Jude Ehwevwerhere Emurotu, Lami Habib, E. M. Dallatu, A. S. Onakpa, A. Pam
When consumed, the toxic heavy metals in chicken giblets pose a grave risk to humans. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Pb) in the liver, gizzard, and kidney of chickens from the Lokoja poultry market. Except for lead, which slightly exceeded the FAO/WHO limit of 0.1 mg kg-1, the metal concentrations found were all within the threshold limit. The estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) were used to assess the risks that humans would face from consuming the chicken giblets. The Nigerian population's daily consumption of the metals under study was found to be less than the allowable dietary intake levels established by several international organizations. The giblets' estimated HI, which accounts for all the metals present, is 1.05E-01, meaning that the current intake level of consuming the giblets is safe. The carcinogenic risk associated with hazardous metals exhibits values below the 10-4 US-EPA reference limit, except for Cr. The risk due to Cr can be classified as a tolerable risk as Cr values were marginally above the threshold limit. The result indicated that Cr (56% in gizzard and 67% in liver) exposure was the main contributor to the overall cancer risk from the lifetime ingestion of Lokoja chicken giblets. The findings could not be regarded as cause for concern since the values of EDI, HQ, HI, and CR calculated were below their respective reference limits. It suggests that heavy metal exposure through the intake of Lokoja chicken giblets is not likely to cause potential health risks to consumers.
{"title":"Exposure to Metal Accumulation in Chicken Giblets and Human Health Risk in Lokoja, Nigeria","authors":"Jude Ehwevwerhere Emurotu, Lami Habib, E. M. Dallatu, A. S. Onakpa, A. Pam","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024034","url":null,"abstract":"When consumed, the toxic heavy metals in chicken giblets pose a grave risk to humans. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Pb) in the liver, gizzard, and kidney of chickens from the Lokoja poultry market. Except for lead, which slightly exceeded the FAO/WHO limit of 0.1 mg kg-1, the metal concentrations found were all within the threshold limit. The estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) were used to assess the risks that humans would face from consuming the chicken giblets. The Nigerian population's daily consumption of the metals under study was found to be less than the allowable dietary intake levels established by several international organizations. The giblets' estimated HI, which accounts for all the metals present, is 1.05E-01, meaning that the current intake level of consuming the giblets is safe. The carcinogenic risk associated with hazardous metals exhibits values below the 10-4 US-EPA reference limit, except for Cr. The risk due to Cr can be classified as a tolerable risk as Cr values were marginally above the threshold limit. The result indicated that Cr (56% in gizzard and 67% in liver) exposure was the main contributor to the overall cancer risk from the lifetime ingestion of Lokoja chicken giblets. The findings could not be regarded as cause for concern since the values of EDI, HQ, HI, and CR calculated were below their respective reference limits. It suggests that heavy metal exposure through the intake of Lokoja chicken giblets is not likely to cause potential health risks to consumers.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigating the composition of household dust can provide crucial insights into potential environmental and health implications. This study aimed to determine the concentration of selected metals in 30 household floor dust samples collected from two cities in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Melaka and Butterworth. The samples were collected using nylon socks attached to a vacuum cleaner nozzle during January-February 2021. All samples were sieved through a 200-µm sieve, acid-digested with aqua regia, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean metal concentrations decreased in the order of Fe>Al>Mg>Zn>Mn>Ba>Cu>Cr>Pb. Cd was not detected in any samples. The median concentrations of Al, Ba, and Mg from Melaka were significantly higher than those from Butterworth. Hazard indexes for all metals were less than one, indicating a low noncarcinogenic risk of exposure to occupants via inhalation, dust ingestion, and skin absorption. Statistical analyses revealed that the levels of metals in household dust were influenced by factors such as the location and age of the house, the presence of air conditioning, and the time since the last paint. This study highlights the presence of metals in indoor settings of different cities in Malaysia, providing fundamental data for future research in the field.
