Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.6
Rustadi, A. Setiawan, I. Darmawan, Suharno, Nandi Haerudin
Increased groundwater extraction from aquifers in Holo-Quaternary rock formations in Lampung Bay has caused saltwater intrusion. This indication appears in several community wells and can spread further inland. Therefore, this study aims to identify the distribution of areas exposed to saline water and the boundaries of areas that have not, especially in the Holo-Quaternary Formation. This research uses the geoelectric method integrated with salinity data and the Soil Penetration Test (SPT) analysis at four drilling points. A total of 4 lines of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and 8 points of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) have been acquired with a Schlumberger configuration with an AB/2 span of up to 200 meters. Meanwhile, the salinity data was measured directly from 60 samples from community wells. The ERT and VES analysis results show that the coastal aquifer in Lampung Bay is at a depth of 2–24 m. SPT analysis identified interbedded sand, silt, and clay which were interpreted as marine sedimentation from the Holo-Quaternary Formation layer. Groundwater is only in shallow aquifers (less than 24 m) but has experienced seawater intrusion with low resistivity values between 9–20 ohm m. The distribution of high salinity values up to 3,100 ppm has reached more than 1 km from the coastline. Furthermore, ERT results reinforce this finding, which shows low resistivity values of less than 10 ohm m in the shallow aquifer zone. VES data detects low resistivity values (18 ohm m) at a depth of 12–13 m.
{"title":"Identification of Saline Water Intrusion Using Integrated Geoelectrical Method in the Coastal Aquifer of Holo-Quaternary Formation, Lampung Bay","authors":"Rustadi, A. Setiawan, I. Darmawan, Suharno, Nandi Haerudin","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Increased groundwater extraction from aquifers in Holo-Quaternary rock formations in Lampung Bay has caused saltwater intrusion. This indication appears in several community wells and can spread further inland. Therefore, this study aims to identify the distribution of areas exposed to saline water and the boundaries of areas that have not, especially in the Holo-Quaternary Formation. This research uses the geoelectric method integrated with salinity data and the Soil Penetration Test (SPT) analysis at four drilling points. A total of 4 lines of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and 8 points of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) have been acquired with a Schlumberger configuration with an AB/2 span of up to 200 meters. Meanwhile, the salinity data was measured directly from 60 samples from community wells. The ERT and VES analysis results show that the coastal aquifer in Lampung Bay is at a depth of 2–24 m. SPT analysis identified interbedded sand, silt, and clay which were interpreted as marine sedimentation from the Holo-Quaternary Formation layer. Groundwater is only in shallow aquifers (less than 24 m) but has experienced seawater intrusion with low resistivity values between 9–20 ohm m. The distribution of high salinity values up to 3,100 ppm has reached more than 1 km from the coastline. Furthermore, ERT results reinforce this finding, which shows low resistivity values of less than 10 ohm m in the shallow aquifer zone. VES data detects low resistivity values (18 ohm m) at a depth of 12–13 m.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.5
Nararuk Boonyanam, S. Bejranonda
The rapid urbanization from special economic zones (SEZs) in Asia poses a risk on water crisis. This paper identifies water body change trend and its driving force of change in Chonburi province; the most urbanized area in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand, in order to analyse the root cause of water shortage in the area. Land use maps from 2006 to 2019 were used to evaluate the changing trend in water bodies using land use transition matrix and land use dynamic degree. Panel data from 364 observations in the Chonburi sub-district was used to assess the driving forces of water body change using panel data analysis. The study reveals that the water bodies are experiencing an increasing trend at the annual rate of 10.72%. The most predominant factor of change is the type of governance, followed by agricultural land use, climate change and population respectively. The results highlight the increasing trend of human-made urban water bodies, the importance of the local authority and the need of international collaboration. Therefore, the government should consider to strengthen measures and policy relative to water body change in the area in order to induce significant impact on future urban water supply.
