Abstract In mainstream economics cultural differences, habits and mind-sets are considered to be reflected in the institutional setting. To reintroduce historical time, we combine the concept of path dependency with the concept of time strata; instead of explaining a fact isolated from its historical conditionality, the perspective moves from a contemporary phenomenon to several paths incorporated in it and questions their time-differentiated interlocking, mutual influence and conditioning. At the same time, the direction of the perspective changes: the path is analysed from today to yesterday. We use this approach to explain the particular current economic situation in Germany: namely, the strength in manufacturing and in global exports. JEL Codes: B5, N0, O1
在主流经济学中，文化差异、习惯和思维方式被认为反映在制度环境中。为了重新引入历史时间，我们将路径依赖的概念与时间层的概念结合起来;不是解释一个孤立的事实从它的历史条件，视角从一个当代现象转移到几个路径纳入其中，并质疑他们的时间分化的联锁，相互影响和制约。与此同时，视角的方向发生了变化:从今天到昨天的路径被分析。我们用这种方法来解释德国当前的特殊经济状况:即制造业和全球出口的实力。JEL代码:B5, no, 01
{"title":"Looking Back to the Future: Time Strata and Economic Analysis","authors":"Michael Hüther","doi":"10.3790/schm.138.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.138.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In mainstream economics cultural differences, habits and mind-sets are considered to be reflected in the institutional setting. To reintroduce historical time, we combine the concept of path dependency with the concept of time strata; instead of explaining a fact isolated from its historical conditionality, the perspective moves from a contemporary phenomenon to several paths incorporated in it and questions their time-differentiated interlocking, mutual influence and conditioning. At the same time, the direction of the perspective changes: the path is analysed from today to yesterday. We use this approach to explain the particular current economic situation in Germany: namely, the strength in manufacturing and in global exports.\u0000 JEL Codes: B5, N0, O1","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78297810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper investigates the role of local development consultants, which are described as cultural interpreters, in promoting institutional reforms in Tanzania and Uganda. The empirical analysis seeks to answer the question how cultural interpreters translate new formal institutions into a specific context. The results show that they adapt their training programs to the specific context in order to ensure successful implementation. Furthermore, they have to consider how the participants of the training perceive the newly introduced institutions. The way in which they communicate with the participants is a central factor to ensure the application of new concepts. JEL Codes: O22, O17, B59
{"title":"Fitting by Adjusting: A Field Study of Tanzanian and Ugandan Development Consultants Promoting Institutional Change","authors":"Pia Becker","doi":"10.3790/schm.138.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.138.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This paper investigates the role of local development consultants, which are described as cultural interpreters, in promoting institutional reforms in Tanzania and Uganda. The empirical analysis seeks to answer the question how cultural interpreters translate new formal institutions into a specific context. The results show that they adapt their training\u0000programs to the specific context in order to ensure successful implementation. Furthermore, they have to consider how the participants of the training perceive the newly introduced institutions. The way in which they communicate with the participants is a central factor to ensure the application of new concepts.\u0000 JEL Codes: O22, O17, B59","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77542150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Michel Foucault’s lectures at the Collège de France in 1978–1979 centered on the analysis of power with regard to liberalism. Foucault especially focused on German ordoliberalism and its specific governmentality. Although Foucault’s review of the ordoliberal texts, programs, and books is very accurate there are some occasional “schematic” simplifications. Our article evaluates Foucault’s constitution of an ordoliberal “archive,” though more emphasis is placed on the general importance of the phenomenological orientation in Walter Eucken’s work. Hence, three tasks guide our paper: first, an analysis of Foucault’s position; second, the phenomenological foundation of ordoliberal discourse compared to 18th century liberal discourse, i.e. the way in which Walter Eucken received Husserl. Third, our article raises the subject of the mutual historical-epistemological complementation of philosophy and economics by taking Foucault’s analysis as the starting point. Furthermore, the consequences of a phenomenological, i.e. “eidetic” order of the economy, is discussed, focusing mainly on the expansion of competition in social domains. JEL Codes: B20, B29, B40
