Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2266299
Joselyn K. Castro, Jimmy J. Cevallos Zambrano, Francisco X. Pico Franco, Juan C. Palacios Peñafiel, Esteban Chirino Miranda
Seasonally dry tropical forests are ecosystems of high endemism and floristic diversity, but they have been relatively not well-studied ecosystems and are very much threatened by anthropic pressures. This study aimed to evaluate the dendrometric and horizontal structure characteristics of the population of 12 endemic plant species in the semideciduous forest of the Equatorial Pacific Coastal Cordillera of the Machalilla National Park, Manabí, Ecuador. This is one of the most extensive protected areas on the Ecuadorian coast, located in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biogeographic region. It is considered one of the 25 hotspots worldwide. We selected 12 species that hypothetically co-exist in this semideciduous forest (Bursera graveolens, Eriotheca ruizii, Handroanthus chrysanthus, Ziziphus thyrsiflora, Geoffroea spinosa, Myroxylon balsamum, Priogymnanthus apertus, Melicoccus bijugatus, Nectandra reticulata, Simira ecuadorensis, Coccoloba ruiziana, Klarobelia lucida). We studied five 2500 m2 transects, where dendrometric variables (tree height, diameter at breast height-DBH, basal area, altimetric and diameter classes) were evaluated. We evaluated the horizontal structure variables of populations like absolute/relative abundance, dominance and frequency, and the importance value index (IVI and IVN). In 12,500 m2, the results identified 331 individuals. M. balsamum was the highest species (9.41 m), while E. ruizii had the highest DBH (21.03 cm) and the biggest basal area (0.05 m2). The species with the highest absolute/relative abundance and frequency were S. ecuadorensis and H. chrysanthus, and the latter had the highest absolute dominance (1.23 m2•ha−1). S. ecuadorensis presented the highest importance value index based on 100 and 300, followed by H. chrysanthus and Z. thyrsiflora. P. apertus, M. balsamum, E. ruizii and C. ruiziana obtained intermediate values. The least ecological weight was for N. reticulata, K. lucida, M. bijugatus and G. spinosa. No B. graveolens individuals were observed in the studied transects in this forest because this species was found at altitudes < 240 m a.s.l. The results of the altimetric and diameter classes indicated that the studied sector corresponds to a relatively young secondary forest affected by natural and anthropic factors.
{"title":"Caracterización de poblaciones de especies endémicas en bosque tropical seco semideciduo. Parque Nacional Machalilla, Manabí, Ecuador","authors":"Joselyn K. Castro, Jimmy J. Cevallos Zambrano, Francisco X. Pico Franco, Juan C. Palacios Peñafiel, Esteban Chirino Miranda","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2266299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2266299","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonally dry tropical forests are ecosystems of high endemism and floristic diversity, but they have been relatively not well-studied ecosystems and are very much threatened by anthropic pressures. This study aimed to evaluate the dendrometric and horizontal structure characteristics of the population of 12 endemic plant species in the semideciduous forest of the Equatorial Pacific Coastal Cordillera of the Machalilla National Park, Manabí, Ecuador. This is one of the most extensive protected areas on the Ecuadorian coast, located in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biogeographic region. It is considered one of the 25 hotspots worldwide. We selected 12 species that hypothetically co-exist in this semideciduous forest (Bursera graveolens, Eriotheca ruizii, Handroanthus chrysanthus, Ziziphus thyrsiflora, Geoffroea spinosa, Myroxylon balsamum, Priogymnanthus apertus, Melicoccus bijugatus, Nectandra reticulata, Simira ecuadorensis, Coccoloba ruiziana, Klarobelia lucida). We studied five 2500 m2 transects, where dendrometric variables (tree height, diameter at breast height-DBH, basal area, altimetric and diameter classes) were evaluated. We evaluated the horizontal structure variables of populations like absolute/relative abundance, dominance and frequency, and the importance value index (IVI and IVN). In 12,500 m2, the results identified 331 individuals. M. balsamum was the highest species (9.41 m), while E. ruizii had the highest DBH (21.03 cm) and the biggest basal area (0.05 m2). The species with the highest absolute/relative abundance and frequency were S. ecuadorensis and H. chrysanthus, and the latter had the highest absolute dominance (1.23 m2•ha−1). S. ecuadorensis presented the highest importance value index based on 100 and 300, followed by H. chrysanthus and Z. thyrsiflora. P. apertus, M. balsamum, E. ruizii and C. ruiziana obtained intermediate values. The least ecological weight was for N. reticulata, K. lucida, M. bijugatus and G. spinosa. No B. graveolens individuals were observed in the studied transects in this forest because this species was found at altitudes < 240 m a.s.l. The results of the altimetric and diameter classes indicated that the studied sector corresponds to a relatively young secondary forest affected by natural and anthropic factors.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261202