{"title":"The Driving Force of Urban Water Body Change in Chonburi Province, Thailand","authors":"Nararuk Boonyanam, S. Bejranonda","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanization from special economic zones (SEZs) in Asia poses a risk on water crisis. This paper identifies water body change trend and its driving force of change in Chonburi province; the most urbanized area in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand, in order to analyse the root cause of water shortage in the area. Land use maps from 2006 to 2019 were used to evaluate the changing trend in water bodies using land use transition matrix and land use dynamic degree. Panel data from 364 observations in the Chonburi sub-district was used to assess the driving forces of water body change using panel data analysis. The study reveals that the water bodies are experiencing an increasing trend at the annual rate of 10.72%. The most predominant factor of change is the type of governance, followed by agricultural land use, climate change and population respectively. The results highlight the increasing trend of human-made urban water bodies, the importance of the local authority and the need of international collaboration. Therefore, the government should consider to strengthen measures and policy relative to water body change in the area in order to induce significant impact on future urban water supply.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76098256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.4
Pakawat Janyasupab, A. Jampeetong
Physicochemical characteristics of porous substrates (longan biochar, corn biochar, and pumice) including specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (Vp), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined. Longan biochar had the highest SSA, Vp, and CEC, followed by corn biochar and pumice. Then, columns filled with each of these 3 substrates together with gravel as a control treatment, were evaluated to compare wastewater treatment efficiency under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Each system had been acclimatized with wastewater for 8 weeks. Then, influent and effluent were analyzed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 day intervals. Water analysis revealed that biochar-based systems showed higher dissolved oxygen (DO) development and greater removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (NH4-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and nitrate (NO3-N) than pumice and gravel-based systems. Prolongation of HRT significantly increased NO3-N removal and slightly increased BOD5 and TSS removal. Both BOD5 and TSS removal in biochar-based systems after 1 day HRT was about 93–94% while they significantly increased with HRT extension to a high of 97–98%. Furthermore, NO3-N removal in biochar-based systems increased from 47–48% after 1 day HRT to 80% after 5–7 days HRT. In addition, NH4-N and TKN removal was influenced by both substrate and HRT with significant interaction between these two factors. Longan biochar-based systems, in particular eliminated almost 90% of both NH4-N and TKN and the removal efficiency improved significantly after HRT was extended. Meanwhile, both NH4-N and TKN removal were only 20–30% in the gravel-based systems and 50-60% in pumice-based system. The study suggests that longan biochar is the most effective substrate. Longer HRTs were also found to increase the efficiency of removing organic matter and nitrogen.
{"title":"Performance of Porous Substrates for Domestic Wastewater Treatment under Prolonged Hydraulic Retention Time","authors":"Pakawat Janyasupab, A. Jampeetong","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Physicochemical characteristics of porous substrates (longan biochar, corn biochar, and pumice) including specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (Vp), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined. Longan biochar had the highest SSA, Vp, and CEC, followed by corn biochar and pumice. Then, columns filled with each of these 3 substrates together with gravel as a control treatment, were evaluated to compare wastewater treatment efficiency under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Each system had been acclimatized with wastewater for 8 weeks. Then, influent and effluent were analyzed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 day intervals. Water analysis revealed that biochar-based systems showed higher dissolved oxygen (DO) development and greater removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (NH4-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and nitrate (NO3-N) than pumice and gravel-based systems. Prolongation of HRT significantly increased NO3-N removal and slightly increased BOD5 and TSS removal. Both BOD5 and TSS removal in biochar-based systems after 1 day HRT was about 93–94% while they significantly increased with HRT extension to a high of 97–98%. Furthermore, NO3-N removal in biochar-based systems increased from 47–48% after 1 day HRT to 80% after 5–7 days HRT. In addition, NH4-N and TKN removal was influenced by both substrate and HRT with significant interaction between these two factors. Longan biochar-based systems, in particular eliminated almost 90% of both NH4-N and TKN and the removal efficiency improved significantly after HRT was extended. Meanwhile, both NH4-N and TKN removal were only 20–30% in the gravel-based systems and 50-60% in pumice-based system. The study suggests that longan biochar is the most effective substrate. Longer HRTs were also found to increase the efficiency of removing organic matter and nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86845737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.3
P. Jutaporn, Sorawit Ritthisoonthorn, Yuvarat Ngernyen, Lippakorn Songnangrong, Warodom Rattanaboonta, W. Khongnakorn
Biochar made from agricultural waste products can be used as a low-cost adsorbent targeting dissolved organic matter (DOM). In water treatment plant (WTP), DOM reacts with chlorine-based disinfectant and forms carcinogenic disinfection by-products. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of bamboo biochar derived from wood vinegar production waste as an adsorbent for DOM removal and subsequently trihalomethane formation potential (THM-FP) reduction. Raw biochar (BCRaw) and 800°C post-heated biochar (BC800) was tested for its surface characteristics including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The post-pyrolysis treatment increased the surface area of the biochar from 90.3 to 274 m2 g-1. Raw natural water collected from Tapra WTP, Khon Kaen, Thailand, which uses the Chi River as its water source. The adsorption capacities for dissolve organic carbon at 24-h equilibrium (Qe) of BCRaw and BC800 were 0.148 and 0.551 mg-C g-1 adsorbent, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were described well with a pseudo-second order model, which implied chemisorption and multiple adsorption mechanisms. While THM-FP was relatively unaffected by a treatment with BCRaw, a treatment with BC800 resulted in 12.4% THM-FP reduction and preferential removal of precursor to chloroform over other THMs was observed. Fluorescent excitation-emission matric spectroscopy was employed to characterize DOM before and after treatment with biochar. BC800 achieved greater removal of terrestrial humic-like and fulvic-like DOM, due to the presence of oxygen functional groups, which enhances removal capacity for aromatic compounds. Overall, this study shows the potential use of bamboo biochar derived from waste material as an adsorbent for THM precursor removal.