{"title":"Metal Contamination in Household Dust and Their Health Risk Assessment: A Study in Two Malaysian Cities","authors":"Xin Yi Lim, Ting Fang Lye, Joo Hui Tay","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024032","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the composition of household dust can provide crucial insights into potential environmental and health implications. This study aimed to determine the concentration of selected metals in 30 household floor dust samples collected from two cities in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Melaka and Butterworth. The samples were collected using nylon socks attached to a vacuum cleaner nozzle during January-February 2021. All samples were sieved through a 200-µm sieve, acid-digested with aqua regia, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean metal concentrations decreased in the order of Fe>Al>Mg>Zn>Mn>Ba>Cu>Cr>Pb. Cd was not detected in any samples. The median concentrations of Al, Ba, and Mg from Melaka were significantly higher than those from Butterworth. Hazard indexes for all metals were less than one, indicating a low noncarcinogenic risk of exposure to occupants via inhalation, dust ingestion, and skin absorption. Statistical analyses revealed that the levels of metals in household dust were influenced by factors such as the location and age of the house, the presence of air conditioning, and the time since the last paint. This study highlights the presence of metals in indoor settings of different cities in Malaysia, providing fundamental data for future research in the field.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"36 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roel F. Ceballos, Rachell C. Gallano, Lenard D. Visaya
Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the air, which can seriously impact human health and the environment. Among the air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5, being a microscopic particle, poses serious health risks since it can enter the blood circulation and go deep into the lungs. PM 2.5 has been linked to several health problems, such as early mortality, problems with children's development, and unfavorable birth outcomes. In this regard, the study aims to investigate the relationship and effect of PM 2.5 on child respi-ratory illness and child mortality in the Philippines. Data on child respiratory illness and mortality were sourced from the 2022 Philippine National Demo-graphic and Health Survey by the Philippine Statistics Authority. PM 2.5 data was obtained from the official website of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB). Choropleth map, correlation plot, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that regions with the greatest number of highly urbanized cities and greater industrial and economic activities have higher levels of PM 2.5. The relationship is positive and significant between PM 2.5 and child respiratory illnesses. (Acute respiratory illness, r=0.87; Asthma, r=0.90) and child mortality (neonatal mortality, r=0.72; post neonatal mortality, r=0.71; under five mortality, r=0.61). As PM 2.5 levels increase, the rates of child respiratory illnesses and child mortality are also expected to increase. Mitigating elevated PM 2.5 levels in urban settings necessitates a collaborative approach involving government agencies, industries, communities, and individuals. By integrating regulatory measures, embracing technological innovations, fostering public awareness, and promoting community engagement, it is feasible to alleviate the adverse effects of air pollution on children's health and the general well-being of the public.
{"title":"Assessing the Relationship and Effect of Air Pollution [PM 2.5] on Child Respiratory Illness and Child Mortality in the Philippines","authors":"Roel F. Ceballos, Rachell C. Gallano, Lenard D. Visaya","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024033","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the air, which can seriously impact human health and the environment. Among the air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5, being a microscopic particle, poses serious health risks since it can enter the blood circulation and go deep into the lungs. PM 2.5 has been linked to several health problems, such as early mortality, problems with children's development, and unfavorable birth outcomes. In this regard, the study aims to investigate the relationship and effect of PM 2.5 on child respi-ratory illness and child mortality in the Philippines. Data on child respiratory illness and mortality were sourced from the 2022 Philippine National Demo-graphic and Health Survey by the Philippine Statistics Authority. PM 2.5 data was obtained from the official website of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB). Choropleth map, correlation plot, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that regions with the greatest number of highly urbanized cities and greater industrial and economic activities have higher levels of PM 2.5. The relationship is positive and significant between PM 2.5 and child respiratory illnesses. (Acute respiratory illness, r=0.87; Asthma, r=0.90) and child mortality (neonatal mortality, r=0.72; post neonatal mortality, r=0.71; under five mortality, r=0.61). As PM 2.5 levels increase, the rates of child respiratory illnesses and child mortality are also expected to increase. Mitigating elevated PM 2.5 levels in urban settings necessitates a collaborative approach involving government agencies, industries, communities, and individuals. By integrating regulatory measures, embracing technological innovations, fostering public awareness, and promoting community engagement, it is feasible to alleviate the adverse effects of air pollution on children's health and the general well-being of the public.