María L. Rojas Allieri, Birgit Fessl, Carlos Iván Espinoza, Félix Hernán Vargas, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado
Most of the species of the genus Philornis are obligate parasites of birds’ nests, especially affecting small populations. However, research on factors influencing its distribution is scarce. This study focuses on analyzing some elements that facilitate the parasitism of this genus on several species of birds in continental Ecuador. From a sample obtained over two years (2019-2020) in five different locations on the country’s coast, 693 nests of land birds and raptors were analyzed. Of these, 13% were parasitized. Two Philornis species already reported for Ecuador (Philornis downsi, P. niger) and two morphotypes not previously registered in the country were recorded, preliminarily classified as P. sp. nr. bellus and P. sp. nr. falsificus. The species with the highest proportion was P. downsi, both in terms of nest prevalence and intensity. Each species of the parasite showed an affinity for one or more families of birds and it was evidenced that the shape of the nest facilitates the prevalence of Philornis. The prevalence of Philornis decreases in higher places in the dry coastal forests. The probability of infection was also influenced by habitat alteration: nests from disturbed sites have a higher prevalence of parasites than nests with natural forest (P = 0.002). The present study strengthens the existing knowledge about different environmental factors that influence Philornis parasitism birds of continental Ecuador.
{"title":"Hospederos y patrones de prevalencia de parásitos aviares <i>Philornis</i> (Diptera: muscidae) en la costa de Ecuador","authors":"María L. Rojas Allieri, Birgit Fessl, Carlos Iván Espinoza, Félix Hernán Vargas, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2261202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2261202","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the species of the genus Philornis are obligate parasites of birds’ nests, especially affecting small populations. However, research on factors influencing its distribution is scarce. This study focuses on analyzing some elements that facilitate the parasitism of this genus on several species of birds in continental Ecuador. From a sample obtained over two years (2019-2020) in five different locations on the country’s coast, 693 nests of land birds and raptors were analyzed. Of these, 13% were parasitized. Two Philornis species already reported for Ecuador (Philornis downsi, P. niger) and two morphotypes not previously registered in the country were recorded, preliminarily classified as P. sp. nr. bellus and P. sp. nr. falsificus. The species with the highest proportion was P. downsi, both in terms of nest prevalence and intensity. Each species of the parasite showed an affinity for one or more families of birds and it was evidenced that the shape of the nest facilitates the prevalence of Philornis. The prevalence of Philornis decreases in higher places in the dry coastal forests. The probability of infection was also influenced by habitat alteration: nests from disturbed sites have a higher prevalence of parasites than nests with natural forest (P = 0.002). The present study strengthens the existing knowledge about different environmental factors that influence Philornis parasitism birds of continental Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261191
Bárbara Laine Ribeiro da Silva, Jarcilene Silva de Almeida, Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda, Izabella Maria Cintra Ribeiro, Ana Janaína Gomes Cintra, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio
Plant survival in semi-arid climates depends on morphological, anatomical, and physiological adjustments that determine survival under limiting environmental conditions. In this study, anatomical and morphological characteristics of three herbaceous species with different growth habits were determined: a tall herb, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (tall), Stachytarpheta sanguinea (short), and Jacquemontia evolvuloides (climbing). Fully expanded leaves were collected from three sites in each of three different natural regeneration periods in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Leaf, specific leaf area, epidermis, cuticle, parenchyma, and mesophyll thicknesses; stomatal and trichome densities were measured. All three species have stomata and trichomes on both leaf surfaces and higher densities on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface. M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unusual leaf morphological and anatomical adjustments, with a larger leaf area in the more open and youngest site, but thicker abaxial and adaxial epidermis and mesophyll in the oldest site which has the closest canopy stratum. J. evolvuloides has more usual adjustments, with a smaller specific leaf area and thinner epidermis and isobilateral parenchyma in the youngest site, being better acclimatized to low water availability and high light incidence. Therefore, M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unique acclimatization strategies for different environmental conditions.
