Mahananda Patil, T. Bharathi, T. Usharani, Rajiv Kumar, B. S. Kulkarni
A study was carried out to standardize the sterilization protocol for different explants (terminal stem scale,immature flower bud and tepal segment) and to select the suitable explant for the direct organogenesis of tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav. The highest survival per cent (100) and uncontaminated cultures (0.00) of terminal stem scale explant was observed in pre-treatment with overnight soaking of terminal stem scale in the solution comprising carbendazim (0.1%), chlorothalonil (0.05%) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cetrimide) (0.05%) and subsequently surface sterilization with 70% ethanol (1 min), 4% sodium hypochlorite (10 min) followed by 0.1% HgCl2 (15 min). The explant immature flower bud recorded the highest survival per cent (100) and maximum aseptic cultures in the treatment T1 comprised of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min). Pre-treatment of tepal segment explant in 0.1% carbendazim (30 min) solution followed by surface sterilization with combination of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min) registered 91.66% of survival with the minimum contamination (10%) in the treatment. Among the three explants used, the terminal stem scale was found suitable for direct organogenesis with early greenness (5.72 days) and highly responsive to shoot induction (100%) in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L IAA. Other two explants viz., immature flower bud and tepal segment failed to respond for direct organogenesis by shoot induction instead produced profuse callus.
{"title":"Standardization of sterilization protocol for explants and its suitability for direct organogenesis in tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav","authors":"Mahananda Patil, T. Bharathi, T. Usharani, Rajiv Kumar, B. S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2160","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to standardize the sterilization protocol for different explants (terminal stem scale,immature flower bud and tepal segment) and to select the suitable explant for the direct organogenesis of tuberose cv. Arka Vaibhav. The highest survival per cent (100) and uncontaminated cultures (0.00) of terminal stem scale explant was observed in pre-treatment with overnight soaking of terminal stem scale in the solution comprising carbendazim (0.1%), chlorothalonil (0.05%) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cetrimide) (0.05%) and subsequently surface sterilization with 70% ethanol (1 min), 4% sodium hypochlorite (10 min) followed by 0.1% HgCl2 (15 min). The explant immature flower bud recorded the highest survival per cent (100) and maximum aseptic cultures in the treatment T1 comprised of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min). Pre-treatment of tepal segment explant in 0.1% carbendazim (30 min) solution followed by surface sterilization with combination of 1.0 drop Tween-20 + 70% ethanol (30 sec) followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite (3 min) registered 91.66% of survival with the minimum contamination (10%) in the treatment. Among the three explants used, the terminal stem scale was found suitable for direct organogenesis with early greenness (5.72 days) and highly responsive to shoot induction (100%) in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L IAA. Other two explants viz., immature flower bud and tepal segment failed to respond for direct organogenesis by shoot induction instead produced profuse callus.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":" 97","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72380308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant extracts have been used as reducing and stabilising agents to synthesise various metal-based nanoparticles due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. In the present work, a green and environment-friendly method is adopted for synthesising silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a biowaste of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) peel aqueous extract at 80ºC in an alkaline condition. The Ag NPs were characterised through various analytical and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectra of Ag NPs showed a characteristic peak between 400 - 410 nm. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed spherical monodispersed particles with an average size of 7 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver and silver chloride among the principal elements. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra showed the crystalline nature of synthesised silver and silver chloride nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles showed potential antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum spores in both in vitro conidial germination and spread plate assays. The efficacy of the synthesised NPs confirmed that these NPs could be used as potential antifungal agents against C. truncatum to control anthracnose in chilli.