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"50 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalysis is thought to be a long-term, environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and promising technique for treating wastewater. The development of semiconductor nanoparticles has generated a great deal of interest in the treatment of wastewater. To break down complex contaminants found in wastewater into simpler compounds, including H2O and CO2, several UV/visible light excitable nanomaterials have been explored as photocatalysts. Their effectiveness can be managed by adjusting several reaction-related parameters like the intensity of light, irradiance time, pH, catalyst dose, temperature, doping, etc. The performance of the photocatalyst in the photodegradation of contaminants is greatly affected by these parameters. The main goal of this study is to find the best operational parameters and their impact on the photocatalytic treatment of synthetic waste-water using calcium titanate (CaTiO3) nanoparticles. For this purpose, sol-gel synthesized CaTiO3 with a band gap of 3.57 eV was used. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles is smaller than 47.62 nm. The results of photocatalytic treatment of synthetic wastewater demonstrate that CaTiO3 exhibits its best photocatalytic performance at 33 W UV light, pH 6.0, and 3.33 g L-1 CaTiO3 dose with 8 hours of irradiation time. With chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations varying from 700 to 40000 mg L-1 at the initial stages, the percentage of COD removal under these conditions was 100% to 77%.
{"title":"Effect of Operating Parameters on Photocatalytic Treatment of Synthetic Wastewater Using CaTiO3","authors":"Shilpa Mishra, Rekha Dom, B. Sundaram","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024031","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalysis is thought to be a long-term, environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and promising technique for treating wastewater. The development of semiconductor nanoparticles has generated a great deal of interest in the treatment of wastewater. To break down complex contaminants found in wastewater into simpler compounds, including H2O and CO2, several UV/visible light excitable nanomaterials have been explored as photocatalysts. Their effectiveness can be managed by adjusting several reaction-related parameters like the intensity of light, irradiance time, pH, catalyst dose, temperature, doping, etc. The performance of the photocatalyst in the photodegradation of contaminants is greatly affected by these parameters. The main goal of this study is to find the best operational parameters and their impact on the photocatalytic treatment of synthetic waste-water using calcium titanate (CaTiO3) nanoparticles. For this purpose, sol-gel synthesized CaTiO3 with a band gap of 3.57 eV was used. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles is smaller than 47.62 nm. The results of photocatalytic treatment of synthetic wastewater demonstrate that CaTiO3 exhibits its best photocatalytic performance at 33 W UV light, pH 6.0, and 3.33 g L-1 CaTiO3 dose with 8 hours of irradiation time. With chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations varying from 700 to 40000 mg L-1 at the initial stages, the percentage of COD removal under these conditions was 100% to 77%.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of a novel coronavirus strain triggered a global health crisis, impacting both health and economies worldwide, including Thailand since 2019. While prior research hinted at connections between environmental factors and rising COVID-19 cases, these links remained inconclusive. This study investigated indoor and outdoor (I/O) ratios and explored potential correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), meteorological conditions, and the case fatality rate (CFR%) of COVID-19 in Bangkok and its metropolitan area from January to December 2021. In Spearman’s Rank correlation analysis, the results found that CFR% exhibited a positive correlation with relative humidity (RH) (r=0.187) and a negative correlation with PM2.5 (r=-0.190) and wind speed (WS) (r=-0.039). The generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that RH, PM2.5, temperature, and WS adversely affect the CFR% of COVID-19. Consistent relationships between PM2.5, RH, and WS were observed in both Spearman’s Rank correlation and the GAM model. This study underscored the complexity of understanding pandemic dynamics across seasons, I/O ratios, and the influence of lag days. By presenting the results, they may serve as a valuable reference for planning interventions during future pandemics.
