Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.3
Chariya Senpong, D. Wiwattanadate
Waste-to-Energy (WtE) has been considered as an option to eliminate Krabi’s problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. A survey on WtE potential as well as key drivers, barriers, and challenges to overcome the barriers was conducted in this study. The study found high WtE potential due to huge amount of many years accumulated MSW in couple with the increasing trend of new daily waste generation. Meanwhile, Krabi is an island having land limitation for landfill. The urgent need to eliminate the huge amount of MSW has become a key driver for WtE implementation. One more key driver of WtE is Krabi Goes Green roadmap with target to generate electricity from 100% renewable energy by the year 2026. Another key driver is disruptive effects of MSW management roadmap under Section 44 of Thailand's Constitution 2017. By the way, implementation of WtE is facing with public opposing due to concerning of dioxin and air pollutant emissions from solid waste combustion. How to ensure zero emission of dioxin and air pollutants is very challenging to achieve public trust and acceptance. High temperature combustion as well as installation of high efficiency end-of-pipe treatment together with real-time monitoring system was recommended by some interviewees of the present study. In addition, due to MSW management and WtE power plant investment must involve with many organizations; therefore, stakeholders' open mind consultation and policy integration among relevant governmental agencies are highly recommended.
{"title":"Sustainable Energy Transition in Thailand: Drivers, Barriers and Challenges of Waste-to-Energy at Krabi Province","authors":"Chariya Senpong, D. Wiwattanadate","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Waste-to-Energy (WtE) has been considered as an option to eliminate Krabi’s problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. A survey on WtE potential as well as key drivers, barriers, and challenges to overcome the barriers was conducted in this study. The study found high WtE potential due to huge amount of many years accumulated MSW in couple with the increasing trend of new daily waste generation. Meanwhile, Krabi is an island having land limitation for landfill. The urgent need to eliminate the huge amount of MSW has become a key driver for WtE implementation. One more key driver of WtE is Krabi Goes Green roadmap with target to generate electricity from 100% renewable energy by the year 2026. Another key driver is disruptive effects of MSW management roadmap under Section 44 of Thailand's Constitution 2017. By the way, implementation of WtE is facing with public opposing due to concerning of dioxin and air pollutant emissions from solid waste combustion. How to ensure zero emission of dioxin and air pollutants is very challenging to achieve public trust and acceptance. High temperature combustion as well as installation of high efficiency end-of-pipe treatment together with real-time monitoring system was recommended by some interviewees of the present study. In addition, due to MSW management and WtE power plant investment must involve with many organizations; therefore, stakeholders' open mind consultation and policy integration among relevant governmental agencies are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89429815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.2
R. Golshani, Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani, M. Rebezov, S. Karbalaei, Tony R. Walker
Pollution of water resources by uncontrolled pesticide use is a serious health and environmental issue. In this study, concentrations of three organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, malathion, and azinphos-methyl) in water and sediment samples from five estuaries (Sefidrud, Chalus, Babolrud, Tajan, and Gorganrud) along the Caspian Sea were investigated. Samples were collected from surface water and sediment during summer to autumn, and pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that salinity and turbidity in Gorganrud were higher (salinity: range 2–8%; turbidity: range 1–9%) compared to other stations. Higher diazinon (water: 0.08±0.06, sediment: 0.04±0.01), malathion (water: 0.09±0.06, sediment: 0.05±0.01) and azinphos-methyl (water: 0.1±0.08, sediment: 0.06± 0.02) concentrations were observed in the Tajan river compared to other stations. Mean concentrations of diazinon, malathion and azinphos-methyl pesticides were higher in the summer compared to the autumn. Azinphos-methyl concentrations were higher than sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), which warrants ongoing monitoring. Our research provides insights into the presence of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in rivers that enter into the Caspian Sea. Further work to better understand the environmental pollution of OPs in the Caspian Sea is ongoing.
