G. Karunakaran, T. Sakthivel, M. Arivalagan, D. C. Lakshmana Reddy, P. C. Tripathi, D. Kalaivanan
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is an exotic vine cactus, rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, commonly known as ‘pitaya’ is a weather resilient crop. In order to develop superior varieties, a large number of progenies obtained from open pollinated seedling of cvs. Hiryur red, Vietnam pink and Vietnam red were raised and evaluated. To broaden the genetic base with desired traits, seeds of Hirehalli red and Hirehalli white were irradiated with gamma rays (500, 600 and 700 Gy), EMS (2.25, 2.5 and 2.75%) and sodium azide (0.04, 0.05 and 0.06%) and evaluated for horticultural traits. Three elite progenies such as CHESH-D1, CHESH-D2, and CHESH-D3 were obtained from open pollinated seedlings of cvs. Hiryur red, Vietnam red and Vietnam pink, respectively, and one EMS (2.5%) treated mutant i.e. CHESH-DE were selected based on their morphological and yield traits. The selection CHESH-D1 performed superior with highest fruit weight (507.71 g) and yield (39.50 kg/ pole) compared to CHESH-D2 and CHESH-D3. The biochemical characters namely, TSS (15.35 oB), total sugars (5.95 g), reducing sugars (4.91 g) and betalains (21.2 mg BCE) were recorded highest in CHESH-D2, and one EMS (2.5%) treated mutant from cv. Hirehalli red showed better adaptability and dwarfness. These elite progenies are at final stage of performance assessment to be released as variety in India.
{"title":"Investigation on promising progenies of Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)","authors":"G. Karunakaran, T. Sakthivel, M. Arivalagan, D. C. Lakshmana Reddy, P. C. Tripathi, D. Kalaivanan","doi":"10.24154/w166bf51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/w166bf51","url":null,"abstract":"Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is an exotic vine cactus, rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, commonly known as ‘pitaya’ is a weather resilient crop. In order to develop superior varieties, a large number of progenies obtained from open pollinated seedling of cvs. Hiryur red, Vietnam pink and Vietnam red were raised and evaluated. To broaden the genetic base with desired traits, seeds of Hirehalli red and Hirehalli white were irradiated with gamma rays (500, 600 and 700 Gy), EMS (2.25, 2.5 and 2.75%) and sodium azide (0.04, 0.05 and 0.06%) and evaluated for horticultural traits. Three elite progenies such as CHESH-D1, CHESH-D2, and CHESH-D3 were obtained from open pollinated seedlings of cvs. Hiryur red, Vietnam red and Vietnam pink, respectively, and one EMS (2.5%) treated mutant i.e. CHESH-DE were selected based on their morphological and yield traits. The selection CHESH-D1 performed superior with highest fruit weight (507.71 g) and yield (39.50 kg/ pole) compared to CHESH-D2 and CHESH-D3. The biochemical characters namely, TSS (15.35 oB), total sugars (5.95 g), reducing sugars (4.91 g) and betalains (21.2 mg BCE) were recorded highest in CHESH-D2, and one EMS (2.5%) treated mutant from cv. Hirehalli red showed better adaptability and dwarfness. These elite progenies are at final stage of performance assessment to be released as variety in India.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Kabiri, O. Kodad, F. Hernandez, F. Lachkham, H. Hanine
The present study was conducted to assess the physico-biochemical variability in 35 genotypes of loquat using multivariate analyses, in order to provide efficient criteria and promising genotypes for the loquat genetic breeding program. Mature fruits were collected from 35 loquat genotypes, belonging to the Zegzel valley, were subjected to physico-biochemical analyses. The results revealed a juice yield ranging from 0.21 to 0.65 g/g FW, and a polyphenols content fluctuating from 322.8 to 366.89 µg GAE. g-1 DM. Regarding DPPH test, with a range of 3.35 and 7.6 µmol TE. g-1 DM, showed a positive correlation with total polyphenol content (r2= 0.76) and flavonoid content (r2= 0.72). Moreover, a negative correlation was recorded between the total soluble solids content and juice yield (r2=- 0.47), which was moderately correlated with vitamin C (r2= 0.59). In addition, the components analysis results revealed a significant and independent contribution of bio-physicochemicalcharacteristics in the loquat variation. Indeed, biochemical characteristics contribute to PC1, while, physicochemical parameters contribute to PC2 and PC3. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis classified the 35 genotypes into four homogeneous groups independently of their geographic origin. According to these findings, the genotypes T9, T12, Z16, Z17 and TA9 exhibited high total sugar content, while, genotypes T9 and T11 provide high carotenoids, flavonoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity level. As results, these genotypes can be directly recommended for the vegetative propagation as well as applied along with the efficient characters in future loquat breeding programs.