{"title":"Meteorological Conditions and PM2.5 Impact on COVID-19 Case Fatality Ratios (CFR) in Bangkok Metropolitan Region","authors":"Viranphat Singrakphon, Chidsanuphong Chart-asa, Pasicha Chaikaew","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024016","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of a novel coronavirus strain triggered a global health crisis, impacting both health and economies worldwide, including Thailand since 2019. While prior research hinted at connections between environmental factors and rising COVID-19 cases, these links remained inconclusive. This study investigated indoor and outdoor (I/O) ratios and explored potential correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), meteorological conditions, and the case fatality rate (CFR%) of COVID-19 in Bangkok and its metropolitan area from January to December 2021. In Spearman’s Rank correlation analysis, the results found that CFR% exhibited a positive correlation with relative humidity (RH) (r=0.187) and a negative correlation with PM2.5 (r=-0.190) and wind speed (WS) (r=-0.039). The generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that RH, PM2.5, temperature, and WS adversely affect the CFR% of COVID-19. Consistent relationships between PM2.5, RH, and WS were observed in both Spearman’s Rank correlation and the GAM model. This study underscored the complexity of understanding pandemic dynamics across seasons, I/O ratios, and the influence of lag days. By presenting the results, they may serve as a valuable reference for planning interventions during future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatrice Omolola Bello, Olayide Samuel Lawal, Gbenga Emmanuel Olumayede, Ogochukwu Angela Agwu, Stanley Ozoemena Agbo
Inhibitory effects of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil, diesel, spent engine oil, and their composite mixture on luminescent Vibrio species isolated from a tropical marine fish were assessed to determine the acute toxicity and suitability of the bacteria. This was evaluated with a slight modification of the procedure for freshly prepared luminescent marine bacteria according to the International Organization for Standardization. Toxicity was assessed following bacterial exposure to different concentrations of the WSFs. Water quality parameters and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined using standard methods. Chemical analysis revealed cumulative loads of PAHs in the WSFs of crude oil (7.22 mg L-1) > diesel (6.92 mg L-1) > composite (6.23 mg L-1) > spent engine oil (4.58 mg L-1). The WSFs of crude oil and diesel showed rapid inhibition of bacterial light yield (11–81%), with maximum inhibition at 100% treatment level. However, luminescence inhibition was evident at 45 mins following exposure to spent engine oil (41–80%) for most of the treatment level tested, even though the 100% treatment level showed rapid (T0) and elevated percent inhibition at 75%. Exposure to composite mixtures of the hydrocarbons (1:1:1) revealed a gradual rise in percent inhibition with time. The EC50 values noted for the entire test samples during the period of exposure (0–60 mins) were between 14.79 and 257.57 mg L-1. Results obtained from this study revealed low toxic impacts of the WSFs and the observed sensitivity of the freshly isolated bioluminescent bacteria from our tropical waters. More so, it further demonstrates the potential for application of the bioluminescent Vibrio campbellii in standardized toxicity testing. Vibrio campbellii can be utilized to assess toxicity outcome in the event of bioremediation of oil residues but equally as a simple and generic indicator of oil spill and consequences on coastal waterways.
{"title":"Luminescence Inhibition of Water-soluble Fractions of Crude Oil, Diesel and \u0000Spent Engine Oil on Freshly Isolated Vibrio campbellii","authors":"Beatrice Omolola Bello, Olayide Samuel Lawal, Gbenga Emmanuel Olumayede, Ogochukwu Angela Agwu, Stanley Ozoemena Agbo","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024012","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory effects of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil, diesel, spent engine oil, and their composite mixture on luminescent Vibrio species isolated from a tropical marine fish were assessed to determine the acute toxicity and suitability of the bacteria. This was evaluated with a slight modification of the procedure for freshly prepared luminescent marine bacteria according to the International Organization for Standardization. Toxicity was assessed following bacterial exposure to different concentrations of the WSFs. Water quality parameters and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined using standard methods. Chemical analysis revealed cumulative loads of PAHs in the WSFs of crude oil (7.22 mg L-1) > diesel (6.92 mg L-1) > composite (6.23 mg L-1) > spent engine oil (4.58 mg L-1). The WSFs of crude oil and diesel showed rapid inhibition of bacterial light yield (11–81%), with maximum inhibition at 100% treatment level. However, luminescence inhibition was evident at 45 mins following exposure to spent engine oil (41–80%) for most of the treatment level tested, even though the 100% treatment level showed rapid (T0) and elevated percent inhibition at 75%. Exposure to composite mixtures of the hydrocarbons (1:1:1) revealed a gradual rise in percent inhibition with time. The EC50 values noted for the entire test samples during the period of exposure (0–60 mins) were between 14.79 and 257.57 mg L-1. Results obtained from this study revealed low toxic impacts of the WSFs and the observed sensitivity of the freshly isolated bioluminescent bacteria from our tropical waters. More so, it further demonstrates the potential for application of the bioluminescent Vibrio campbellii in standardized toxicity testing. Vibrio campbellii can be utilized to assess toxicity outcome in the event of bioremediation of oil residues but equally as a simple and generic indicator of oil spill and consequences on coastal waterways.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"91 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yosep Yosep, Unang Mulkhan, U. Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina Iryani