{"title":"The Philosophy of Social Market Economy: Michel Foucault’s Analysis of Ordoliberalism","authors":"Nils Goldschmidt, H. Rauchenschwandtner","doi":"10.3790/SCHM.138.2.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SCHM.138.2.157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Michel Foucault’s lectures at the Collège de France in 1978–1979 centered on the analysis of power with regard to liberalism. Foucault especially focused on German ordoliberalism and its specific governmentality. Although Foucault’s review of the ordoliberal texts, programs, and books is very accurate there are some occasional “schematic” simplifications. Our article evaluates Foucault’s constitution of an ordoliberal “archive,” though more emphasis is placed on the general importance of the phenomenological orientation in Walter Eucken’s work. Hence, three tasks guide our paper: first, an analysis of Foucault’s position; second, the phenomenological foundation of ordoliberal discourse compared to 18th century liberal discourse, i.e. the way in which Walter Eucken received Husserl. Third, our article raises the subject of the mutual historical-epistemological complementation of philosophy and economics by taking Foucault’s analysis as the starting point. Furthermore, the consequences of a phenomenological, i.e. “eidetic” order of the economy, is discussed, focusing mainly on the expansion of competition in social domains.\u0000 JEL Codes: B20, B29, B40","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The ongoing crisis in the euro zone raises the question of whether the previously chosen path of European integration is likely to spur internal and external competitiveness and capability of action. In economic terms, it is about a strategy that does justice to the uniqueness of the landscape of European markets. Its special feature is that Europe – in contrast to North America – has developed diverse economic cultures historically whose qualities match the requirements of distinct markets and whose set of institutions are functional. An adequate European economic policy has to acknowledge these cultures and develop strategies to improve their individual effectiveness, i.e. comparative institutional advantage. This productive governance (Ordnungspolitik of the visible hand) is in stark contrast to a policy of harmonization that emanates from the idea of uniform market conditions. The attempt to integrate Europe on the basis of a “multi-speed” model has failed. The essential task now is to take into account the diversity of economic cultures in Europe and to unite the continent along a variety of paths. What the EU needs are rules and strategies that create unity in diversity, realizing its official motto: united in diversity. What Europe needs is an integration strategy on several paths – not only at several speeds. JEL Codes: F15, F53
{"title":"Many Roads Lead to Rome – the State of European Integration","authors":"Werner Abelshauser","doi":"10.3790/schm.138.2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.138.2.143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The ongoing crisis in the euro zone raises the question of whether the previously chosen path of European integration is likely to spur internal and external competitiveness and capability of action. In economic terms, it is about a strategy that does justice to the uniqueness of the landscape of European markets. Its special feature is that Europe – in\u0000contrast to North America – has developed diverse economic cultures historically whose qualities match the requirements of distinct markets and whose set of institutions are functional. An adequate European economic policy has to acknowledge these cultures and develop strategies to improve their individual effectiveness, i.e. comparative institutional\u0000advantage. This productive governance (Ordnungspolitik of the visible hand) is in stark contrast to a policy of harmonization that emanates from the idea of uniform market conditions. The attempt to integrate Europe on the basis of a “multi-speed” model has failed. The essential task now is to take into account the diversity of economic cultures\u0000in Europe and to unite the continent along a variety of paths. What the EU needs are rules and strategies that create unity in diversity, realizing its official motto: united in diversity. What Europe needs is an integration strategy on several paths – not only at several speeds.\u0000 JEL Codes: F15, F53","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the two premises that (1) economies are complex systems and (2) the accumulation of knowledge about reality is desirable, I derive the conclusion that pluralism with regard to economic research programs is a more viable position to hold than monism. To substantiate this claim I discuss an epistemological framework of how scholars study their objects of inquiry and relate their models to reality. Furthermore, I argue that given the current institutions of our scientific system, economics self-organizes towards a state of scientific unity. Since such a state is epistemologically inferior to a state of plurality, critical intervention is desirable.