{"title":"Morphoanatomical leaf traits of herbaceous species raised in a cronosequence of naturally regenerated areas of tropical deciduous forest","authors":"Bárbara Laine Ribeiro da Silva, Jarcilene Silva de Almeida, Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda, Izabella Maria Cintra Ribeiro, Ana Janaína Gomes Cintra, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2261191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2261191","url":null,"abstract":"Plant survival in semi-arid climates depends on morphological, anatomical, and physiological adjustments that determine survival under limiting environmental conditions. In this study, anatomical and morphological characteristics of three herbaceous species with different growth habits were determined: a tall herb, Mesosphaerum suaveolens (tall), Stachytarpheta sanguinea (short), and Jacquemontia evolvuloides (climbing). Fully expanded leaves were collected from three sites in each of three different natural regeneration periods in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Leaf, specific leaf area, epidermis, cuticle, parenchyma, and mesophyll thicknesses; stomatal and trichome densities were measured. All three species have stomata and trichomes on both leaf surfaces and higher densities on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface. M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unusual leaf morphological and anatomical adjustments, with a larger leaf area in the more open and youngest site, but thicker abaxial and adaxial epidermis and mesophyll in the oldest site which has the closest canopy stratum. J. evolvuloides has more usual adjustments, with a smaller specific leaf area and thinner epidermis and isobilateral parenchyma in the youngest site, being better acclimatized to low water availability and high light incidence. Therefore, M. suaveolens and S. sanguinea have unique acclimatization strategies for different environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2261196
Zhen Liu, Luis Sandoval, Lauren B. Sherman, Andrew M. Wilson
Animals endemic to tropical mountains are known to be especially vulnerable to climate change. The Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) is a geographically isolated mountain chain and global biodiversity hotspot, home to more than 50 endemic bird species. We used eBird community science observations to predict the distributions of a suite of 48 of these endemic birds in 2006–2015, and in 2070, under four climate change scenarios. Species distributions were predicted using program Maxent, incorporating elevation, satellite derived habitat data, and WorldClim climate variables. Model fit, as assessed by Area under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUC), was very high for most species, ranging from 0.877 to 0.992 (mean of 0.94). We found that most species are predicted to undergo range contractions by 2070, with a mean of 15% under modest climate change (RCP 2.6) up to a mean of 40% under more severe climate change (RCP 8.5). Most of the current ranges of these species are within existing protected areas (average of 59% in 2006–2015), and with prospective range contractions, the importance of these protected areas is forecast to increase. We suggest that these predicted range declines should elevate conservation concerns for this suite of species, and vigilance, in the form of better population monitoring, is urgently needed.