{"title":"Dragon fruit peel extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose in chilli","authors":"Shivakumar Gowda, S. Sriram","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2165","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts have been used as reducing and stabilising agents to synthesise various metal-based nanoparticles due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. In the present work, a green and environment-friendly method is adopted for synthesising silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a biowaste of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) peel aqueous extract at 80ºC in an alkaline condition. The Ag NPs were characterised through various analytical and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectra of Ag NPs showed a characteristic peak between 400 - 410 nm. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed spherical monodispersed particles with an average size of 7 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver and silver chloride among the principal elements. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra showed the crystalline nature of synthesised silver and silver chloride nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles showed potential antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum spores in both in vitro conidial germination and spread plate assays. The efficacy of the synthesised NPs confirmed that these NPs could be used as potential antifungal agents against C. truncatum to control anthracnose in chilli.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86124020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megha Arun, C. Vasugi, M. Krishna Reddy, G. Narabenchi, R. Rajeshwari, K. Ravishankar, Linta Vincent
Papaya is one of the most important fruit crops of tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. Though India stands first in production in the world, the productivity is low as compared to other countries due to high incidence of papaya ring spot virus (PRSV-P) attack. As all the cultivated varieties under genus Carica are susceptible to PRSV, investigations were carried out to evaluate fifteen intergeneric hybrid progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cauliflora and eighty-five progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cundinamarcencis for morphological, fruit and yield traits coupled with PRSV- P tolerance. Out of fifteen, seven progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cauliflora viz., IGHF1S4-1, IGHF1S4-12, IGHF1S4-13, IGHF1S4-14, IGHF1S4-15, IGHF1S4-17, IGHF1S4-18 and out of eighty-five, six progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cundinamarcensis viz., IGHF1S1-17, IGHF1S1-19, IGHF1S6-20, IGHF1S2-14, IGHF1S5-12 and IGHF1S5-14 recorded desirable traits such as days to first fruiting (240 to 250 days), bearing height (48 to 74 cm), plant height (175 to 200 cm), trunk circumference (37 to 48 cm), fruit weight (1133.67 to 2202.00 g), pulp thickness (2.45 to 4.05 cm), TSS (11.50 to 13.80 ºBrix), fruits/tree (40 to 58) and yield (45.00 to 78.20 kg/tree) coupled with PRSV tolerance with disease score1 (only a few tiny chlorotic spots on leaves). These progenies were selected and forwarded for next generation (F2). The hybridity was also confirmed using SSR marker (mCpCIR59).
木瓜是包括印度在内的世界热带和亚热带地区最重要的水果作物之一。虽然印度产量居世界首位，但由于番木瓜环斑病毒(PRSV-P)的高发病率，与其他国家相比，产量较低。由于Carica属栽培品种均对PRSV易感，对15个Arka prabhax V. cauliflora属间杂交后代和85个Arka prabhax V. cundinamarcensis属间杂交后代进行了形态、果实和产量性状与PRSV- P耐病性的比较研究。在15个子代中，7个‘Arka prabhax V. cauliflora即IGHF1S4-1, IGHF1S4-12, IGHF1S4-13, IGHF1S4-14, IGHF1S4-15, IGHF1S4-17, IGHF1S4-18;在85个子代中，6个‘Arka prabhax V. cundinamarcensis即IGHF1S1-17, IGHF1S1-19, IGHF1S6-20, IGHF1S2-14, IGHF1S5-12和IGHF1S5-14记录了理想的性状，如初结实天数(240至250天)，果实高度(48至74厘米)，株高(175至200厘米)，树干周长(37至48厘米)。果实重(1133.67 ~ 2202.00 g)、果肉厚度(2.45 ~ 4.05 cm)、TSS(11.50 ~ 13.80ºBrix)、果实/树数(40 ~ 58)和产量(45.00 ~ 78.20 kg/树)，以及抗PRSV能力和病分(叶片上只有几个小的褪绿斑点)。这些后代被选择并传递给下一代(F2)。利用SSR标记(mCpCIR59)对杂种性进行了验证。