{"title":"Assessment of physico-biochemical parameters of Moroccan loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) genotypes using multivariate analysis","authors":"G. Kabiri, O. Kodad, F. Hernandez, F. Lachkham, H. Hanine","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2041","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the physico-biochemical variability in 35 genotypes of loquat using multivariate analyses, in order to provide efficient criteria and promising genotypes for the loquat genetic breeding program. Mature fruits were collected from 35 loquat genotypes, belonging to the Zegzel valley, were subjected to physico-biochemical analyses. The results revealed a juice yield ranging from 0.21 to 0.65 g/g FW, and a polyphenols content fluctuating from 322.8 to 366.89 µg GAE. g-1 DM. Regarding DPPH test, with a range of 3.35 and 7.6 µmol TE. g-1 DM, showed a positive correlation with total polyphenol content (r2= 0.76) and flavonoid content (r2= 0.72). Moreover, a negative correlation was recorded between the total soluble solids content and juice yield (r2=- 0.47), which was moderately correlated with vitamin C (r2= 0.59). In addition, the components analysis results revealed a significant and independent contribution of bio-physicochemicalcharacteristics in the loquat variation. Indeed, biochemical characteristics contribute to PC1, while, physicochemical parameters contribute to PC2 and PC3. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis classified the 35 genotypes into four homogeneous groups independently of their geographic origin. According to these findings, the genotypes T9, T12, Z16, Z17 and TA9 exhibited high total sugar content, while, genotypes T9 and T11 provide high carotenoids, flavonoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity level. As results, these genotypes can be directly recommended for the vegetative propagation as well as applied along with the efficient characters in future loquat breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. H. Sushmitha, T. Sakthivel, M. Sankaran, K. S. Shivashankara, M. Dhananjaya, D. C. Lakshmana Reddy, R. Venugopalan
Annona hybrid Arka Sahan has become a commercially important fruit in recent times and it needs an assisted pollination to get good size. Studies on floral biology of Annona hybrid Arka Sahan revealed that major bloom occurs during March-April. Most of the flowers start opening during the afternoon and continued till 7.00 pm, while, pollen dehiscence mainly occurred in early morning in the following day. The maximum stigma receptivity was recorded on the day of anthesis. Completely pendulous petal was more common in Arka Sahan flowers resulting = improper pollination. The minimum number of beetles and bees were observed between 7.00 to 8.00 am. Pollen germination and viability were lower at anthesis (5.8% and 44%, respectively) and declined as the day progressed. The pendulous nature of petals eventually brings some un-pollinated stigmas potentially resulting in delayed selfing leading to misshaped fruits.