To verify the responsible and sustainable functioning of circular economy (CE), assessing the sustainability of CE methods is essential. The consistent absence of a social aspect within the CE has been a recurring topic in research. This paper aims to pinpoint social-benefit aspects that are quantifiable in monetary values and investigate how attributing monetary significance to these elements can enhance the evaluation of social sustainability, leading to more informed decision-making processes. The methodology involves both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A quantitative research study was initiated in February 2023. Two approaches were used for sample selection. First, a case study approach was applied to select a specific SME within the tapioca industry. Survey interviews with workers follow the second step. This study also incorporates qualitative methods like literature review and interviews with key informants (cassava and social experts, government officials, and business owners) in April 2023. This research utilized descriptive analysis as a diagnostic tool, offering valuable insights. Challenges in monetizing social factors are discussed, highlighting the need for standardized frameworks, transparency, and stakeholder engagement. The paper also provides a practical example of monetizing social aspects within a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) tapioca industry to address issues such as gender wage gaps, worker safety, and community engagement. The findings suggest that the costs of monetizing social aspects may outweigh the benefits in certain cases, calling for a reassessment of practices to ensure a more equitable and sustainable approach to social responsibility. Integrating social factors into assessments improves decision-making processes and stakeholder engagement, ultimately leading to more socially responsible decisions.
{"title":"Monetizing Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA): A Case Study in SMEs Tapioca Industry in Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"Yosep Yosep, Unang Mulkhan, U. Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina Iryani","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024013","url":null,"abstract":"To verify the responsible and sustainable functioning of circular economy (CE), assessing the sustainability of CE methods is essential. The consistent absence of a social aspect within the CE has been a recurring topic in research. This paper aims to pinpoint social-benefit aspects that are quantifiable in monetary values and investigate how attributing monetary significance to these elements can enhance the evaluation of social sustainability, leading to more informed decision-making processes. The methodology involves both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A quantitative research study was initiated in February 2023. Two approaches were used for sample selection. First, a case study approach was applied to select a specific SME within the tapioca industry. Survey interviews with workers follow the second step. This study also incorporates qualitative methods like literature review and interviews with key informants (cassava and social experts, government officials, and business owners) in April 2023. This research utilized descriptive analysis as a diagnostic tool, offering valuable insights. Challenges in monetizing social factors are discussed, highlighting the need for standardized frameworks, transparency, and stakeholder engagement. The paper also provides a practical example of monetizing social aspects within a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) tapioca industry to address issues such as gender wage gaps, worker safety, and community engagement. The findings suggest that the costs of monetizing social aspects may outweigh the benefits in certain cases, calling for a reassessment of practices to ensure a more equitable and sustainable approach to social responsibility. Integrating social factors into assessments improves decision-making processes and stakeholder engagement, ultimately leading to more socially responsible decisions.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus of this study was to explore how various fertilizers influence the movement of cadmium in soil treated with biochar. The research utilized a strong acid sandy loam soil from Chanthaburi Province, naturally rich in organic matter with moderate cation exchange capacity and low nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfate, salinity and chloride levels. The soil was purposely contaminated with 50 mg kg-1 of cadmium and treated with biochar derived from water hyacinth through pyrolysis at 450°C for an hour. This biochar displayed moderate alkalinity, high organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity, but low nitrogen content. Analytical techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed to study the surface characteristics of the biochar. The cadmium adding soil was blended with 10% biochar and various chemical fertilizers at a 0.04% ratio. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) extraction was used to assess the bioavailability of cadmium to plants in the soil, while sequential extraction was conducted to identify the different forms of cadmium present in the soil. The study revealed distinct effects of different fertilizers on cadmium mobility. Fertilizers like 46-0-0 and 0-3-0 caused a transformation of cadmium from stable to less stable forms, increasing the bioavailability of cadmium to plants. Conversely, fertilizers such as 15-15-15, 0-0-50, 0-0-60, and 0-52-34 shifted cadmium from less stable to more stable forms, resulting in decreased cadmium extracted by DTPA. Other fertilizers showed no significant impact on cadmium mobility in the soil. A stepwise linear regression analysis highlighted that nitrogen content, potassium content, and electrical conductivity were influential factors affecting cadmium mobility.