{"title":"Evaluation of intergeneric F1 hybrid progenies of papaya (Arka Prabhath x Vasconcellea cauliflora and Arka Prabhath x Vasconcellea cundinamarcencis) for morphological, fruit and yield traits coupled with PRSV tolerance","authors":"Megha Arun, C. Vasugi, M. Krishna Reddy, G. Narabenchi, R. Rajeshwari, K. Ravishankar, Linta Vincent","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2142","url":null,"abstract":"Papaya is one of the most important fruit crops of tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. Though India stands first in production in the world, the productivity is low as compared to other countries due to high incidence of papaya ring spot virus (PRSV-P) attack. As all the cultivated varieties under genus Carica are susceptible to PRSV, investigations were carried out to evaluate fifteen intergeneric hybrid progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cauliflora and eighty-five progenies of Arka Prabhath x V. cundinamarcencis for morphological, fruit and yield traits coupled with PRSV- P tolerance. Out of fifteen, seven progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cauliflora viz., IGHF1S4-1, IGHF1S4-12, IGHF1S4-13, IGHF1S4-14, IGHF1S4-15, IGHF1S4-17, IGHF1S4-18 and out of eighty-five, six progenies of ‘Arka Prabhath’ x V. cundinamarcensis viz., IGHF1S1-17, IGHF1S1-19, IGHF1S6-20, IGHF1S2-14, IGHF1S5-12 and IGHF1S5-14 recorded desirable traits such as days to first fruiting (240 to 250 days), bearing height (48 to 74 cm), plant height (175 to 200 cm), trunk circumference (37 to 48 cm), fruit weight (1133.67 to 2202.00 g), pulp thickness (2.45 to 4.05 cm), TSS (11.50 to 13.80 ºBrix), fruits/tree (40 to 58) and yield (45.00 to 78.20 kg/tree) coupled with PRSV tolerance with disease score1 (only a few tiny chlorotic spots on leaves). These progenies were selected and forwarded for next generation (F2). The hybridity was also confirmed using SSR marker (mCpCIR59).","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73487314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Survey was conducted at fortnightly intervals to assess the intensity of damage caused by the invasive whiteflies in coconut in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Kanyakumari from December 2020 to August 2021. Among the four districts, Kanyakumari recorded the highest whitefly incidence (56.30%), whereas, Tenkasi showed the lowest infestation (48.83%). Two whitefly species viz., rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and bondars nesting whitefly (BNW), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi were observed in all the surveyed districts. The rugose spiralling whitefly nymphs and adult populations were found to be highest in Kanyakumari (49.46 nymphs/leaflet; 36.99 adults/leaflet) and lowest in Tenkasi (32.76 nymphs/leaflet; 26.71 adults/leaflet). Similarly, the population of bondars nesting whitefly nymphs and adults were highest in Kanyakumari (35.31 nymphs/leaflet; 34.84 adults/leaflet), whereas, the lowest nymphal population was observed in Tenkasi (22.79 nymphs/leaflet) and adult population in Thoothukudi (24.19 adults/leaflet). In morphometric analysis, length and breadth of egg (0.24 ± 0.03 mm and 0.13± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.83 ± 0.08 mm and 0.38 ± 0.04 mm), pupal (1.08 ± 0.09 mm and 0.70 ± 0.09 mm), adult (female: 2.59 ± 0.09mm, 1.71 ± 0.14 mm; male: 2.27 ± 0.21 mm, 1.30 ± 0.05 mm) was recorded for A. rugioperculatus and egg (0.15 ± 0.02 mm and 0.08 ± 0.01 mm), nymphal (0.46 ± 0.02 mm and 0.36 ± 0.02 mm), pupal (0.59 ± 0.16 mm and 0.41 ± 0.09 mm), adult (1.09 ± 0.08 mm and 0.73 ± 0.07 mm) for P. bondari.
