Journal of Endourology Case Reports最新文献

Background: Straight catheters are usually used for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Patients perform CIC without much difficulty. Spontaneous knotting of catheter is rare in large bore straight catheters and female patients. Case Presentation: A 50-year old lady, case of neurogenic bladder on CIC inserted a 14F straight catheter, drained some urine but was unable to remove the catheter. She presented in emergency with retention of urine. Her X-ray and ultrasound examination revealed a knotted catheter. Conservative measures to remove the catheter such as forceful injection of radio-opaque contrast and passage of hydrophilic guidewire did not work. She was taken in the operating room. The knot was ablated using holmium laser through transurethral passage of an 8F ureteroscope. Conclusions: Spontaneous knotting of urethral catheter is rare in adults. It should be suspected whenever a straight catheter cannot be removed. Inserting excessive length of catheter is an important risk factor. Holmium laser is an excellent tool to cut the catheter in a least invasive way when conservative measures have failed.

Background: Chyluria is a rare diagnosis classically associated with milky-appearing urine. It involves the leakage of chyle into the urinary tract. Although the most common cause of chyluria worldwide is infectious in nature, other noninfectious etiologies have been described. Classically chyluria resolves spontaneously or with conservative management. Surgical treatments have been described but are not often required. We present a case of iatrogenic pyelolymphatic fistula after robot-assisted laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty that was treated with endoscopic electrocautery of the fistulous tract. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old Caucasian man underwent a robot-assisted laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with stent insertion for radiographically demonstrated left ureteropelvic junction obstruction. His postoperative course was uneventful until 4-week follow-up at which time he began to notice intermittent passage of milky-appearing urine. Urinalysis was notable for large protein and elevated urine triglycerides. He was initially managed conservatively dietary modifications without success. He then underwent endoscopic management with cystoscopy and ureteroscopy with fulguration of suspected pyelolymphatic fistula. He was maintained on a low-fat medium-chain triglyceride diet and octreotide injections while inpatient for 1 week postoperatively. His postoperative course was unremarkable and no return of chyluria was observed. His chyluria remained resolved at 9 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Pyelolymphatic fistula after robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a theoretical complication of perirenal dissection and has not been previously described in the literature. It should be considered as a rare iatrogenic cause of chyluria. Endoscopic management with fulguration is technically feasible and may obviate the need for more invasive surgical management.

Background: Hydatid disease of urinary tract is most common in the kidney. In kidney, hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the renal parenchyma. Isolated hydatid cysts in the renal pelvis are extremely rare with only three cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present a case of isolated hydatid cysts in the renal pelvis masquerading as renal pelvic calculi, which were diagnosed during surgery and confirmed on histopathology. Conclusion: Hydatid cysts can masquerade as renal calculi. Preoperative modalities may miss the correct diagnosis. Histopathology in suspected cases can confirm the diagnosis so that proper chemotherapy can be offered to patient to avoid recurrence.

Background: Intrauterine device (IUD) migration to the ureter is rare. Symptoms can vary, but often mimic renal colic. Radiographic imaging may aid the diagnosis of a foreign body in the ureter. Reports on endoscopic managements of a migrated IUD are not well described. Case Presentation: We present a 36-year-old woman with a history of IUD insertion. Her symptoms included hematuria, dysuria, and suprapubic/abdominal pressure. After the removal of her IUD by her gynecologist, her hematuria eventually stopped, but she presented again with persistent pain. CT revealed a radiopaque foreign body in the distal left ureter protruding into the bladder. A careful resection with a resectoscope uncovered a long cylindrical shaped foreign body, suspicious of a broken piece of the IUD. Conclusion: Although not always feasible and long-term results remain to be determined, endoscopic management is a safe and effective method of identifying and removing a retained IUD in the ureter. When evaluating a woman with abdominal pain who has an indwelling IUD, a spontaneous migration of the IUD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Background: During percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS), obtaining renal access is the most critical step to achieving effective treatment without major intraoperative complications. Among a variety of methods attempted to improve the access, robot-assisted fluoroscopy-guided (RAFG) renal access has been introduced to mitigate technical human errors and overcome challenging learning curves. In this study, we present our first experience with an automated needle targeting with an X-ray (ANT-X) device for minimally invasive (mini-) ECIRS. Case Presentation: A 75-year-old healthy woman with a 6.0 cm³ left kidney stone was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. The patient underwent mini-ECIRS utilizing RAFG renal access without complication, and the stone was completely removed. The ureteral stent and transurethral catheter were removed on postoperative day 2, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 3. There were no residual fragments detected by CT as of 3 months after the surgery. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effective use of RAFG mini-ECIRS for a kidney stone. The overall outcome was positive, indicating the feasibility of ANT-X use for PCNL and ECIRS.

Here we present the case of a 78-year-old medically comorbid woman with an extremely large bladder stone burden treated by cystolithalopaxy performed using a Swiss LithoClast^® Trilogy Lithotripter (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) through a nephroscope traversing a transurethral Amplatz sheath.