{"title":"Disinfection By-product Precursor Removal by Biochar Derived from Agricultural Waste","authors":"P. Jutaporn, Sorawit Ritthisoonthorn, Yuvarat Ngernyen, Lippakorn Songnangrong, Warodom Rattanaboonta, W. Khongnakorn","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar made from agricultural waste products can be used as a low-cost adsorbent targeting dissolved organic matter (DOM). In water treatment plant (WTP), DOM reacts with chlorine-based disinfectant and forms carcinogenic disinfection by-products. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of bamboo biochar derived from wood vinegar production waste as an adsorbent for DOM removal and subsequently trihalomethane formation potential (THM-FP) reduction. Raw biochar (BCRaw) and 800°C post-heated biochar (BC800) was tested for its surface characteristics including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The post-pyrolysis treatment increased the surface area of the biochar from 90.3 to 274 m2 g-1. Raw natural water collected from Tapra WTP, Khon Kaen, Thailand, which uses the Chi River as its water source. The adsorption capacities for dissolve organic carbon at 24-h equilibrium (Qe) of BCRaw and BC800 were 0.148 and 0.551 mg-C g-1 adsorbent, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were described well with a pseudo-second order model, which implied chemisorption and multiple adsorption mechanisms. While THM-FP was relatively unaffected by a treatment with BCRaw, a treatment with BC800 resulted in 12.4% THM-FP reduction and preferential removal of precursor to chloroform over other THMs was observed. Fluorescent excitation-emission matric spectroscopy was employed to characterize DOM before and after treatment with biochar. BC800 achieved greater removal of terrestrial humic-like and fulvic-like DOM, due to the presence of oxygen functional groups, which enhances removal capacity for aromatic compounds. Overall, this study shows the potential use of bamboo biochar derived from waste material as an adsorbent for THM precursor removal.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"343 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.2
Nguyễn Thị Huyền, Lê Hoàng Tú, Le Truong Ngoc Han, Vuong Thi Thuy, Dang Nguyen Dong Phuong, Nguyen Kim Loi
This study aims to present the application of remote sensing in monitoring vegetation change in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. The study used Landsat 5 images in the year 2010 and Landsat 8 images in the years 2015 and 2020 to investigate the area of vegetation. The maximum likelihood classification method (MLC) was used to classify land cover and an accuracy matrix was computed to validate the classification results. The references data were collected to support classification and accuracy assessment processes including land use maps in 2010, 2015, and 2020. In addition, collected field points and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) in 2020 were used. The overall accuracies are 81.27%, 84.41%, and 83.86%, and Kappa indices were 0.76, 0.80, and 0.80, corresponding to 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results showed that as compared to 2010 and 2015, the area of vegetation in 2020 decreased 10% and 8%, respectively. The average vegetation cover per capita was 740 m2 person-1 in 2020, compared to 1000 m2 person-1 in 2015 and 1200 m2 person-1 in 2010. This reduction was obvious in urban areas in the province, due to the need for construction and development. The study provides meaningful information on vegetation change and green area per capita in Binh Duong Province from 2010 to 2020.