{"title":"Seasonal incidence, population dynamics and morphometric traits of exotic coconut whiteflies in southern Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Suriya, G. Preetha, N. Balakrishnan, J. Sheela","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2167","url":null,"abstract":"Survey was conducted at fortnightly intervals to assess the intensity of damage caused by the invasive whiteflies in coconut in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Kanyakumari from December 2020 to August 2021. Among the four districts, Kanyakumari recorded the highest whitefly incidence (56.30%), whereas, Tenkasi showed the lowest infestation (48.83%). Two whitefly species viz., rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin and bondars nesting whitefly (BNW), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi were observed in all the surveyed districts. The rugose spiralling whitefly nymphs and adult populations were found to be highest in Kanyakumari (49.46 nymphs/leaflet; 36.99 adults/leaflet) and lowest in Tenkasi (32.76 nymphs/leaflet; 26.71 adults/leaflet). Similarly, the population of bondars nesting whitefly nymphs and adults were highest in Kanyakumari (35.31 nymphs/leaflet; 34.84 adults/leaflet), whereas, the lowest nymphal population was observed in Tenkasi (22.79 nymphs/leaflet) and adult population in Thoothukudi (24.19 adults/leaflet). In morphometric analysis, length and breadth of egg (0.24 ± 0.03 mm and 0.13± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.83 ± 0.08 mm and 0.38 ± 0.04 mm), pupal (1.08 ± 0.09 mm and 0.70 ± 0.09 mm), adult (female: 2.59 ± 0.09mm, 1.71 ± 0.14 mm; male: 2.27 ± 0.21 mm, 1.30 ± 0.05 mm) was recorded for A. rugioperculatus and egg (0.15 ± 0.02 mm and 0.08 ± 0.01 mm), nymphal (0.46 ± 0.02 mm and 0.36 ± 0.02 mm), pupal (0.59 ± 0.16 mm and 0.41 ± 0.09 mm), adult (1.09 ± 0.08 mm and 0.73 ± 0.07 mm) for P. bondari.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to establish an efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol using the ex vitro leaves as explants for Haworthia retusa. Leaf tissues were cultured on liquid full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L indole 3-butyric acids (IBA) for callus induction, followed by sub-cultured to solid medium for callus proliferation. Callus was then transferred to a fresh medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino adenine (BA) for shoot development. The result showed that the maximum rate of shoot regeneration (100%), number of shoots per explant (43), and shoot height (9.4 mm) were recorded on the solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 30 g/L sucrose. IBA improved rooting, whereas, NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) causes calli to form at the base of the shoots. The half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA provided the best rooting response for the shoot. This medium formulation resulted in the highest rooting rate (100%) and the highest mean root number (5 roots/explant). The result of the present study would be helpful for the mass propagation of commercially important H. retusa.
{"title":"Efficient in vitro plantlets regeneration from leaf explant of Haworthia retusa, an important ornamental succulent","authors":"Thi Trinh Huong, Tuan Trong Tran","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2161","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to establish an efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol using the ex vitro leaves as explants for Haworthia retusa. Leaf tissues were cultured on liquid full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L indole 3-butyric acids (IBA) for callus induction, followed by sub-cultured to solid medium for callus proliferation. Callus was then transferred to a fresh medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino adenine (BA) for shoot development. The result showed that the maximum rate of shoot regeneration (100%), number of shoots per explant (43), and shoot height (9.4 mm) were recorded on the solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 30 g/L sucrose. IBA improved rooting, whereas, NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) causes calli to form at the base of the shoots. The half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA provided the best rooting response for the shoot. This medium formulation resulted in the highest rooting rate (100%) and the highest mean root number (5 roots/explant). The result of the present study would be helpful for the mass propagation of commercially important H. retusa.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74445242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) is a tuberous-rooted flower crop, exhibiting rich diversity in flower color and inflorescence form. The study was conducted to quantify diversity in 24 dahlia genotypes based on agronomic traits. The dahlia accessions were grouped based on their similarity for phenotypic resemblance following hierarchal clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the dahlia accessions into three distinct clusters viz., C1, C2 and C3 comprising 8, 3 and 13 genotypes, respectively. The 24 dahlia genotypes were found scattered across the whole variation observed by PC1 and PC2 (explaining nearly 55.2% of the cumulative total variation). The two-dimensional PCA analysis revealed that the most appropriate traits for grouping the dahlia accessions were plant height, flower weight, stalk length, vase life and number of flowers per plant. The study signifies the importance of germplasm collection, characterization and utilization of dahlia to popularize its commercial cultivation among the flower growers.