{"title":"The Complexity of Economies and Pluralism in Economics","authors":"Claudius Graebner","doi":"10.3790/JCE.137.3.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/JCE.137.3.193","url":null,"abstract":"From the two premises that (1) economies are complex systems and (2) the accumulation of knowledge about reality is desirable, I derive the conclusion that pluralism with regard to economic research programs is a more viable position to hold than monism. To substantiate this claim I discuss an epistemological framework of how scholars study their objects of inquiry and relate their models to reality. Furthermore, I argue that given the current institutions of our scientific system, economics self-organizes towards a state of scientific unity. Since such a state is epistemologically inferior to a state of plurality, critical intervention is desirable.","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81604218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the two premises that (1) economies are complex systems and (2) the accumulation of knowledge about reality is desirable, I derive the conclusion that pluralism with regard to economic research programs is a more viable position to hold than monism. To substantiate this claim an epistemological framework of how scholars study their objects of inquiry and relate their models to reality is discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that given the current institutions of our scientific system, economics self-organizes towards a state of scientific unity. Since such a state is epistemologically inferior to a state of plurality, critical intervention is desirable.
{"title":"Ludwig M. Lachmann: Last Member of the German Historical School","authors":"Hans L. Eicholz","doi":"10.3790/JCE.137.3.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/JCE.137.3.227","url":null,"abstract":"From the two premises that (1) economies are complex systems and (2) the accumulation of knowledge about reality is desirable, I derive the conclusion that pluralism with regard to economic research programs is a more viable position to hold than monism. To substantiate this claim an epistemological framework of how scholars study their objects of inquiry and relate their models to reality is discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that given the current institutions of our scientific system, economics self-organizes towards a state of scientific unity. Since such a state is epistemologically inferior to a state of plurality, critical intervention is desirable.","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82389839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hayek, Rawls, and Schmoller Reconciled? Justice, Institutions and the Invisible Hand","authors":"Richard Sturn","doi":"10.3790/SCHM.136.4.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SCHM.136.4.377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84179639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the historical background of the translation and subsequent publication of Gustav Schmoller’s “The Idea of Justice in Political Economy” in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. The first of Schmoller’s writings which was translated into English, we use archival correspondence - predominantly between one of the translators, Ernst von Halle, and Schmoller - to reconstruct the proceedings leading to its appearance in February 1894. In a further step, we highlight the role that the British economic historian William J. Ashley played in contributing to additional translations of Schmoller’s work. Finally, we engage in the debate as to why comparatively little of Schmoller’s work has been translated into English and suggest that in addition to historical dynamics related to World War I leading to the breakdown of ties between Germany and America, there were also very personal reasons - especially for both von Halle and Ashley - not to work together with the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
我们考察了古斯塔夫·施莫勒的《政治经济学中的正义理念》在美国政治与社会科学院年鉴上的翻译和随后出版的历史背景。施莫勒的第一部作品被翻译成英文，我们使用档案通信——主要是其中一位译者恩斯特·冯·哈勒和施莫勒之间的通信——来重建导致其在1894年2月出现的过程。在进一步的步骤中，我们强调了英国经济历史学家威廉·j·阿什利(William J. Ashley)在对施莫勒著作的额外翻译做出贡献方面所起的作用。最后，我们讨论了为什么施莫勒的作品被翻译成英文的相对较少，并提出除了一战导致德美关系破裂的历史动力外，还有非常个人的原因——尤其是对冯·哈勒和阿什利来说——没有与美国政治与社会科学院合作。
{"title":"Bringing Schmoller to America: Notes on the Translation of “The Idea of Justice in Political Economy”","authors":"Mark McAdam, Matthias Störring","doi":"10.3790/SCHM.136.4.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SCHM.136.4.361","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the historical background of the translation and subsequent publication of Gustav Schmoller’s “The Idea of Justice in Political Economy” in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. The first of Schmoller’s writings which was translated into English, we use archival correspondence - predominantly between one of the translators, Ernst von Halle, and Schmoller - to reconstruct the proceedings leading to its appearance in February 1894. In a further step, we highlight the role that the British economic historian William J. Ashley played in contributing to additional translations of Schmoller’s work. Finally, we engage in the debate as to why comparatively little of Schmoller’s work has been translated into English and suggest that in addition to historical dynamics related to World War I leading to the breakdown of ties between Germany and America, there were also very personal reasons - especially for both von Halle and Ashley - not to work together with the American Academy of Political and Social Science.","PeriodicalId":36775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Economics-Schmollers Jahrbuch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83502978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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