{"title":"Assessing Vegetation Cover Change Using Remote Sensing: Case Study at Binh Duong Province, Vietnam","authors":"Nguyễn Thị Huyền, Lê Hoàng Tú, Le Truong Ngoc Han, Vuong Thi Thuy, Dang Nguyen Dong Phuong, Nguyen Kim Loi","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present the application of remote sensing in monitoring vegetation change in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. The study used Landsat 5 images in the year 2010 and Landsat 8 images in the years 2015 and 2020 to investigate the area of vegetation. The maximum likelihood classification method (MLC) was used to classify land cover and an accuracy matrix was computed to validate the classification results. The references data were collected to support classification and accuracy assessment processes including land use maps in 2010, 2015, and 2020. In addition, collected field points and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) in 2020 were used. The overall accuracies are 81.27%, 84.41%, and 83.86%, and Kappa indices were 0.76, 0.80, and 0.80, corresponding to 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results showed that as compared to 2010 and 2015, the area of vegetation in 2020 decreased 10% and 8%, respectively. The average vegetation cover per capita was 740 m2 person-1 in 2020, compared to 1000 m2 person-1 in 2015 and 1200 m2 person-1 in 2010. This reduction was obvious in urban areas in the province, due to the need for construction and development. The study provides meaningful information on vegetation change and green area per capita in Binh Duong Province from 2010 to 2020.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84447155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.1
P. Akkajit, D. Tipmanee, Kaimook Jaileak
Heavy metals in coastal sediments can adversely affect human health and the environment. The distribution and metal bioavailability of Pb and Zn in 21 sediment samples collected from Phuket Bay, Phuket, Thailand using the first-two steps of sequential extraction proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing programme (known as BCR) was determined. The results showed that Pb formed weak complexes contributing up to 11.2% to 33% of its total concentration (1.7 to 7.5 mg kg-1) in the first fraction (BCR1), while Zn in the BCR1 fraction ranged from 4.9% to 9.9%. The results suggest that Pb could easily enter the food chain and the main cause of heavy metal contamination is related to local anthropogenic activities and effects of urbanization in the region, such as the ferry terminal, boatyards, and other maritime activities. Meanwhile, the enrichment factors of the metals showed minor to moderately severe enrichment. The metal concentration-depth relationship along the sediment profile showed metal concentration in each layer of the sediment core ranging from 45.4 to 88 mg Zn kg-1 and from 12.7 to 44.5 mg Pb kg-1. Based on the changes in heavy metal accumulation in the sediment core, and the calculated the enrichment factor versus depth, these allowed us to understand the historical variability in pollutant linked to past activities in Phuket Bay.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Bioavailable Metal Concentrations and \u0000Total Metal Concentration-depth Relationship along the Sediment Profile within Phuket Bay","authors":"P. Akkajit, D. Tipmanee, Kaimook Jaileak","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals in coastal sediments can adversely affect human health and the environment. The distribution and metal bioavailability of Pb and Zn in 21 sediment samples collected from Phuket Bay, Phuket, Thailand using the first-two steps of sequential extraction proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing programme (known as BCR) was determined. The results showed that Pb formed weak complexes contributing up to 11.2% to 33% of its total concentration (1.7 to 7.5 mg kg-1) in the first fraction (BCR1), while Zn in the BCR1 fraction ranged from 4.9% to 9.9%. The results suggest that Pb could easily enter the food chain and the main cause of heavy metal contamination is related to local anthropogenic activities and effects of urbanization in the region, such as the ferry terminal, boatyards, and other maritime activities. Meanwhile, the enrichment factors of the metals showed minor to moderately severe enrichment. The metal concentration-depth relationship along the sediment profile showed metal concentration in each layer of the sediment core ranging from 45.4 to 88 mg Zn kg-1 and from 12.7 to 44.5 mg Pb kg-1. Based on the changes in heavy metal accumulation in the sediment core, and the calculated the enrichment factor versus depth, these allowed us to understand the historical variability in pollutant linked to past activities in Phuket Bay.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.7
Thitima Parkpoom, Somsak Intamat, Uraiwan Phoonaploy, L. Neeratanaphan
Heavy metals from electronic waste (e-waste) accumulate in the environment and can affect human health. The purpose of this study was to determine As, Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations in water, sediment and three species of edible aquatic plants (Ottelia alismoides, Ipomoea aquatic and Marsilea crenata) near an e-waste open dumpsite. Samples were collected from six sampling points surrounding an e-waste open dumpsite and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were evaluated in the plants. The Pb concentration in the water samples exceeded the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in the sediment was Pb>Cr>As >Cd, and these concentrations were within the limits of the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Pb>Cr>As>Cd, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in O. alismoides and As, Cr and Pb in I. aquatic and M. crenata exceeded the quality standard of food consumption. Most of the BAF values of the heavy metals in O. alismoides were more than one, but in I. aquatic and M. crenata, they were less than one. The order of the EDI values in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Cr>As>Pb >Cd, respectively. The HQ values were greater than one for As, Cd and Pb in O. alismoides; Pb in I. aquatic; and As and Pb in M. crenata. The HQ and CR values show that the consumption of edible plants from an e-waste open dumpsite is a human health risk.