{"title":"Exploring genetic diversity of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Desf.) germplasm using multivariate statistics","authors":"Simrat Singh, K. K. Dhatt, Pankaj Kumar Bodla","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2149","url":null,"abstract":"Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) is a tuberous-rooted flower crop, exhibiting rich diversity in flower color and inflorescence form. The study was conducted to quantify diversity in 24 dahlia genotypes based on agronomic traits. The dahlia accessions were grouped based on their similarity for phenotypic resemblance following hierarchal clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the dahlia accessions into three distinct clusters viz., C1, C2 and C3 comprising 8, 3 and 13 genotypes, respectively. The 24 dahlia genotypes were found scattered across the whole variation observed by PC1 and PC2 (explaining nearly 55.2% of the cumulative total variation). The two-dimensional PCA analysis revealed that the most appropriate traits for grouping the dahlia accessions were plant height, flower weight, stalk length, vase life and number of flowers per plant. The study signifies the importance of germplasm collection, characterization and utilization of dahlia to popularize its commercial cultivation among the flower growers.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78816488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Callus induction was attempted from the four explants viz. root, cotyledon, epicotyl, and leaf segments excised from in vitro raised seedlings of C. jambhiri. Among various MS media supplementations with growth regulators and carbohydrates, the maximum (95.50%) and the earliest (8.30 days) callogenesis was obtained in epicotyl segments, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (10.0 mgl-1) + BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + sucrose (8%). The modified MS (macro and micro-nutrients reduced to half) fortified with BAP (5.0 mgl-1) + GA3 (3.0 mgl-1) recorded maximum shoot regeneration (43.10%) from callus, with an average of 5.30 shoots per callus after 35.50 days of culturing. However, prolonged exposure to GA3 resulted in thin elongated shoots and leaves. The age of the callus substantially influenced the plant regeneration frequency. The potency of the callus to regenerate decreased significantly with an increase in the age of the callus. Shoot regeneration was recorded maximum (43.43%) in 60 days old calli, followed by 90 days old (30.48%) calli, whereas it was minimum (10.46%) in 150 days old calli. The maximum (79.50%) shoot proliferation was recorded in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) with an average of 5.06 shoots per culture. The MS medium fortified with NAA (1.0 mgl-1) + IBA (1.0 mgl-1) induced maximum (77.33%) rooting, with an average of 3.19 roots per shoot after 13.4 days of culturing. Rooted plants were hardened and survived the best (83.6%) on the potting mixture consisting of cocopeat + vermiculite + perlite (2:1:1).
{"title":"Optimization of explants, media, plant growth regulators and carbohydrates on callus induction and plant regeneration in Citrus jambhiri Lush.","authors":"G. S. Sidhu, P. Malhotra, H. S. Rattanpal","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2159","url":null,"abstract":"Callus induction was attempted from the four explants viz. root, cotyledon, epicotyl, and leaf segments excised from in vitro raised seedlings of C. jambhiri. Among various MS media supplementations with growth regulators and carbohydrates, the maximum (95.50%) and the earliest (8.30 days) callogenesis was obtained in epicotyl segments, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (10.0 mgl-1) + BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + sucrose (8%). The modified MS (macro and micro-nutrients reduced to half) fortified with BAP (5.0 mgl-1) + GA3 (3.0 mgl-1) recorded maximum shoot regeneration (43.10%) from callus, with an average of 5.30 shoots per callus after 35.50 days of culturing. However, prolonged exposure to GA3 resulted in thin elongated shoots and leaves. The age of the callus substantially influenced the plant regeneration frequency. The potency of the callus to regenerate decreased significantly with an increase in the age of the callus. Shoot regeneration was recorded maximum (43.43%) in 60 days old calli, followed by 90 days old (30.48%) calli, whereas it was minimum (10.46%) in 150 days old calli. The maximum (79.50%) shoot proliferation was recorded in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) with an average of 5.06 shoots per culture. The MS medium fortified with NAA (1.0 mgl-1) + IBA (1.0 mgl-1) induced maximum (77.33%) rooting, with an average of 3.19 roots per shoot after 13.4 days of culturing. Rooted plants were hardened and survived the best (83.6%) on the potting mixture consisting of cocopeat + vermiculite + perlite (2:1:1).","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89867357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhargav Veluru, Rajiv Kumar, T. Bharathi, M. Dhananjaya, T. Rao