{"title":"Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Water and \u0000Sediment Collected from the Southern Caspian Sea","authors":"R. Golshani, Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani, M. Rebezov, S. Karbalaei, Tony R. Walker","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of water resources by uncontrolled pesticide use is a serious health and environmental issue. In this study, concentrations of three organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, malathion, and azinphos-methyl) in water and sediment samples from five estuaries (Sefidrud, Chalus, Babolrud, Tajan, and Gorganrud) along the Caspian Sea were investigated. Samples were collected from surface water and sediment during summer to autumn, and pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that salinity and turbidity in Gorganrud were higher (salinity: range 2–8%; turbidity: range 1–9%) compared to other stations. Higher diazinon (water: 0.08±0.06, sediment: 0.04±0.01), malathion (water: 0.09±0.06, sediment: 0.05±0.01) and azinphos-methyl (water: 0.1±0.08, sediment: 0.06± 0.02) concentrations were observed in the Tajan river compared to other stations. Mean concentrations of diazinon, malathion and azinphos-methyl pesticides were higher in the summer compared to the autumn. Azinphos-methyl concentrations were higher than sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), which warrants ongoing monitoring. Our research provides insights into the presence of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in rivers that enter into the Caspian Sea. Further work to better understand the environmental pollution of OPs in the Caspian Sea is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82871896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.1
Farah Akmal Idrus, Noradriena Mohd Fadhli, Mohd Nasarudin Harith
Microplastics pollution has become a worldwide common problem. Despite the growing numbers in researches regarding the microplastics, the understanding of microplastics in the freshwater environment are still less. This paper overviews the present knowledge and findings on the occurrence of microplastics in water and sediment of the freshwater environments in Asia. The review also covers the size distribution, polymers, morphological characteristics and sources of microplastics to the freshwater systems. Perspective of the adsorption of heavy metals on the microplastics to the freshwater systems are also discussed in this review.
{"title":"Occurrence of Microplastics in the Asian Freshwater Environments: A Review","authors":"Farah Akmal Idrus, Noradriena Mohd Fadhli, Mohd Nasarudin Harith","doi":"10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2022.44.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics pollution has become a worldwide common problem. Despite the growing numbers in researches regarding the microplastics, the understanding of microplastics in the freshwater environment are still less. This paper overviews the present knowledge and findings on the occurrence of microplastics in water and sediment of the freshwater environments in Asia. The review also covers the size distribution, polymers, morphological characteristics and sources of microplastics to the freshwater systems. Perspective of the adsorption of heavy metals on the microplastics to the freshwater systems are also discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76176894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.9
Aphittha Yodying, N. Mahavik, S. Tantanee, C. Kongmuang, Agbesi Kwadzo Keteku, P. Chidburee, Kamonchat Seejata, Sasithon Chatsudarat
The Thai government developed the “Bang Rakam Model 60” to solve flood issues in low-lying areas (Phitsanulok and Sukhothai Provinces). In the project, farmers will have to start planting in early April and harvest in July. This research proposes a methodology for assessing flood hazard using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) relied on Chang’s extent analysis. It was employed to derive the weight for factor ranking and create a flood hazard map. Eight hazard factors are considered in the methodology: average annual rainfall, drainage density, distance from drainage network, soil water infiltration, land use, elevation, slope, and flow accumulation. The generated flood hazard maps were validated using the repeated flood area from Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA). Due to the difference of rated opinion on the drainage density factor, the eight experts were divided into two groups of four each. The results of both expert groups indicated that the most pivotal influencing factor to flood hazard is the average annual rainfall. From the first group, it is stated that the highest flood hazard areas are in Phrom Phiram, Mueang Phitsanulok, and Bang Rakam Districts. Whereas, the second group stated that very high flood hazards level occurring mostly in Phrom Phiram District. The flood hazard area was divided into five levels of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high which the first group found that they covered 75.59 km2, 184.44 km2, 211.94 km2, 165.78 km2, and 57.81 km2, respectively, while the second group found that they covered 38.93 km2, 100.22 km2, 175.58 km2, 218.90 km2, and 161.91 km2, respectively. The obtained flood hazard assessment provides crucial information for future flood preparation, response, prevention, mitigation, and recovery initiatives. Moreover, it will guide the government agencies in supplying water and save the compensation budget to victims’ flood-affected farms.
