5G private network is expected to provide low latency, high data rate, and improved security to meet various key requirements of enterprise vertical applications. However, existing 4G LTE or 5G private network multi-access edge computing solutions mainly focus on homogeneous systems and ignore the interoperability of various coexisting access technologies in the enterprise area. Therefore, their access domains are independent, and to communicate directly with each other is difficult without additional network components. In this article, we propose a novel mobile edge platform called multi-access intelligent A+ (MIA+), which has built-in support for service continuity and consistency of wireless connections in private 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets). We particularly demonstrate how to ensure that MIA+ provides customers with promised services in different access domains, including Wi-Fi, 4G LTE, 5G public bands, and 5G private bands. The services promised to MIA+ users include consistent service provisioning, seamless handover, interworking among various access domains, and seamless integration between 5G private band and public band systems. To demonstrate the flexibility and usability of the MIA+ system, a proof of concept has been tested in the Chunghwa Telecom (CHT) 5G experimental network in Taiwan. The results show that MIA+ is indeed an excellent solution for realizing private 5G HetNets.
{"title":"Multi-Access Intelligent A+: Ensuring Service Continuity and Consistency in Private 5G Heterogeneous Networks","authors":"L. Kao, W. Liao","doi":"10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100093","url":null,"abstract":"The 5G private network is expected to provide low latency, high data rate, and improved security to meet various key requirements of enterprise vertical applications. However, existing 4G LTE or 5G private network multi-access edge computing solutions mainly focus on homogeneous systems and ignore the interoperability of various coexisting access technologies in the enterprise area. Therefore, their access domains are independent, and to communicate directly with each other is difficult without additional network components. In this article, we propose a novel mobile edge platform called multi-access intelligent A+ (MIA+), which has built-in support for service continuity and consistency of wireless connections in private 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets). We particularly demonstrate how to ensure that MIA+ provides customers with promised services in different access domains, including Wi-Fi, 4G LTE, 5G public bands, and 5G private bands. The services promised to MIA+ users include consistent service provisioning, seamless handover, interworking among various access domains, and seamless integration between 5G private band and public band systems. To demonstrate the flexibility and usability of the MIA+ system, a proof of concept has been tested in the Chunghwa Telecom (CHT) 5G experimental network in Taiwan. The results show that MIA+ is indeed an excellent solution for realizing private 5G HetNets.","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"6 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45338263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9855464
M. Suarez
{"title":"Europe Must Act Now to Enable Next-generation Wi-Fi Activity","authors":"M. Suarez","doi":"10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9855464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2022.9855464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36719,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine","volume":"8 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86870157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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