{"title":"The Influence of Chemical Fertilizers on the Effectiveness of Biochar in Mitigating Cadmium Mobility in Soil","authors":"C. Chaiyaraksa, Navapat Sangworn","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024014","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study was to explore how various fertilizers influence the movement of cadmium in soil treated with biochar. The research utilized a strong acid sandy loam soil from Chanthaburi Province, naturally rich in organic matter with moderate cation exchange capacity and low nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfate, salinity and chloride levels. The soil was purposely contaminated with 50 mg kg-1 of cadmium and treated with biochar derived from water hyacinth through pyrolysis at 450°C for an hour. This biochar displayed moderate alkalinity, high organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity, but low nitrogen content. Analytical techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed to study the surface characteristics of the biochar. The cadmium adding soil was blended with 10% biochar and various chemical fertilizers at a 0.04% ratio. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) extraction was used to assess the bioavailability of cadmium to plants in the soil, while sequential extraction was conducted to identify the different forms of cadmium present in the soil. The study revealed distinct effects of different fertilizers on cadmium mobility. Fertilizers like 46-0-0 and 0-3-0 caused a transformation of cadmium from stable to less stable forms, increasing the bioavailability of cadmium to plants. Conversely, fertilizers such as 15-15-15, 0-0-50, 0-0-60, and 0-52-34 shifted cadmium from less stable to more stable forms, resulting in decreased cadmium extracted by DTPA. Other fertilizers showed no significant impact on cadmium mobility in the soil. A stepwise linear regression analysis highlighted that nitrogen content, potassium content, and electrical conductivity were influential factors affecting cadmium mobility.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"29 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of social return on investment (SROI) evaluation in the community’s waste bank program implemented in the Moo 7 and Moo 8 Villages of Tan Diao Subdistrict, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi Province during 2020–2022, which is a part of the Learning Centre of Systematic Waste Management Innovation According to the Concept of Circular Economy project. This research employed participatory action research to collect data on total cost for investment and income from selling recyclable waste through in-depth interviews and focus groups with a total of 40 stakeholders including: 25 community members, 5 community leaders, 3 representatives from Tan Diao Subdistrict Administrative Organization, 5 village health volunteers, and 2 private waste buyers. The SROI analysis of the Moo 7 and Moo 8 waste banks (2020–2022) by using the discount rate based on the government bond yield at 3% shows the total net present value at 106,166.60 Thai Baht (2,941.76 USD), a ratio of cost-benefit analysis at 12.74 times, the payback period at 4.7 months, and the SROI result is 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). In other words, for every 1 Thai Baht invested in the community waste banks during this period, the benefits generated were equivalent to 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). This translates to a positive return on investment. The contribution of community waste bank under the project, can significantly change in 1) community relations with an intensive engagement in community waste management, 2) economic perspective as it generates employment and income, and reduces transportation costs for landfilling, and 3) environment term, as it reduces household waste and waste disposal. The suggestions have been developed in terms of policies and action plans for community waste management together with local administrative organizations to develop Tan Diao Subdistrict as a model of waste management.