{"title":"A Fuzzy AHP Approach to Assess Flood Hazard for Area of \u0000Bang Rakam Model 60 Project in Yom River Basin, Northern Thailand","authors":"Aphittha Yodying, N. Mahavik, S. Tantanee, C. Kongmuang, Agbesi Kwadzo Keteku, P. Chidburee, Kamonchat Seejata, Sasithon Chatsudarat","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Thai government developed the “Bang Rakam Model 60” to solve flood issues in low-lying areas (Phitsanulok and Sukhothai Provinces). In the project, farmers will have to start planting in early April and harvest in July. This research proposes a methodology for assessing flood hazard using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) relied on Chang’s extent analysis. It was employed to derive the weight for factor ranking and create a flood hazard map. Eight hazard factors are considered in the methodology: average annual rainfall, drainage density, distance from drainage network, soil water infiltration, land use, elevation, slope, and flow accumulation. The generated flood hazard maps were validated using the repeated flood area from Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA). Due to the difference of rated opinion on the drainage density factor, the eight experts were divided into two groups of four each. The results of both expert groups indicated that the most pivotal influencing factor to flood hazard is the average annual rainfall. From the first group, it is stated that the highest flood hazard areas are in Phrom Phiram, Mueang Phitsanulok, and Bang Rakam Districts. Whereas, the second group stated that very high flood hazards level occurring mostly in Phrom Phiram District. The flood hazard area was divided into five levels of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high which the first group found that they covered 75.59 km2, 184.44 km2, 211.94 km2, 165.78 km2, and 57.81 km2, respectively, while the second group found that they covered 38.93 km2, 100.22 km2, 175.58 km2, 218.90 km2, and 161.91 km2, respectively. The obtained flood hazard assessment provides crucial information for future flood preparation, response, prevention, mitigation, and recovery initiatives. Moreover, it will guide the government agencies in supplying water and save the compensation budget to victims’ flood-affected farms.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74443845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.8
Seyed Raheb Hosseini Bizaki, Ahmad Reza Rabbani, A. Riyahi Bakhtiari, M. Cheraghi, Parisa Babaie
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world and is facing an increasing risk of contamination. Sea-based and land-based hydrocarbons inputs are the most critical pollutants of the Caspian Sea. In the present study, n-alkanes and related diagnostic ratios were used to identify the sources of hydrocarbon contaminants in surface sediments along the southern coastal area of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province. 27 surface sediment samples were collected from a depth of 5 meters under sea level. Contaminant’s compositions were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. According to the results, the total concentration of n- alkanes (ΣHC) ranged from 5.2 µg g-1 to 690.7 µg g-1. The S20 (selected station in Noshahr port) had the highest concentration, and most of the stations have levels in a moderate range. Five diagnostic ratios are used to distinguish petrogenic and biogenic contaminants in shorelines of the Mazandaran province. In all stations, Carbon Preference Index (CPI), LMW/HMW, Pr/n-C17, Phy/n-C18, Pr/Phy, and U/R values indicated the petrogenic inputs. However, in some stations biogenic inputs were additionally detected. The petrogenic pollutants were almost from sea-based inputs such as oil spills from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. On the other hand, biogenic contaminants were almost from rivers and Hyrcania forests.