{"title":"Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals by Consuming the Aquatic Plant Species Near an Electronic Waste Open Dumpsite in Thailand","authors":"Thitima Parkpoom, Somsak Intamat, Uraiwan Phoonaploy, L. Neeratanaphan","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals from electronic waste (e-waste) accumulate in the environment and can affect human health. The purpose of this study was to determine As, Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations in water, sediment and three species of edible aquatic plants (Ottelia alismoides, Ipomoea aquatic and Marsilea crenata) near an e-waste open dumpsite. Samples were collected from six sampling points surrounding an e-waste open dumpsite and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were evaluated in the plants. The Pb concentration in the water samples exceeded the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in the sediment was Pb>Cr>As >Cd, and these concentrations were within the limits of the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Pb>Cr>As>Cd, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in O. alismoides and As, Cr and Pb in I. aquatic and M. crenata exceeded the quality standard of food consumption. Most of the BAF values of the heavy metals in O. alismoides were more than one, but in I. aquatic and M. crenata, they were less than one. The order of the EDI values in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Cr>As>Pb >Cd, respectively. The HQ values were greater than one for As, Cd and Pb in O. alismoides; Pb in I. aquatic; and As and Pb in M. crenata. The HQ and CR values show that the consumption of edible plants from an e-waste open dumpsite is a human health risk.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89917555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.5
Santhosh Kumar Nadikatla, Mushini Venkata SubbaRao, M. Krishna
Applicability of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling in predicting the water quality index (WQI) and in turn to ascertain the suitability of the water for human consumption has been presented in the paper. In the light of the present study, seventy-nine (79) groundwater samples were collected from two mandals (divisions) Veeraghattam (VGT) and Palakonda (PLKD) and analyzed for physicochemical parameters during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2015 and 2016. In computing the WQI, physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, chlorine, fluoride, nitrite, DO and TA have been considered. From the results it was found that the WQI varies from 43.9 to 46.5 and 31.4 to 34.7 in VGT and PLKD divisions respectively. ANN tool in MATLAB has been used to predict the WQI. Back propagation methodology and LM algorithm has been chosen for the study. To train the network, physicochemical parameters have been given as inputs and the already computed WQI values as output. A particular season has been chosen for testing the network. After simulating the network, the results obtained were compared with the experimental value and found to have an error of 0.6%. It is inferred that the chosen model fits apt for the prediction of WQI in the present study.
{"title":"Prediction of Groundwater Quality Index in the Selected Divisions of Srikakulam Using Artificial Neural Networks Approach","authors":"Santhosh Kumar Nadikatla, Mushini Venkata SubbaRao, M. Krishna","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Applicability of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling in predicting the water quality index (WQI) and in turn to ascertain the suitability of the water for human consumption has been presented in the paper. In the light of the present study, seventy-nine (79) groundwater samples were collected from two mandals (divisions) Veeraghattam (VGT) and Palakonda (PLKD) and analyzed for physicochemical parameters during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2015 and 2016. In computing the WQI, physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, chlorine, fluoride, nitrite, DO and TA have been considered. From the results it was found that the WQI varies from 43.9 to 46.5 and 31.4 to 34.7 in VGT and PLKD divisions respectively. ANN tool in MATLAB has been used to predict the WQI. Back propagation methodology and LM algorithm has been chosen for the study. To train the network, physicochemical parameters have been given as inputs and the already computed WQI values as output. A particular season has been chosen for testing the network. After simulating the network, the results obtained were compared with the experimental value and found to have an error of 0.6%. It is inferred that the chosen model fits apt for the prediction of WQI in the present study.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"47 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76286215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.6
Nguyen Thanh Giao, Phan Kim Anh, Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and assess the associated human health risks for different age groups in a coastal province of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Twenty groundwater samples were collected in Soc Trang Province, and various water quality parameters were analyzed. The data were employed to calculate entropy-weighted groundwater quality index (EWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for adult and children health. The results revealed that groundwater in some locations, especially in GW19, was polluted by hardness, total dissolved solids, NH4+, Cl-, Fe, total coliform, and E. coli. In addition, 5 principal components from the PCA results could explain 84.5% of the total variation of groundwater quality, which also suggested that the potential groundwater pollution sources were geochemical processes, agricultural activities, domestic and industrial wastewater, seawater intrusion, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. The CA results showed that monitoring locations can be divided into 4 clusters based on their similarities in groundwater quality, and the most polluted group was found at cluster IV (GW19). The computed EWQI values ranged from 20.05 to 738.52, with approximately 45% of total samples classifying good to excellent water quality. The sampling points with undrinkable quality are mainly located in the northeast and center of the province. The ratio of children and adults under the threat of adverse health effects due to drinking groundwater contained non-carcinogenic substances (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, Cd, Cu, F-, Mn, and As) ranged from 5 to 40%, and children had higher risks compared to adults. Additionally, the consumption of As-contaminated groundwater also poses carcinogenic risks for children, female and male adults ranging from 4.80×10-6 to 1.33×10-4. The findings of this study can provide helpful information for policymakers in the development of long-term water management strategies to protect community health.