{"title":"Social Return on Investment (SROI) from the Community Waste Bank Implementation under the Learning Center of Systematic Waste Management Innovation According to the Circular Economy Concept","authors":"Pornpod Sridan, Pichaya Surapolchai, Thidasil Plainlaor, Apinya Tanyaim, Nuchanad Hounnaklang, Onuma Zongram, Y. Hawangchu","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024011","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of social return on investment (SROI) evaluation in the community’s waste bank program implemented in the Moo 7 and Moo 8 Villages of Tan Diao Subdistrict, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi Province during 2020–2022, which is a part of the Learning Centre of Systematic Waste Management Innovation According to the Concept of Circular Economy project. This research employed participatory action research to collect data on total cost for investment and income from selling recyclable waste through in-depth interviews and focus groups with a total of 40 stakeholders including: 25 community members, 5 community leaders, 3 representatives from Tan Diao Subdistrict Administrative Organization, 5 village health volunteers, and 2 private waste buyers. The SROI analysis of the Moo 7 and Moo 8 waste banks (2020–2022) by using the discount rate based on the government bond yield at 3% shows the total net present value at 106,166.60 Thai Baht (2,941.76 USD), a ratio of cost-benefit analysis at 12.74 times, the payback period at 4.7 months, and the SROI result is 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). In other words, for every 1 Thai Baht invested in the community waste banks during this period, the benefits generated were equivalent to 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). This translates to a positive return on investment. The contribution of community waste bank under the project, can significantly change in 1) community relations with an intensive engagement in community waste management, 2) economic perspective as it generates employment and income, and reduces transportation costs for landfilling, and 3) environment term, as it reduces household waste and waste disposal. The suggestions have been developed in terms of policies and action plans for community waste management together with local administrative organizations to develop Tan Diao Subdistrict as a model of waste management.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thailand faces significant plastic waste management challenges. Around 2018-2019, a growing number of green retail shops started emerging in Thailand, offering products and services that eliminate or reduce the consumption of single-use plastics (SUPs). This paper intends to explore green retail as a niche in the Thai socio-technical system of SUPs. It aims to understand the socio-technical system’s current state, identify niche dynamics and momentum, illustrate key regime trajectories, and highlight policy levers. The study uses secondary data from academic articles and policy documentation, along with primary data from interviews with 20 Thai green retail founders conducted between 2020 and 2022, for thematic and content analysis. Findings suggest that the green retail niche has started establishing network, institutional and technological anchoring within the regime despite the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Green retailers are committed to the development of their business models, but require support. The research suggests enhancing network formation and skills development within the niche, increasing access to financial resources, and establishing green financing options. It also suggests drawing links to more established niches and setting up incubation and acceleration programs for sustainability-minded small and medium enterprises (SMEs), thereby supporting their growth. Beyond the Thai context, this paper may be relevant for other countries and for evaluating sustainability niches in other sectors.
{"title":"Green Retail Development for Plastic Waste Prevention – Regime Trajectories and Levers for Change in Thailand’s Socio-technical System of Single-use Plastics","authors":"Siri Luther, Sujitra Vassanadumrongdee","doi":"10.35762/aer.2024015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2024015","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand faces significant plastic waste management challenges. Around 2018-2019, a growing number of green retail shops started emerging in Thailand, offering products and services that eliminate or reduce the consumption of single-use plastics (SUPs). This paper intends to explore green retail as a niche in the Thai socio-technical system of SUPs. It aims to understand the socio-technical system’s current state, identify niche dynamics and momentum, illustrate key regime trajectories, and highlight policy levers. The study uses secondary data from academic articles and policy documentation, along with primary data from interviews with 20 Thai green retail founders conducted between 2020 and 2022, for thematic and content analysis. Findings suggest that the green retail niche has started establishing network, institutional and technological anchoring within the regime despite the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Green retailers are committed to the development of their business models, but require support. The research suggests enhancing network formation and skills development within the niche, increasing access to financial resources, and establishing green financing options. It also suggests drawing links to more established niches and setting up incubation and acceleration programs for sustainability-minded small and medium enterprises (SMEs), thereby supporting their growth. Beyond the Thai context, this paper may be relevant for other countries and for evaluating sustainability niches in other sectors.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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