{"title":"Petrogenic and Biogenic Inputs of n-alkanes along Shoreline of \u0000the Caspian Sea in the Mazandaran Province, North of Iran","authors":"Seyed Raheb Hosseini Bizaki, Ahmad Reza Rabbani, A. Riyahi Bakhtiari, M. Cheraghi, Parisa Babaie","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world and is facing an increasing risk of contamination. Sea-based and land-based hydrocarbons inputs are the most critical pollutants of the Caspian Sea. In the present study, n-alkanes and related diagnostic ratios were used to identify the sources of hydrocarbon contaminants in surface sediments along the southern coastal area of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province. 27 surface sediment samples were collected from a depth of 5 meters under sea level. Contaminant’s compositions were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. According to the results, the total concentration of n- alkanes (ΣHC) ranged from 5.2 µg g-1 to 690.7 µg g-1. The S20 (selected station in Noshahr port) had the highest concentration, and most of the stations have levels in a moderate range. Five diagnostic ratios are used to distinguish petrogenic and biogenic contaminants in shorelines of the Mazandaran province. In all stations, Carbon Preference Index (CPI), LMW/HMW, Pr/n-C17, Phy/n-C18, Pr/Phy, and U/R values indicated the petrogenic inputs. However, in some stations biogenic inputs were additionally detected. The petrogenic pollutants were almost from sea-based inputs such as oil spills from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. On the other hand, biogenic contaminants were almost from rivers and Hyrcania forests.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77500058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.10
Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga, S. Bureekul, P. Sompongchaiyakul
Seafood is recognized as the high protein source of human consumption. However, it is hampered by mercury contamination. The objectives of this study are to determine total mercury (T-Hg) levels in edible portions of commercial seafood available in Bangkok’s supermarkets, and to evaluate the potential risks from mercury through seafood consumption. Total 32 species, including 22 fish, 4 cephalopod and 6 shellfish, were purchased from super-markets. Fish samples were dissected in 3 parts comprised of flesh, gill and viscera. While, cephalopod and shellfish were separated for edible tissues. The samples were digested in hot acid and were determined using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The results revealed that T-Hg contained in the fish flesh > cephalopod > shellfish. In addition, T-Hg was accumulated in flesh > viscera > gill. Statistical analysis suggested that T-Hg accumulated in flesh was related positively with species, feeding habit, and habitat (p < 0.05). For risk analysis, estimated daily intake (EDI) of flesh ranged from 0.01 to 0.42 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1, the lowest and highest EDI values were in salmon and yellowfin tuna, res-pectively. Yellowfin tuna, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, fourfinger threadfin, and silver sillago were the 4 species that having the EDI values of T-Hg higher than the FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 0.23 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1. Thus, the frequent consumption of these seafood are not recommended. In addition, the daily consumption of seafood should not exceed the maximum safe daily intake (MSDC). The MSDC of seafood in this study ranged from 15.5 (yellowfin tuna) to 474 (salmon) g d-1.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Total Mercury (T-Hg) in Commercial Seafood Marketed in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga, S. Bureekul, P. Sompongchaiyakul","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Seafood is recognized as the high protein source of human consumption. However, it is hampered by mercury contamination. The objectives of this study are to determine total mercury (T-Hg) levels in edible portions of commercial seafood available in Bangkok’s supermarkets, and to evaluate the potential risks from mercury through seafood consumption. Total 32 species, including 22 fish, 4 cephalopod and 6 shellfish, were purchased from super-markets. Fish samples were dissected in 3 parts comprised of flesh, gill and viscera. While, cephalopod and shellfish were separated for edible tissues. The samples were digested in hot acid and were determined using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The results revealed that T-Hg contained in the fish flesh > cephalopod > shellfish. In addition, T-Hg was accumulated in flesh > viscera > gill. Statistical analysis suggested that T-Hg accumulated in flesh was related positively with species, feeding habit, and habitat (p < 0.05). For risk analysis, estimated daily intake (EDI) of flesh ranged from 0.01 to 0.42 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1, the lowest and highest EDI values were in salmon and yellowfin tuna, res-pectively. Yellowfin tuna, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, fourfinger threadfin, and silver sillago were the 4 species that having the EDI values of T-Hg higher than the FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 0.23 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1. Thus, the frequent consumption of these seafood are not recommended. In addition, the daily consumption of seafood should not exceed the maximum safe daily intake (MSDC). The MSDC of seafood in this study ranged from 15.5 (yellowfin tuna) to 474 (salmon) g d-1.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81337918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.5
Z. Batooli, Saeed Zarein-Dolab, Azam Mohamadloo, M. Rahimzadeh
Plastics bags waste presets serious danger to human and animal health. A descriptive study was conducted on 250 consumers who were shopping in different stores of Kashan city in Iran in 2020 to investigate the consumers’ intention, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control towards reducing the consumption of plastic bags and using cloth bags based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Stratified sampling was applied to select the consumers to filled out a questionnaire developed based on the TPB in Farsi. A path analysis was used to investigate whether attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control would have any relation with the intention to reduce the consumption of plastic bags and to use cloth bags and whether the pathway model was acceptable. Results showed that certain demographic characteristics such as age and gender affects the perceived behavioral control. Employed consumers had stronger intention in using cloth bags. The path analysis results showed positive correlations between intention and other components of TPB such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. There was a medium correlation between different dimensions of TPB. Weak correlation was observed between the attitude and perceived behavioral control and maximum correlation was observed between perceived behavioral control and intention. Employed and housewives consumers had strong intentions in using clothe bags. Attitude was not a strong determinant of intention and perceived behavioral control. Thus educational and awareness-raising programs should be accompanied by other reinforcing/ encouraging programs targeting at changing the intention directly. Employed individuals and housewives are more likely to change their behavior and benefit from such programs.