Annona 杂交品种 Arka Sahan 近来已成为一种重要的商业水果，它需要辅助授粉才能获得良好的果实大小。Annona 杂交品种 Arka Sahan 的花生物学研究表明，主要花期在 3-4 月。大部分花朵从下午开始开放，一直持续到晚上 7 点，而花粉开裂主要发生在第二天清晨。花期当天的柱头受精率最高。完全下垂的花瓣在阿尔卡萨汉花中更为常见，导致授粉不当。早上 7.00 至 8.00 之间观察到的甲虫和蜜蜂数量最少。花粉发芽率和存活率在花期较低（分别为 5.8% 和 44%），并随着时间的推移而下降。花瓣下垂的特性最终会带来一些未授粉的柱头，这可能会导致自交延迟，从而导致果实畸形。
{"title":"Floral biology and reproductive potential of Annona hybrid Arka Sahan","authors":"B. H. Sushmitha, T. Sakthivel, M. Sankaran, K. S. Shivashankara, M. Dhananjaya, D. C. Lakshmana Reddy, R. Venugopalan","doi":"10.24154/a3q2cj10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/a3q2cj10","url":null,"abstract":"Annona hybrid Arka Sahan has become a commercially important fruit in recent times and it needs an assisted pollination to get good size. Studies on floral biology of Annona hybrid Arka Sahan revealed that major bloom occurs during March-April. Most of the flowers start opening during the afternoon and continued till 7.00 pm, while, pollen dehiscence mainly occurred in early morning in the following day. The maximum stigma receptivity was recorded on the day of anthesis. Completely pendulous petal was more common in Arka Sahan flowers resulting = improper pollination. The minimum number of beetles and bees were observed between 7.00 to 8.00 am. Pollen germination and viability were lower at anthesis (5.8% and 44%, respectively) and declined as the day progressed. The pendulous nature of petals eventually brings some un-pollinated stigmas potentially resulting in delayed selfing leading to misshaped fruits.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T T Tran, H. P. Nguyen, T T H Tran, Thi Thuy Tien Le
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various physiological processes of plants. Drought stress poses a significant threat to plant growth, making it imperative to study the effects of Mo in mitigating its impact on Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. This study aims to investigate the influence of molybdenum on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. The study delves into the physiological and biochemical responses of these plants to Mo supplementation to comprehend the mechanisms by which Mo enhances drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation. The results revealed that Mo supplementation (150 g ha-1) significantly improves the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. In particular, the application of Mo under drought stress leads to a notable increase in yield, as indicated by the improvement in productivity from 3.41 to 4.25 (kg m-2) and 3.89 to 4.97 (kg m-2) in Brassica parachinensis and Brassica integrifolia, respectively. Furthermore, Mo supplementation enhances chlorophyll levels, thereby promoting efficient photosynthesis. Additionally, it positively affects the accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and proteins, indicating improved nutrient assimilation and utilization in the plants. These findings suggest that Mo supplementation plays a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation in Brassica species. The study highlights the potential of Mo as a valuable tool for improving crop productivity and resilience under drought-stress conditions
钼（Mo）是一种重要的微量元素，在植物的各种生理过程中发挥着关键作用。干旱胁迫对植物生长构成重大威胁，因此必须研究钼在减轻干旱胁迫对 Brassica parachinensis L. 和 Brassica integrifolia L. 的影响方面的作用。研究深入探讨了这些植物对补钼的生理生化反应，以了解钼增强耐旱性和氮同化作用的机制。研究结果表明，在干旱胁迫条件下补充钼（150 克/公顷-1）能显著改善芸苔属植物的生长和氮代谢。特别是，在干旱胁迫条件下施用钼可显著提高产量，这表现在莴苣和甘蓝的产量分别从 3.41 kg m-2 提高到 4.25 kg m-2 和 3.89 kg m-2 提高到 4.97 kg m-2。此外，补充钼还能提高叶绿素水平，从而促进高效光合作用。此外，它还对可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质的积累产生了积极影响，表明植物对养分的同化和利用得到了改善。这些研究结果表明，钼的补充在提高芸苔属植物的耐旱性和氮同化方面起着至关重要的作用。这项研究强调了钼作为一种有价值的工具，在干旱胁迫条件下提高作物产量和抗逆性的潜力。
{"title":"Effect of molybdenum on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. under drought stress","authors":"T T Tran, H. P. Nguyen, T T H Tran, Thi Thuy Tien Le","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2267","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various physiological processes of plants. Drought stress poses a significant threat to plant growth, making it imperative to study the effects of Mo in mitigating its impact on Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. This study aims to investigate the influence of molybdenum on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. The study delves into the physiological and biochemical responses of these plants to Mo supplementation to comprehend the mechanisms by which Mo enhances drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation. The results revealed that Mo supplementation (150 g ha-1) significantly improves the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica species under drought-stress conditions. In particular, the application of Mo under drought stress leads to a notable increase in yield, as indicated by the improvement in productivity from 3.41 to 4.25 (kg m-2) and 3.89 to 4.97 (kg m-2) in Brassica parachinensis and Brassica integrifolia, respectively. Furthermore, Mo supplementation enhances chlorophyll levels, thereby promoting efficient photosynthesis. Additionally, it positively affects the accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and proteins, indicating improved nutrient assimilation and utilization in the plants. These findings suggest that Mo supplementation plays a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance and nitrogen assimilation in Brassica species. The study highlights the potential of Mo as a valuable tool for improving crop productivity and resilience under drought-stress conditions","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sridhar V, R. P. V., Vidyashree L K, Sree Chandana P, Hadapad Ashok B
Laboratory studies were conducted to standardise optimum dose of gamma irradiation to induce sterility in males of South American tomato moth [Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)], a major pest on tomato. Among the different irradiation doses tested, 150 Gy was found to be effective to induce male sterility in P. absoluta, where sterile males exhibited mating competitiveness, significantly reduced fecundity and hatchability in F1 and F2 generations. Five days old pupae were found ideal for exposing to gamma irradiation to induce male sterility in P. absoluta that could be used for area wide management using SIT.
