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Caracterización de poblaciones de especies endémicas en bosque tropical seco semideciduo. Parque Nacional Machalilla, Manabí, Ecuador 热带干燥半落叶林中特有物种种群的特征。厄瓜多尔马纳比马查利拉国家公园
Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2266299
Joselyn K. Castro, Jimmy J. Cevallos Zambrano, Francisco X. Pico Franco, Juan C. Palacios Peñafiel, Esteban Chirino Miranda
Seasonally dry tropical forests are ecosystems of high endemism and floristic diversity, but they have been relatively not well-studied ecosystems and are very much threatened by anthropic pressures. This study aimed to evaluate the dendrometric and horizontal structure characteristics of the population of 12 endemic plant species in the semideciduous forest of the Equatorial Pacific Coastal Cordillera of the Machalilla National Park, Manabí, Ecuador. This is one of the most extensive protected areas on the Ecuadorian coast, located in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biogeographic region. It is considered one of the 25 hotspots worldwide. We selected 12 species that hypothetically co-exist in this semideciduous forest (Bursera graveolens, Eriotheca ruizii, Handroanthus chrysanthus, Ziziphus thyrsiflora, Geoffroea spinosa, Myroxylon balsamum, Priogymnanthus apertus, Melicoccus bijugatus, Nectandra reticulata, Simira ecuadorensis, Coccoloba ruiziana, Klarobelia lucida). We studied five 2500 m2 transects, where dendrometric variables (tree height, diameter at breast height-DBH, basal area, altimetric and diameter classes) were evaluated. We evaluated the horizontal structure variables of populations like absolute/relative abundance, dominance and frequency, and the importance value index (IVI and IVN). In 12,500 m2, the results identified 331 individuals. M. balsamum was the highest species (9.41 m), while E. ruizii had the highest DBH (21.03 cm) and the biggest basal area (0.05 m2). The species with the highest absolute/relative abundance and frequency were S. ecuadorensis and H. chrysanthus, and the latter had the highest absolute dominance (1.23 m2•ha−1). S. ecuadorensis presented the highest importance value index based on 100 and 300, followed by H. chrysanthus and Z. thyrsiflora. P. apertus, M. balsamum, E. ruizii and C. ruiziana obtained intermediate values. The least ecological weight was for N. reticulata, K. lucida, M. bijugatus and G. spinosa. No B. graveolens individuals were observed in the studied transects in this forest because this species was found at altitudes < 240 m a.s.l. The results of the altimetric and diameter classes indicated that the studied sector corresponds to a relatively young secondary forest affected by natural and anthropic factors.
季节性干燥的热带森林是具有高度地方性和植物多样性的生态系统,但它们相对来说还没有得到充分的研究,并且受到人为压力的极大威胁。研究了厄瓜多尔马查利亚国家公园(Manabí)赤道太平洋海岸科迪勒拉半落叶林中12种特有植物的树形特征和水平结构特征。这是厄瓜多尔海岸最广泛的保护区之一,位于Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena生物地理区域。它被认为是全球25个热点之一。我们选择了12种假设共存的半落叶林中物种(Bursera graveolens、Eriotheca ruizii、Handroanthus chrysanthus、Ziziphus thysiflora、Geoffroea spinosa、Myroxylon balsamum、Priogymnanthus apertus、Melicoccus bijugatus、Nectandra reticulata、Simira ecuadorensis、Coccoloba ruiziana、Klarobelia lucida)。我们研究了5个2500平方米的样带,其中树木测量变量(树高、胸径、基底面积、高程和直径等级)进行了评估。我们评估了种群的绝对/相对丰度、优势度和频度以及重要值指数(IVI和IVN)等水平结构变量。在12500平方米的范围内,鉴定出331个个体。香茅最高(9.41 m),瑞子最高(21.03 cm),基底面积最大(0.05 m2)。绝对/相对丰度和频率最高的种是厄瓜多尔花和菊花,菊花的绝对优势度最高(1.23 m2•ha−1)。重要值指数分别为100和300,厄瓜多尔花最高,菊花次之,百香草次之。白花、香脂、桂花和桂花均为中等值。生态重最小的是网纹田鼠、绿光田鼠、双柳田鼠和棘田鼠。由于该树种主要分布在海拔< 240 m的地区,故在研究样带中未发现白杨个体。海拔和直径分级结果表明,研究区属于受自然和人为因素影响的相对年轻的次生林。
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引用次数: 0
Hospederos y patrones de prevalencia de parásitos aviares Philornis (Diptera: muscidae) en la costa de Ecuador 厄瓜多尔海岸鸟类寄生虫Philornis(双翅目:蝇科)的寄主和流行模式
Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261202
María L. Rojas Allieri, Birgit Fessl, Carlos Iván Espinoza, Félix Hernán Vargas, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado
Most of the species of the genus Philornis are obligate parasites of birds’ nests, especially affecting small populations. However, research on factors influencing its distribution is scarce. This study focuses on analyzing some elements that facilitate the parasitism of this genus on several species of birds in continental Ecuador. From a sample obtained over two years (2019-2020) in five different locations on the country’s coast, 693 nests of land birds and raptors were analyzed. Of these, 13% were parasitized. Two Philornis species already reported for Ecuador (Philornis downsi, P. niger) and two morphotypes not previously registered in the country were recorded, preliminarily classified as P. sp. nr. bellus and P. sp. nr. falsificus. The species with the highest proportion was P. downsi, both in terms of nest prevalence and intensity. Each species of the parasite showed an affinity for one or more families of birds and it was evidenced that the shape of the nest facilitates the prevalence of Philornis. The prevalence of Philornis decreases in higher places in the dry coastal forests. The probability of infection was also influenced by habitat alteration: nests from disturbed sites have a higher prevalence of parasites than nests with natural forest (P = 0.002). The present study strengthens the existing knowledge about different environmental factors that influence Philornis parasitism birds of continental Ecuador.