{"title":"Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Determine Consumer Intention \u0000in Choosing Cloth vs Plastic Bags","authors":"Z. Batooli, Saeed Zarein-Dolab, Azam Mohamadloo, M. Rahimzadeh","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics bags waste presets serious danger to human and animal health. A descriptive study was conducted on 250 consumers who were shopping in different stores of Kashan city in Iran in 2020 to investigate the consumers’ intention, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control towards reducing the consumption of plastic bags and using cloth bags based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Stratified sampling was applied to select the consumers to filled out a questionnaire developed based on the TPB in Farsi. A path analysis was used to investigate whether attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control would have any relation with the intention to reduce the consumption of plastic bags and to use cloth bags and whether the pathway model was acceptable. Results showed that certain demographic characteristics such as age and gender affects the perceived behavioral control. Employed consumers had stronger intention in using cloth bags. The path analysis results showed positive correlations between intention and other components of TPB such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. There was a medium correlation between different dimensions of TPB. Weak correlation was observed between the attitude and perceived behavioral control and maximum correlation was observed between perceived behavioral control and intention. Employed and housewives consumers had strong intentions in using clothe bags. Attitude was not a strong determinant of intention and perceived behavioral control. Thus educational and awareness-raising programs should be accompanied by other reinforcing/ encouraging programs targeting at changing the intention directly. Employed individuals and housewives are more likely to change their behavior and benefit from such programs.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81940623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.6
Wenyville Nabor Galang, Ian Dominic Tabañag, M. Loretero
{"title":"RS-GIS Approach on Biomass Energy Potential Estimation of Sugarcane Residues in Medellin, Cebu","authors":"Wenyville Nabor Galang, Ian Dominic Tabañag, M. Loretero","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77669407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.7
Yutthana Phankamolsil, A. Rittima, Sasipong Rantasewee, Yutthana Talaluxmana, Kritsanat Surakit, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon, Wudhichart Sawangphol, J. Kraisangka
This study developed a groundwater flow model to propose the possible Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) scheme for sustainable use of groundwater in the Upper Greater Mae Klong Irrigation Project, Thailand. The site suitability for MAR scheme was assessed through the GIS–based Multi–Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) using the Simple Additive Weighted (SAW) method. Five key relevant factors namely; groundwater drawdown, soil texture, depth to groundwater table, land slope and distance to surface water source were chosen as assessment criteria and reclassified for the analysis of site selection for MAR scheme. The results illustrate the potential site for the managed aquifer recharge scheme in the southwest of the Phanom Thuan Operation and Maintenance Project where soil texture is immensely sandy loam. The results of groundwater flow model also exhibit that 14 designated injection wells with discharge rate of 200 m3 d-1, each of which delineated in the potential area, can increase the hydraulic head in the aquifer ranging from 0.00–0.50 m during 2000–2016. In addition, a high increase of the hydraulic head in the aquifer is found nearby the locations of designated injection wells.