众所周知，热带山区特有的动物特别容易受到气候变化的影响。塔拉曼卡山脉(哥斯达黎加和巴拿马)是一个地理上孤立的山脉，也是全球生物多样性的热点，是50多种特有鸟类的家园。我们利用eBird社区科学观测预测了2006-2015年和2070年四种气候变化情景下48种特有种的分布。利用Maxent程序，结合海拔、卫星获取的栖息地数据和WorldClim气候变量，预测物种分布。通过接收算子曲线下面积(Area under Receiver Operator Curve, AUC)评估，大多数物种的模型拟合度非常高，范围为0.877 ~ 0.992，平均值为0.94。我们发现，到2070年，大多数物种预计将经历范围缩小，在温和气候变化(RCP 2.6)下平均为15%，在更严重的气候变化(RCP 8.5)下平均为40%。这些物种目前的大部分分布范围都在现有的保护区内(2006-2015年平均为59%)，随着分布范围的缩小，预计这些保护区的重要性将会增加。我们认为，这些预测的范围下降应该提高对这组物种的保护关注，并且迫切需要以更好的种群监测形式保持警惕。
{"title":"Vulnerability of elevation-restricted endemic birds of the Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) to climate change","authors":"Zhen Liu, Luis Sandoval, Lauren B. Sherman, Andrew M. Wilson","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2261196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2261196","url":null,"abstract":"Animals endemic to tropical mountains are known to be especially vulnerable to climate change. The Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) is a geographically isolated mountain chain and global biodiversity hotspot, home to more than 50 endemic bird species. We used eBird community science observations to predict the distributions of a suite of 48 of these endemic birds in 2006–2015, and in 2070, under four climate change scenarios. Species distributions were predicted using program Maxent, incorporating elevation, satellite derived habitat data, and WorldClim climate variables. Model fit, as assessed by Area under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUC), was very high for most species, ranging from 0.877 to 0.992 (mean of 0.94). We found that most species are predicted to undergo range contractions by 2070, with a mean of 15% under modest climate change (RCP 2.6) up to a mean of 40% under more severe climate change (RCP 8.5). Most of the current ranges of these species are within existing protected areas (average of 59% in 2006–2015), and with prospective range contractions, the importance of these protected areas is forecast to increase. We suggest that these predicted range declines should elevate conservation concerns for this suite of species, and vigilance, in the form of better population monitoring, is urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2237229
Ibeth P. Alarcón, Paul Molina Abril, María Cristina Ríos, A. Orihuela-Torres, Agustín Carrasco, Daniel Pacheco, Edison Juca, Ruth Arias, C. Espinosa, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado, Héctor Cadena-Ortiz, Boris A. Tinoco
{"title":"Reproductive events of birds from Southern Ecuador","authors":"Ibeth P. Alarcón, Paul Molina Abril, María Cristina Ríos, A. Orihuela-Torres, Agustín Carrasco, Daniel Pacheco, Edison Juca, Ruth Arias, C. Espinosa, Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado, Héctor Cadena-Ortiz, Boris A. Tinoco","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2237229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2237229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-23DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2234722
H. M. Ortega-Andrade, Diana Astudillo Bravo, Eliana Ordóñez-Checa
{"title":"A first checklist of native names and ethnozoological notes of snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) from Kichwa and Shiwiar territories at the Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"H. M. Ortega-Andrade, Diana Astudillo Bravo, Eliana Ordóñez-Checa","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2234722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2234722","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46737412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228
D. Almeida-Reinoso, Freddy Almeida-Reinoso, A. Merino‐Viteri
{"title":"Report of leucism in tadpoles of Ceratophrys stolzmanni (Amphibia, Anura, Ceratophryidae) in laboratory","authors":"D. Almeida-Reinoso, Freddy Almeida-Reinoso, A. Merino‐Viteri","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2218228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963
A. Schaaf, M. Boullhesen, M. S. Akmentins
{"title":"Vocal activity of the rufous nightjar (Antrostomus rufus) in subtropical Yungas Andean forests of Argentina","authors":"A. Schaaf, M. Boullhesen, M. S. Akmentins","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2185963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42160414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004
L. Rostant, J. Agard, E. Devenish-Nelson, L. Beddoe, N. Nathai-Gyan, H. Nelson
{"title":"Density of red-brocket deer (Mazama americana trinitatis cetartiodactyla: cervidae) on the continental island of Trinidad, WI","authors":"L. Rostant, J. Agard, E. Devenish-Nelson, L. Beddoe, N. Nathai-Gyan, H. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2023.2177004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36863,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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