Philornis属的大多数物种是鸟类巢穴的专性寄生虫,特别是影响小种群。然而,对其分布影响因素的研究却很少。本研究的重点是分析促进该属寄生在厄瓜多尔大陆几种鸟类上的一些因素。从两年(2019-2020年)在该国沿海五个不同地点获得的样本中,分析了693个陆地鸟类和猛禽的巢穴。其中,13%被寄生。记录了厄瓜多尔已报告的2种菲洛尼斯(downsi菲洛尼斯,尼日尔菲洛尼斯)和2种以前未在该国登记的形态,初步分类为贝勒菲洛尼斯和假菲洛斯菲洛尼斯。在筑巢率和筑巢密度方面,比例最高的是唐氏斑蝶。每一种寄生虫都表现出对一个或多个鸟类家族的亲和力,并且证明了巢的形状有助于Philornis的流行。在干燥的沿海森林中,高海拔地区的Philornis患病率降低。感染的概率也受到栖息地改变的影响:受干扰地点的巢穴比天然森林的巢穴有更高的寄生虫患病率(P = 0.002)。本研究加强了对影响厄瓜多尔大陆菲洛尼寄生鸟类的不同环境因素的现有认识。
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引用次数: 0
Morphoanatomical leaf traits of herbaceous species raised in a cronosequence of naturally regenerated areas of tropical deciduous forest 热带落叶林自然再生区中生草本植物的形态解剖特征
Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261191
Bárbara Laine Ribeiro da Silva, Jarcilene Silva de Almeida, Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda, Izabella Maria Cintra Ribeiro, Ana Janaína Gomes Cintra, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio
Plant survival in semi-arid climates depends on morphological, anatomical, and physiological adjustments that determine survival under limiting environmental conditions. In this study, anatomical and morphological characteristics of three herbaceous species with different growth habits were determined: a tall herb, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (tall), Stachytarpheta sanguinea (short), and Jacquemontia evolvuloides (climbing). Fully expanded leaves were collected from three sites in each of three different natural regeneration periods in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Leaf, specific leaf area, epidermis, cuticle, parenchyma, and mesophyll thicknesses; stomatal and trichome densities were measured. All three species have stomata and trichomes on both leaf surfaces and higher densities on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface. M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unusual leaf morphological and anatomical adjustments, with a larger leaf area in the more open and youngest site, but thicker abaxial and adaxial epidermis and mesophyll in the oldest site which has the closest canopy stratum. J. evolvuloides has more usual adjustments, with a smaller specific leaf area and thinner epidermis and isobilateral parenchyma in the youngest site, being better acclimatized to low water availability and high light incidence. Therefore, M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unique acclimatization strategies for different environmental conditions.
植物在半干旱气候下的生存取决于形态、解剖和生理上的调整,这些调整决定了在有限环境条件下的生存。本研究对3种生长习性不同的草本植物Mesosphaerum suaveolens(高)、Stachytarpheta sanguinea(短)和Jacquemontia evolvuloides(攀缘)进行了解剖形态学分析。在一个季节性干燥的热带森林中,在三个不同的自然更新期的三个地点收集了完全展开的叶子。叶,比叶面积,表皮,角质层,薄壁组织和叶肉厚度;测定气孔和毛状体密度。这三种植物的叶片表面均有气孔和毛状体,叶片背面的气孔和毛状体密度高于叶片正面。毛茛和血荆的叶片形态和解剖结构有不同寻常的变化,最开阔和最年轻的立地叶片面积较大,而冠层最接近的最老立地叶片的背面和正面表皮和叶肉较厚。长叶松的调节规律更多,最年轻立地的比叶面积更小,表皮和等双侧薄壁更薄,对低水分有效度和高光照射的适应能力更强。因此,suaveolens和S. sanguinees对不同的环境条件具有独特的适应策略。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability of elevation-restricted endemic birds of the Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) to climate change 塔拉曼卡山脉(哥斯达黎加和巴拿马)高程限制特有鸟类对气候变化的脆弱性
Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261196
Zhen Liu, Luis Sandoval, Lauren B. Sherman, Andrew M. Wilson
Animals endemic to tropical mountains are known to be especially vulnerable to climate change. The Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) is a geographically isolated mountain chain and global biodiversity hotspot, home to more than 50 endemic bird species. We used eBird community science observations to predict the distributions of a suite of 48 of these endemic birds in 2006–2015, and in 2070, under four climate change scenarios. Species distributions were predicted using program Maxent, incorporating elevation, satellite derived habitat data, and WorldClim climate variables. Model fit, as assessed by Area under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUC), was very high for most species, ranging from 0.877 to 0.992 (mean of 0.94). We found that most species are predicted to undergo range contractions by 2070, with a mean of 15% under modest climate change (RCP 2.6) up to a mean of 40% under more severe climate change (RCP 8.5). Most of the current ranges of these species are within existing protected areas (average of 59% in 2006–2015), and with prospective range contractions, the importance of these protected areas is forecast to increase. We suggest that these predicted range declines should elevate conservation concerns for this suite of species, and vigilance, in the form of better population monitoring, is urgently needed.