China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] is a flowering annual mainly cultivated for loose flower and cut flower, bedding and pot culture. To assess the genetic diversity, 42 genotypes were evaluated for fourteen quantitative traits. The genotypes were found to be highly variable for the traits such as plant height, plant spread, flower stalk length, 100 flower weight, number of flowers per plant, weight of flowers per plant and flower yield per hectare. However, low variability was recorded for vase life and shelf life. The genotypes were broadly grouped into two clusters, which were further divided into cluster 1a, 1b and cluster 2a, 2b, respectively. All the genotypes in cluster 1a were vigorous and medium flowering, whereas, genotypes in cluster 1b were tall, erect, vigorous and late flowering. The cluster 2a comprises of the genotypes with short stature, small flower and early flowering, however, cluster 2b contains only two genotypes. In principal component analysis (PCA) PC1 was highly correlated to flower yield, weight of flowers/plant, flower stalk length and plant height and PC2 was highly positively correlated to shelf life and vase life and negatively correlated to 100 flower weight. The results suggested that the existing variation in China aster genotypes could be used for the development of trait-specific novel genotypes.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity in China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees","authors":"Bhargav Veluru, Rajiv Kumar, T. Bharathi, M. Dhananjaya, T. Rao","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2138","url":null,"abstract":"China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] is a flowering annual mainly cultivated for loose flower and cut flower, bedding and pot culture. To assess the genetic diversity, 42 genotypes were evaluated for fourteen quantitative traits. The genotypes were found to be highly variable for the traits such as plant height, plant spread, flower stalk length, 100 flower weight, number of flowers per plant, weight of flowers per plant and flower yield per hectare. However, low variability was recorded for vase life and shelf life. The genotypes were broadly grouped into two clusters, which were further divided into cluster 1a, 1b and cluster 2a, 2b, respectively. All the genotypes in cluster 1a were vigorous and medium flowering, whereas, genotypes in cluster 1b were tall, erect, vigorous and late flowering. The cluster 2a comprises of the genotypes with short stature, small flower and early flowering, however, cluster 2b contains only two genotypes. In principal component analysis (PCA) PC1 was highly correlated to flower yield, weight of flowers/plant, flower stalk length and plant height and PC2 was highly positively correlated to shelf life and vase life and negatively correlated to 100 flower weight. The results suggested that the existing variation in China aster genotypes could be used for the development of trait-specific novel genotypes.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80007642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Goyary, C. Khobragade, S. Chakraborty, A. Tiwari
In the present investigation, an inexpensive and non-destructive method was tested for the appropriate maturity classification of wood apple (Feronia limonia). The investigation was conducted to establish the pronounced effect of maturity stages on the growth kinetics, physico-chemical properties, and other quality indices of wood apple. A systematic trend was observed for all the properties namely sphericity, bulk density (g/cm3), true density (g/cm3), pH, total soluble solids TSS (°Brix), titratable acidity (%) and TSS/TA ratio, etc. of the fruit. In contrast, regular changes were also observed in the color properties at various maturity stages of the wood apple. The maturity kinetics was formulated by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) in compliance with K means cluster algorithm. RNN modeling was applied by considering color property (redness value) as input and six maturity indices as the output of the formulated structure. The RNN architecture, 1-6-6 showed the best results for forecasting the wood apple maturity based on color features. Further, based on the results of the K means cluster algorithm, the maturity stages were classified into three main categories, illustrated in the form of a simplified color chart. Hence, this investigation can be useful for proper control and identification of wood apple maturity during the processing.