{"title":"Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Groundwater Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods and Human Health Risk Assessment in \u0000a Coastal Region of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta","authors":"Nguyen Thanh Giao, Phan Kim Anh, Huynh Thi Hong Nhien","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and assess the associated human health risks for different age groups in a coastal province of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Twenty groundwater samples were collected in Soc Trang Province, and various water quality parameters were analyzed. The data were employed to calculate entropy-weighted groundwater quality index (EWQI), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for adult and children health. The results revealed that groundwater in some locations, especially in GW19, was polluted by hardness, total dissolved solids, NH4+, Cl-, Fe, total coliform, and E. coli. In addition, 5 principal components from the PCA results could explain 84.5% of the total variation of groundwater quality, which also suggested that the potential groundwater pollution sources were geochemical processes, agricultural activities, domestic and industrial wastewater, seawater intrusion, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. The CA results showed that monitoring locations can be divided into 4 clusters based on their similarities in groundwater quality, and the most polluted group was found at cluster IV (GW19). The computed EWQI values ranged from 20.05 to 738.52, with approximately 45% of total samples classifying good to excellent water quality. The sampling points with undrinkable quality are mainly located in the northeast and center of the province. The ratio of children and adults under the threat of adverse health effects due to drinking groundwater contained non-carcinogenic substances (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, Cd, Cu, F-, Mn, and As) ranged from 5 to 40%, and children had higher risks compared to adults. Additionally, the consumption of As-contaminated groundwater also poses carcinogenic risks for children, female and male adults ranging from 4.80×10-6 to 1.33×10-4. The findings of this study can provide helpful information for policymakers in the development of long-term water management strategies to protect community health.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.4
Houari Bella, Hayet Bendaikha
Date fruit has a significant role in Sahara countries' economies. In this study, a bunch of empty dates waste was used to produce biochar, which will be used to adsorb Eriochrome black T (EBT) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solution. The dates bunch was washed, dried, and ground into small particles. Then it was heated in a muffle furnace at 850 °C. The biochar from empty date bunches (BEDB) characteristics before and after adsorption was determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experiment has used different parameters notably initial concentration (25 – 100 mg L-1), contact time (0 – 90 min), BEDB amount (0.01 – 0.05 g), and different solutions pH (2 – 10) in batch adsorption. This investigation has shown that Langmuir and pseudo-second-order isotherm models were well-fitted than Freundlich and pseudo-first-order. The maximum capacity of adsorption was 58.47 and 80.64 mg g-1 for EBT and MB removal, respectively at 25°C. The results obtained show that BEDB sorbent has an important adsorption capacity of dyes removal and has a performance to eliminate EBT and MB dyes from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Biochar from Empty Date Fruit Bunch as an Adsorbent to Remove Eriochrome Black T and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Houari Bella, Hayet Bendaikha","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Date fruit has a significant role in Sahara countries' economies. In this study, a bunch of empty dates waste was used to produce biochar, which will be used to adsorb Eriochrome black T (EBT) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solution. The dates bunch was washed, dried, and ground into small particles. Then it was heated in a muffle furnace at 850 °C. The biochar from empty date bunches (BEDB) characteristics before and after adsorption was determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experiment has used different parameters notably initial concentration (25 – 100 mg L-1), contact time (0 – 90 min), BEDB amount (0.01 – 0.05 g), and different solutions pH (2 – 10) in batch adsorption. This investigation has shown that Langmuir and pseudo-second-order isotherm models were well-fitted than Freundlich and pseudo-first-order. The maximum capacity of adsorption was 58.47 and 80.64 mg g-1 for EBT and MB removal, respectively at 25°C. The results obtained show that BEDB sorbent has an important adsorption capacity of dyes removal and has a performance to eliminate EBT and MB dyes from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81028256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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