实验室研究了伽马辐照诱导南美番茄蛾（Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)）雄性不育的最佳剂量。在测试的不同辐照剂量中，发现 150 Gy 能有效诱导 P. absoluta 的雄性不育，不育雄虫表现出交配竞争力，F1 和 F2 代的受精率和孵化率显著降低。用伽马射线照射五天大的蛹可诱导绝对拟尾柱虫的雄性不育，并可利用 SIT 进行大面积管理。
{"title":"Standardisation of gamma irradiation dose for Sterile Insect Technique to manage South American tomato moth [Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)]","authors":"Sridhar V, R. P. V., Vidyashree L K, Sree Chandana P, Hadapad Ashok B","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2303","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory studies were conducted to standardise optimum dose of gamma irradiation to induce sterility in males of South American tomato moth [Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)], a major pest on tomato. Among the different irradiation doses tested, 150 Gy was found to be effective to induce male sterility in P. absoluta, where sterile males exhibited mating competitiveness, significantly reduced fecundity and hatchability in F1 and F2 generations. Five days old pupae were found ideal for exposing to gamma irradiation to induce male sterility in P. absoluta that could be used for area wide management using SIT.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muralidhara B M, S. T, S. K S, K. G, Honnabyraiah M K, Savadi S, Venkatravanappa V, V. R., Lakshmana Reddy D C
A unique avocado accession PA-026 (IC0644455) bearing yellow colour fruits was identified and evaluated for morphological and biochemical parameters. The accessions PA-026 characterise as yellow coloured pulp, young shoots and leaf midribs, fruit weight (398.3 g), pulp weight (255.38 g), seed weight (92.35 g) and peel thickness (1.43 mm). The biochemical profiling showed that, it has high carotenoid content (7.17 mg/100 g), total phenols (102.24 mg GAE/100 g), FRAP activity (87.32 AEAC/100 g) and high β-carotene (3.85 μg/g) followed by α-carotene (1.03 μg/g), while, fatty acid profile showed presence of five fatty acids, among which oleic acid (52.11%) and palmitic acid (41.56%) were most dominant. In conclusion, avocado accession PA-026 was found unique with respect to yellow fruit, pulp colour, and high carotenoid content especially β-carotene, which could be used to improve the carotenoids content in avocado through breeding.