众所周知,热带山区特有的动物特别容易受到气候变化的影响。塔拉曼卡山脉(哥斯达黎加和巴拿马)是一个地理上孤立的山脉,也是全球生物多样性的热点,是50多种特有鸟类的家园。我们利用eBird社区科学观测预测了2006-2015年和2070年四种气候变化情景下48种特有种的分布。利用Maxent程序,结合海拔、卫星获取的栖息地数据和WorldClim气候变量,预测物种分布。通过接收算子曲线下面积(Area under Receiver Operator Curve, AUC)评估,大多数物种的模型拟合度非常高,范围为0.877 ~ 0.992,平均值为0.94。我们发现,到2070年,大多数物种预计将经历范围缩小,在温和气候变化(RCP 2.6)下平均为15%,在更严重的气候变化(RCP 8.5)下平均为40%。这些物种目前的大部分分布范围都在现有的保护区内(2006-2015年平均为59%),随着分布范围的缩小,预计这些保护区的重要性将会增加。我们认为,这些预测的范围下降应该提高对这组物种的保护关注,并且迫切需要以更好的种群监测形式保持警惕。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive events of birds from Southern Ecuador 厄瓜多尔南部鸟类的繁殖事件
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2237229
Ibeth P. Alarcón, Paul Molina Abril, María Cristina Ríos, A. Orihuela-Torres, Agustín Carrasco, Daniel Pacheco, Edison Juca, Ruth Arias, C. Espinosa, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado, Héctor Cadena-Ortiz, Boris A. Tinoco
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引用次数: 1
A first checklist of native names and ethnozoological notes of snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) from Kichwa and Shiwiar territories at the Amazonian Ecuador 第一份亚马逊厄瓜多尔Kichwa和Shiwiar地区蛇(Squamata:蛇)的本土名称和民族动物学注释清单
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2234722
H. M. Ortega-Andrade, Diana Astudillo Bravo, Eliana Ordóñez-Checa
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引用次数: 0
Report of leucism in tadpoles of Ceratophrys stolzmanni (Amphibia, Anura, Ceratophryidae) in laboratory 实验室斑点角蟾(两栖纲,无尾目,角蟾科)蝌蚪白化现象报告
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228
D. Almeida-Reinoso, Freddy Almeida-Reinoso, A. Merino‐Viteri
{"title":"Report of leucism in tadpoles of Ceratophrys stolzmanni (Amphibia, Anura, Ceratophryidae) in laboratory","authors":"D. Almeida-Reinoso, Freddy Almeida-Reinoso, A. Merino‐Viteri","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vocal activity of the rufous nightjar (Antrostomus rufus) in subtropical Yungas Andean forests of Argentina 阿根廷亚热带云加斯安第斯森林中红蛙(Antrostomus rufus)的发声活动
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963
A. Schaaf, M. Boullhesen, M. S. Akmentins
{"title":"Vocal activity of the rufous nightjar (Antrostomus rufus) in subtropical Yungas Andean forests of Argentina","authors":"A. Schaaf, M. Boullhesen, M. S. Akmentins","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42160414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Greater Grison (Galictis vittata) predation events upon Paca (Cuniculus paca) suggest a cavity targeted hunting strategy by Greater Grison 大格里森(Galictis vittata)对帕卡(Cuniculus Paca)的捕食事件表明大格里森采取了一种以洞穴为目标的狩猎策略
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2185175
A. Whitworth
{"title":"Greater Grison (Galictis vittata) predation events upon Paca (Cuniculus paca) suggest a cavity targeted hunting strategy by Greater Grison","authors":"A. Whitworth","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2185175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2185175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41754635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Density of red-brocket deer (Mazama americana trinitatis cetartiodactyla: cervidae) on the continental island of Trinidad, WI 威斯康星州特立尼达岛上的红胸鹿(Mazama americana trinitatis ceartiodactyla:鹿科)的密度
IF 0.9 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004
L. Rostant, J. Agard, E. Devenish-Nelson, L. Beddoe, N. Nathai-Gyan, H. Nelson
{"title":"Density of red-brocket deer (Mazama americana trinitatis cetartiodactyla: cervidae) on the continental island of Trinidad, WI","authors":"L. Rostant, J. Agard, E. Devenish-Nelson, L. Beddoe, N. Nathai-Gyan, H. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Neotropical Biodiversity
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