{"title":"Effect of maturity stages on the quality indices of wood apple (Feronia limonia) and modeling of its kinetics by applying machine learning approaches","authors":"J. Goyary, C. Khobragade, S. Chakraborty, A. Tiwari","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2155","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, an inexpensive and non-destructive method was tested for the appropriate maturity classification of wood apple (Feronia limonia). The investigation was conducted to establish the pronounced effect of maturity stages on the growth kinetics, physico-chemical properties, and other quality indices of wood apple. A systematic trend was observed for all the properties namely sphericity, bulk density (g/cm3), true density (g/cm3), pH, total soluble solids TSS (°Brix), titratable acidity (%) and TSS/TA ratio, etc. of the fruit. In contrast, regular changes were also observed in the color properties at various maturity stages of the wood apple. The maturity kinetics was formulated by applying recurrent neural network (RNN) in compliance with K means cluster algorithm. RNN modeling was applied by considering color property (redness value) as input and six maturity indices as the output of the formulated structure. The RNN architecture, 1-6-6 showed the best results for forecasting the wood apple maturity based on color features. Further, based on the results of the K means cluster algorithm, the maturity stages were classified into three main categories, illustrated in the form of a simplified color chart. Hence, this investigation can be useful for proper control and identification of wood apple maturity during the processing.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80564999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatkari Vittal, N. Sharma, Mukesh Shivran, N. Sharma, A. Dubey, S. Singh, R. Sharma, Bikram Pal Singh, H. Bollinedi, M. Meena, R. Pandey, Sridhar Gutam
Heterozygosity is the major constraint in perennial fruit crop like mango for regular bearing breeding. Majority of the popular mango varieties have irregular bearing habit. Many external and internal factors affect the bearing habit of perennial fruit crops. Among internal factors, the level of carbohydrate reserves and phytohormones plays a major role on bearing habit of fruit crops like apple, citrus, mango, litchi etc., Therefore, present research work aimed to study the carbohydrate metabolism pathways in regular and irregular mango genotypes of varying origin. A total of 30 primers were designed using in silico mining of four key genes coding for citrate synthase, alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase and trehalose phosphate synthase. These genes play important role in sugar and starch metabolism in mango. Of these specific primers, 14 showed polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Gene diversity (GD), average number of alleles per locus (An), polymorphism information content (PIC) and major allele frequency (Maf) observed were 0.45, 2.14, 0.35, 0.59, respectively. Simple sequence repeats markers grouped 63.15% studied mango genotypes of regular bearers together. Further, these markers could be utilized in a greater number of genotypes for regularity.
{"title":"Impact of carbohydrate metabolism pathways on bearing habit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes","authors":"Hatkari Vittal, N. Sharma, Mukesh Shivran, N. Sharma, A. Dubey, S. Singh, R. Sharma, Bikram Pal Singh, H. Bollinedi, M. Meena, R. Pandey, Sridhar Gutam","doi":"10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2135","url":null,"abstract":"Heterozygosity is the major constraint in perennial fruit crop like mango for regular bearing breeding. Majority of the popular mango varieties have irregular bearing habit. Many external and internal factors affect the bearing habit of perennial fruit crops. Among internal factors, the level of carbohydrate reserves and phytohormones plays a major role on bearing habit of fruit crops like apple, citrus, mango, litchi etc., Therefore, present research work aimed to study the carbohydrate metabolism pathways in regular and irregular mango genotypes of varying origin. A total of 30 primers were designed using in silico mining of four key genes coding for citrate synthase, alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase and trehalose phosphate synthase. These genes play important role in sugar and starch metabolism in mango. Of these specific primers, 14 showed polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Gene diversity (GD), average number of alleles per locus (An), polymorphism information content (PIC) and major allele frequency (Maf) observed were 0.45, 2.14, 0.35, 0.59, respectively. Simple sequence repeats markers grouped 63.15% studied mango genotypes of regular bearers together. Further, these markers could be utilized in a greater number of genotypes for regularity.","PeriodicalId":36766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87265151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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