{"title":"Morpho-biochemical characterization of a unique avocado (Persia americana Mill.) accession PA-026 (IC0644455)","authors":"Muralidhara B M, S. T, S. K S, K. G, Honnabyraiah M K, Savadi S, Venkatravanappa V, V. R., Lakshmana Reddy D C","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1675","url":null,"abstract":"A unique avocado accession PA-026 (IC0644455) bearing yellow colour fruits was identified and evaluated for morphological and biochemical parameters. The accessions PA-026 characterise as yellow coloured pulp, young shoots and leaf midribs, fruit weight (398.3 g), pulp weight (255.38 g), seed weight (92.35 g) and peel thickness (1.43 mm). The biochemical profiling showed that, it has high carotenoid content (7.17 mg/100 g), total phenols (102.24 mg GAE/100 g), FRAP activity (87.32 AEAC/100 g) and high β-carotene (3.85 μg/g) followed by α-carotene (1.03 μg/g), while, fatty acid profile showed presence of five fatty acids, among which oleic acid (52.11%) and palmitic acid (41.56%) were most dominant. In conclusion, avocado accession PA-026 was found unique with respect to yellow fruit, pulp colour, and high carotenoid content especially β-carotene, which could be used to improve the carotenoids content in avocado through breeding.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Perveen, M. R. Dinesh, M. Sankaran, K. S. Shivashankara
The volatile compound (VC) compositions of putative mutants were estimated and compared with the untreated seedlings and mother plants of mango genotype Bappakkai. Sesquiterpenes were the major VC detected in mother plants, control plants and putative mutant samples viz., BM4, BM5 and BM6, while, monoterpenes dominated the volatile fractions of other three putative mutant samples. A positive and significantly high correlation between all the mother plants, between mother plants and control seedlings as well as between the control seedlings, suggests a high level of similarity or lack of variability between mother plants and control seedlings, indicating that they might be of nucellar origin. Hence, we conclude that volatile profiling can be used as a biochemical marker for characterization and validation of putative mutants in polyembryonic mango genotypes.
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of gamma-ray induced mutants in mango","authors":"N. Perveen, M. R. Dinesh, M. Sankaran, K. S. Shivashankara","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1841","url":null,"abstract":"The volatile compound (VC) compositions of putative mutants were estimated and compared with the untreated seedlings and mother plants of mango genotype Bappakkai. Sesquiterpenes were the major VC detected in mother plants, control plants and putative mutant samples viz., BM4, BM5 and BM6, while, monoterpenes dominated the volatile fractions of other three putative mutant samples. A positive and significantly high correlation between all the mother plants, between mother plants and control seedlings as well as between the control seedlings, suggests a high level of similarity or lack of variability between mother plants and control seedlings, indicating that they might be of nucellar origin. Hence, we conclude that volatile profiling can be used as a biochemical marker for characterization and validation of putative mutants in polyembryonic mango genotypes.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), family Arecaceae or Palmae, is cultivated mostly in the arid regions of the world. The crop has played a significant role in the economy of these countries, provides nutritional security, besides helping to mitigate the adverse effects of desertification and climate change over centuries. Date palm personifies human civilization in the arid countries. It is estimated that there are 150 million date palms worldwide, and 75% of these in the Near East and North Africa region. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the global production of dates has increased from just 1.8 million tons in 1962 to nearly 9.75 million tons in 2022. In India, commercial dates are cultivated mainly in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan which are emerging as major producers of fresh dates. Besides, local and wild dates are abound across the country. Dates are consumed fresh or in dry form and considered a complete food, providing food and nutrition security through a wide range of essential nutrients that have beneficial effects on human health. This article presents an overview of dates on nutrition and human health besides giving an insight on propagation, production, protection, processing, marketing, and associated challenges plaguing the sector.