{"title":"Analysis of Potential Site for Managed Aquifer Recharge Scheme in the Upper Greater Mae Klong Irrigation Project, Thailand","authors":"Yutthana Phankamolsil, A. Rittima, Sasipong Rantasewee, Yutthana Talaluxmana, Kritsanat Surakit, Allan Sriratana Tabucanon, Wudhichart Sawangphol, J. Kraisangka","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a groundwater flow model to propose the possible Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) scheme for sustainable use of groundwater in the Upper Greater Mae Klong Irrigation Project, Thailand. The site suitability for MAR scheme was assessed through the GIS–based Multi–Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) using the Simple Additive Weighted (SAW) method. Five key relevant factors namely; groundwater drawdown, soil texture, depth to groundwater table, land slope and distance to surface water source were chosen as assessment criteria and reclassified for the analysis of site selection for MAR scheme. The results illustrate the potential site for the managed aquifer recharge scheme in the southwest of the Phanom Thuan Operation and Maintenance Project where soil texture is immensely sandy loam. The results of groundwater flow model also exhibit that 14 designated injection wells with discharge rate of 200 m3 d-1, each of which delineated in the potential area, can increase the hydraulic head in the aquifer ranging from 0.00–0.50 m during 2000–2016. In addition, a high increase of the hydraulic head in the aquifer is found nearby the locations of designated injection wells.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75754276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.4
A. Jampeetong, Pakawat Janyasupab
Constructed wetlands (CWs), a cost effective technology for wastewater treatment, consist of substrates and wetland plants, which should be selected carefully to gain highest treatment efficiency. However, studies on plant growth and responses to different types of substrates are very few. This study aims to assess the effects of substrate types on growth and root morphology of Canna indica L. and nitrogen (N) removal. Twenty-four similar sized approximately 1 month old C. indica plants were selected and grown on different substrates (gravel, pumice and biochar). All plants were supplied with a standard growth medium to which 14 mg L-1 NH4+, 14 mg L-1 NO3-, 3 mg L-1 PO43- were added and pH was adjusted to 6.5. The growth solution was renewed every week. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for 45 d. Results showed that growth of C. indica was not significantly different among treatments but differences on root morphology were found. Plants grown on pumice had the largest root diameters while plants grown on biochar had the longest roots. In the gravel-filled treatment, C. indica showed the lowest root diameter and root length but formed more internal air space in its roots. It indicates that types of substrate can affect O2 supply and root morphological adaptation. Moreover, the porous substrate bed systems were capable of eliminating more NH4+ than gravel bed systems, with the NH4+ removal rates of 5.6–6.3 mg L-1 d-1 compared to 4.7 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. The results show that porous substrates can act as plant supporting substrates and play important roles in N adsorption. Also, they can improve oxygen supply and stimulate root growth. Thus, application of porous substrates as filter media could help to increase pollutant removal efficacy of CWs.
{"title":"Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.","authors":"A. Jampeetong, Pakawat Janyasupab","doi":"10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.44.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed wetlands (CWs), a cost effective technology for wastewater treatment, consist of substrates and wetland plants, which should be selected carefully to gain highest treatment efficiency. However, studies on plant growth and responses to different types of substrates are very few. This study aims to assess the effects of substrate types on growth and root morphology of Canna indica L. and nitrogen (N) removal. Twenty-four similar sized approximately 1 month old C. indica plants were selected and grown on different substrates (gravel, pumice and biochar). All plants were supplied with a standard growth medium to which 14 mg L-1 NH4+, 14 mg L-1 NO3-, 3 mg L-1 PO43- were added and pH was adjusted to 6.5. The growth solution was renewed every week. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for 45 d. Results showed that growth of C. indica was not significantly different among treatments but differences on root morphology were found. Plants grown on pumice had the largest root diameters while plants grown on biochar had the longest roots. In the gravel-filled treatment, C. indica showed the lowest root diameter and root length but formed more internal air space in its roots. It indicates that types of substrate can affect O2 supply and root morphological adaptation. Moreover, the porous substrate bed systems were capable of eliminating more NH4+ than gravel bed systems, with the NH4+ removal rates of 5.6–6.3 mg L-1 d-1 compared to 4.7 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. The results show that porous substrates can act as plant supporting substrates and play important roles in N adsorption. Also, they can improve oxygen supply and stimulate root growth. Thus, application of porous substrates as filter media could help to increase pollutant removal efficacy of CWs.","PeriodicalId":36747,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81006294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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