Background: Trocar-site hernias (TSHs) are an uncommon but potentially severe complication of robot-assisted urologic surgery, with an incidence of incarcerated hernias varying from 0.4% to 0.66%. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines on trocar site fascial closure. Although it is widely recommended to close the midline 12-mm port site, there is no agreement on the need for fascial closure of lateral port sites, especially if ≤12 mm. Cases Presentation: We report three cases of incarcerated intestinal TSHs in the past 10 years in our institution. All were from lateral abdominal ports (two 12 and one 8 mm), after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients were Caucasian and from 60 to 71 years; symptoms varied widely from obstinate hiccups, abdominal distention with fever, to acute abdomen. In all cases reduction of the herniated loop from the outside, using a minilaparotomy over the port site, was safe and effective. However, in one case bowel resection for bowel ischemic necrosis was necessary. No specific clinical risk factors could be identified in our cases. Conclusion: Incarcerated TSH after robotic urologic surgery may arise from any trocar site, regardless of size and location. This could be treated effectively with a minilaparotomy over the trocar site, to avoid more serious life-threatening consequences such as bowel necrosis and perforation. No risk factor seems to be predictive of TSHs.

Introduction and Background: Spontaneous rupture of the urinary collecting system with extravasation of urine is a rare complication of obstructive stone disease. Most of the cases are caused by obstructive ureteral stones. We herein present a case of a spontaneous caliceal rupture with a large perirenal urinoma formation that was silent on presentation and managed with endoscopic stenting and percutaneous catheter drainage. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man presented with complaints of vague right flank discomfort. A noncontrast CT scan revealed a 9.4 mm right mid ureteral obstructive calculus with a 14 cm collection in the perirenal space communicating with the lower calix of the right kidney. Retrograde insertion of 6F Double-J stent was done endoscopically and a pigtail catheter was placed in the right perinephric collection. Initially the catheter drained 100 mL clear urine and decreased progressively. A repeat ultrasonography revealed no collection and the catheter was removed after 10 days. The patient underwent clearance of stones after 8 weeks. On table, retrograde pyelogram showed no leak. The patient is doing well 2 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: Obstructive ureteral stone presenting with spontaneous forniceal rupture and large perinephric collection in a silent manner. Although endoscopic management alone offers excellent results in small ruptures, diversion of the collecting system with drainage of the collection remains the mainstay of treatment in large urinomas to prevent complications. Definitive management of the cause of obstruction is paramount and should be done after complete healing of the rupture.

Introduction: Primary obstructed megaureter (POM) usually refers to primary dilated ureters in which vesicoureteral reflux and other secondary causes of lower ureteral obstruction have been ruled out. We herein present a case of obstructed megaureter with a dilated saccular lower end representing an ureterocele and concomitant multiple multifaceted stones almost completely filling the dilated tortuous ureter of a normally functioning and excreting kidney. Materials and Methods: Our index case was a 45-year-old lady with intermittent right flank pain for a year with acute colic since a week. Imaging revealed a grossly dilated tortuous ureter with >50 multifaceted stones all along its length, an ureterocele, and mild hydronephrosis. She underwent a robot-assisted ureterolithotomy and complete stone clearance followed by ureteral reimplantation over an ureteral stent. Results: Postoperative course was uneventful and on follow-up at 3 weeks, stent was removed after checking a cystogram. The da Vinci system with its minimally invasive approach and better ergonomics made it quite convenient to remove all 52 stones, ensuring an excellent postoperative recuperation and incomparable cosmesis. Conclusion: POM in adults is usually symptomatic and associated with complications, and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment when it is associated with calculi. Ureteral tailoring and ureteroneocystostomy with extraction of stones were done for at-risk kidneys and to prevent further renal deterioration. However, these efforts appear futile when the severe renal impairment has set in and nephroureterectomy is thus required. The robotic approach for reconstruction is a safe, effective, and feasible option with excellent perioperative results.

Background: Multiple urethral anomalies are rare with its own challenges in diagnosis and management. The double urethral obstructions are often missed as proximal obstruction can mask the early diagnosis of distal obstruction. We present a rare case of concomitant posterior urethral valve (PUV) and anterior urethral valve (AUV) with a large anterior urethral diverticula (AUD) and hypospadias. Case Presentation: An 11-month-old male child after fulguration of PUVs continued to have urinary symptoms. He was subsequently found to have distal urethral obstruction because of AUV and large anterior urethral bulbar diverticula. He also had associated glanular hypospadias. He was managed with endoscopic ablation of AUV and diverticulectomy. Conclusion: Concomitant PUV, AUV, AUD, and hypospadias is a rare occurrence. The diagnosis and management can be challenging in such cases with multiple anomalies. To avoid a misdiagnosis, a high index of suspicion, proper assessment of urethrogram, and detailed cystourethroscopy is required.