{"title":"Date palm-A gift for health and nutrition: national and international scenario","authors":"F. J. R., Krishna Kumar N K","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2508","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), family Arecaceae or Palmae, is cultivated mostly in the arid regions of the world. The crop has played a significant role in the economy of these countries, provides nutritional security, besides helping to mitigate the adverse effects of desertification and climate change over centuries. Date palm personifies human civilization in the arid countries. It is estimated that there are 150 million date palms worldwide, and 75% of these in the Near East and North Africa region. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the global production of dates has increased from just 1.8 million tons in 1962 to nearly 9.75 million tons in 2022. In India, commercial dates are cultivated mainly in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan which are emerging as major producers of fresh dates. Besides, local and wild dates are abound across the country. Dates are consumed fresh or in dry form and considered a complete food, providing food and nutrition security through a wide range of essential nutrients that have beneficial effects on human health. This article presents an overview of dates on nutrition and human health besides giving an insight on propagation, production, protection, processing, marketing, and associated challenges plaguing the sector.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nusrat Parveen, Khan A H, Tahir M, Aslam R, Amin E, Riaz M, Aleem S, Ghafoor I, Akbar S
The increasing threat of heat stress in agriculture, fueled by the relentless rise in global temperatures, presents a formidable challenge for vegetable crops. High-temperature stress instigates intricate morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in vegetables, resulting in a noticeable decline in yield and an overall compromise in quality. Mitigating these challenges necessitates the imperative development of heat-tolerant vegetable varieties, underscoring the need for a nuanced understanding of crop responses to the rigors of high-temperature stress. This comprehensive review systematically explores the multifaceted impacts of heat stress on vegetable crops, spanning morphological traits, physiological processes, and molecular dynamics. Beyond the identification of challenges, the review explores into the intricate adaptive mechanisms employed by vegetables to counteract the stresses imposed by elevated temperatures, besides exploring in detailed how these crops navigate and respond to the physiological disruptions caused by heat stress. Further, it also assesses the efficacy of diverse genomic approaches in the development of heat-tolerant vegetable varieties. In addition, the review explores genomic tools such as genomic selection, transgenic approaches, and genome editing technologies, which hold promise in expediting the development of vegetable varieties endowed with enhanced thermo-tolerance and heightened productivity. By synthesizing insights from diverse scientific realms, the review aspires to provide a comprehensive and integrative perspective on mitigating the adverse impacts of heat stress on vegetable crops, paving the way for sustainable agricultural practices in the face of escalating global temperatures.
{"title":"Understanding heat tolerance in vegetables: Physiological and molecular insights, and contemporary genomic approaches for enhancing heat stress resilience","authors":"Nusrat Parveen, Khan A H, Tahir M, Aslam R, Amin E, Riaz M, Aleem S, Ghafoor I, Akbar S","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.1672","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing threat of heat stress in agriculture, fueled by the relentless rise in global temperatures, presents a formidable challenge for vegetable crops. High-temperature stress instigates intricate morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in vegetables, resulting in a noticeable decline in yield and an overall compromise in quality. Mitigating these challenges necessitates the imperative development of heat-tolerant vegetable varieties, underscoring the need for a nuanced understanding of crop responses to the rigors of high-temperature stress. This comprehensive review systematically explores the multifaceted impacts of heat stress on vegetable crops, spanning morphological traits, physiological processes, and molecular dynamics. Beyond the identification of challenges, the review explores into the intricate adaptive mechanisms employed by vegetables to counteract the stresses imposed by elevated temperatures, besides exploring in detailed how these crops navigate and respond to the physiological disruptions caused by heat stress. Further, it also assesses the efficacy of diverse genomic approaches in the development of heat-tolerant vegetable varieties. In addition, the review explores genomic tools such as genomic selection, transgenic approaches, and genome editing technologies, which hold promise in expediting the development of vegetable varieties endowed with enhanced thermo-tolerance and heightened productivity. By synthesizing insights from diverse scientific realms, the review aspires to provide a comprehensive and integrative perspective on mitigating the adverse impacts of heat stress on vegetable crops, paving the way for sustainable agricultural practices in the face of escalating global temperatures.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vanlalneihi, Radha P L, Subbaraman Sriram, Kambham Madhavi Reddy
Anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious production constraint causing severe marketable yield loss in chilli. Field evaluation of chilli accessions for resistance to Colletotrichum spp. depends on various factors affecting disease expression such as edaphic conditions, temperature, rainfall, humidity and other variables that are difficult to control, therefore considered less accurate. Also, high chances of cross contamination with different Colletotrichum species leads to inconclusive assays for specific pathogen species and isolate. To identify a stable and reliable screening method, various chilli accessions were subjected to in vitro pin-prick and non-wounding spray methods using a specific pathogen isolates. When chilli accessions were screened against C. gloeosporioides isolate ‘IHRCg-1’, the in vitro pin- prick method showed positive correlation with the non- wounding spray method, except in the accession PBC80. The change in bioassay influenced the disease reaction pattern in the accession PBC 80, probably the pin pricks break the basal cuticle defense mechanism that was retained in spray inoculation method indicating varied resistance pattern. However, in the accession PBC 81 stable resistance pattern was observed against isolates of both species viz., C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ and C. gloeosporioides ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and in the accession PBC 80 against C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ in both the inoculation methods that depicted the expression of resistance genes during both methods of inoculation. Based on disease development pattern, the red ripe chilli expressed a variant reaction to infection by C. truncatum and C. gloeosporioides. The peak anthracnose infection at 10 DAI and 14 DAI is an accurate duration to record ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and ‘IIHR Ct-1’ infection, respectively on chilli ripe fruit for assaying the resistance.
由 Colletotrichum spp.引起的炭疽病果实腐烂是一种严重的生产制约因素，会造成辣椒严重的市场产量损失。对辣椒品种对 Colletotrichum spp.的抗性进行田间评估取决于影响病害表现的各种因素，如土壤条件、温度、降雨量、湿度和其他难以控制的变量，因此准确性较低。此外，不同 Colletotrichum 种类交叉感染的几率很高，导致对特定病原体种类和分离物的检测无法得出结论。为了确定一种稳定可靠的筛选方法，使用特定的病原体分离物对不同的辣椒品种进行了体外针刺法和无伤口喷雾法试验。在针对球孢子菌分离物 "IHRCg-1 "筛选辣椒品种时，除 PBC80 外，体外针刺法与无伤口喷雾法呈现出正相关。生物测定方法的改变影响了品种 PBC 80 的病害反应模式，可能是针刺破坏了基部角质层的防御机制，而喷雾接种法保留了这一机制，表明抗性模式各不相同。然而，在 PBC 81 中，两种接种方法都能观察到其对两种分离物（即 C. truncatum 'IIHR Ct-1' 和 C. gloeosporioides 'IIHR Cg-1'）的稳定抗性模式，而在 PBC 80 中，两种接种方法都能观察到其对 C. truncatum 'IIHR Ct-1'的稳定抗性模式，这说明在两种接种方法中都有抗性基因的表达。根据病害发展模式，红熟辣椒对 C. truncatum 和 C. gloeosporioides 的感染表现出不同的反应。10 DAI 和 14 DAI 是炭疽病感染的高峰期，可分别记录辣椒成熟果实上 "IIHR Cg-1 "和 "IIHR Ct-1 "的感染情况，以评估抗性。
{"title":"Evaluation of screening methods for anthracnose fruit rot resistance in chilli (Capsicum spp.)","authors":"B. Vanlalneihi, Radha P L, Subbaraman Sriram, Kambham Madhavi Reddy","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2037","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious production constraint causing severe marketable yield loss in chilli. Field evaluation of chilli accessions for resistance to Colletotrichum spp. depends on various factors affecting disease expression such as edaphic conditions, temperature, rainfall, humidity and other variables that are difficult to control, therefore considered less accurate. Also, high chances of cross contamination with different Colletotrichum species leads to inconclusive assays for specific pathogen species and isolate. To identify a stable and reliable screening method, various chilli accessions were subjected to in vitro pin-prick and non-wounding spray methods using a specific pathogen isolates. When chilli accessions were screened against C. gloeosporioides isolate ‘IHRCg-1’, the in vitro pin- prick method showed positive correlation with the non- wounding spray method, except in the accession PBC80. The change in bioassay influenced the disease reaction pattern in the accession PBC 80, probably the pin pricks break the basal cuticle defense mechanism that was retained in spray inoculation method indicating varied resistance pattern. However, in the accession PBC 81 stable resistance pattern was observed against isolates of both species viz., C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ and C. gloeosporioides ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and in the accession PBC 80 against C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ in both the inoculation methods that depicted the expression of resistance genes during both methods of inoculation. Based on disease development pattern, the red ripe chilli expressed a variant reaction to infection by C. truncatum and C. gloeosporioides. The peak anthracnose infection at 10 DAI and 14 DAI is an accurate duration to record ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and ‘IIHR Ct-1’ infection, respectively on chilli ripe fruit for assaying the resistance.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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